CN109874582A - A kind of Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati or plantation and the collecting methods of radix polygonati officinalis, include the following steps, (1) field planting: in 10-3 month, Chinese sumac transplantation of seedlings being entered hole, watering ridging；In 3-4 month, in going together between two plants of Chinese sumacs, 3-4 plants of rhizoma polygonatis or radix polygonati officinalis are interplanted；In annual late April, bean is planted between two row Chinese sumacs；(2) it applies fertilizer: in annual 9-10 month, collecting Chinese sumac woods leaf, apply fertilizer after processing to Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis；In annual 12-1 month, radix polygonati officinalis or rhizoma polygonati above-ground plant parts are collected, is applied fertilizer after processing to Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis；(3) it harvests: the annual 8-9 month harvesting Insect-gall of Rhus Chinensis, collected after dry stand-by.The present invention can improve the polysaccharide and saponin content of rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, improve the tanin content in Chinese sumac rhizome in phenolic content and Chinese gall, improve the medical value of Chinese sumac.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis plantation and
Collecting method.
Background technique
Rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, heliophobous plant are Liliaceae, belong to perennial herb, dual-purpose of drug and food, and rhizome is edible medicinal position.
Rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis adaptability are very strong, can resist cold, and like nice and cool moist environment.Good chiltern earth deep with soil layer, fertile, wet
Soil cultivation preferably, can also cultivate in brook, the rich humus-containing thin underwood planting of ditch side soil.It is viscous, the thin arid of heavy or addiction
Soil should not cultivate.Rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis only leaned on the demand for being unable to satisfy to excavate wild resource and increasingly increasing in the past.With wild
The exhaustion of resource has started artificial propagation in production, and has researched and proposed chinquapin-polygonatum cyrtonema or radix polygonati officinalis, China fir-spend more Huang
The cultivation mode of the interplantings such as essence or radix polygonati officinalis, moso bamboo-polygonatum cyrtonema or radix polygonati officinalis.
Chinese sumac is light property plant, has stronger drought-resistance ability, acid soil, neutrality stronger to the adaptability of soil
Soil, alkalescence soil are suitable for Chinese sumac growth.Soil acidity to alkalescence, it is well-drained on the sunny side gentle slope, it is deep with soil layer, soil
Matter is loose fertile, and permeable and water retention property is good, and the low sandy loam of level of ground water is most appropriate.
Currently, Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis are mostly that the mode individually planted carries out, this planting patterns can not
Make full use of cultivated land resource, respective yield is relatively low, since Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis are independent plantations, investment plantation at
This is higher, sufficiently effective cannot utilize in autumn and winter Chinese sumac leaf and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis aerial part, make to a certain extent
At the waste of resource；In addition to this, it is more that weeds in Chinese sumac woods or rhizoma polygonati or the soil of radix polygonati officinalis are planted when individually planting, use
Herbicide pollutes the environment, and increases plantation investment.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, nixed planting is gradually appeared, such as application No. is 201610253552.2 patents of invention
The cultural method of a kind of forest interplanting radix tetrastigme and polygonatum cyrtonema is disclosed, step includes 1) selecting standing forest forest land；2) at standing forest
Reason；3) forest land is handled；4) polygonatum cyrtonema seedling stem selects；5) radix tetrastigme seedling selects；6) polygonatum cyrtonema is cultivated；7) radix tetrastigme is planted
Training；8) it is managed after planting；9) harvest and etc.；Wherein the standing forest is chestnut wood, chinquapin woods or lanceolata forest, the kind of polygonatum cyrtonema
Plant line-spacing is 10-15cm, seedling stem interval 10-15cm, and preferred planting density is line-spacing 10cm, kind stem section and section interval 15cm.
The cultivation mode of this forest land high density interplanting polygonatum cyrtonema between trunk takes full advantage of forest environment and the space Lin Yin,
But there is no solve the problems, such as how to improve interplanting effective ingredients in plant and drug effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the plantations and harvesting of a kind of Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis
Method can improve the polysaccharide and saponin content of rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, improve the tan in Chinese sumac rhizome in phenolic content and Chinese gall
Acid content.
The contents of the present invention the following steps are included:
(1) it is colonized:
A. Chinese sumac: in 10-3 month, select 1-2m high, stalwartness, root system development well, the Chinese sumac that obviously damages of nothing
Seedling by spacing in the rows is 1.5-2m, line-spacing 1.8-2.5m, the hole for digging 50-60cm, and after transplanting Chinese sumac seedling, watering ridging is conducive to
The growth of Chinese sumac seedling.
