CN109949872B

CN109949872B - Design method for customizing compound fertilizer by utilizing big data

Info

Publication number: CN109949872B
Application number: CN201711106781.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏昭荣; 曹志贵; 文斌
Original assignee: Chengdu Jinlufu Biological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chengdu Jinlufu Biological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-11-10
Filing date: 2017-11-10
Publication date: 2023-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-10
Also published as: CN109949872A

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method for customizing compound fertilizer by utilizing big data, which comprises the following steps: (1) big data acquisition: analyzing soil and weather of crops and a target area, and collecting crop basic big data Z of the crops, soil big data T and weather big data Q of the target area and composite hypertrophy data H; (2) big data processing: carrying out big data operation on the collected crop basic big data Z, the collected soil big data T, the collected meteorological big data Q and the collected composite hypertrophy data H, and calculating to obtain a mass percentage content value W of the needed customized compound fertilizer constituent elements in the soil of the target area when the crops are planted in the target area _L The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (3) customizing element design in the compound fertilizer; (4) customizing the compound fertilizer. The compound fertilizer required by the growth of the crops in the target area is calculated according to the actual demands of the crops, so that the compound fertilizer has strong pertinence to the crops and the target area, and the demands of the crops can be met to the maximum extent.

Description

Design method for customizing compound fertilizer by utilizing big data

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural compound fertilizer manufacturing, and particularly relates to a design method of a customized compound fertilizer.

Background

The fertilizer is grain of crops, and plays an increasingly important role in ensuring stable and high yield of agriculture. At present, the scientific fertilization level of China is not high, the formula of the used fertilizer is uniform, and the unreasonable fertilization amount and fertilization proportion of blind fertilization and excessive fertilization in partial areas lead to low fertilizer utilization efficiency, so that resources are wasted, the environment is influenced, and soil fertility is reduced and the environment is polluted; but also is unfavorable for the growth of crops and reduces the yield and quality of agricultural products. The pollution of agricultural fertilizers and the increasingly prominent main factors of the quality and safety problems of agricultural products. Therefore, different accurate fertilization formulas are formulated aiming at different crops, different regional soil conditions and different target yields, and the method is an effective way for improving fertilization efficiency.

The customized personalized fertilizer is an effective means for solving the problem, and farmers, agricultural enterprises, fertilizer manufacturers, agricultural material sellers and the like are urgent to customize the personalized compound fertilizer for the fertilizer, but the natural conditions of various places are quite different, the types of crops are layered, and the fertilizer customization method and the basis are different, so that the development of fertilizer customization is restricted. Much work has been done in the manufacture of blended fertilizers. If the fertilizer is applied according to an empirical fertilizer formula or a formula provided by a user, the multi-element fertilizer and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are dry-mixed by a physical method and mixed into the blended fertilizer with the fertilizer nutrient proportion required by accurate fertilization. According to the local soil condition, the local agricultural department calculates the formula according to the soil components, planting varieties and the like of different areas, and the planting varieties can be used for preparing the compound fertilizer by only confirming the land areas. However, how to ensure the scientificity of the formula fertilizer is a problem, namely, the peasant can buy the fertilizer at ease, and the work can be continuously popularized. However, at present, supervision and tracing are difficult to realize, the counterfeit of scientific formulas is avoided in the fertilizer preparation process, the fertilizer application capability is affected, and the benefits of farmers are damaged. In recent years, the application of the big data technology provides a scientific means for the compound fertilizer customizing method, so that the traceable compound fertilizer customizing is carried out by utilizing the big data analysis method according to specific crops in a specific area and combining with the demands of clients, the content of N, P, K and other elements in the customized compound fertilizer is scientifically designed, the development of high efficiency, saving and ecological agriculture is promoted, and the technical problem to be solved urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a design method for traceably customizing the element content in the compound fertilizer by utilizing a big data analysis method, wherein the method is used for scientifically designing the element content in the compound fertilizer aiming at specific crops in specific areas and promoting the development of high efficiency, saving and ecological agriculture.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a design method for customizing compound fertilizer by utilizing big data comprises the following steps:

(1) Big data acquisition: analyzing soil and weather of crops and a target area, and collecting crop basic big data Z of the crops, soil big data T and weather big data Q of the target area and composite hypertrophy data H;

the crop basic big data Z comprises a crop basic factor Z ₁ Corresponding to the basic factor Z of crops ₁ Weight b of (2) corresponding to the crop foundation factorSon Z ₁ An exponential factor B of said crop basal factor Z ₁ The value is assigned to the degree of demand of the elements according to different growth stages of the crops; the Z is ₁ The value is 0.1-0.5, the value of b is 0-0.20, and the value range of B is 0.5-5;

the soil big data T comprises a soil factor T _i Corresponding to soil factor T _i Weight a of (2) _i Corresponding to soil factor T _i Is an exponential factor A of (2) _i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The soil factor T _i The soil quality factor, the soil structure factor, the soil medium element factor, the soil trace element factor, the soil organic matter factor, the soil microorganism factor, the soil moisture factor, the soil air factor, the soil temperature factor and the soil pH value factor are included; the soil factor T _i The T is a value respectively assigned according to the influence degree of soil texture, soil structure, soil element, soil trace element, soil organic matter, soil microorganism, soil moisture, soil air, soil temperature or soil pH value _i The value is 0 to 0.5, a _i The value is 0 to 0.3, A _i The value range is 0.5-5, wherein a is ₁ +a ₂ +……a _n ＝0～1，Wherein the value of i is 1-n, n=10;

the weather big data Q comprises a weather influencing factor Q _i Corresponding to meteorological influence factor Q _i Weight m of (2) _i Corresponding to meteorological influence factor Q _i Is an exponential factor C of (2) _i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The weather influencing factor Q _i The system comprises illumination factors, humidity factors, rainfall factors, air temperature factors, temperature difference factors, carbon dioxide concentration factors, wind power factors, evaporation capacity factors and seasonal factors; the weather influencing factor Q _i The Q is a value respectively assigned to the influence degree of light, humidity, rainfall, air temperature, temperature difference, carbon dioxide concentration, wind power, evaporation capacity or season _i The value is 0.01 to 0.5, m _i The value is 0 to 0.3, C _i The value range is 0.5-5; m is m ₁ +m ₂ +……m _e ＝0～1，Wherein the value of i is 1-e, e=9;

the compound hypertrophy data H comprises a compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Corresponding compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Weight u of (2) _i Corresponding compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Is an exponential factor D of (2) _i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the compound fertilizer comprises a factor H _i The values are respectively assigned according to the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper, organic matters and biological bacteria, wherein the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium are macroelements, the sulfur, the magnesium, the calcium and the silicon are intermediate elements, and the boron, the zinc, the molybdenum, the iron, the manganese and the copper are microelements; the H is _i The value is 0 to 0.2, u _i The value is 0 to 0.20, D _i The value range is 0.5-5; u (u) ₁ +u ₂ +……u _r ＝0～1，Wherein the value of i is 1-r, and r=15;

(2) Big data processing: carrying out big data operation on the collected crop basic big data Z, the collected soil big data T, the collected meteorological big data Q and the collected composite hypertrophy data H, and calculating to obtain a mass percentage content value W of the needed customized compound fertilizer constituent elements in the soil of the target area when the crops are planted in the target area _L The W is _L The method is obtained by the following formula:

wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe maximum value of i is r-1, wherein r=15, namely the mass percent value W of the needed customized compound fertilizer constituent elements in the calculated soil _L When the element is used, the composition factor H of the compound fertilizer is as follows _i No calculation is performed;

(3) The element design in the customized compound fertilizer: customizing percentage value W of element content in compound fertilizer _z The method is obtained by the following formula:

W _z ＝(W _L ×F－G _b )/(F－M _b )

wherein F is the total mass of each component element required by crops, G _b For the measured mass, M, of the element in the soil of the target area _b Is the measured total mass of each component element of the compound fertilizer in the soil of the target area, wherein F, G _b 、M _b The unit is Kg; wherein G is _b 、M _b The soil test method is determined by a soil test, and adopts a test method conventional in the field;

(4) Customizing a compound fertilizer: the mass percent value W of each element in the customized compound fertilizer calculated according to the step (3) _z And (5) selecting corresponding raw materials to complete the preparation of the customized compound fertilizer. The fertilizer may be prepared by conventional methods, such as slurry method, solid granule method, etc.

