CN109957876A - 多功能针织纺织品 - Google Patents

多功能针织纺织品 Download PDF

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CN109957876A
CN109957876A CN201811532054.7A CN201811532054A CN109957876A CN 109957876 A CN109957876 A CN 109957876A CN 201811532054 A CN201811532054 A CN 201811532054A CN 109957876 A CN109957876 A CN 109957876A
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yarn
knitted
knitted structure
hollow yarns
textile product
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CN109957876B (zh
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P·W·亚历山大
N·L·约翰逊
A·L·史密斯
C·P·亨利
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B1/00Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/24Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026Knitted fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/04Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a layer being specifically extensible by reason of its structure or arrangement, e.g. by reason of the chemical nature of the fibres or filaments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/106Radiation shielding agents, e.g. absorbing, reflecting agents
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B1/00Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/10Patterned fabrics or articles
    • D04B1/12Patterned fabrics or articles characterised by thread material
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B1/00Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B1/00Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/18Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials elastic threads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0207Elastomeric fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/302Conductive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412Transparent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/414Translucent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/714Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B32B2307/7145Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/724Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/728Hydrophilic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003Interior finishings
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00Physical properties
    • D10B2401/02Moisture-responsive characteristics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/40Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/425Including strand which is of specific structural definition
    • Y10T442/431Cross-sectional configuration of strand material is specified

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Abstract

针织纺织品包括针织结构,该针织结构包括多条中空纱线。每条中空纱线包括纱线主体并限定延伸通过纱线主体的纱线孔以在每一条中空纱线膨胀通过纱线孔时允许纱线主体扩张。针织结构被配置为响应于中空纱线膨胀通过纱线孔从非扩张状态转变到扩张状态。针织结构在非扩张状态下具有第一孔隙率,并且针织结构在扩张状态下具有第二孔隙率。第二孔隙率小于第一孔隙率,使得当针织结构处于非扩张状态时通过针织结构的可视性大于当针织结构处于扩张状态时的可视性。

Description

多功能针织纺织品
引言
本公开总体上涉及多功能针织纺织品。例如,本公开描述了包括可充气管状纱线的可变孔隙率针织纺织品。
针织纺织品被用于许多目的。例如,针织纺织品可以被用作为车辆座椅的覆盖物。并且,针织纺织品可以被用于车辆装饰。
发明内容
本发明涉及多功能针织纺织品。在某些实施例中,针织纺织品包括针织结构,该针织结构包括多条中空纱线。多条中空纱线中的每一条都包括纱线主体。多条中空纱线中的每一条限定延伸通过纱线主体的纱线孔,以允许在多条中空纱线中的每一条膨胀通过纱线孔时纱线主体扩张。纱线主体在抽真空或负压时也会塌陷/收缩。针织结构被配置为响应于中空纱线膨胀通过纱线孔从非扩张状态转变到扩张状态。针织结构在非扩张状态下具有第一孔隙率,并且针织结构在扩张状态具有第二孔隙率。第二孔隙率小于第一空隙率使得当针织结构处于非扩张状态时通过针织结构的可视性大于当针织结构处于扩张状态时的可视性。中空纱线可以是管状纱线。当针织结构处于非扩张状态时,通过针织结构的透气性大于当针织结构处于扩张状态时。多条中空纱线中的每一条可以包括弹性体。针织结构在多条中空纱线之间限定多个孔。当针织结构处于非扩张状态时,多个孔具有第一平均孔径。当针织结构处于扩张状态时,多个孔具有第二平均孔径。第二平均孔径小于第一平均孔径,使得当针织结构处于扩张状态时针织结构的热导率小于当针织结构处于非扩张状态时。多条中空纱线中的每一条可以包括多个掺杂物颗粒。多个掺杂物颗粒中的每一个可以是导热颗粒。当针织结构处于非扩张状态时,掺杂物颗粒比当针织结构处于扩张状态时更接近彼此,使得当针织结构处于非扩张状态时,针织结构的电导率大于当针织结构处于扩张状态时。
在一些实施例中,针织纺织品包括针织结构,该针织结构包括多条中空纱线。多条中空纱线中的每一条包括纱线主体。多条中空纱线中的每一条限定延伸通过纱线主体的纱线孔,以允许流体流过纱线主体,以便控制针织结构的温度。中空纱线中的每一条限定内纱线表面和外纱线表面。外纱线表面与内纱线表面是相对的。内纱线表面限定纱线孔。多条中空纱线中的每一条可以包括被嵌入到纱线中的每一条的多个导热颗粒,这些中空纱线的基质的导热较低。导热颗粒被嵌入到内纱线表面和外纱线表面之间,以便当扩张/膨胀时最小化中空纱线中的每一条的导热率,并且在松弛/收缩/真空时最大化导热率。中空纱线中的每一条包括圆周壁。圆周壁限定内纱线表面和外纱线表面。外纱线表面与内纱线表面是相对的。内纱线表面限定纱线孔。纱线孔是纵向孔。中空纱线可以是多孔管状纱线,其限定从内部纱线表面延伸到外部纱线表面的多个通孔,以允许流动通过纵向孔的流体通过通孔离开纱线主体,因而允许流体通过圆周壁离开纱线主体。针织纺织品可以包括多条透明纱线以控制通过针织结构的可以观察角度。针织结构可以包括多条半透明纱线以控制通过针织结构的可以观察角度。针织结构可以包括光学活性纱线以控制通过针织结构的可以观察角度。