Because Chinese sumac tree can continuously survive many years, and can be more longer bigger, it will be considered in nursery stock transplanting
Space required for after after growing up, can both be such that Chinese sumac preferably grows in this way, while also subtract the later period because of density
The too big task that need to be transplanted, therefore the gap between adjacent Chinese sumac wants sufficiently wide.
B. in 9-11 month or 3-4 month, in going together between two plants of Chinese sumacs, 3-4 plants of rhizoma polygonatis rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis: are interplanted
Or radix polygonati officinalis, rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis press line-spacing 25-30cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, deep 2-6cm kind is planted in the furrow of field；
Rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, nice and cool, moist, concealment the environment of property happiness, and the soil of Chinese sumac hayashishita side is wet nice and cool, is suitable for
Rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis growth；In addition, tall and big middle forest can also shade for rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, avoids rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis exposes by the sun
It shines.By rhizoma polygonati interplanting in Chinese sumac hayashishita, the growing environment of rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis can be optimized, and then improve the production of rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis
Amount.
C. bean: before Chinese sumac does not grow into forest, in annual late April, between two row Chinese sumacs, by spacing in the rows
30-40cm, depth 4-6cm kind plant bean；
Traditional interplanting method, it will usually several different crops be interlocked to the plantation being spaced together, liked using crop
The different characteristics of yin happiness sun, create the environment of suitable growth to each other.
It is distinguishing with traditional interplanting method to be, in the present invention, the cultivation of the plantation position and bean of rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis
Kind of position is different, and the plantation position of rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis is not in going together between two plants of Chinese sumacs, and in two row Chinese sumacs
Between, plantation is bean line by line.The purpose planted in this way is in order to avoid between rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis and bean
Influence each other, at the same to the greatest extent promote bean root nodule development, while increasing soil fertility, increase rhizoma polygonati or
The polysaccharide and saponin content of radix polygonati officinalis.Wherein, bean plantation there is into following reason between two row Chinese sumacs:
1. the Nodule Growth of bean, development and fixed nitrogen require oxygen, only within the scope of suitable oxygen content, root
Tumor could normal fixed nitrogen.Therefore, if together by bean and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis plantation, the very few root nodule that will lead to of oxygen cannot
Fixed nitrogen, therefore the two must be separated and be planted.
2. the growth and development of root nodule needs certain sunlight, only intensity of illumination is suitable, and plant photosynthetic rate is high, could provide
Energy needed for nutrient needed for Radical extension and fixed nitrogen.If light intensity is weak or illumination is insufficient, plant photosynthetic rate is low, photosynthate
It is few, the nutrient and little energy of root nodule are supplied, it is few and small to will lead to the root nodule to be formed, and activity is low, nitrogen fixing capacity is weak.Based on this original
Cause can not plant bean and the rhizoma polygonati for detesting light or radix polygonati officinalis together.
Through experiments, it was found that planting bean around rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, the root nodule of bean can be Chinese sumac and Huang
Essence or radix polygonati officinalis provide nitrogen source and carbon source, not only promote the growth and development of Chinese sumac, but also improve the polysaccharide of rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis
And saponin content.
It in addition, by the interplanting of Chinese sumac woods and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, can effectively avoid weedy, reduce making for herbicide
With also allowing the relatively sanitary safety of crops while saving labour cost.
(2) it applies fertilizer:
A. the first organic fertilizer: in annual 9-10 month, Chinese sumac woods leaf is collected, it is organic that the decomposed processing of high temperature obtains first
Fertilizer applies the first organic fertilizer to Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis；
B. the second organic fertilizer: in annual 12-1 month, radix polygonati officinalis or rhizoma polygonati above-ground plant parts are collected, high temperature is decomposed to be handled
To the second organic fertilizer, the second organic fertilizer is applied to Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis；
Applying the amount of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer to rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis plant is 50-100g/ nest；To Chinese sumac
It is 3-5kg/ plants that woods, which applies the first organic fertilizer and the amount of the second organic fertilizer,；
Chinese sumac tree is deciduous tree, has flourishing and withering difference of apparent season with rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis plant, therefore the receipts that can be staggered
The time for collecting Chinese sumac woods leaf and rhizoma polygonati or the aerial part of radix polygonati officinalis plant, after the decomposed processing of the organic residue of collection,
Different time carries out top dressing to crop, can make full use of waste material, reduces fertilising cost, enhances soil property, improves Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati
Or the yield of radix polygonati officinalis.
(3) it harvests:
A. Chinese gall: annual 8-9 month Insect-gall of Rhus Chinensis is harvested, is collected for use after dry.
Chinese sumac is Gallnut Aphid host plant, and insect gall, i.e. Chinese gall are formed on sprout and leaf, for tanning, doctor
Medicine, plastics and ink etc. are industrially used.Collecting time be autumn late summer at the beginning of, with Chinese gall has grown up to and the aphid of the inside not yet through
It is best collecting time when goitre wall, Chinese gall at this time is similar to full olive, and appearance is in brown or yellow, with a small amount of greyish white
The Filamentous young pilose antler of color, skin wall thickness about 1cm inside keep wing or have the grey aphid of wing bud.
