CN109891645A - 催化剂 - Google Patents
催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109891645A CN109891645A CN201780066409.5A CN201780066409A CN109891645A CN 109891645 A CN109891645 A CN 109891645A CN 201780066409 A CN201780066409 A CN 201780066409A CN 109891645 A CN109891645 A CN 109891645A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- nickel
- catalyst
- platinum
- catalyst material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 222
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 196
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 157
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 137
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 75
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 41
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 34
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000037230 mobility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- -1 3,5- xylyl Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N MGK 264 Chemical compound C1=CC2CC1C1C2C(=O)N(CC(CC)CCCC)C1=O WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910002844 PtNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHQVCQDWGSXTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoxycarbonyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enyl carbonate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)OCC=C JHQVCQDWGSXTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003937 Aquivion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000258241 Mantis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLLRIXZGBQOFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xanthorin Natural products C1=C(C)C=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(OC)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O GLLRIXZGBQOFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009134 cell regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000132 electrospray ionisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007783 nanoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009681 x-ray fluorescence measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9058—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of noble metals or noble-metal based alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/98—Raney-type electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201662413192P | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | |
| US62/413,192 | 2016-10-26 | ||
| PCT/US2017/056110 WO2018080794A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2017-10-11 | Catalyst |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109891645A true CN109891645A (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
Family
ID=60191485
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780066409.5A Pending CN109891645A (zh) | 2016-10-26 | 2017-10-11 | 催化剂 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11196055B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP3533097B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2019534146A (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20190069523A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN109891645A (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2018080794A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7076715B2 (ja) | 2016-10-26 | 2022-05-30 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 触媒 |
| US11258074B2 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2022-02-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Pt—Ni—Ir catalyst for fuel cell |
| CN108695523B (zh) * | 2018-05-17 | 2022-05-13 | 天津理工大学 | 一种燃料电池膜电极催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108736020A (zh) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-02 | 天津理工大学 | 一种燃料电池膜电极催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108711626A (zh) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-26 | 天津理工大学 | 一种燃料电池膜电极催化剂及其制备方法 |
| US12435434B2 (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2025-10-07 | Uop Llc | Method for conditioning an electrolysis system |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50143040A (https=) * | 1974-02-19 | 1975-11-18 | ||
| CN1278747A (zh) * | 1997-10-10 | 2001-01-03 | 美国3M公司 | 用于膜电极组合件的催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN1666375A (zh) * | 2002-07-02 | 2005-09-07 | 微电池公司 | 具有防腐蚀集电器的微电池电化学装置和组件及其制造方法 |
| CN1885599A (zh) * | 2005-06-22 | 2006-12-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 抗一氧化碳复合阳极电极催化层结构及制备方法 |
| CN101631614A (zh) * | 2006-10-17 | 2010-01-20 | 路慕斯技术有限公司 | 双金属烷基化催化剂 |
| US20160288102A1 (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2016-10-06 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Multimetallic core/interlayer/shell nanoparticles |
Family Cites Families (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3637437A (en) | 1970-06-03 | 1972-01-25 | Catalytic Technology Corp | Raney metal sheet material |
| US4340276A (en) | 1978-11-01 | 1982-07-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of producing a microstructured surface and the article produced thereby |
| US4447506A (en) | 1983-01-17 | 1984-05-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Ternary fuel cell catalysts containing platinum, cobalt and chromium |
| US4568598A (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1986-02-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article with reduced friction polymer sheet support |
| US5039561A (en) | 1986-08-25 | 1991-08-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for preparing an article having surface layer of uniformly oriented, crystalline, organic microstructures |
| US4812352A (en) | 1986-08-25 | 1989-03-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article having surface layer of uniformly oriented, crystalline, organic microstructures |
| US5068161A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-11-26 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Catalyst material |
| US5338430A (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1994-08-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nanostructured electrode membranes |
| US5759944A (en) | 1993-04-20 | 1998-06-02 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Catalyst material |
| GB9308094D0 (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1993-06-02 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improved catalyst material |
| US6136412A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 2000-10-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microtextured catalyst transfer substrate |
| US5879828A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Membrane electrode assembly |
| US6482763B2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-11-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Suboxide fuel cell catalyst for enhanced reformate tolerance |
| US6805972B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-10-19 | Johns Hopkins University | Method of forming nanoporous membranes |
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- 2017-10-11 JP JP2019522355A patent/JP2019534146A/ja active Pending
- 2017-10-11 KR KR1020197014373A patent/KR20190069523A/ko not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20190069523A (ko) | 2019-06-19 |
| US20190260035A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
| EP3533097A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
| WO2018080794A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
| JP2019534146A (ja) | 2019-11-28 |
| EP3533097B1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
| US11196055B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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