Further, the demand degree y of the elements in the growth stage of the crops in the step (1) ₁ The value range is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, namely y is more than or equal to 0 ₁ ≤10％、10％＜y ₁ ≤20％、20％＜y ₁ ≤30％、30％＜y ₁ ≤40％、40％＜y ₁ ≤50％、50％＜y ₁ ≤60％、60％＜y ₁ ≤70％、70％＜y ₁ ≤80％、80％＜y ₁ ≤90％、90％＜y ₁ Crop foundation factor Z less than or equal to 100 percent ₁ The corresponding values are 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and 0.50 in sequence from small to large. Wherein the demand degree is 0.ltoreq.y ₁ Less than or equal to 10 percent, namely the growth stage of the crops has no requirement for the element; y is less than 10% ₁ Less than or equal to 20 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 10 to 20 percent, and 20 percent is less than y ₁ Less than or equal to 30 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 20 to 30 percent, and 30 percent is less than y ₁ Less than or equal to 40 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 30 to 40 percent, and the content of the element is less than 40 percent ₁ Less than or equal to 50 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 40 to 50 percent, and 50 percent is less than y ₁ Less than or equal to 60 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 50 to 60 percent, and 60 percent is less than y ₁ Less than or equal to 70 percent, namely, the growth and development of crops are slowed down by 60 to 70 percent without applying the element in the growth stage of the crops, and 70 percent is less than y ₁ Less than or equal to 80 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 70 to 80 percent, and 80 percent is less than y ₁ Less than or equal to 90 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 80 to 90 percent, and the y is less than 90 percent ₁ Less than or equal to 100 percent, i.e. the growth stage of the crops is not applied with the element, the growth and development of the crops are slowed down by 90 to 100 percent.

Further, the crop basal factor Z ₁ Weight b according to crop pair Z ₁ Degree of dependence y of (2) ₂ Take the value of the dependency y ₂ Is Z ₁ The degree of variation in crop growth caused by the variation, the dependence y ₂ The range of (2) is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, and the ten grades are 0-y from small to large in sequence ₂ ≤10％、10％＜y ₂ ≤20％、20％＜y ₂ ≤30％、30％＜y ₂ ≤40％、40％＜y ₂ ≤50％、50％＜y ₂ ≤60％、60％＜y ₂ ≤70％、70％＜y ₂ ≤80％、80％＜y ₂ ≤90％、90％＜y ₂ Less than or equal to 100 percent; averaging ten values of the value range of b according to the same gear difference value, and comparing the value range with the dependency y ₂ The values of b are respectively and correspondingly assigned from small to large, the value range of b is 0-0.2, and the values of ten values according to the same gear difference value are respectively 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 from small to large. The variation degree of the crop growth mainly refers to the variation degree of the crop growth rate, the crop leaf area ratio, the net assimilation rate and the like.

Further, the crop basal factor Z ₁ The exponential factor B is according to Z ₁ Rate of change y of (2) ₃ Assigning a value; the rate of change y ₃ During the fertilizer application period, the crops grow for one periodZ in period ₁ The ratio of the amount of change to the total amount of the precursor, i.e. the Z ₁ Rate of change y of (2) ₃ ＝(Z _{1 back} —Z _{Front 1} )/Z _{Front 1} Wherein Z is _{Front 1} To start with Z ₁ Is the value of Z _{1 back} For Z at the end of the growth cycle ₁ Is a value of (2); the value of the change rate is divided into y which is more than or equal to 0 ₃ ≤10％、10％＜y ₃ ≤20％、20＜y ₃ ≤30％、30＜y ₃ ≤40％、40＜y ₃ ≤50％、50＜y ₃ ≤60％、60＜y ₃ ≤70％、70＜y ₃ ≤80％、80＜y ₃ ≤90％、90＜y ₃ Ten grades less than or equal to 100 percent, and corresponding values of B are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 in sequence. Wherein the growth cycle of the crop, i.e. the life cycle, is the whole process from germination to fully mature plant growth.

Further, the soil texture factor T ₁ Soil structural factor T ₂ Assigning values to the soil texture and the soil structure of the target area according to the suitability of the crops, namely determining the soil texture and the soil structure suitable for the crops to grow, and determining the suitability value according to the matching degree of the soil texture and the soil structure of the target area and the soil texture and the soil structure suitable for the crops to grow; the fitness y ₄ The value range is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, namely, y is more than or equal to 0 ₄ ≤10％、10％＜y ₄ ≤20％、20％＜y ₄ ≤30％、30％＜y ₄ ≤40％、40％＜y ₄ ≤50％、50％＜y ₄ ≤60％、60％＜y ₄ ≤70％、70％＜y ₄ ≤80％、80％＜y ₄ ≤90％、90％＜y ₄ Less than or equal to 100 percent, corresponding T ₁ The values are sequentially 0.50, 0.45, 0.40, 0.35, 0.30, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.05; corresponding T ₂ The values are 0.250, 0.235, 0.220, 0.205, 0.190, 0.175, 0.160, 0.145, 0.130 and 0.115 in sequence; soil texture factor T ₁ Assigning a value according to the suitability of the crop to the soil texture of the target area, namely determining the soil texture suitable for the crop to grow, and matching the soil texture of the target area with the soil texture suitable for the crop to growDetermining the suitability degree; soil structural factor T ₂ According to the suitability of crops to the soil structure of a target area, namely determining the soil structure suitable for the growth of the crops, and then determining the suitability according to the matching degree of the soil structure of the target area and the soil structure suitable for the growth of the crops, wherein the suitability is divided into 0-y ₄ ≤10％、10％＜y ₄ ≤20％、20％＜y ₄ ≤30％、30％＜y ₄ ≤40％、40％＜y ₄ ≤50％、50％＜y ₄ ≤60％、60％＜y ₄ ≤70％、70％＜y ₄ ≤80％、80％＜y ₄ ≤90％、90％＜y ₄ Less than or equal to 100 ten grades, T corresponding to the suitability ₁ From small to large, the values are 0.50, 0.45, 0.40, 0.35, 0.30, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.05; t corresponding to the suitability ₂ The values are 0.250, 0.235, 0.220, 0.205, 0.190, 0.175, 0.160, 0.145, 0.130 and 0.115 in sequence;

soil element factor T ₃ Namely according to the total mass percentage k of the mass elements in the soil of the target area ₁ Assigning a value, wherein the total mass percentage of the secondary elements in the soil in the target area is k ₁ Divided into ten levels, i.e. 0.ltoreq.k ₁ ≤0.2％、0.2％＜k ₁ ≤0.3％、0.3％＜k ₁ ≤0.4％、0.4％＜k ₁ ≤0.5％、0.5％＜k ₁ ≤0.6％、0.6％＜k ₁ ≤0.7％、0.7％＜k ₁ ≤0.8％、0.8％＜k ₁ ≤0.9％、0.9％＜k ₁ ≤1.0％、k ₁ > 1.0%, corresponding T ₃ The values are sequentially assigned as 0.2, 0.18, 0.16, 0.14, 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, 0.06 and 0.06;

soil trace element factor T ₄ Namely according to the total mass percentage k of trace elements in the soil of the target area ₂ Assignment, namely assigning the total mass percentage content k of trace elements in soil of target area ₂ Divided into eleven classes, i.e. 0.ltoreq.k ₂ ≤0.02％、0.02％＜k ₂ ≤0.04％、0.04％＜k ₂ ≤0.06％、0.06％＜k ₂ ≤0.08％、0.08％＜k ₂ ≤0.10％、0.10％＜k ₂ ≤0.12％、0.12％＜k ₂ ≤0.14％、0.14％＜k ₂ ≤0.16％、0.16％＜k ₂ ≤0.18％、0.18％＜k ₂ ≤0.20％、k ₂ > 0.2%, corresponding T ₄ The values are sequentially 0.2, 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11 and 0.1;