Chinese gall has astriction, and the tissue of skin, mucous membrane and ulcer can be made by being primarily due to its effective component tannic acid
Protein coagulation.Wherein gallic tanin content is higher, and convergence effect is better, and the different implantation methods of Chinese sumac are to five times
The convergence effect of son has different influences.
B. rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis: after cultivation 3-4, after 10-11 month rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis aerial part are withered, take root
Stem removes aerial part and fibrous root, collects for use after removing mud.
Chinese sumac is Anacardiaceae Rhus defoliation small arbor, records Chinese sumac rhizome function Li Shui according to " Kaibao Bencao " and disappears
Swollen, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain.Modern pharmacology research shows: Chinese sumac rhizome has improvement coronary artery circulation and blood
The effect of rheological characteristic, effective component are the glycoside of phenolic acid, tannin, flavones, triterpene and this several big type compound, and phenolic acid is one
The polyphenol compound of class formation complexity, it is the main component and its main effective substance of Chinese sumac.
Chinese sumac is interplanted together with bean, rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, the root nodule using bean is the life of Chinese sumac
Length provides nitrogen source and carbon source, and the content that can increase the phenolic content in Chinese sumac rhizome, increase tannic acid in Chinese gall improves
Its pharmacy value.
Preferably, the decomposed processing is the decomposed processing of high temperature, and Chinese sumac woods leaf, rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis including that will collect are planted
The aerial part of strain is placed in ventilation, and being dried at 50-60 DEG C to water content is 20-30%, then accumulates in heaps and uses plastics
Film covering, in plastic film edge, application covers soil to completely cut off external environment, handles 20-25 days.This processing method is easy to operate,
It is time-consuming shorter, make to apply in one month after collection organic residue is complete and completes top dressing.
Preferably, the bean includes soybean and mung bean, and the effect of both bean nodule nitrogen fixations is obvious, favorably
In promotion soil fertility.
It preferably, further include field management after the field planting；The field management include annual April, June, August combine in
Weeding carries out top dressing, wherein apply barnyard manure 1000-1500kg per acre after intertillage, calcium superphosphate 20-30kg, nitrogenous fertilizer is each with potash fertilizer
10-20kg.Field planting current year according to circumstances will often water, and keep ground moistening, timely weeding prevents farmland running to weeds, after weeds are dried
It is embedded in root and is nearby used as fertilizer.
Preferably, the field management further includes disease control；The disease mainly has angular leaf spot, brown spot and greyness
Disease, main harm leaf, the disease control is included in annual May and early July and sprays a Bordeaux mixture every other week, described
The weight ratio of copper sulphate, calcium hydroxide and water is 1:1:100, continuous spraying 3-5 times in Bordeaux mixture.
It preferably, further include selection of land before the field planting；The soil of the selection of land is yellow ground loam or red soil.Radix polygonati officinalis or Huang
Essence is wild in the dark and damp place in mountain valley river, hayashishita, bushes and hill roadside, requires soil not stringent, is suitable for slightly sour
Property yellow sand soil in grow, raw, once cultivated land hillside can also plant.Therefore soil layer is preferably selected in the cultivation of Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis
Deep, fertile loose, well-drained yellow ground loam or red soil are advisable.It should not be cultivated in clay, avoid and select soil property glutinous heavy, lean
Thin, the easy ponding of hypsography low-lying and second crop soil.
It preferably, further include field planting preparation before the field planting；The field planting preparation includes choosing wet shade
30-50cm is ploughed deeply in the plot for covering condition, thin smooth, hack site preparation is harrowed, and according to landform trench digging bedding, after playing good ditch conveniently
The management of phase, thin rake do furrow, wherein the wide 1.5-2.0m of furrow, and furrow width 25-30cm, deep 15-20cm, apply fertilizer to the subsoil 1000- after weeding
1500kg/ mus or apply 500-1000kg/ mus of plant ash.
It preferably, further include pretreatment before the rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis field planting, the pretreatment includes taking rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis
Underground rhizome, take the front end of rhizome to cut into chunks, every section of 2-4 section is placed at aeration-drying 1-2 hours, then by rhizome Duan Yu
It is planted for 200-300 kilograms of dosage per acre.Time needed for pretreatment can be reduced sowing rhizoma polygonati, improve the survival of plantation rhizoma polygonati
Rate.
