CN109988101B - 2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- IZOIOCQPMHHDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=N1 IZOIOCQPMHHDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- DCUJJWWUNKIJPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrapyrin Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=N1 DCUJJWWUNKIJPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000005818 Picoxystrobin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- IBSNKSODLGJUMQ-SDNWHVSQSA-N picoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=N1 IBSNKSODLGJUMQ-SDNWHVSQSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
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- NDMKUPZPFSXJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)-3,4-difluoropyridine Chemical compound FC1=C(C(=NC=C1)CCl)F NDMKUPZPFSXJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADVQMCQMDHBTHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=N1 ADVQMCQMDHBTHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSDQITJYKQHXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound COOC(=O)C=C BSDQITJYKQHXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/12—Fluorides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药中间体的合成,具体的说是一种2‑氟‑6‑三氟甲基吡啶的合成方法。以2‑氯‑6‑三氯甲基吡啶和无水氟化氢为原料,在催化剂的作用下,于70~150℃、2~4.0MPa压力下,反应得到2‑氟‑6‑三氟甲基吡啶粗品,经纯化即为2‑氟‑6‑三氟甲基吡啶;所述催化剂为混合卤化锑。本发明所述的制备方法,原料价廉易得,工艺路线简单,没有固体废弃物产生,产品收率在95%以上,产品含量99%,废气氟化氢和氯化氢气体通过碱液吸收,基本无环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药中间体的合成,具体的说是一种2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶的合成方法。
背景技术
2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶是一种农药中间体,主要用于合成甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂啶氧菌酯。啶氧菌酯是内吸性杀菌剂,防治对象广谱,主要用于防治麦类的叶面病害如叶枯病、叶锈病、颖枯病、褐斑病、白粉病等,与其他甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂相比,啶氧菌酯对小麦叶祜病、网斑病和云纹病有更强的治疗效果。啶氧菌酯由先正达公司于2001年在欧洲推出,2006年,杜邦公司收购该产品。其后杜邦公司将此产品在拉美,北美等市场登记。啶氧菌酯已经在阿根廷,奥地利,比利时,巴西,英国等地注册,目前已经在中国进行销售,相关专利保护已经于2008年到期。2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶做为合成啶氧菌酯的重要中间体,随着国内啶氧菌酯产品的开发,预计2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶的市场需求将会有较大增加。
液相氟化反应往往采用卤化物作为催化剂,其中以5价锑最为常用。高氧化态的锑有利于破坏氟化氢分子间的氢键,配位成易于释放质子的H[SbClxF6-x],高亲和力的亲核试剂SbClxF6-x -可以降低反应活化能。所以SbCl5,SbClxF5-x及SbF5都可选为液相氟化催化剂。
但由于SbF5的强酸特性,SbF5-HF是一种液态超强酸,质子化非常严重,因此,急需一种使用适当催化剂并且能够满足市场对2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶需求的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种工艺简单、收率较高的2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶合成方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案。
一种2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶的合成方法,反应式为:
以2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶和无水氟化氢为原料,在催化剂的作用下,于70~150℃、2~4.0MPa压力下,反应得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶粗品,经纯化即为2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶;所述催化剂为混合卤化锑。
所述催化剂SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2,其中,催化剂的用量为2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶重量1-2%。
所述催化剂SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2重量比SbCl2F3:SbCl3F2为1:5~4:1,优选1:1。
所述2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶和无水氟化氢摩尔比为1:4~1:10,优选1:8。
所得粗品经水洗、水洗后经碱中和至中性,而后减压蒸馏,即得含量达到98~99%的2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶。
所述反应温度优选120℃;反应压力优选3.0-3.5MPa。
所述反应过程中产生的废气(氯化氢、氟化氢)通过碱液吸收。
本发明所具有的优点:
本发明所述的制备方法,原料价廉易得,工艺路线简单,没有固体废弃物产生,产品收率在95%以上,产品含量99%,废气氟化氢和氯化氢气体通过碱液吸收,无环境污染。
同时,本发明合成过程中选用SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2作为催化剂,具有较强的催化活性,同时SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2都是三角双锥形结构,前者的2个顶点均被氯原子占据,3个氟原子在平面形成的结构最稳定,而SbCl3F2中的氯、氟原子位置与SbCl2F3的恰好相反,它们因结构高度对称而形成稳定结构。进而使得合成过程中选择此种催化剂,氟取代氯的效率高,大幅降低反应终点时中间产物二氟一氯甲基吡啶含量。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用来阐释而非限制本发明。