soil organic matter factor T ₅ Namely according to the mass percentage k of organic matters in the soil of the target area ₃ Assignment, namely assigning the mass percentage content k of organic matters in soil of target area ₃ Divided into seven levels, i.e. 0.ltoreq.k ₃ ≤1％、1％＜k ₃ ≤5％、5％＜k ₃ ≤9％、9％＜k ₃ ≤13％、13％＜k ₃ ≤17％、17％＜k ₃ ≤20％、k ₃ > 20%, corresponding T ₅ Sequentially assigning values of 0.5, 0.50, 0.40, 0.30, 0.20, 0.10 and 0.1;

soil microbial factor T ₆ I.e. according to the total content k of microorganisms in the soil of the target area ₄ Assignment of the microorganism content k in the soil of the target area ₄ Divided into five levels, i.e. 0.ltoreq.k ₄ ≤10 ⁶ Every gram, 10 ⁶ Number/g < k ₄ ≤10 ⁷ Every gram, 10 ⁷ Number/g < k ₄ ≤10 ⁸ Every gram, 10 ⁸ Number/g < k ₄ ≤10 ⁹ Individual/g, k ₄ ＞10 ⁹ Number/g, corresponding T ₆ Sequentially assigning values of 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11 and 0.1;

soil moisture factor T ₇ I.e. according to the amount of water in the soil of the target area, i.e. the suitable humidity range for crop growth is determined, the suitable humidity range is equally divided into five steps, i.e. the offset y in the suitable humidity range is deviated from the middle value of the suitable humidity range according to the amount of water in the soil ₅ Is divided into 80% < y ₅ ≤100％、60％＜y ₅ ≤80％、40％＜y ₅ ≤60％、20％＜y ₅ Less than or equal to 40 percent and 0 < y ₅ Five gears less than or equal to 20 percent, corresponding T according to the amount of water in the soil of the target area ₇ Sequentially assigning values of 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1; t corresponding to the condition that the water content in the soil is not less than the upper limit of the proper humidity range ₇ Assignment of valueAt 0.5, T is corresponding to the lower limit of the suitable humidity range when the amount of moisture in the soil is less than or equal to the lower limit of the suitable humidity range ₇ Assigning a value of 0.1;

the soil air factor T ₈ Including soil CO ₂ Factor T ₈₁ Soil O ₂ Factor T ₈₂ Soil relative humidity factor T ₈₃ Soil reducing gas factor T ₈₄ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Soil CO ₂ Factor T ₈₁ I.e. according to the CO in the soil of the target area ₂ Concentration assignment, if CO in soil ₂ Concentration > CO in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₁ Assigning a value of 0.05, if CO in the soil ₂ Concentration < CO in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₁ Assigning a value of 0.1; soil O ₂ Factor T ₈₂ I.e. according to the O in the soil of the target area ₂ Concentration assignment, if O in soil ₂ Concentration > O in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₂ Assigning 0.05 if O in soil ₂ Concentration < O in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₂ Assigning a value of 0.01; soil relative humidity factor T ₈₃ I.e. assigning a value according to the humidity of the soil in the target area, if the relative humidity in the soil is greater than the air humidity, T ₈₃ Assigning a value of 0.05, if the relative humidity in the soil is less than the air humidity, T ₈₃ Assigning a value of 0.01; soil reducing gas factor T ₈₄ Namely, assigning a value according to the concentration of the reducing gas in the soil of the target area, and if the concentration of the reducing gas in the soil is more than the concentration of the reducing gas in the air, then T ₈₄ Assigning a value of 0.05, if the concentration of the reducing gas in the soil is less than the concentration of the reducing gas in the air, T ₈₄ Assigning a value of 0.01;

soil temperature factor T ₉ I.e. according to the temperature of the soil in the target area, i.e. the proper temperature range for crop growth is determined, the proper temperature range is equally divided into five steps, i.e. the offset y in the proper temperature range according to the middle value of the temperature of the soil in the area deviating from the proper temperature range ₆ Is divided into 75% < y ₆ ≤100％、50％＜y ₆ ≤75％、25％＜y ₆ Less than or equal to 50 percent and 0 < y ₆ Four gears less than or equal to 25 percent, corresponding T according to the value of the soil temperature of the target area ₉ Sequentially assigning values of 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05; when (when)T corresponding to soil with temperature not less than upper limit of proper temperature range ₉ Assigning value to be 0.2, and corresponding T when the temperature of the soil is less than or equal to the lower limit of the proper temperature range ₉ Assigning a value of 0.05;

soil pH value factor T ₁₀ Namely, according to the pH value assignment of the soil in the target area, namely, the proper pH value range for crop growth is determined, the proper pH value range is divided into four gears, namely, the offset y of the middle value of the proper pH value range is deviated from the proper pH value range according to the pH value of the soil in the proper pH value range ₇ Is divided into 75% < y ₇ ≤100％、50％＜y ₇ ≤75％、25％＜y ₇ Less than or equal to 50 percent and 0 < y ₇ Four gears less than or equal to 25 percent, corresponding T according to the pH value of the soil in the target area ₁₀ Sequentially assigning values of 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05; t corresponding to the condition that the pH value of the soil is not less than the upper limit of the proper pH value range ₁₀ Assigning value to be 0.2, and corresponding T when the pH value of the soil is less than or equal to the lower limit of the proper pH value range ₁₀ The value was 0.05.

Further, the soil factor T _i Weight a of (2) _i According to the crop pair T _i Degree of dependence y of (2) ₈ Taking a value; the dependence y ₈ Is T _i The degree of variation in crop growth caused by the variation, the dependence y ₈ The range of (2) is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, and the ten grades are 0-y from small to large in sequence ₈ ≤10％、10％＜y ₈ ≤20％、20％＜y ₈ ≤30％、30％＜y ₈ ≤40％、40％＜y ₈ ≤50％、50％＜y ₈ ≤60％、60％＜y ₈ ≤70％、70％＜y ₈ ≤80％、80％＜y ₈ ≤90％、90％＜y ₈ ≤100％；a _i The value range of (a) is calculated according to the same gear difference value, ten values are averaged, and the values are assigned sequentially and correspondingly from small to large with ten grades of the dependency, wherein a is as follows ₁ 、a ₅ 、a ₇ 、a ₉ The range of the values of (2) is 0-0.2, and the values of the ten values of the same gear difference are 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 in sequence from small to large; the a ₂ 、a ₃ 、a ₄ 、a ₆ 、a ₈ 、a ₁₀ Is of the value of (2)The range is 0 to 0.1, and the values of ten values of the same gear difference are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 in sequence from small to large.

Further, the soil factor T _i Is an exponential factor A of (2) _i According to T _i Rate of change k of (2) ₅ Assigning a value; the T is _i Rate of change k of (2) ₅ Is T _i The ratio of the change per unit time to the original total, i.e. T _i Rate of change k of (2) ₅ ＝(T _{After i} —T _{Before i} )/T _{Before i} The unit time is one month, wherein T _{Before i} To start with T _i Is of the value T _{After i} Is T after one month _i Is a value of (2); the value of the change rate is divided into k which is more than or equal to 0 ₅ ≤10％、10％＜k ₅ ≤20％、20％＜k ₅ ≤30％、30％＜k ₅ ≤40％、40％＜k ₅ ≤50％、50％＜k ₅ ≤60％、60％＜k ₅ ≤70％、70％＜k ₅ ≤80％、80％＜k ₅ ≤90％、90％＜k ₅ Ten grades less than or equal to 100%, A _i The corresponding values are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 in turn.

Further, the weather-influencing factor Q _i Is of the illumination factor Q of (2) ₁ Namely, assigning a value according to the illumination intensity of a target area, namely, determining a light compensation point and a light saturation point for crop growth, and equally dividing the illumination intensity range from the light saturation point to the light compensation point into five steps, namely, deviating an offset s from a middle value according to the illumination intensity of the target area in the range from the light compensation point to the light saturation point ₁ Is divided into s which is more than or equal to 0 ₁ ≤20％、20％＜s ₁ ≤40％、40％＜s ₁ ≤60％、60％＜s ₁ ≤80％、80％＜s ₁ Five steps less than or equal to 100%, and according to the offset u of the illumination intensity of the target area from the middle value of the range from the light compensation point to the light saturation point ₁ Corresponding Q ₁ The values are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 in sequence from small to large; q corresponding to the light intensity not less than the light saturation point ₁ Assigning value to be 0.1, and corresponding Q when the illumination intensity is less than or equal to the light compensation point ₁ Assigning a value of 0.5; the light saturation point is at oneIn a fixed illumination intensity range, photosynthesis increases with the increase of illumination intensity, but after the illumination intensity exceeds a certain value, photosynthesis is kept at a certain level and does not increase any more, and the phenomenon is called a light saturation phenomenon, and a critical point of the illumination intensity is called a light saturation point; the light compensation point is below the light saturation point, and photosynthesis is reduced when the light intensity is reduced, and the light intensity when organic substances produced by photosynthesis of plants are balanced with substances consumed by respiration is called the light compensation point.