Preferably, the rhizome section plantation further includes pouring water process after the furrow of field, and the water process of pouring is first earthing 3-
5cm, then poured 1 water every 3-5 days and keep ground moistening.
The invention has the benefit that
(1) rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis are drawn into ecological region planting, by bean interplanting around the region, root nodule can be not being influenced
In the case where development, nitrogen source and carbon source are provided for rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, and improve the content of polysaccharide and saponin(e in rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis.
(2) together by Chinese sumac and bean, rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis interplanting, the root nodule using bean is Chinese sumac
Growth provide nitrogen source and carbon source, the content that phenolic content in Chinese sumac rhizome can be increased, increase tannic acid in Chinese gall,
Improve its pharmacy value.
(3) Chinese sumac tree is deciduous tree, has flourishing and withering difference of obvious season with rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis plant, in different time sections pair
Chinese sumac woods leaf and rhizoma polygonati or the aerial part of radix polygonati officinalis plant are collected, and can be obtained after processing for enhancing the organic of soil property
Fertilizer reduces fertilising cost, and improve Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis yield so as to make full use of waste material.
(4) interplanting of Chinese sumac woods and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, is avoided that weedy, is effectively reducing the same of weeding medication
When, save labour cost.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. selecting that soil layer is deep, fertile loose, well-drained yellow ground loam, the wet plot covered is selected, is ploughed deeply
50cm harrows thin smooth, hack site preparation, and according to landform trench digging bedding, thin rake is furrow, furrow wide 2.0m, furrow width 30cm, depth 20cm；It removes
After net weeds, apply fertilizer to the subsoil 1500kg/ mus；
2. in 2 months, the Chinese sumac seedling that selection 2m high, stalwartness, root system development are good, nothing is obviously damaged is by spacing in the rows
2m, line-spacing 2.5m, the hole for digging 60cm, after transplanting Chinese sumac seedling, watering ridging；
3. taking the underground rhizome of rhizoma polygonati March, the front end of rhizome is taken to be cut into several sections, every section of 4 sections are placed in ventilation
2 hours at dry, then rhizome Duan Yu is planted for 300 kilograms of dosage per acre, in going together between two plants of Chinese sumacs, interplanting 4
Strain rhizoma polygonati, rhizoma polygonati press line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, and deep 6cm kind, which is planted, keeps ground moistening in the furrow of field, pouring 1 water every 3 days；
4. between two row Chinese sumacs, planting soybean by spacing in the rows 40cm, depth 6cm kind in annual late April；
5. top dressing is carried out in annual April, June, August combination tillage and weeding, wherein barnyard manure 1500kg is applied per acre after intertillage,
Calcium superphosphate 30kg, nitrogenous fertilizer and each 20kg of potash fertilizer；Field planting current year watered every 3 days, kept ground moistening, and timely weeding prevents grass
Famine is embedded in root and is nearby used as fertilizer after drying weeds；
6. spraying a Bordeaux mixture every other week in annual May and early July, copper sulphate, hydrogen in the Bordeaux mixture
The weight ratio of calcium oxide and water be 1:1:100, continuous spraying 5 times；
7. collecting Chinese sumac woods leaf in annual September part, being placed in ventilation drying to water content is 30%, is then piled into
Heap is simultaneously covered with plastic film, and in plastic film edge, application covers soil to completely cut off external environment, handles 25 days, it is organic to obtain first
Fertilizer applies the first organic fertilizer of 100g to the every nest of rhizoma polygonati, to every plant of application first organic fertilizer of 5kg of Chinese sumac woods；
8. collecting rhizoma polygonati above-ground plant parts annual December, being placed in ventilation drying to water content is 30%, then
It accumulates in heaps and is covered with plastic film, application covers soil to completely cut off external environment in plastic film edge, handles 25 days, obtains the
Two organic fertilizers apply the second organic fertilizer of 100g to the every nest of rhizoma polygonati, to every plant of application second organic fertilizer of 5kg of Chinese sumac woods；
9. harvesting Insect-gall of Rhus Chinensis in annual August part, direct exposure is dry, collects stand-by；
10. after cultivation 4 years, after Yu Shiyue rhizoma polygonati aerial part is withered, takes rhizome, removes aerial part and fibrous root,
It is collected for use after removing mud.
