CN109997796B - Industrial stereo earthworm breeding method - Google Patents
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an industrial three-dimensional breeding method of earthworms, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing feed and a base material, arranging a turnover basket with an unsealed surface in a temperature control workshop at the temperature of 10-28 ℃, paving the prepared feed and the base material in the turnover basket according to a certain proportion to form a culture basket, putting wormcast into the prepared culture basket, separating wormcast, earthworm eggs and young earthworms in the culture basket after one treatment period of the culture basket is finished, putting the obtained young earthworms into the prepared fattening basket, and separating the earthworms and the wormcast in the culture basket after one period is finished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of earthworm breeding, in particular to an industrial three-dimensional earthworm breeding method.
Background
The earthworm is commonly called Qu Chuan, the traditional Chinese medicine is earthworm, which is cold in nature and salty in taste. The functions are as follows: clearing heat, calming liver, relieving asthma, and dredging collaterals. The earthworms move in the soil, so that the soil is loosened, more air and moisture can enter the soil, the growth of plants is facilitated, and the effect of improving the soil can be achieved. Meanwhile, the excrement grains discharged by the earthworms are non-toxic, odorless, clean and sanitary, and the earthworm excrement is a black, uniform and fine crushed substance with natural soil flavor and has good porosity, air permeability, water drainage and high water holding capacity. It is characterized by that it reasonably combines organic matter-microbe-growth factor together to improve soil environment and finally attain the goal of increasing fertilizer, resisting disease and raising soil. It is known that the wormcast has uniform particles, is tasteless and sanitary, and has 3 times higher water retention and air permeability than common soil. The content of organic matters of the wormcast organic fertilizer is about 40%, and after 2 times of fermentation and 2 times of animal digestion, the formed organic matters are easy to be absorbed by plants. The wormcast organic fertilizer can promote the formation of a soil granular structure, improve the soil permeability, the water retention property and the fertility preservation, facilitate the propagation and the increase of microorganisms, enhance the nutrient absorption and storage capacity of soil, improve the surface area by more than 100 times compared with the surface area before digestion due to fine organic matter particles after earthworm digestion, and provide more opportunities for the soil to contact with air, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of soil hardening. Improving the disease resistance of crops. Agricultural experts point out that the organic matter content and the microorganism content in soil are reduced year by year due to the long-term single application of fertilizers and a large amount of pesticides, so that the soil-borne diseases of crops are increased. The wormcast organic fertilizer contains a large amount of microorganisms, and more importantly contains at least more than two antagonistic microorganisms. After the beneficial microbes are applied to soil, the propagation of harmful bacteria can be quickly inhibited, the propagation of beneficial bacteria is enlarged, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is reduced, and crops are not easy to get ill. The wormcast organic fertilizer for improving the crop quality and recovering the natural flavor has the characteristics of biological fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, but is not a simple combination of the fertilizers, but a combination which is most suitable for plant growth and is gradually formed by the earthworms in the evolution process of hundreds of millions. Experiments on field and economic crops in partial areas of China show that the wormcast has outstanding effects on improving the quality of crops, reasonably increasing the content of protein, amino acid, vitamin and sugar in the crops, recovering the natural flavor of the crops and the like.
The organic matters contained in the sludge are effective biological energy, the humus generated by decomposing the organic matters in the sludge can improve the soil and avoid hardening, and the abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the sludge are indispensable nutrients for the growth of plants and crops. The sludge outlet problem is prominent in several cities and regions with higher urbanization level in China.