The weather influencing factor Q _i Humidity factor Q of (2) ₂ I.e. according to the air humidity of the target area, i.e. firstly determining the optimal air humidity range of the crop growth, dividing the optimal air humidity range into five steps, i.e. according to the offset s of the air humidity of the target area from the middle value in the optimal air humidity range ₂ Is divided into 80% < s ₂ ≤100％、60％＜s ₂ ≤80％、40％＜s ₂ ≤60％、20％＜s ₂ ≤40％、0≤s ₂ Five steps less than or equal to 20%, and an offset s from the intermediate value in the optimum air humidity range according to the air humidity value of the target area ₂ Corresponding Q ₂ Sequentially assigning values of 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07 and 0.06; q corresponding to the case when the air humidity of the target area is not less than the upper limit of the optimal air humidity range ₂ Assigning a value of 0.1, and when the air humidity of the target area is less than or equal to the lower limit of the optimal air humidity range, corresponding Q ₂ Assigning a value of 0.05;

the weather influencing factor Q _i Rainfall factor Q of (2) ₃ Namely, according to the rainfall of the target area, if the rainfall penetration ratio in rainfall is more than or equal to 70%, Q ₃ Assigning a value of 0.1, if the proportion of rain penetration in rainfall is less than 70%, Q ₃ Assigning a value of 0.05; the rainfall refers to the depth of a water layer which is accumulated on the water surface without evaporation, infiltration and loss of rainwater falling onto the ground from the sky, and generally takes millimeter as a unit, and can intuitively represent the rainfall; the rain penetration refers to the precipitation for thoroughly solving drought after long drought, and the northern drought region is usually called as 'rain penetration' when the precipitation is used for soaking the surface dry soil layer and being connected with the bottom wet soil layer"; in the southern water-bearing area, precipitation is generally used to basically meet the needs of normal growth and development of crops, and is called "rain penetration".

The weather influencing factor Q _i Air temperature factor Q of (2) ₄ I.e. according to the air temperature of the target area, i.e. the proper temperature range for the growth of crops is determined firstly, the proper temperature range is divided into four steps uniformly, i.e. the offset s of the air temperature of the target area within the proper temperature range from the middle value of the proper temperature range ₃ Is divided into 75% < s ₃ ≤100％、50％＜s ₃ ≤75％、25％＜s ₃ Less than or equal to 50 percent and 0 less than or equal to s ₃ Four steps of less than or equal to 25%, and the offset s of the middle value of the suitable temperature range within the suitable temperature range according to the value of the air temperature of the target area ₃ Corresponding Q ₄ Sequentially assigning values of 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05; q corresponding to the temperature not less than the upper limit value of the proper temperature ₄ Assigning value to be 0.2, and corresponding Q when the air temperature is less than or equal to the lower limit value of the proper temperature ₄ Assigning a value of 0.05, wherein the air temperature is the average temperature of the target area for one day;

the weather influencing factor Q _i Temperature difference factor Q of (2) ₅ I.e. assigning a value according to the temperature difference of one day of the target area, i.e. firstly determining the suitable temperature difference range for crop growth, equally dividing the suitable temperature difference range into four steps, i.e. deviating the deviation s of the suitable temperature difference range from the middle value of the suitable temperature difference range according to the temperature difference of one day of the target area in the suitable temperature difference range ₄ Is divided into 75% < s ₄ ≤100％、50％＜s ₄ ≤75％、25％＜s ₄ Less than or equal to 50 percent and 0 less than or equal to s ₄ Four steps less than or equal to 25%, and the offset s of the middle value deviating from the proper temperature difference range in the proper temperature difference range according to the temperature difference value of one day of the target area ₄ Corresponding Q ₅ Sequentially assigning values of 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05; q corresponding to the temperature difference being larger than or equal to the upper limit value of the proper temperature difference ₅ Assigning value to be 0.2, and when the temperature difference is less than or equal to the lower limit value of the proper temperature difference, corresponding Q ₅ Assigning a value of 0.05;

the weather influencing factor Q _i Is the carbon dioxide concentration factor Q of (2) ₆ I.e. according to the carbon dioxide concentration in the air of the target area, the carbon dioxide concentration s in the air of the target area ₅ Divided into six levels, i.e. 0 < s ₅ ≤2％、2％＜s ₅ ≤4％、4％＜s ₅ ≤6％、6％＜s ₅ ≤8％、8％＜s ₅ ≤10％、s ₅ More than or equal to 10 percent of six grades, corresponding Q ₆ The values are sequentially assigned as 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06 and 0.05;

the weather influencing factor Q _i Wind power factor Q of (2) ₇ I.e. according to the wind power of the target area, i.e. when the wind power is less than or equal to five levels, Q ₇ When the value is 0.05 and the wind power is more than five levels, Q ₇ Assigning a value of 0.01;

the weather influencing factor Q _i Is the evaporation quantity factor Q of (2) ₈ I.e. according to the evaporation capacity of the target area, i.e. evaporation capacity > water supply capacity, Q ₈ When the value is 0.05 and the evaporation capacity is less than or equal to the water supply quantity, Q ₈ Assigning a value of 0.01;

the weather influencing factor Q _i Season factor Q of (2) ₉ The value was 0.5.

Further, the weather-influencing factor Q _i Weight m of (2) _i According to crop pair Q _i Is of the degree of dependence s ₆ Taking a value; the degree of dependence s ₆ Is Q _i The degree of variation in crop growth caused by the variation, the degree of dependence s ₆ The range of (2) is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, and the ten grades are 0-s from small to large ₆ ≤10％、10％＜s ₆ ≤20％、20％＜s ₆ ≤30％、30％＜s ₆ ≤40％、40％＜s ₆ ≤50％、50％＜s ₆ ≤60％、60％＜s ₆ ≤70％、70％＜s ₆ ≤80％、80％＜s ₆ ≤90％、90％＜s ₆ Less than or equal to 100 percent; wherein m is ₁ 、m ₄ 、m ₅ 、m ₁₀ The value range of (2) is 0-0.2, the values are 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 from small to large according to ten values of the same gear difference, and the dependence degree s ₆ The ten grades of (2) are sequentially corresponding from small to large; wherein m is ₂ 、m ₃ 、m ₆ 、m ₇ 、m ₉ The value range of (2) is 0-0.1, and ten values of the same gear difference value are taken from smallTo 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 in this order, and the dependence s ₆ Corresponds in order from small to large.

Further, the weather-influencing factor Q _i Is an exponential factor C of (2) _i According to Q _i Rate of change s of (2) ₇ Assigning a value; the Q is _i Rate of change s of (2) ₇ Is Q _i The ratio of the variation per unit time to the original total, i.e. Q _i Rate of change s of (2) ₇ ＝(Q _{After i} —Q _{Before i} )/Q _{Before i} The unit time is one week, wherein Q _{Before i} To start with Q _i Is of the value of Q _{After i} Q after one week _i Is a value of (2); the value of the change rate is divided into s which is more than or equal to 0 ₇ ≤10％、10％＜s ₇ ≤20％、20％＜s ₇ ≤30％、30％＜s ₇ ≤40％、40％＜s ₇ ≤50％、50％＜s ₇ ≤60％、60％＜s ₇ ≤70％、70％＜s ₇ ≤80％、80％＜s ₇ ≤90％、90％＜s ₇ Ten grades less than or equal to 100%, C _i The corresponding values are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 in turn.