在一些实施例中,针织纺织品包括第一针织织物层、第二针织织物层,以及将第一针织织物层和第二针织织物层互连的针织间隔织物。针织间隔织物包括多条吸湿纱线。多条吸湿纱线将第一针织织物层和第二针织织物层互连,以将水分从第一针织织物层输送到第二针织织物层。第二针织织物层包括多条吸收性纱线,以收集通过多条吸湿纱线从第一针织织物层输送到第二针织织物层的水分。第二针织织物层可以包括多条抗菌纱线以杀死细菌。第二针织织物层可以包括多个纱线圈,以便最大化水分蒸发的速度。多条吸收性纱线中的每一条包括纱线主体和延伸穿过纱线主体以允许空气流过纱线主体的纱线孔。多条吸收性纱线中的每一条包括吸湿材料以响应于空气流过多条吸收性纱线中的每一条的纱线孔而吸收水分。多条吸收性纱线中的每一条包括纱线主体和延伸通过纱线主体的纱线孔。纱线主体包括被配置为吸收水分的吸湿材料。多条吸性收纱线中的每一条包括延伸通过纱线孔的芯。该芯包括亲水性材料以帮助用于水分输送的毛细作用。代替芯,亲水性涂层被应用在纱线主体的内部中。
当结合附图时,本教导的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点从下面用于实行本教导的最佳模式的详细描述中变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是包括中空纱线的针织纺织品的示意性前视图,其中中空纱线处于非扩张状态。
图2是图1的针织纺织品的示意性前视图,其中中空纱线处于扩张状态。
图3是图1的针织纺织品的中空纱线的示意性立体图,描绘了处于非扩张状态的中空纱线。
图4是图1的针织纺织品的中空纱线的示意性立体图,描绘了处于扩张状态的中空纱线。
图5是包括流体流线的针织纺织品的示意图。
图6是图5中示出的针织纺织品的中空纱线的示意性立体图,描绘了导热颗粒。
图7是图5中示出的针织纺织品的中空纱线的示意性立体图,描绘了延伸通过中空纱线圆周壁的通孔。
图8是针织纺织品的示意性前视图。
图9是图8的针织纺织品的示意性偏角视图。
图10是包括吸收性纱线的针织纺织品的示意图。
图11是图10的针织纺织品的中空纱线的示意性立体图。
图12是图10的针织纺织品的中空纱线的示意性等距视图,描绘了延伸通过中空纱线的亲水性芯。
具体实施方式
参考附图,其中在所有几幅图中相同的附图参考标号对应于相同或相似的部件,并且从图1-4开始,针织纺织品10包括针织结构12,该针织结构12包括多条中空纱线14。中空纱线14可以是例如管状纱线,其可以膨胀以改变针织结构12的孔隙率和/或密度。中空纱线14中的每一条包括纱线主体16,并限定延伸通过纱线主体16的纱线孔18,以允许在中空纱线14膨胀通过纱线孔18时纱线主体16扩张。因此,针织结构12被配置为响应于中空纱线14膨胀通过纱线孔18从非扩张状态(例如,如图1所示的收缩状态)转变为扩张状态(例如,如图2所示的膨胀状态)。当中空纱线14处于非扩张(例如,收缩)状态时,针织结构12是相对开放且多孔的,其中当中空纱线14处于扩张(例如,膨胀)状态时,针织结构12填充中空纱线14之间的间隙。换句话说,当针织结构12从非扩张状态转变到扩张状态时,中空纱线14变厚。针织结构12在非扩张状态下具有第一孔隙率和/或密度(图1),在扩张状态下具有第二孔隙率和/或密度(图2)。针织结构12的第二孔隙率(图2)小于第一孔隙率(图1),因此,当针织结构12处于非扩张状态(图1)时,通过针织结构12的可视性大于当针织结构12处于扩张状态(图2)时。同样地,针织结构12的第二密度(图2)大于针织结构12的第一密度(图1)并且,结果,当针织结构12处于非扩张状态(图1)时通过针织结构12的可视性大于当针织结构处于扩张状态(图2)时的可视性。如上所讨论的那样,中空纱线14可以是管状的以便于制造。当针织结构12处于非扩张状态(图1)时通过针织结构12的透气性大于当针织结构12处于扩张状态(图2)时的透气性。因此,可以控制针织结构12的透气性以增强舒适性。中空纱线14可以部分地或全部地由弹性体制成,以便扩张和收缩中空纱线14。
继续参考图1和2,针织结构12限定中空纱线14之间的多个孔20。当针织结构处于非扩张状态时孔20具有第一平均孔径PS1,并且当针织结构处于扩张状态时孔20具有第二平均孔径PS2。第二平均孔径PS2小于第一平均孔径PS1。由此,当针织结构12处于扩张状态时针织结构12的热导率小于当针织结构12处于非扩张状态时。具体而言,因为当中空纱线14处于扩张状态时孔20紧缩,所以针织结构12的透气性相对于当中空纱线14处于非扩张状态时降低,并且因此针织结构12的隔热能力降低。结果,当针织结构12处于扩张状态时,针织结构12的热导率小于当针织结构12处于非扩张状态时。