The existing sludge is used for breeding earthworms, and raw materials such as sludge are easy to scatter in a field, so that the field is dirty, bad and smelly; traditional earthworm cultivation depends on open air or vegetable greenhouse ground cultivation, the living environment of earthworms cannot be effectively controlled, such as temperature, humidity, pH value and the like, and the quantity of raw materials cannot be controlled, so that the growth period of the earthworms is unstable, and industrial quantitative production cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an industrial three-dimensional earthworm breeding method, which solves the problems of high cost and low efficiency of sludge breeding earthworms for a long time in the earthworm breeding industry and solves the problems of incapability of effectively producing cocoons and extremely low hatching rate after producing the cocoons for a long time in the domestic earthworm breeding industry.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the industrial stereo earthworm breeding process includes the following steps:
A. preparing the feed: mixing and crushing 30-40 parts by weight of municipal sludge, 30-40 parts by weight of cow dung, 10-15 parts by weight of dry mulberry leaves and 10-15 parts by weight of wheat bran, adding 0.5 part by weight of leavening agent for composting, adding 3-4 parts by weight of citric acid and 1.5-2 parts by weight of saccharin into the obtained feed after high-temperature composting treatment, and then adjusting the humidity of the feed to 65-70%;
B. the base material is prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of river sand in the Jianghan plain, 15-30 parts by weight of turfy soil and 30-50 parts by weight of diatomite, sterilizing and adjusting the humidity to 60-65%;
C. setting up a batch of high-efficient basket of breeding in the accuse temperature workshop of temperature 18 ~ 25 ℃, the high-efficient basket surface of breeding is not sealed, put the fodder earlier in the high-efficient basket of breeding, put a layer of base stock above the fodder, the ratio of base stock and fodder is 1: (1-1.5). 0.1-0.2kg of saturated adult earthworms with endless belts is put above the base material laid in the high-efficiency breeding basket according to each square meter;
D. spraying the atomized water regularly in a treatment period, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, wherein the treatment period of the high-efficiency breeding basket is 45 days, and after 45 days, separating wormcast, earthworm eggs and young earthworms in the high-efficiency breeding basket for later use, wherein the wormcast is treated as a fertilizer, and the earthworm eggs enter a new batch of high-efficiency breeding basket for incubation.
Preferably, the leavening agent in the step A consists of 20-25% of bacillus, 25-30% of sludge composting fermentation strain, 20-25% of cellulose bacillus, 10-15% of eurotium cristatum and 10-15% of spirochete bacteria.
Preferably, the specific method for sterilization and disinfection in step B is to use steam for 30 minutes.
Preferably, the municipal sludge in the step A is subjected to concentration and dehydration treatment before use.
Preferably, in the high-temperature composting process in the step A, water needs to be supplemented in time if the temperature suddenly drops, and after composting for 10-12 days, composting is completed after the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 40 ℃.
Preferably, the number of high efficiency breeding baskets arranged in a vertical stack is not more than 15.
Preferably, the efficient breeding basket is a plastic turnover basket of model 575 × 390 × 105 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate and high in culture efficiency, and the cocoon yield and the cocoon survival rate are improved. By adopting indoor three-dimensional breeding, the problem of large floor area for breeding earthworms can be solved, and the problem that ground breeding is easy to pollute underground water is solved. The method for breeding earthworms has high earthworm breeding rate and fast growth, the time for the young earthworms to reach the adult weight is more than 1 month, the period is shortened to 25 days, and the obtained finished earthworm weight standard reaching rate is far higher than that of the finished earthworms obtained by the traditional earthworm breeding method. According to the invention, high-quality sexual mature earthworms are selected to produce cocoons, the temperature and humidity which are most suitable for the earthworms to produce the cocoons and the incubation are selected, the cocoon production rate and the cocoon incubation rate are greatly improved, the reproduction rate is more than 20 times of that of common cultivation, and the obtained earthworms have more excellent quality.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An industrial three-dimensional breeding method for earthworms comprises the following steps:
and arranging an efficient breeding basket in a temperature control workshop with the temperature of 18 ℃, wherein the breeding basket is formed by paving feed and base materials inside a plastic turnover basket with unsealed surface and model number of 575, 390 and 105 mm.