Further, the design value of each major element mass percent in the customized compound fertilizer is 6-35%, the design value of each intermediate element mass percent is 1-6%, the design value of each trace element mass percent is 0-1%, the design value of the organic matter mass percent is 0-50%, and the design value of the biological bacteria content is 10 ⁷ ～10 ¹⁰ Each gram, the compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Assigning values according to the design values of the mass percentages of the elements in the customized compound fertilizer;

customizing a design value v of mass percentage contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of macroelements in the compound fertilizer ₁ Is respectively divided into 6 percent to less than or equal to v ₁ ≤8％、8％＜v ₁ ≤11％、11％＜v ₁ ≤14％、14％＜v ₁ ≤17％、17％＜v ₁ Five grades less than or equal to 35 percent, corresponding nitrogen element composition factor H ₁ Elemental phosphorus composition factor H ₂ Potassium element composition factor H ₃ Respectively are provided withThe values are respectively and correspondingly 0.2, 0.18, 0.16, 0.14 and 0.12;

customizing a design value v of mass percentage content of medium elements sulfur, magnesium, calcium and silicon in the compound fertilizer ₂ Is respectively divided into 1 percent to less than or equal to v ₂ ≤2％、2％＜v ₂ ≤3％、3％＜v ₂ ≤4％、4％＜v ₂ ≤5％、5％＜v ₂ Five grades less than or equal to 6 percent, corresponding sulfur element composition factor H ₄ Elemental magnesium composition factor H ₅ Elemental calcium composition factor H ₆ Elemental silicon composition factor H ₇ Respectively and correspondingly assigning values of 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06 and 0.05 in sequence;

customizing design value v of mass percentage content of trace elements such as boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and copper in compound fertilizer ₃ Is divided into 0.ltoreq.v ₃ ≤0.2％、0.2％＜v ₃ ≤0.4％、0.4％＜v ₃ ≤0.6％、0.6％＜v ₃ ≤0.8％、0.8％＜v ₃ Five grades less than or equal to 1 percent, corresponding boron element composition factor H ₈ Elemental zinc composition factor H ₉ Elemental molybdenum composition factor H ₁₀ Elemental iron composition factor H ₁₁ Manganese element composition factor H ₁₂ Copper element composition factor H ₁₃ Respectively and correspondingly assigning values of 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02 and 0.01 in sequence;

Customizing a design value v of the mass percentage content of organic matters in the compound fertilizer ₄ Is divided into 0.ltoreq.v ₄ ≤5％、5％＜v ₄ ≤0.49％、9％＜v ₄ ≤13％、13％＜v ₄ ≤17％、17＜v ₄ Five grades less than or equal to 50 percent, corresponding organic matter composition factor H ₁₄ Sequentially assigning values of 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07 and 0.06;

design value v of biological bacteria content in customized compound fertilizer ₅ Is divided into 10 ⁷ ≤v ₅ ≤10 ⁸ Every gram, 10 ⁸ ＜v ₅ ≤10 ⁹ Every gram, 10 ⁹ ＜v ₅ ≤10 ¹⁰ Three grades per gram, corresponding biological bacteria composition factor H ₁₅ The values are sequentially assigned as 0.08, 0.07 and 0.06.

Further, the compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Weight u of (2) _i According to crop pair H _i Dependence v of (v) ₆ Taking a value; the dependence v ₆ Is H _i The degree of variation in crop growth caused by the variation, the dependence v ₆ The range of (2) is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, and the ten grades are 0-v in turn from small to large ₆ ≤10％、10％＜v ₆ ≤20％、20％＜v ₆ ≤30％、30％＜v ₆ ≤40％、40％＜v ₆ ≤50％、50％＜v ₆ ≤60％、60％＜v ₆ ≤70％、70％＜v ₆ ≤80％、80％＜v ₆ ≤90％、90％＜v ₆ Less than or equal to 100 percent; wherein u is ₁ 、u ₂ 、u ₃ 、u ₁₄ 、u ₁₅ The range of the values of (2) is 0-0.2, and the values of the ten values of the same gear difference are 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 in sequence from small to large; wherein u is ₄ 、u ₅ 、u ₆ 、u ₇ 、u ₈ 、u ₉ 、u ₁₀ 、u ₁₁ 、u ₁₂ 、u ₁₃ The range of the values of (2) is 0-0.1, and the values of (0.1), (0.2), (0.3), (0.4), (0.5), (0.6), (0.7), (0.8), (0.9) and (1.0) are sequentially from small to large according to ten values of the same gear difference.

Further, the compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Is an exponential factor D of (2) _i According to H _i Is assigned to the change rate of (a); the H is _i Rate of change v ₇ Is H in one growth period of crops in the fertilizer application period _i The ratio of the amount of change to the total amount of the original, i.e. H _i Rate of change v of (v) ₇ ＝(H _{After i} —H _{Before i} )/H _{Before i} Wherein H is _{Before i} To H at the beginning _i Take the value of H _{After i} H at the end of the growth cycle _i Taking a value; the value of the change rate is divided into v which is more than or equal to 0 ₇ ≤10％、10％＜v ₇ ≤20％、20％＜v ₇ ≤30％、30％＜v ₇ ≤40％、40％＜v ₇ ≤50％、50％＜v ₇ ≤60％、60％＜v ₇ ≤70％、70％＜v ₇ ≤80％、80％＜v ₇ ≤90％、90％＜v ₇ Ten grades less than or equal to 100%, D _i The corresponding values are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 in turn.

Furthermore, the nitrogen element raw material in the step (4) can be one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonia water and industrial and agricultural byproducts containing nitrogen when preparing the customized compound fertilizer; the phosphorus element raw material can be one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, heavy calcium, common calcium and industrial and agricultural byproducts containing phosphorus; the potassium element raw material can be one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash and industrial and agricultural byproducts containing potassium. The medium and trace elements can be one or more of limestone powder, dolomite powder, slaked lime, shell powder, magnesium sulfate, anhydrous kainite, calcium sulfate, industrial waste containing calcium and magnesium, etc.; the trace elements can be one or more of simple substance trace fertilizer, compound trace fertilizer and mixed trace fertilizer, and the preparation method of the customized compound fertilizer adopts a slurry method and a solid aggregation method.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, by analyzing the soil and weather of the crops and the target area, the crop basic big data Z, the soil big data T and the weather big data Q of the target area and the composite hypertrophy data H of the crops are collected, and the amount of fertilizer elements required by the crops in a specific stage of growth of the target area is calculated according to the actual demands of the crops, so that the method has strong pertinence to the crops and the target area, meets the demands of customers and improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer; according to the invention, a big data analysis method is utilized to carry out traceable compound fertilizer customization, the content of N, P, K and other elements in the customized compound fertilizer is scientifically designed, and the development of high efficiency, saving and ecological agriculture is promoted.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.

Example 1: and (3) customizing the nitrogen element in the special compound fertilizer for tea in a certain area in winter.

The soil in the target area is 5% of light stone loam, and is leaner; the climate condition of the target area is that the annual average temperature is 15.3 ℃, the relative humidity is 76%, the annual average total precipitation is 1200 mm, and the annual average sunlight time is 1500 hours; the customized special compound fertilizer for tea requires that the content of major elements is about 50%, and is mainly used for strengthening seedlings in winter.

Table 1 example 1 big data assignment

The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to collect big data of target crops and target areas, and the following steps are adopted: because the customized special compound fertilizer for tea is not applied to facility agriculture, the carbon dioxide concentration Q in meteorological big data ₆ The neglect of the elements is not counted, as shown in table 1, the calculation is carried out to obtain the percentage value of the nitrogen element content in the compound fertilizer as 19.20%, the calculation method of other elements is the same as that of nitrogen, and after the calculation is completed, the solid aggregation method is utilized to prepare the special compound fertilizer for tea, wherein the element and the mass percentage of the special compound fertilizer for tea are respectively 19.20% of nitrogen, 14.1% of phosphorus, 13.9% of potassium, 0.88% of sulfur, 0.56% of magnesium, 0.61% of calcium, 0.40% of silicon, 0.18% of boron, 0.18% of zinc, 0.10% of molybdenum, 0.13% of iron, 0.09% of manganese, 0.14% of copper, 22.0% of organic matters and 4×10% of biological bacteria ⁹ Each weight of the fertilizer is per gram, and the balance is fertilizer filler. The customized special compound fertilizer for tea is used for a target area, and a certain main stream brand special fertilizer for tea is applied to the target area as a control group, so that the yield of the tea applied by the invention is improved by 5.1% and the quality is improved by 15.2% during harvesting.