Embodiment 2
1. selecting that soil layer is deep, fertile loose, well-drained red soil, the wet plot covered is selected, 30cm is ploughed deeply,
Thin smooth, hack site preparation is harrowed, according to landform trench digging bedding, thin rake is furrow, furrow wide 1.5m, furrow width 25cm, depth 15cm；Cleared weeds
Afterwards, it applies fertilizer to the subsoil 1000kg/ mus；
2. in 2 months, the Chinese sumac seedling that selection 1m high, stalwartness, root system development are good, nothing is obviously damaged is by spacing in the rows
1.5m, line-spacing 1.8m, the hole for digging 50cm, after transplanting Chinese sumac seedling, watering ridging；
3. taking the underground rhizome of radix polygonati officinalis March, the front end of rhizome is taken to be cut into several sections, every section of 2 sections are placed in ventilation
1 hour at dry, then rhizome Duan Yu is planted for 200 kilograms of dosage per acre, in going together between two plants of Chinese sumacs, interplanting 3
Strain radix polygonati officinalis, radix polygonati officinalis press line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, and deep 2cm kind, which is planted, keeps ground moistening in the furrow of field, pouring 1 water every 3 days；
4. between two row Chinese sumacs, planting mung bean by spacing in the rows 30cm, depth 4cm kind in annual late April；
5. top dressing is carried out in annual April, June, August combination tillage and weeding, wherein barnyard manure 1000kg is applied per acre after intertillage,
Calcium superphosphate 20kg, nitrogenous fertilizer and each 10kg of potash fertilizer；Field planting current year watered every 3 days, kept ground moistening, and timely weeding prevents grass
Famine is embedded in root and is nearby used as fertilizer after drying weeds；
6. spraying a Bordeaux mixture every other week in annual May and early July, copper sulphate, hydrogen in the Bordeaux mixture
The weight ratio of calcium oxide and water be 1:1:100, continuous spraying 3 times；
7. collecting Chinese sumac woods leaf in annual September part, being placed in ventilation drying to water content is 20%, is then piled into
Heap is simultaneously covered with plastic film, and in plastic film edge, application covers soil to completely cut off external environment, handles 20 days, it is organic to obtain first
Fertilizer applies the first organic fertilizer of 50g to the every nest of radix polygonati officinalis, to every plant of application first organic fertilizer of 3kg of Chinese sumac woods；
8. collecting radix polygonati officinalis above-ground plant parts annual December, being placed in ventilation drying to water content is 20%, then
It accumulates in heaps and is covered with plastic film, application covers soil to completely cut off external environment in plastic film edge, handles 20 days, obtains the
Two organic fertilizers apply the second organic fertilizer of 50g to the every nest of radix polygonati officinalis, to every plant of application second organic fertilizer of 3kg of Chinese sumac woods；
9. harvesting Insect-gall of Rhus Chinensis in annual September part, direct exposure is dry, collects stand-by；
10. after cultivation 4 years, after Yu Shiyue radix polygonati officinalis aerial part is withered, takes rhizome, removes aerial part and fibrous root,
It is collected for use after removing mud.
Comparative example 1
The experimental procedure of comparative example 1 is consistent with embodiment 1, but removes step (4), does not plant soybean.
Comparative example 2
The experimental procedure of comparative example 2 is consistent with embodiment 1, but soybean is planted in two plants of salt skins of going together together with rhizoma polygonati
Between wood, rather than by soybean planting between two row difference Chinese sumacs.
Comparative example 3
The experimental procedure of comparative example 3 is consistent with embodiment 1, but removes step (3) and (11), does not plant rhizoma polygonati.
Comparative example 4
The experimental procedure of comparative example 4 is consistent with embodiment 1, singly removes step (3), (4) and (11), do not plant soybean and
Rhizoma polygonati.
Dependence test is carried out for the result of embodiment 1-2 and comparative example 1-4, test method is as follows:
One, the influence for detection plantation soybean to rhizoma polygonati or fragrant solomonseal rhizome polyoses and saponin content, now does following experiment.
