CN109890328B - 双支架 - Google Patents

双支架 Download PDF

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CN109890328B
CN109890328B CN201780066457.4A CN201780066457A CN109890328B CN 109890328 B CN109890328 B CN 109890328B CN 201780066457 A CN201780066457 A CN 201780066457A CN 109890328 B CN109890328 B CN 109890328B
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stent
double
membrane
stents
ring segments
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CN109890328A (zh
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M·诺斯
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Bentley Innomed GmbH
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Mobing GmbH
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/91516—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other the meander having a change in frequency along the band
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
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    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91533—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括同轴支架的双支架，其中第一膜(4)布置在第一内支架(2)和至少两个外支架(3)之间，第二膜(5)布置在所述外支架(3)上，第一膜(4)和第二膜(5)的膜端部在支架(2,3)的端部聚集在一起并折叠到第一支架(2)的内部表面并且牢固地夹持在第一支架(2)的柔性舌部(6)下方。

Description

双支架
本发明涉及一种包括同轴布置的支架的双支架，其中第一膜布置在第一内支架和至少两个外支架之间。该双支架尤其用作支架移植物，用于桥接血管畸形，例如动脉瘤和分流器，但也用于加强不稳定、脆弱或血栓形成的血管壁。此外，它还用作从带支架的血管引出的分支的桥接元件。
用于桥接血管畸形的支架移植物以各种形式已知。通常，它们由完全或部分覆盖有膜的支架组成。膜防止血管的血管畸形，支架使血管保持打开并确保膜与血管壁紧密接触。
支架移植物的一个问题涉及膜到支架的锚固。为此目的开发了双支架，其中膜保持在外支架和内支架之间。在这种双支架的扩张期间，膜参与径向扩张但仍保持夹在两个支架之间。
这种双支架例如从DE19720115A1中公开的内容已知。那里描述的支架已证明其本身的价值，但可以在两个方面得到改进。
一方面，经常遇到紧密性问题，因为膜在双支架扩张期间不与血管壁紧密接触和/或受到损坏。在这两种情况下，双支架都不能满足对其的要求，即闭塞，例如血管畸形。
另一方面，双支架的扩张可能导致两个支架和膜的复合物失去相干性，例如，如果两个支架表现出不同的扩张行为-例如由于局部条件。
而且，这种双支架的可操作性恶化。一个布置在另一个之上的两个相同长度的支架导致硬化，特别是在支架较长的情况下，其在通过和放置在曲折的血管中时会导致问题。
当使用正常的支架移植物时，单个支架的径向力，无论是可扩张型还是自扩张型的球囊，在许多情况下都不足以牢固地锚固膜和/或确保血管的可靠和永久性桥接或扩张。在这些情况下，使用具有增加的径向力的双支架被认为是有利的。这尤其适用于自扩张支架，其通常表现出比球囊可扩张支架更低的径向力。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种双支架，其一方面满足关于紧密性和可靠性的要求，此外在另一方面保证所需的相干性。另外，支架应具有高径向力和良好的柔性。
该目的通过首先在上文提到的那种双支架实现，其中第二膜布置在外支架上，其中第一和第二膜的膜端部在支架的端部处聚集在一起，折叠在第一支架的内侧上，并夹在第一支架的柔性舌部下面。
本发明提出的双支架不仅包括内支架和至少两个外支架，而且还设有内膜和外膜。更重要的是，内支架和外支架在径向力方面相互补充，且在紧密度方面对两个膜进行补充。第二外膜用作第一内膜的保护和补充，使得如果内膜在扩张期间受损，例如撕裂，则外膜能够补偿该缺陷，且反之亦然。此外，外膜将构造物保持在一起，并且将外膜的端部-与内膜的端部一起-锚固在内支架的内侧上有助于元件的相干性。
对于根据本发明使用的支架，可以使用通常的支架设计，例如通常开发用于球囊可扩张和自扩张支架的那些支架设计。对于球囊可扩张支架，可以使用任何常规用于此目的的材料，例如，医用钢合金，钴铬合金等。关于自扩张支架，具有形状记忆特性的材料是特别合适的，例如镍-钛合金。也可以使用由这些材料制成的支架的组合。此外，支架或单独的支架可由塑料制成。塑料和金属支架的组合也是可能的，其中内支架优选地由塑料组成。