Mixing and crushing 30-40 parts by weight of municipal sludge, 30-40 parts by weight of cow dung, 10-15 parts by weight of dry mulberry leaves and 10-15 parts by weight of wheat bran, adding 0.5 part by weight of leavening agent for composting, adding 3-4 parts by weight of citric acid and 1.5-2 parts by weight of saccharin into the obtained feed after high-temperature composting treatment, and then adjusting the humidity of the feed to 65-70%; wherein the municipal sludge needs to be concentrated and dehydrated before use;
in the high-temperature composting process, water needs to be supplemented in time if the temperature suddenly drops, and after 10-12 days of composting, the composting is finished after the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 40 ℃.
The leaven consists of 22% of bacillus, 28% of sludge composting fermentation strain, 20% of cellulose bacillus, 15% of eurotium cristatum and 15% of spirochete bacteria;
taking 100 parts by weight of Jianghhan plain river sand, 15-30 parts by weight of turfy soil and 30-50 parts by weight of diatomite, mixing, sterilizing, and adjusting the humidity to 60-65%;
laying a layer of base material above the feed, wherein the ratio of the base material to the feed is 1: 1. 0.1kg of full adult earthworms with endless belts is put above the base material paved in the high-efficiency breeding basket according to each square meter.
Vertically stacking and placing the breeding baskets with the earthworms put in; spraying water regularly in a treatment period, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, wherein the treatment period of the high-efficiency breeding basket is 45 days, and after 45 days, separating the wormcast, the earthworm eggs and the young earthworms in the high-efficiency breeding basket for later use; the earthworm feces are treated as fertilizer, and earthworm eggs enter a new batch of efficient breeding baskets for hatching.
The river sand in the Jianghan plain has the following characteristics: (1) and mud content: the mud content is generally less than 3%, the mud content is less, and the sand source is cleaner. (2) Fineness modulus: the fineness modulus is generally between 0.3 and 0.4, and because the particles are extremely fine and most of the sand has the surface tension of capillary water, the two particles can be tensioned to form so-called pseudo-viscosity, and the phenomena that wet sand can be agglomerated and loosened after being soaked in water and the like are shown. (3) The adhesion c =0kPa, and the internal friction angle phi is large. Since the fine sand is substantially non-viscous, it exhibits a cohesive force c =0kPa when shearing, and since the fine sand particles are larger than the soil particles, the sliding frictional force and the engaging frictional force are larger when shearing, and the internal frictional angle phi is larger. (4) The permeability coefficient is small. Therefore, the earthworm growth substrate is very suitable for being mixed with other components to prepare a clean substrate suitable for earthworm cultivation.
Example 2
An industrial three-dimensional breeding method for earthworms comprises the following steps:
and arranging an efficient breeding basket in a temperature control workshop with the temperature of 22 ℃, wherein the breeding basket is formed by paving feed and base materials inside a plastic turnover basket with unsealed surface and the model of 575 × 390 × 105 mm.
Mixing and crushing 30-40 parts by weight of municipal sludge, 30-40 parts by weight of cow dung, 10-15 parts by weight of dry mulberry leaves and 10-15 parts by weight of wheat bran, adding 0.5 part by weight of leavening agent for composting, adding 3-4 parts by weight of citric acid and 1.5-2 parts by weight of saccharin into the obtained feed after high-temperature composting treatment, and then adjusting the humidity of the feed to 65-70%; wherein the municipal sludge needs to be concentrated and dehydrated before use;
in the high-temperature composting process, water needs to be supplemented in time if the temperature suddenly drops, and after 10-12 days of composting, the composting is finished after the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 40 ℃.
The leaven consists of 22% of bacillus, 28% of sludge composting fermentation strain, 20% of cellulose bacillus, 15% of eurotium cristatum and 15% of spirochete bacteria;
taking 100 parts by weight of Jianghhan plain river sand, 15-30 parts by weight of turfy soil and 30-50 parts by weight of diatomite, mixing, sterilizing, and adjusting the humidity to 60-65%;
laying a layer of base material above the feed, wherein the ratio of the base material to the feed is 1: 1.5. 0.15kg of full grown earthwork with endless belts is put above the base material paved in the high-efficiency breeding basket according to each square meter.