1. accurately weighed drying is set in 100ml measuring bottle, be dissolved in water dilution to the DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS reference substance 33mg of constant weight
To scale, shake up to get (containing DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS 0.33mg) in every 1ml；
2. precision measures reference substance solution 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6ml, 10ml plug test tube is set respectively
In, 2.0ml is added water to, is mixed, 0.2% Anthrone Sulphuric acid solution is slowly added dropwise in ice-water bath to scale, mixes, lets cool postposition
10min is kept the temperature in water-bath, is taken out, and is set cooling 10min in ice-water bath immediately, is taken out, using 80% hot ethanol as blank, in 582nm
Absorbance is measured at wavelength；Using absorbance as ordinate, concentration is abscissa, draws the standard curve of polysaccharide, wherein y=
1.266x-0.031 R=0.999；
3. take 60 DEG C of dryings to the rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis fine powder 0.25g of constant weight, it is accurately weighed, it sets in round-bottomed flask, adds 80%
Ethyl alcohol 150ml sets and is heated to reflux 1h in water-bath, filters while hot, and filter residue is washed 3 times, each 10ml with 80% hot ethanol, by filter residue
And filter paper is put back in flask, and water 150ml is added, and is set and is heated to reflux 1h in boiling water bath, filters while hot, filter residue and flask are washed with hot water
4 times, each 10ml, merges filtrate and washing lotion twice, let cool, be transferred in 250ml measuring bottle, add water to scale, shake up, precision takes
1ml sets 10ml tool and fills in dry test tube, and the preparation method of sighting target directrix curve measures extinction from " adding water to 2.0ml " in accordance with the law
Degree is calculated from the weight (mg) containing DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS in test solution is read on standard curve up to rhizoma polygonati or fragrant solomonseal rhizome polyoses
Content；
It dissolves and dilutes 4. 80% ethyl alcohol in 100ml volumetric flask, is added in accurately weighed diosgenin reference substance 9.6mg
To scale, shake up to get (containing diosgenin 0.096mg) in every 1ml；
5. precision measures reference substance solution 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9ml, it is respectively placed in 25ml plug test tube,
Ethyl alcohol is flung in hot bath, and 5% vanillic aldehyde-glacial acetic acid solution (fresh) 0.2ml is added, adds 0.8ml perchloric acid, shakes
Even, after 60 DEG C of heating water bath 15min, ice bath 2min is added 5ml glacial acetic acid, shakes up, and stands 5min, surveys at 550nm wavelength
Determine absorbance.Using absorbance as ordinate, concentration is abscissa, draws total saposins standard curve, wherein y=1.451x-
0.103, R2=0.996；
The rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis 100g for weighing plantation, are ground into powder after drying, and 0.5g rhizoma polygonati or Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome are placed in cone
In shape bottle, 80% ethyl alcohol 20ml, ultrasonic extraction 30min is added, filters, filter paper after suction filtration and filter residue is put into conical flask together
In, then plus 80% ethyl alcohol 20ml, ultrasonic extraction 30min, filter, merging filtrate into 50ml volumetric flask, add 80% ethyl alcohol dissolve
And it is diluted to scale, it shakes up.Precision draws 0.2ml in 25ml tool plug test tube, the preparation method of sighting target directrix curve, from " in hot water
Ethyl alcohol is flung in bath " it rises, absorbance is measured in accordance with the law.Experiment 3 times is repeated, is averaged, calculates total saposins further according to standard curve
Content (mg/g).
Two, it is detection mung bean, rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis on Chinese sumac rhizome, gallic influence, now does following experiment.
1. firstly, tanin content in measurement Chinese gall:
<1>chromatographic condition: chromatographic column: ZORBAX SB-C18Column (4.6 × 250mm, 5 μm)；Mobile phase: pure water (A)-
Methanol (B) (20:80)；Flow velocity: 0.5ml/min；Detection wavelength: 275nm；Column temperature: 25 DEG C；2 μ l of sample volume；
<2>prepared by reference substance solution: precision weighs tannic acid reference substance 0.44mg and is placed in 10ml volumetric flask, with 50% first
Alcohol dissolution is settled to scale, shakes up as stock solution；
<3>prepared by test solution: weighing 4 parts of 0.2g Chinese Galls in the tool plug of 4 250ml with electronic balance precision
In conical flask, the NaAc_HAc buffer solution for the pH4.0 that 20ml is prepared is added, is placed in water-bath in 85 DEG C of thermostat water baths and adds
Pyrohydrolysis 3.5h, cold filtration, precision measure filtrate 1ml in 10ml volumetric flask, add 50% methanol to scale, shake up to obtain the final product；
<4>prepared by standard curve: precision weighs 2.58 μ g of tannic acid reference substance and is placed in 10ml volumetric flask, with ethyl alcohol, water, third
The solution that ketone volume ratio is 69.9%, 29.8%, 0.3% dissolves and is settled to scale, shakes up, according to the chromatostrip of step<1>
Part takes 2,4,6,8,10 μ l different volumes sample introductions respectively, is carried out with quality (X) of the peak area (Y) of tannic acid to standard items linear
It returns, obtains equation y=5719.5x-1924.8 (r=0.9974), the results showed that, tannic acid peak area value and quality have good line
Sexual intercourse, the range of linearity are 0.516~2.58 μ g；
<5>assay: test solution prepared by the method for taking step<3>respectively is surveyed by the chromatographic condition of step<1>
The content for determining tannic acid, is calculated with external standard method.
2. secondly, the phenolic content in measurement Chinese sumac rhizome:
<1>prepared by reference substance solution: accurately weighed gallic acid 25mg is placed in 50mL brown measuring bottle, adds suitable quantity of water super
Sound dissolution, is diluted to scale, shakes up；Again therefrom precision pipette 5mL to 25mL measuring bottle and add water constant volume, shake up to get.