由镍钛诺或其他形状记忆合金制成的内支架和由钴铬合金制成的一个或多个外支架的组合是特别优选的。就基本上由外支架提供的径向力而言以及通过内支架保持血管打开而言，这种组合关于借助于球囊导管放置提供了优点。
支架可以编织，但通常使用激光切割技术从合适直径的管切割。它们具有网格结构。
例如，支架可具有由交叉网形成的网格结构。优选由多个曲折环段组成的支架，所述环段通过连接腹板连接到相邻的环段。在这种情况下，也产生网格，其尺寸由存在于两个相邻环段之间的连接腹板的频率决定。这种支架结构适于至少部分地补偿在扩张期间发生的长度减小，这取决于连接腹板的布置和形状。
位于内部第一支架上的柔性舌部可具有各种形状。特别地，柔性舌部指向支架外的方向，即它们指向支架的边缘。这种柔性舌部尤其布置在环段的连接腹板上，薄膜端部被夹持并固定在连接腹板和源自连接腹板的柔性舌部之间。
优选地，柔性舌部被切入连接腹板中，即，将可相对于连接腹板移动。还优选将柔性舌部定位在位于内支架的周边处的连接腹板上，例如将第一周边环段连接到第二相邻周边环段。
将膜末端夹持在内支架的内侧导致可靠地锚固和固定两个膜并加强包括内支架，内膜，外支架和外膜的结合。
适用于该目的的任何生物或人造材料都可用于膜。通常，膜由塑料材料，优选塑料管构成，其被拉过相应的支架。例如，合适的材料是聚四氟乙烯，PTFE，尤其是ePTFE，其具有扩张过程所需的弹性。也可以使用从医学观点来看可以接受的塑料，例如聚酯、聚烯烃、聚氨酯、聚氨酯碳酸酯等。
可以理解，不同的设计可以用于内支架和外支架，且内膜和外膜可由不同的材料制成。
本发明提出的双支架的内支架和外支架-合在一起-优选具有相同的长度和100％的重叠。但是，它们也可以相互偏移-部分重叠-或者具有不同的长度。这些变型导致重叠区域的加强并且在没有重叠的区域中的增加的灵活性，这导致良好的可适应性并且还确保实现牢固的配合。
涉及两个膜的双支架原理自然导致构造的相对高的壁厚，这限制了患者的血管系统中的可操作性。这可以通过选择支架由其切割而来的管的低壁厚—例如在0.05和0.50mm之间的范围内，优选地在0.10和0.20mm之间，特别是约0.15mm—来抵消。腹板宽度也可以减小到例如0.05到0.50mm之间，优选地减小到0.10到0.20mm之间，特别是大约0.15mm。由于使用了两个支架，仍然确保实现了高径向力。
此外，优选地，为外支架提供比内支架的网格更小的网格。以这种方式，在扩张期间产生压缩应力，这对构造的径向力和相干性具有有利影响。这确保实现构造的高强度和耐久性。
应当理解，常规方法用于将双支架放置在靶血管中，通常是球囊导管，双支架在其上卷曲。
本发明的双支架特别适合放置在带支架的血管的分支中，且从而用于桥接在带支架的血管和分支之间形成的空间。
在本发明提供的双支架内，可以布置两个或更多个外支架，每个外支架执行支撑功能。除了例如布置在支架的端部的两个支架之外，第三支架也可以布置在中间。在这种情况下必不可少的是，外支架可彼此相对移动，使得双支架在没有重叠处或外支架彼此邻接处具有增加的柔性。除了在回旋血管中实现优异的可操作性之外，这还使得支撑功能能够适应血管的相应条件。
它还应该进一步更可以理解，外支架的厚度(壁厚)可以不同于内支架的厚度(壁厚)。在这种情况下，内支架的壁厚通常大于外支架的壁厚。
外支架的厚度也可以变化，以满足关于柔性和径向力的要求。
通常，一个接一个地布置的外支架彼此不连接。然而，也可以提供松散的连接，例如通过粘合点或焊接点，铰接连接或万向连接。已知铰接元件用于连接支架。例如，通过借助于两个连接腹板连接两个支架来产生万向连接，所述连接腹板可以彼此面对并且它们优选地具有弯曲或S形构造。
支架可由通常已知的材料制成，例如医用钢、钴铬合金和镍钛合金或其任选组合。也可以使用塑料，例如可再吸收的塑料材料，如它们在现有技术中已知的那样，以及由金属支架和塑料支架组成的组合，例如以金属内支架和由塑料材料制成的几个外支架的形式。
设置有中间膜和固定到内支架内侧的覆盖膜的内支架和多个外支架的组合会导致极其稳定的植入物，其仍然提供高度的柔性。两个膜有助于稳定并允许支架壁保持非常薄。然而，支架表现出良好的径向力。
外支架可根据相应的应用目的的要求进行安排。为了在端部区域实现改进的支撑功能，仅使这些区域重叠就足够了。如果在整个长度上需要加强，则外支架层可以由多个单独的支架组成，这些支架可以如上所述彼此隔绝或连接。
通过示出本发明优选实施例的附图提供了对本发明的进一步说明。不言而喻，图中所示的特征在每种情况下应单独地被视为本发明的一部分，并且不应仅在图中所示的其他特征的背景下理解，其中
图1是根据本发明的支架的示意图；
图2显示了用于膜的夹持原理的变型；和
图3示出了通过本发明提出的支架的壁的截面。
图1中所示的双支架1包括彼此同轴布置的第一内支架2和第二外支架3。外支架3略短于内支架2。双支架显示为未扩张状态。在内支架2和外支架3之间设置第一内膜4，且在外支架3上设置第二外膜5，两个膜均由ePTFE制成。
内膜4和外膜5在它们的端部聚集在一起，并且在两个支架的边缘周围向内折叠到内支架2的腔中。在图中示意性地示出了几个柔性舌部6中的一个，其向内弯曲并且膜端部在其下方突出。为了固定膜端部，柔性舌部6向外弯曲，导致膜端部被夹在它们下面。
在图2中，示出了用于内支架2的支架设计，所述设计提供了两个紧邻周边的相邻布置的环段8，以通过连接腹板7连接在一起。可相对于支架平面移动的柔性舌部6被切入连接腹板7中。
为了增加管状薄膜(未示出)的接触面积，柔性舌部7在自由端区域中具有成角度的构造，这改善了相对于插入的膜的夹持效果。
图3示出了本发明提出的双支架的原理，包括单个内支架2，两个末端定位的支架3和位于中间位置的支架3，以及中间膜4和覆盖膜5，两者均向内折叠起来。