Example 2: customized design of phosphorus element in special compound fertilizer for citrus spring in certain area

The soil of the target area is 2% of light stone loam, and is fatter; the climate condition of the target area is that the annual average air temperature is 16.8 ℃, the relative humidity is 82%, the annual average total precipitation is 1500 mm, and the annual average sunlight time is 1400 hours; the customized special compound fertilizer for citrus requires that the content of major elements is more than 50%, and is mainly used for strengthening seedlings in spring.

Table 2 example 2 big data assignment

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The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to collect big data of target crops and target areas, and the following steps are adopted: because the customized special compound fertilizer for oranges is not applied to facility agriculture, the carbon dioxide concentration term in meteorological big data is ignored, as shown in table 2, the percent value of the phosphorus element content in the compound fertilizer is calculated to be 14.66 percent, the calculation method of other elements is the same as that of phosphorus, and after calculation, the special compound fertilizer for oranges is prepared by using a solid aggregation method, wherein the mass percent of the elements and the mass percent in the special compound fertilizer for oranges are respectively 18.7 percent of nitrogen, 14.6 percent of phosphorus, 13.30 percent of potassium, 0.90 percent of sulfur, 0.57 percent of magnesium, 0.66 percent of calcium, 0.55 percent of silicon, 0.18 percent of boron, 0.17 percent of zinc, 0.11 percent of molybdenum, 0.12 percent of iron, 0.11 percent of manganese, 0.13 percent of copper, 25.1 percent of organic matters and 4 multiplied by 10 percent of biological bacteria ⁹ Each weight of the fertilizer is per gram, and the balance is fertilizer filler. The customized special compound fertilizer for citrus is used for a target area, and a certain main stream brand special fertilizer for citrus is used for the target area as a control group, so that the yield of citrus applied by the invention is improved by 7.1% and the quality is improved by 18.6% during harvesting.

Example 3: custom design of potassium element in special compound fertilizer for kiwi fruits in certain area in spring

The soil in the target area is 3.3% of light stone loam, so that the target area is fatter; the climate condition of the target area is that the annual average temperature is 16.8 ℃, the relative humidity is 82%, the annual average total precipitation is 1500 mm, and the annual average sunlight time is 1400 hours; the customized special compound fertilizer for kiwi fruits requires that the content of major elements is more than 50%, and is mainly used for strengthening seedlings in spring.

Table 3 example 3 big data assignment

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The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to collect big data of target crops and target areas, and the following steps are adopted: because the customized compound fertilizer special for kiwi fruits is not applied to facility agriculture, the carbon dioxide concentration in meteorological big data is ignored, as shown in table 3, the calculation is carried out to obtain the percentage value of the potassium element content in the compound fertilizer as 13.87%, the calculation method of other elements is the same as potassium, and after the calculation is completed, the solid aggregation method is utilized to prepare the compound fertilizer special for kiwi fruits, wherein the content of the elements and the mass percentage in the compound fertilizer special for kiwi fruits are respectively 18.3 percent of nitrogen, 12.2 percent of phosphorus, 13.87 percent of potassium, 0.82 percent of sulfur, 0.67 percent of magnesium, 0.52 percent of calcium, 0.65 percent of silicon, 0.20 percent of boron, 0.15 percent of zinc, 0.10 percent of molybdenum, 0.13 percent of iron, 0.13 percent of manganese, 0.12 percent of copper, 25.1 percent of organic matters and 4 multiplied by 10 percent of biological bacteria ⁹ Each weight of the fertilizer is per gram, and the balance is fertilizer filler. The customized special compound fertilizer for kiwi fruits is used for a target area, and a special fertilizer for kiwi fruits with a certain main flow brand is applied to the target area as a control group, so that the yield of the kiwi fruits applied by the method is improved by 13.5% and the quality is improved by 15.3% during harvesting.

Example 4: custom design of sulfur element in special compound fertilizer for grape in certain area in spring

The soil of the target area is loamy soil and is fertile; the climate condition of the target area is that the annual average temperature is 17.1 ℃, the relative humidity is 86 percent, the annual average total precipitation is 1700 millimeters, and the annual average sunshine time is 1360 hours; the customized grape special compound fertilizer has the advantages that the macroelement content is more than 50%, the requirement on the macroelement content is higher, and the grape special compound fertilizer is mainly used for improving the quality of fruits and resisting diseases and insect pests.

Table 4 example 4 big data assignment

The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to collect big data of target crops and target areas, and the following steps are adopted: as the customized grape special compound fertilizer is not applied to facility agriculture, the carbon dioxide concentration item in meteorological big data is ignored, as shown in table 3, the calculation is carried out to obtain the percent value of the sulfur element content in the compound fertilizer as 1.68 percent, the calculation method of other elements is the same as sulfur, the slurry method is utilized to prepare the grape special compound fertilizer after the calculation is completed, the elements and the mass percent in the grape special compound fertilizer are respectively 18.8 percent of nitrogen, 15.7 percent of phosphorus, 18.3 percent of potassium, 1.57 percent of sulfur, 0.86 percent of magnesium, 0.61 percent of calcium, 0.81 percent of silicon, 0.20 percent of boron, 0.17 percent of zinc, 0.15 percent of molybdenum, 0.16 percent of iron, 0.16 percent of manganese, 0.13 percent of copper, 23.3 percent of organic matters and 4 multiplied by 10 percent of biological bacteria ⁹ Each weight of the fertilizer is per gram, and the balance is fertilizer filler. The customized grape special compound fertilizer is used for a target area, and a certain main stream brand grape special fertilizer is applied to the target area as a control group, so that the yield of the grape applied by the invention is improved by 4.8% and the quality is improved by 20.0% during harvesting.

Example 5: custom design of iron element in special compound fertilizer for lemon in summer in certain area

The soil of the target area is loamy soil and is fertile; the climate condition of the target area is that the annual average temperature is 17.1 ℃, the relative humidity is 86 percent, the annual average total precipitation is 1700 millimeters, and the annual average sunshine time is 1360 hours; the customized special compound fertilizer for the lemon has the requirements of major element content less than 50 percent and higher trace element content when used in summer, and is mainly used for improving the quality of fruits and resisting diseases and insect pests.

Table 5 example 5 big data assignment

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The technical proposal of the invention is adopted to count a large number of target crops and target areasCollecting according to the steps of: because the customized special compound fertilizer for the lemon is not applied to facility agriculture, the carbon dioxide concentration term in meteorological big data is ignored, as shown in table 3, the calculation is carried out to obtain the percentage value of the iron element content in the compound fertilizer as 0.87%, the calculation method of other elements is the same as that of iron, and the slurry method is utilized to prepare the special compound fertilizer for the lemon after the calculation is completed, wherein the elements and the mass percentage content in the special compound fertilizer for the lemon are respectively 17.7% of nitrogen, 13.8% of phosphorus, 18.9% of potassium, 9.81% of sulfur, 0.60% of magnesium, 0.62% of calcium, 0.71% of silicon, 0.18% of boron, 0.16% of zinc, 0.13% of molybdenum, 0.83% of iron, 0.18% of manganese, 0.10% of copper, 24.7% of organic matters and 4 multiplied by 10% of biological bacteria ⁹ Each weight of the fertilizer is per gram, and the balance is fertilizer filler. The customized special compound fertilizer for the lemon is used for a target area, and a certain main stream brand special fertilizer for the lemon is applied to the target area as a control group, so that the yield of the lemon applied by the invention is improved by 7.5% and the quality is improved by 21.1% during harvesting.