参照图3和4,中空纱线14中的每一条包括掺杂物颗粒22。在描绘的实施例中,掺杂物颗粒22完全被设置在纱线主体16内用于保护。掺杂物颗粒中的每一个被配置为导热的导热颗粒。作为非限制性实例,掺杂物颗粒22可以全部地或部分地由金属材料制成。当中空纱线14(即图1中示出的针织结构12)处于非扩张(例如,收缩)状态时,掺杂物颗粒22比当中空纱线14(即图2中示出的针织结构12)处于扩张(例如,膨胀)状态时更接近彼此。因此,随着导热颗粒之间的距离增加,当中空纱线14(即图1中示出的针织结构12)处于非扩张(例如,收缩或当中空纱线14内部抽真空)状态时,中空纱线14(即图1中示出的针织结构12)的导热率大于当针织结构12处于扩张(例如,膨胀)状态时。此外,在扩张状态下,陷在中空纱线14中的气袋增强了针织结构12的隔热能力。
参考图5和图6,在一些实施例中,针织结构12可以被配置为用于流体输送、传递和移除,以便控制沿着针织结构12的温度。具体而言,针织结构12的中空纱线14被配置为通过纱线孔18输送流体。如上所讨论的那样,纱线主体16限定纱线孔18。纱线孔18延伸通过纱线主体16以使流体流过纱线主体16,以便控制针织结构12的温度。如上所讨论的那样,中空纱线14可以是管状的以便于制造。中空纱线14可以以预定图案来针织和/或镶嵌用于目标温度控制。针织纺织品10包括被配置为将输送流体(例如,气体)进入和送出中空纱线14的多条流线24。因此,流线24与中空纱线14将流体连通。
中空纱线14中的每一条包括限定内纱线表面26和外纱线表面28的圆周壁32。外纱线表面28与内纱线表面26是相对的。内纱线表面26限定纱线孔18。中空纱线14中的每一条包括被嵌入到内纱线表面26和外纱线表面28之间的中空纱线14中的每一条的导热颗粒30,以便最大化中空纱线14中的每一条的导热率。在该实施例中,导热颗粒30的热导率大于中空纱线14的基质的热导率。作为非限制性实例,导热颗粒30可以全部地或部分地由硅气凝胶和/或环氧树脂复合材料制成。每个绝热颗粒30都完全被设置在纱线主体16内,以增强隔热。因此,每个隔热颗粒30完全被设置在内纱线表面26和外纱线表面28之间,以增强热输送。在图6中描绘的实施例中,除了纱线孔18之外,纱线主体16完全是实心的,这使得没有流体能够通过纱线主体16的圆周壁32离开。因此,流体可以单独地流过纱线主体16的纱线孔18。可替换地,可以将负压施加到多孔管状纱线14上;这将从乘客身上吸取空气,有助于保持舒适的热状态。
在图7中描绘的实施例中,纱线孔18是沿着中空纱线14的长度延伸的纵向孔,并且中空纱线中14中的每一条是多孔管状纱线,其限定从内部纱线表面26延伸到外部纱线表面28的通孔34,以允许流过纱线孔18(即,纵向孔)的流体通过通孔34离开纱线主体16。结果,流过纱线孔18的流体可以通过圆周壁32离开纱线主体16,从而将允许针织结构12冷却(例如,空气冷却)。
参考图8和9,针织纺织品10可以包括透明、半透明和/或光学活性的纱线36以控制通过针织结构12的可观察角度。透明纱线36可以全部地或部分地由聚酯制成。半透明纱线36可以全部地或部分地由玻璃纤维制成。光学活性纱线36可以全部地或部分地由光子晶体材料、光致发光材料、发光材料、透光材料和反射材料制成。如图8中所示,透明、半透明和/或光学活性纱线36之间的大间隙允许光相对不受阻碍地经过针织结构12。然而,如图9所示,当以偏角观察针织结构12时通过针织结构12的可视性被降低(相对于图8)。因此,针织结构12可以用作保密屏,允许仅在特定角度可见。
参考图10和图11,针织纺织品10包括第一针织织物层38、第二针织织物层40和将第一针织织物层38和第二针织织物层40直接互连的针织间隔织物42。针织间隔织物42包括将第一针织织物层38和第二针织织物层40直接互连的多条吸湿纱线44,以将水分从第一针织织物层38输送到第二针织织物层40。因此,术语“吸湿纱线”意味着被特别配置为通过毛细作用将水分从内部移动到表面的纱线。作为非限制性实例,吸湿纱线44全部地或部分地由聚酯共混物制成。第二针织织物层40包括多条吸收性纱线46以收集通过多条吸湿纱线44从第一针织织物层38输送到第二针织织物层40的水分。由于这个原因,第一针织织物层38被配置为面向乘客O,而第二针织织物层40被配置为背离乘客O。第二针织织物层40可以包括抗菌纱线48以杀死细菌。第二针织织物层40包括能够最大化水分蒸发速度的纱线圈50(或其他针织特征)。吸收性纱线46中的每一条包括纱线主体16和延伸通过纱线主体16的纱线孔18,以允许空气(或其它合适的气体)流过纱线主体16。吸收性纱线46中每一条全部地或部分地由吸湿材料制成以响应于流过吸收性纱线46中的每一条的纱线孔18的空气A吸收水分。