Claims (15)

1.一种双支架，包括同轴布置的支架，其中第一膜（4）布置在一内支架（2）和至少两个外支架（3）之间，其特征在于，第二膜（5）布置在所述外支架（3）上，并且所述第一膜（4）和第二膜（5）的膜端部在所述内支架（2）和所述外支架（3）的端部聚拢在一起，并折叠到所述内支架（2）的内侧上且牢固地夹持在所述内支架（2）的柔性舌部（6）下方，
所述内支架（2）设置有多个环段（8），并且所述至少两个外支架（3）彼此不连接或松散地连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述内支架（2）和所述外支架（3）中的至少一个具有网格结构。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述多个环段（8）并排布置且具有曲折结构，所述多个环段通过腹板（7）彼此连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述柔性舌部（6）在所述内支架（2）的相邻布置的环段（8）之间设置在连接腹板（7）处。
5.根据权利要求4所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述柔性舌部（6）被切入所述连接腹板（7）中。
6.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述柔性舌部（6）指向所述双支架的外部。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述柔性舌部（6）布置在所述内支架（2）的外周端部区域中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述柔性舌部（6）布置在所述内支架（2）的第一末端环段和第二末端环段之间的连接腹板（7）中。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述双支架包括两个外支架（3）。
10.根据权利要求9所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述两个外支架（3）布置在所述双支架的端部。
11.根据权利要求9所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述两个外支架（3）彼此柔性连接。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述外支架（3）具有比所述内支架（2）的结构更致密的结构。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述内支架（2）和所述外支架（3）的腹板在所述内支架（2）和所述外支架（3）之间设置有间隙。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述第一膜（4）和/或所述第二膜（5）由塑料材料构成。
15.根据权利要求11所述的双支架，其特征在于，所述第一膜（4）和/或所述第二膜（5）由ePTFE构成。
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