实施例1
500ml高压釜,预先加入2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(200g,0.8485mol)和催化剂(SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2各1g),而后反应前向氟化氢加料罐内通氮气,通过N2加压至0.5MPa,利用氮气将无水氟化氢(136g,6.8mol)压入高压釜中,封闭高压釜。釜内压力至0.5Mpa时缓慢加热升温至130℃保温反应,随温度升高,釜内压力逐渐增加。通过泄压阀调节,控制釜内压力3.0~3.5Mpa。在此温度及压力下反应6小时后,反应釜降温至30℃,缓慢排出釜内压力。启釜,得到浅棕色反应液,经水洗、氨水中和及脱水处理,得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶粗品。减压蒸馏得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶134.4g,GC归一含量99.0%,收率96%。
实施例2
500ml高压釜,预先加入2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(200g,0.8485mol)和催化剂(SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2各1g),而后反应前向氟化氢加料罐内通氮气,通过N2加压至0.5MPa,利用氮气将无水氟化氢(136g,6.8mol)压入高压釜中,封闭高压釜,釜内压力至0.5Mpa时缓慢加热升温至120℃保温反应,随温度升高,釜内压力逐渐增加。通过泄压阀调节,控制釜内压力3.0~3.5Mpa。在此温度及压力下反应6小时后,反应釜降温至30℃,缓慢排出釜内压力。启釜,得到浅棕色反应液,经水洗、氨水中和及脱水处理,得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶粗品。减压蒸馏得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶133.9g,GC归一含量99.1%,收率95.6%。
实施例3
500ml高压釜,预先加入2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(200g,0.8485mol)和催化剂(SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2各1g),而后反应前向氟化氢加料罐内通氮气,通过N2加压至0.5MPa,利用氮气将无水氟化氢(136g,6.8mol)压入高压釜中,封闭高压釜,釜内压力至0.5Mpa时缓慢加热升温至130℃保温反应,随温度升高,釜内压力逐渐增加。通过泄压阀调节,控制釜内压力3.5~4.0Mpa。在此温度及压力下反应6小时后,反应釜降温至30℃,缓慢排出釜内压力。启釜,得到棕色反应液,经水洗、氨水中和及脱水处理,得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶粗品。减压蒸馏得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶134.1g,GC归一含量99.0%,收率95.8%。
实施例4
50L高压釜,通过加料孔加入2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(20.0Kg,84.85mol)和催化剂(SbCl2F3和SbCl3F2各100g),而后反应前向氟化氢加料罐内通氮气,通过N2加压至0.5MPa,利用氮气将无水氟化氢(14.0Kg,700mol)压入高压釜中,封闭高压釜,釜内压力至0.5Mpa时反应釜夹套通导热油,缓慢加热至120℃保温反应,随温度升高,釜内压力逐渐增加。通过泄压阀调节,控制釜内压力3.0~3.5Mpa。在此温度及压力下反应6小时后,反应釜降温至30℃,缓慢排出釜内压力。通过釜内插底管将料液用N2压入水洗釜,经水洗、氨水中和及脱水处理,得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶粗品。减压蒸馏得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶13.55Kg,GC归一含量99.2%,收率96.7%。
实施例5
500ml高压釜,预先加入2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(200g,0.8485mol),封闭高压釜。通过N2加压至0.5MPa,再向釜内加入无水氟化氢(136g,6.8mol),将其加入至氟化釜,釜内压力至0.5Mpa时缓慢加热升温至150℃保温反应,随温度升高,釜内压力逐渐增加。通过泄压阀调节,控制釜内压力3.0~3.5Mpa。在此温度及压力下反应12小时后,反应釜降温至30℃,缓慢排出釜内压力。启釜,得到深棕色反应液,GC归一含量2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶49.5%,2-氯-6-三氟甲基吡啶35.8%,2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶11.2%。
实施例6
500ml高压釜,预先加入2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(200g,0.8485mol)和催化剂(SbF52g),封闭高压釜。通过N2加压至0.5MPa,再向釜内加入无水氟化氢(136g,6.8mol),将其加入至氟化釜,釜内压力至0.5Mpa时缓慢加热升温至130℃保温反应,随温度升高,釜内压力逐渐增加。通过泄压阀调节,控制釜内压力3.0~3.5Mpa。在此温度及压力下反应6小时后,反应釜降温至30℃,缓慢排出釜内压力。启釜,得到深棕色反应液,经水洗、氨水中和及脱水处理,得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶粗品。减压蒸馏得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶128.3g,GC归一含量99.1%,收率91.6%。
实施例7
500ml高压釜,预先加入2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(200g,0.8485mol)和催化剂(SbCl52g),封闭高压釜。通过N2加压至0.5MPa,再向釜内加入无水氟化氢(136g,6.8mol),将其加入氟化釜,釜内压力至0.5Mpa时缓慢加热升温至130℃保温反应,随温度升高,釜内压力逐渐增加。通过泄压阀调节,控制釜内压力3.0~3.5Mpa。在此温度及压力下反应6小时后,反应釜降温至30℃,缓慢排出釜内压力。启釜,得到棕黑色反应液,经水洗、氨水中和及脱水处理,得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶粗品。减压蒸馏得到2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶117.1g,GC归一含量89.9%。
Claims (4)
2.根据权利要求1所述的2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶合成方法,其特征在于:所述2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶和无水氟化氢摩尔比为1:4~1:10。
3.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶合成方法,其特征在于:所得粗品经水洗、水洗后经碱中和至中性,而后减压蒸馏即为2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的2-氟-6-三氟甲基吡啶合成方法,其特征在于:所述反应过程中产生的废气通过碱液吸收。
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