Vertically stacking and placing the breeding baskets with the earthworms put in; spraying water regularly in a treatment period, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, wherein the treatment period of the high-efficiency breeding basket is 45 days, and after 45 days, separating the wormcast, the earthworm eggs and the young earthworms in the high-efficiency breeding basket for later use; the earthworm feces are treated as fertilizer, and earthworm eggs enter a new batch of efficient breeding baskets for hatching.
Example 3
And arranging an efficient breeding basket in a temperature control workshop with the temperature of 22 ℃, wherein the breeding basket is formed by paving feed and base materials inside a plastic turnover basket with unsealed surface and the model of 575 × 390 × 105 mm.
Mixing and crushing 30-40 parts by weight of municipal sludge, 30-40 parts by weight of cow dung, 10-15 parts by weight of dry mulberry leaves and 10-15 parts by weight of wheat bran, adding 0.5 part by weight of leavening agent for composting, adding 3-4 parts by weight of citric acid and 1.5-2 parts by weight of saccharin into the obtained feed after high-temperature composting treatment, and then adjusting the humidity of the feed to 65-70%; wherein the municipal sludge needs to be concentrated and dehydrated before use;
in the high-temperature composting process, water needs to be supplemented in time if the temperature suddenly drops, and after 10-12 days of composting, the composting is finished after the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 40 ℃.
The leaven consists of 22% of bacillus, 28% of sludge composting fermentation strain, 20% of cellulose bacillus, 15% of eurotium cristatum and 15% of spirochete bacteria;
taking 100 parts by weight of Jianghhan plain river sand, 15-30 parts by weight of turfy soil and 30-50 parts by weight of diatomite, mixing, sterilizing, and adjusting the humidity to 60-65%;
laying a layer of base material above the feed, wherein the ratio of the base material to the feed is 1: 1. 0.2kg of full grown earthwork with endless belts is put above the base material paved in the high-efficiency breeding basket according to each square meter.
Vertically stacking and placing the breeding baskets with the earthworms put in; spraying water regularly in a treatment period, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, wherein the treatment period of the high-efficiency breeding basket is 45 days, and after 45 days, separating the wormcast, the earthworm eggs and the young earthworms in the high-efficiency breeding basket for later use; the earthworm feces are treated as fertilizer, and earthworm eggs enter a new batch of efficient breeding baskets for hatching.
Example 4
And arranging an efficient breeding basket in a temperature control workshop at the temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the breeding basket is formed by paving feed and base materials inside a plastic turnover basket with unsealed surface and model number of 575, 390 and 105 mm.
Mixing and crushing 30-40 parts by weight of municipal sludge, 30-40 parts by weight of cow dung, 10-15 parts by weight of dry mulberry leaves and 10-15 parts by weight of wheat bran, adding 0.5 part by weight of leavening agent for composting, adding 3-4 parts by weight of citric acid and 1.5-2 parts by weight of saccharin into the obtained feed after high-temperature composting treatment, and then adjusting the humidity of the feed to 65-70%; wherein the municipal sludge needs to be concentrated and dehydrated before use;
in the high-temperature composting process, water needs to be supplemented in time if the temperature suddenly drops, and after 10-12 days of composting, the composting is finished after the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 40 ℃.
The leaven consists of 22% of bacillus, 28% of sludge composting fermentation strain, 20% of cellulose bacillus, 15% of eurotium cristatum and 15% of spirochete bacteria;
taking 100 parts by weight of Jianghhan plain river sand, 15-30 parts by weight of turfy soil and 30-50 parts by weight of diatomite, mixing, sterilizing, and adjusting the humidity to 60-65%;
laying a layer of base material above the feed, wherein the ratio of the base material to the feed is 1: 1.3. 0.1kg of full adult earthworms with endless belts is put above the base material paved in the high-efficiency breeding basket according to each square meter.