在图12所示的实施例中,纱线主体16全部地或部分地由被配置为吸收水分的吸湿材料制成。进一步,吸收性纱线46中的每一条包括延伸通过纱线孔18的芯52。芯52全部地或部分地由亲水性材料制成以帮助水分的毛细作用。代替芯52,亲水性涂层被应用在纱线主体16的内部。
虽然已经详细描述了实行教导的最佳模式,但是熟悉本公开相关领域的技术人员将认识到用于实践所附权利要求的范围内的教导的各种可代替的设计和实施例。本文示例性公开的针织纺织品10可以在没有本文未具体地公开的任何元件的情况下适当地实践。另外,附图中示出的实施例或本说明中提到的各种实施例的特征不必理解为彼此独立的实施例。而是,可以将实施例的示例中的一个描述的特征中的每一个与来自其它实施例的一个或多个其它期望特征相结合,产生未在文字中或通过参考附图进行描述的其它实施例。可替换地,吸湿纱线的内部空腔可以涂覆有亲水性涂层,以帮助从管主体中吸取水分,并使其沿管长度向下流动。

Claims (10)

1.一种针织纺织品,包含:
包括多条中空纱线的针织结构,其中多条中空纱线中的每一条包括纱线主体,并且所述多条中空纱线中的每一条限定延伸通过所述纱线主体的纱线孔,以允许在所述多条中空纱线中的每一条膨胀通过所述纱线孔时所述纱线主体扩张,并且在抽真空时塌缩;
其中所述针织结构被配置为响应于所述中空纱线膨胀通过所述纱线孔从非扩张状态转变到扩张状态;
其中所述针织结构在所述非扩张状态下具有第一孔隙率;
其中所述针织结构在所述扩张状态下具有第二孔隙率;以及
其中所述第二孔隙率小于所述第一孔隙率,使得当所述针织结构处于所述未扩张状态时通过所述针织结构的可视性大于当所述针织结构处于所述扩张状态时的可视性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的针织纺织品,其中所述中空纱线是管状纱线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的针织纺织品,其中当所述针织结构处于所述非扩张状态时通过所述针织结构的透气性大于当所述针织结构处于所述扩张状态时的透气性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的针织纺织品,其中所述多条中空纱线中的每一条包括弹性体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的针织纺织品,其中所述针织结构在所述多条中空纱线之间限定多个孔,并且当所述针织结构处于所述非扩张态时所述多个孔具有第一平均孔径,当所述针织结构处于所述扩张状态时所述多个孔具有第二平均孔径,并且所述第二平均孔径小于所述第一平均孔径,使得当所述针织结构处于所述扩张状态时所述针织结构的热导率小于当所述针织结构处于非扩张状态时的热导率。
6.根据权利要求5所述的针织纺织品,其中所述多条中空纱线中的每一条都包括多个掺杂物颗粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的针织纺织品,其中所述多个掺杂物颗粒中的每一个都是导热颗粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的针织纺织品,其中当所述针织结构处于所述非扩张或塌缩状态时,所述掺杂物颗粒比当所述针织结构处于所述扩张状态时更接近彼此,使得当所述针织结构处于所述非扩张状态时所述针织结构的热导率大于当所述针织结构处于所述扩张状态时的热导率。
9.一种针织纺织品,包含:
包括多条中空纱线的针织结构,其中所述多条中空纱线中的每一条都包括纱线主体,并且所述多条中空纱线中的每一条都限定延伸通过所述纱线主体的纱线孔,以允许流体流过所述纱线主体,以便控制所述针织结构的温度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的针织纺织品,其中所述多条中空纱线中的每一条限定内纱线表面和外纱线表面,所述外纱线表面与所述内纱线表面是相对的,所述内纱线表面限定所述纱线孔,并且所述多条中空纱线中的每一条包括被嵌入到所述内纱线表面和所述外纱线表面之间的所述中空纱线中的每一条的多个隔热颗粒,以便最小化所述中空纱线中的每一条的热导率。
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