<2>prepared by test solution: taking the Chinese sumac rhizome for being cut into block, crushes, crosses 40 meshes, take powder 0.5g, set
In 50mL stuffed conical flask, 10 times of 60% ethyl alcohol of amount are added, it is accurately weighed；Water-bath refluxing extraction 1.5h, accurately weighed, use
60% ethyl alcohol supplies less loss weight, filtration to get.
<3>total phenolics assay
A) total phenolics coloration method and wavelength measurement
Precision pipettes gallic acid reference substance solution, test solution 1mL respectively, is set in 25mL brown measuring bottle respectively, then
12mL is added water to, is developed the color according to following total phenol coloration methods: P-Mo-Wo acid reagent 1mL is added, finally with 29% sodium carbonate liquor
Constant volume keeps the temperature 35min in 30 DEG C of water after shaking up；Again by test sample and reference substance the chromophoric solution sky equally to handle respectively
White color development system is blank control, is scanned at 400~800nm wavelength, their maximum absorption wavelength is all in 760 nm
Left and right, therefore using 760nm as total phenolics assay wavelength.
B) Specification Curve of Increasing
Precision draws reference substance solution 0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0mL, sets in 25mL measuring bottle, adds water to respectively
12mL to get various concentration reference substance solution.By the method that step a) total phenolics develop the color, develop the color according to the blank of same treatment
System is blank control, its absorbance is measured at 760nm wavelength.Standard curve is established to concentration C with absorbance A, is obtained linearly
Regression equation: A=89.874C+0.0223, r=0.999.The result shows that: gallic acid within the scope of 1.0~10.0 μ g/mL,
Linear relationship is good.
C) total phenolics assay
Test solution is prepared by step<2>, test liquid 1mL is taken to set in 25mL bottles, surveys its extinction by the method for step a)
Degree substitutes into standard curve and calculates, and total phenolics yield is calculated as follows:
Total phenolics yield/%=(total phenol acid content/quality of medicinal material) × 100%.
D) precision test
Precision pipettes test solution and control solution 1mL respectively, is placed in 25mL brown measuring bottle, according to step a)
Coloration method develop the color, with 6 absorbances of ultraviolet specrophotometer METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION.
E) repetitive test
Precision is weighed with crowd Chinese sumac sample 0.5g, and 6 parts, test solution is made by step<2>；Precision pipettes 1mL, presses
It develops the color according to step a), measure its absorbance and substitutes into standard curve calculating, it is average to measure total phenolics in the batch Chinese sumac rhizome
Content.
F) stability test
Precision pipettes test solution and control solution 1mL respectively, is placed in 25mL brown measuring bottle, according to step a)
Colour developing measures sample absorbance in 35,50,70,90,130,150min respectively.
G) recovery test
It takes with repetitive test with crowd 6 parts of Chinese sumac sample 0.5g, is respectively placed in 50mL stuffed conical flask, be added close
Like the reference substance amount (gallic acid 17.8mg) of sample total phenolics amount, test solution is made according to step<2>；Precision is moved
1mL is taken, is developed the color according to step a) coloration method, its absorbance is measured and substitutes into standard curve calculating, measures average recovery rate. <
The measurement of 4 > sample size
Precision is weighed with repetitive test with crowd Chinese sumac sample 0.5g, is measured in parallel 3 parts, is made by step<1>for examination
Product solution；Precision pipettes 1mL, develops the color by step a), using corresponding blank color development system reagent as blank control, measures absorbance
And standard curve is substituted into, calculate total phenol acid content.
Test result is recorded, is shown in Table 1.
1 test result record sheet of table
Our experiments show that as shown in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, polysaccharide and soap of the interplant of bean to rhizoma polygonati around rhizoma polygonati
Glycosides content has a distinct increment, and reason, which may be the root nodule of soybean, provides the nitrogen source and carbon source of other forms for rhizoma polygonati growth,
Promote the development of rhizoma polygonati itself；And as shown in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, soybean cannot mix plantation together with rhizoma polygonati, no
Soybean nodulation then be will lead to for hypoxgia, blade illumination is insufficient, so that it is unknown to show as the facilitation that soybean develops rhizoma polygonati
It is aobvious, it is therefore necessary to block division to be carried out to the plantation of rhizoma polygonati and soybean, by soybean planting around planting rhizoma polygonati block.