Vertically stacking and placing the breeding baskets with the earthworms put in; spraying water regularly in a treatment period, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, wherein the treatment period of the high-efficiency breeding basket is 45 days, and after 45 days, separating the wormcast, the earthworm eggs and the young earthworms in the high-efficiency breeding basket for later use; the earthworm feces are treated as fertilizer, and earthworm eggs enter a new batch of efficient breeding baskets for hatching.
Comparative example 1
Firstly, sequentially filling river stones, gravels and fine sand into a substrate box body with the height of 20cm and a water discharge hole with the bottom surface of 0.8cm, and forming a river stone layer, a gravel layer and a fine sand layer, wherein the heights of the river stone layer, the gravel layer and the fine sand layer are respectively 10cm, 7cm and 3cm, the diameter of the river stones is 4 cm-5 cm, and the diameter of the gravel is 2 cm-3 cm;
uniformly mixing the sludge, the crushed straws and the cow dung according to the volume ratio of 6:3:1 to obtain an organic waste mixture, wherein the mass ratio of carbon element to nitrogen element in the organic waste mixture is 25: 1; and (3) loading an organic waste mixture with the height of 8cm into the earthworm breeding box, then putting commodity earthworm seedlings, wherein the putting amount of the commodity earthworm seedlings is 0.1 kg/square meter, continuously adding the organic waste mixture into the earthworm breeding box after breeding for 30 days, and treating for 45 days to obtain young earthworms.
In the embodiments 1-4 of the present invention, the following data were obtained by taking a one-square meter of a fully-banded sexually mature earthworm as an example:
watch 1
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. It will be clear that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but that many variations are possible. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The industrial stereo earthworm breeding process includes the following steps:
A. preparing the feed: mixing and crushing 30-40 parts by weight of municipal sludge, 30-40 parts by weight of cow dung, 10-15 parts by weight of dry mulberry leaves and 10-15 parts by weight of wheat bran, adding 0.5 part by weight of leavening agent for composting, adding 3-4 parts by weight of citric acid and 1.5-2 parts by weight of saccharin into the obtained feed after high-temperature composting treatment, and then adjusting the humidity of the feed to 65-70%;
B. preparing a base material: taking 100 parts by weight of Jianghhan plain river sand, 15-30 parts by weight of turfy soil and 30-50 parts by weight of diatomite, mixing, sterilizing, and adjusting the humidity to 60-65%;
C. setting up a batch of high-efficient basket of breeding in the accuse temperature workshop of temperature 18 ~ 25 ℃, the high-efficient basket surface of breeding is not sealed, put the fodder earlier in the high-efficient basket of breeding, put a layer of base stock above the fodder, the ratio of base stock and fodder is 1: (1-1.5); 0.1-0.2kg of saturated adult earthworms with endless belts is put above the base material laid in the high-efficiency breeding basket according to each square meter;
D. spraying water regularly in a treatment period, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, wherein the treatment period of the high-efficiency breeding basket is 45 days, and after 45 days, separating wormcast, earthworm eggs and young earthworms in the high-efficiency breeding basket for later use, wherein the wormcast is treated as a fertilizer, and the earthworm eggs enter a new batch of high-efficiency breeding basket for incubation;
the leavening agent in the step A consists of 20-25% of bacillus, 25-30% of sludge composting fermentation strain, 20-25% of cellulose bacillus, 10-15% of eurotium cristatum and 10-15% of spirochaete; the specific method for sterilization and disinfection in the step B is to adopt steam treatment for 30 minutes; before the municipal sludge in the step A is used, the municipal sludge needs to be concentrated and dehydrated; in the high-temperature composting process in the step A, if the temperature suddenly drops, water needs to be supplemented in time, and after composting for 10-12 days, composting is completed after the temperature of the compost is reduced to below 40 ℃;
the number of the high-efficiency breeding baskets which are vertically stacked is not more than 15; the efficient breeding basket is a plastic turnover basket with model number of 575 × 390 × 105 mm.
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