Claims

1. The design method for customizing the compound fertilizer by utilizing the big data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the crop basic big data Z comprises a crop basic factor Z ₁ Corresponding to the basic factor Z of crops ₁ Weight b of (2) corresponding to crop foundation factor Z ₁ An exponential factor B of said crop basal factor Z ₁ The value is assigned to the degree of demand of the elements according to different growth stages of the crops; the Z is ₁ The value is 0.1-0.5, the value of b is 0-0.20, and the value range of B is 0.5-5;

the soil big data T comprises a soil factor T _i Corresponding to soil factor T _i Weight a of (2) _i Corresponding to soil factor T _i Is an exponential factor A of (2) _i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The soil factor T _i Comprises soil texture factor, soil structure factor, soil element factor, soil trace element factor and soil Soil organic matter factor, soil microorganism factor, soil moisture factor, soil air factor, soil temperature factor, and soil pH value factor; the soil factor T _i The T is a value respectively assigned according to the influence degree of soil texture, soil structure, soil element, soil trace element, soil organic matter, soil microorganism, soil moisture, soil air, soil temperature or soil pH value _i The value is 0 to 0.5, a _i The value is 0 to 0.3, A _i The value range is 0.5-5, wherein a is ₁ +a ₂ +……a _n ＝0～1，Wherein the value of i is 1-n, n=10;

the compound hypertrophy data H comprises a compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Corresponding compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Weight u of (2) _i Corresponding compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Is an exponential factor D of (2) _i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the compound fertilizer comprises a factor H _i According to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper, and the likeThe contents of the organism and the biological bacteria are respectively assigned values, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are macroelements, sulfur, magnesium, calcium and silicon are macroelements, and boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and copper are microelements; the H is _i The value is 0 to 0.2, u _i The value is 0 to 0.20, D _i The value range is 0.5-5; u (u) ₁ +u ₂ +……u _r ＝0～1，Wherein the value of i is 1-r, and r=15;

W _z ＝(W _L ×F－G _b )/(F－M _b )

wherein F is the total mass of each component element required by crops, G _b For the measured mass, M, of the element in the soil of the target area _b Is the measured total mass of each component element of the compound fertilizer in the soil of the target area, wherein F, G _b 、M _b The unit is Kg;

(4) Customizing a compound fertilizer: the mass percent value W of each element in the customized compound fertilizer calculated according to the step (3) _z And (5) selecting corresponding raw materials to complete the preparation of the customized compound fertilizer.

2. The method for customizing a compound fertilizer by utilizing big data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the growth stage of the crop in the step (1) has a degree of demand y for elements ₁ The value range is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, namely y is more than or equal to 0 ₁ ≤10％、10％＜y ₁ ≤20％、20％＜y ₁ ≤30％、30％＜y ₁ ≤40％、40％＜y ₁ ≤50％、50％＜y ₁ ≤60％、60％＜y ₁ ≤70％、70％＜y ₁ ≤80％、80％＜y ₁ ≤90％、90％＜y ₁ Crop foundation factor Z less than or equal to 100 percent ₁ The corresponding values are 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and 0.50 in sequence from small to large.

3. A method of designing a customized compound fertilizer using big data as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the crop base factor Z ₁ Weight b according to crop pair Z ₁ Degree of dependence y of (2) ₂ Take the value of the dependency y ₂ Is Z ₁ The degree of variation in crop growth caused by the variation, the dependence y ₂ The range of (2) is 0-100%, the average is divided into ten grades, and the ten grades are 0-y from small to large in sequence ₂ ≤10％、10％＜y ₂ ≤20％、20％＜y ₂ ≤30％、30％＜y ₂ ≤40％、40％＜y ₂ ≤50％、50％＜y ₂ ≤60％、60％＜y ₂ ≤70％、70％＜y ₂ ≤80％、80％＜y ₂ ≤90％、90％＜y ₂ Less than or equal to 100 percent; averaging ten values of the value range of b according to the same gear difference value, and comparing the value range with the dependency y ₂ The values of the ten grades of the formula (I) are assigned correspondingly from small to large, the value range of the b is 0 to 0.2, and the values of the ten grades of the formula (II) are 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 from small to large,0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2.0。

4. A method of designing a customized compound fertilizer using big data as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the crop base factor Z ₁ The exponential factor B is according to Z ₁ Rate of change y of (2) ₃ Assigning a value; the rate of change y ₃ Z in one growth period of crops in the fertilizer application period ₁ The ratio of the amount of change to the total amount of the precursor, i.e. the Z ₁ Rate of change y of (2) ₃ ＝(Z _{1 back} —Z _{Front 1} )/Z _{Front 1} Wherein Z is _{Front 1} To start with Z ₁ Is the value of Z _{1 back} For Z at the end of the growth cycle ₁ Is a value of (2); the value of the change rate is divided into y which is more than or equal to 0 ₃ ≤10％、10％＜y ₃ ≤20％、20＜y ₃ ≤30％、30＜y ₃ ≤40％、40＜y ₃ ≤50％、50＜y ₃ ≤60％、60＜y ₃ ≤70％、70＜y ₃ ≤80％、80＜y ₃ ≤90％、90＜y ₃ Ten grades less than or equal to 100 percent, and corresponding values of B are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 in sequence.

5. The method for customizing a compound fertilizer by utilizing big data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil texture factor T ₁ Soil structural factor T ₂ Assigning values to the soil texture and the soil structure of the target area according to the suitability of the crops, namely determining the soil texture and the soil structure suitable for the crops to grow, and determining the suitability value according to the matching degree of the soil texture and the soil structure of the target area and the soil texture and the soil structure suitable for the crops to grow; the suitability is 0-100%, and the average value is ten grades, namely y is more than or equal to 0 ₄ ≤10％、10％＜y ₄ ≤20％、20％＜y ₄ ≤30％、30％＜y ₄ ≤40％、40％＜y ₄ ≤50％、50％＜y ₄ ≤60％、60％＜y ₄ ≤70％、70％＜y ₄ ≤80％、80％＜y ₄ ≤90％、90％＜y ₄ Less than or equal to 100 percent ofT of response ₁ The values are sequentially 0.50, 0.45, 0.40, 0.35, 0.30, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.05; corresponding T ₂ The values are 0.250, 0.235, 0.220, 0.205, 0.190, 0.175, 0.160, 0.145, 0.130 and 0.115 in sequence;

soil moisture factor T ₇ I.e. according to the amount of water in the soil of the target area, i.e. the suitable humidity range for crop growth is determined, the suitable humidity range is equally divided into five steps, i.e. the offset y in the suitable humidity range is deviated from the middle value of the suitable humidity range according to the amount of water in the soil ₅ Is divided into 80% < y ₅ ≤100％、60％＜y ₅ ≤80％、40％＜y ₅ ≤60％、20％＜y ₅ Less than or equal to 40 percent and 0 < y ₅ Five gears less than or equal to 20 percent, corresponding T according to the amount of water in the soil of the target area ₇ Sequentially assigning values of 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1; t corresponding to the condition that the water content in the soil is not less than the upper limit of the proper humidity range ₇ Assigning a value of 0.5, and corresponding T when the amount of moisture in the soil is less than or equal to the lower limit of the suitable humidity range ₇ Assigning a value of 0.1;

the soil air factor T ₈ Including soil CO ₂ Factor T ₈₁ Soil O ₂ Factor T ₈₂ Soil relative humidity factor T ₈₃ Soil reducing gas factor T ₈₄ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Soil CO ₂ Factor T ₈₁ I.e. according to the CO in the soil of the target area ₂ Concentration assignment, if CO in soil ₂ Concentration > CO in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₁ Assigning a value of 0.05, if CO in the soil ₂ Concentration < CO in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₁ Assigning a value of 0.1; soil and method for producing soilO ₂ Factor T ₈₂ I.e. according to the O in the soil of the target area ₂ Concentration assignment, if O in soil ₂ Concentration > O in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₂ Assigning 0.05 if O in soil ₂ Concentration < O in air ₂ Concentration of T ₈₂ Assigning a value of 0.01; soil relative humidity factor T ₈₃ I.e. assigning a value according to the humidity of the soil in the target area, if the relative humidity in the soil is greater than the air humidity, T ₈₃ Assigning a value of 0.05, if the relative humidity in the soil is less than the air humidity, T ₈₃ Assigning a value of 0.01; soil reducing gas factor T ₈₄ Namely, assigning a value according to the concentration of the reducing gas in the soil of the target area, and if the concentration of the reducing gas in the soil is more than the concentration of the reducing gas in the air, then T ₈₄ Assigning a value of 0.05, if the concentration of the reducing gas in the soil is less than the concentration of the reducing gas in the air, T ₈₄ Assigning a value of 0.01;

soil temperature factor T ₉ I.e. according to the temperature of the soil in the target area, i.e. the proper temperature range for crop growth is determined, the proper temperature range is equally divided into five steps, i.e. the offset y in the proper temperature range according to the middle value of the temperature of the soil in the area deviating from the proper temperature range ₆ Is divided into 75% < y ₆ ≤100％、50％＜y ₆ ≤75％、25％＜y ₆ Less than or equal to 50 percent and 0 < y ₆ Four gears less than or equal to 25 percent, corresponding T according to the value of the soil temperature of the target area ₉ Sequentially assigning values of 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05; corresponding T when the temperature of the soil is not less than the upper limit of the proper temperature range ₉ Assigning value to be 0.2, and corresponding T when the temperature of the soil is less than or equal to the lower limit of the proper temperature range ₉ Assigning a value of 0.05;

soil pH value factor T ₁₀ Namely, according to the pH value assignment of the soil in the target area, namely, the proper pH value range for crop growth is determined, the proper pH value range is divided into four gears, namely, the offset y of the middle value of the proper pH value range is deviated from the proper pH value range according to the pH value of the soil in the proper pH value range ₇ Is divided into 75% < y ₇ ≤100％、50％＜y ₇ ≤75％、25％＜y ₇ Less than or equal to 50 percent and 0 < y ₇ Four steps less than or equal to 25 percent, according to the pH value of the soil in the target area,corresponding T ₁₀ Sequentially assigning values of 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05; t corresponding to the condition that the pH value of the soil is not less than the upper limit of the proper pH value range ₁₀ Assigning value to be 0.2, and corresponding T when the pH value of the soil is less than or equal to the lower limit of the proper pH value range ₁₀ The value was 0.05.

6. The method for customizing a compound fertilizer by utilizing big data as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein the soil factor T _i Is an exponential factor A of (2) _i According to T _i Rate of change k of (2) ₅ Assigning a value; the T is _i Rate of change k of (2) ₅ Is T _i The ratio of the change per unit time to the original total, i.e. T _i Rate of change k of (2) ₅ ＝(T _{After i} —T _{Before i} )/T _{Before i} The unit time is one month, wherein T _{Before i} To start with T _i Is of the value T _{After i} Is T after one month _i Is a value of (2); the value of the change rate is divided into k which is more than or equal to 0 ₅ ≤10％、10％＜k ₅ ≤20％、20％＜k ₅ ≤30％、30％＜k ₅ ≤40％、40％＜k ₅ ≤50％、50％＜k ₅ ≤60％、60％＜k ₅ ≤70％、70％＜k ₅ ≤80％、80％＜k ₅ ≤90％、90％＜k ₅ Ten grades less than or equal to 100%, A _i The corresponding values are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 in turn.

7. The method for customizing a compound fertilizer by utilizing big data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weather influencing factor Q _i Is of the illumination factor Q of (2) ₁ Namely, assigning a value according to the illumination intensity of a target area, namely, determining a light compensation point and a light saturation point for crop growth, and equally dividing the illumination intensity range from the light saturation point to the light compensation point into five steps, namely, deviating an offset s from a middle value according to the illumination intensity of the target area in the range from the light compensation point to the light saturation point ₁ Is divided into s which is more than or equal to 0 ₁ ≤20％、20％＜s ₁ ≤40％、40％＜s ₁ ≤60％、60％＜s ₁ ≤80％、80％＜s ₁ Five steps less than or equal to 100%, and according to the offset u of the illumination intensity of the target area from the middle value of the range from the light compensation point to the light saturation point ₁ Corresponding Q ₁ The values are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 in sequence from small to large; q corresponding to the light intensity not less than the light saturation point ₁ Assigning value to be 0.1, and corresponding Q when the illumination intensity is less than or equal to the light compensation point ₁ Assigning a value of 0.5;

the weather influencing factor Q _i Rainfall factor Q of (2) ₃ Namely, according to the rainfall of the target area, if the rainfall penetration ratio in rainfall is more than or equal to 70%, Q ₃ Assigning a value of 0.1, if the proportion of rain penetration in rainfall is less than 70%, Q ₃ Assigning a value of 0.05;

the weather isInfluence factor Q _i Is the evaporation quantity factor Q of (2) ₈ I.e. according to the evaporation capacity of the target area, i.e. evaporation capacity > water supply capacity, Q ₈ When the value is 0.05 and the evaporation capacity is less than or equal to the water supply quantity, Q ₈ Assigning a value of 0.01;

8. The method for customizing a compound fertilizer by utilizing big data as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the weather influencing factor Q _i Is an exponential factor C of (2) _i According to Q _i Rate of change s of (2) ₇ Assigning a value; the Q is _i Rate of change s of (2) ₇ Is Q _i The ratio of the variation per unit time to the original total, i.e. Q _i Rate of change s of (2) ₇ ＝(Q _{After i} —Q _{Before i} )/Q _{Before i} The unit time is one week, wherein Q _{Before i} To start with Q _i Is of the value of Q _{After i} Q after one week _i Is a value of (2); the value of the change rate is divided into s which is more than or equal to 0 ₇ ≤10％、10％＜s ₇ ≤20％、20％＜s ₇ ≤30％、30％＜s ₇ ≤40％、40％＜s ₇ ≤50％、50％＜s ₇ ≤60％、60％＜s ₇ ≤70％、70％＜s ₇ ≤80％、80％＜s ₇ ≤90％、90％＜s ₇ Ten grades less than or equal to 100%, C _i The corresponding values are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 in turn.

9. The method for designing a customized compound fertilizer by using big data according to claim 1, wherein the design value of each major element in the customized compound fertilizer is 6-35%, the design value of each medium element in the customized compound fertilizer is 1-6%, the design value of each trace element in the customized compound fertilizer is 0-1%, the design value of organic matter in the customized compound fertilizer is 0-50%, and the design value of biological bacteria in the customized compound fertilizer is 10 ⁷ ～10 ¹⁰ Each gram, the compound fertilizer composition factor H _i According to the mass of the element in the customized compound fertilizerAssigning a design value of percentage content;

Customizing a design value v of mass percentage contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of macroelements in the compound fertilizer ₁ Is respectively divided into 6 percent to less than or equal to v ₁ ≤8％、8％＜v ₁ ≤11％、11％＜v ₁ ≤14％、14％＜v ₁ ≤17％、17％＜v ₁ Five grades less than or equal to 35 percent, corresponding nitrogen element composition factor H ₁ Elemental phosphorus composition factor H ₂ Potassium element composition factor H ₃ Respectively and correspondingly assigning values of 0.2, 0.18, 0.16, 0.14 and 0.12 in sequence;

10. The method for customizing a compound fertilizer by utilizing big data as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the compound fertilizer composition factor H _i Is an exponential factor D of (2) _i According to H _i Is assigned to the change rate of (a); the H is _i Rate of change v ₇ Is H in one growth period of crops in the fertilizer application period _i The ratio of the amount of change to the total amount of the original, i.e. H _i Rate of change v of (v) ₇ ＝(H _{After i} —H _{Before i} )/H _{Before i} Wherein H is _{Before i} To H at the beginning _i Take the value of H _{After i} H at the end of the growth cycle _i Taking a value; the value of the change rate is divided into v which is more than or equal to 0 ₇ ≤10％、10％＜v ₇ ≤20％、20％＜v ₇ ≤30％、30％＜v ₇ ≤40％、40％＜v ₇ ≤50％、50％＜v ₇ ≤60％、60％＜v ₇ ≤70％、70％＜v ₇ ≤80％、80％＜v ₇ ≤90％、90％＜v ₇ Ten grades less than or equal to 100%, D _i The corresponding values are 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5 in turn.

11. The method for designing a customized compound fertilizer by utilizing big data according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen element raw material used in the preparation of the customized compound fertilizer in the step (4) is one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonia water and industrial and agricultural byproducts containing nitrogen; the phosphorus element raw material is one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, heavy calcium, common calcium and industrial and agricultural byproducts containing phosphorus; the potassium element raw material is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash and industrial and agricultural byproducts containing potassium.