By embodiment 1 with the comparison of comparative example 3 it is found that only interplanting Chinese sumac together with soybean, without interplanting rhizoma polygonati
When, the total phenol acid content in Chinese sumac rhizome, the tanin content in Chinese gall decrease when interplanting together compared to three, this can
Can be because rhizoma polygonati can be had an effect by ingredients such as Flavonoid substances in rhizome and amino acid abundant with Chinese sumac,
The total phenol acid content in Chinese sumac rhizome is improved, while improving the tanin content in Chinese gall
By embodiment 1 it is found that Chinese sumac is only planted, without interplanting bean and rhizoma polygonati, salt compared with comparative example 4
Total phenol acid content in the woody body rhizome of skin, the tanin content in Chinese gall are lower when interplanting relatively, this is because interplanting is big
When beans, the root nodule of bean can provide nitrogen source and carbon source for Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati, for Chinese sumac, promote salt skin
The growth and development of wood, improves the total phenol acid content in its rhizome and the tanin content in Chinese gall, can be with for rhizoma polygonati
Improve the polysaccharide and saponin content of rhizoma polygonati.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it is colonized:
A. Chinese sumac: in 10-3 month, selecting the Chinese sumac seedling of 1-2m high, presses spacing in the rows 1.5-2m, line-spacing 1.8-2.5m, digging 50-
Chinese sumac transplantation of seedlings is entered hole, watering ridging by the hole of 60cm；
B. in 9-11 month or 3-4 month, in going together between two plants of Chinese sumacs, 3-4 plants of rhizoma polygonatis or jade rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis: are interplanted
Bamboo, rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis press line-spacing 25-30cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, and deep 2-6cm kind is planted in the furrow of field；
C. it bean: in annual late April, between two row Chinese sumacs, is planted beans by spacing in the rows 30-40cm, depth 4-6cm kind and is planted
Object；
(2) it applies fertilizer:
A. the first organic fertilizer: in annual 9-10 month, Chinese sumac woods leaf is collected, decomposed processing obtains the first organic fertilizer, to salt skin
Wood and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis apply the first organic fertilizer；
B. the second organic fertilizer: in annual 12-1 month, radix polygonati officinalis or rhizoma polygonati above-ground plant parts are collected, decomposed processing, which obtains second, to be had
Machine fertilizer applies the second organic fertilizer to Chinese sumac and rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis；
Applying the amount of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer to rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis plant is 50-100g/ nest；Chinese sumac woods is applied
Adding the amount of the first organic fertilizer and the second organic fertilizer is 3-5kg/ plants；
(3) it harvests:
A. Chinese gall: annual 8-9 month Insect-gall of Rhus Chinensis is harvested, is collected for use after dry；
B. rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis: after cultivation 3-4, after 10-11 month rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis aerial part are withered, take rhizome, remove
Aerial part and fibrous root are removed, is collected for use after removing mud.
2. Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as described in claim 1 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating decomposed processing includes that the Chinese sumac woods leaf, rhizoma polygonati or the aerial part of radix polygonati officinalis plant of collection are placed in ventilation to dry to aqueous
Amount is 20-30%, then accumulates in heaps and is covered with plastic film, and in plastic film edge, application covers soil to completely cut off extraneous ring
Border is handled 20-25 days.
3. Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, feature exist
In: the bean includes soybean and mung bean.
4. Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, feature exist
In: it further include field management after the field planting；The field management includes that annual April, June, August combination tillage and weeding are chased after
Fertilizer, wherein applying barnyard manure 1000-1500kg, calcium superphosphate 20-30kg, nitrogenous fertilizer and each 10-20kg of potash fertilizer after intertillage per acre.
5. Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 4 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating field management further includes disease control；The disease control is included in annual May and early July sprays primary wave every other week
Your more liquid, the weight ratio of copper sulphate, calcium hydroxide and water is 1:1:100, continuous spraying 3-5 times in the Bordeaux mixture.
6. Cortex Eucommiae forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, it is characterised in that:
It further include selection of land before the field planting；The soil of the selection of land is yellow ground loam or red soil.
7. Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, feature exist
In: it further include field planting preparation before the field planting；The field planting preparation includes that thin rake digs furrow, wherein the wide 1.5- of furrow
2.0m, furrow width 25-30cm, deep 15-20cm, applying fertilizer to the subsoil after weeding or applies plant ash 500-1000kg/ by 1000-1500kg/ mus
Mu.
8. Chinese sumac forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, feature exist
In: it further include pretreatment before the rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis field planting, the pretreatment includes the underground rhizome for taking rhizoma polygonati or radix polygonati officinalis, is taken
The front end of rhizome is cut into chunks, and every section of 2-4 section is placed at aeration-drying 1-2 hours, then by rhizome section with 200-300kg/ mus into
Row plantation.
9. Cortex Eucommiae forest interplanting rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 8 or plantation and the collecting method of radix polygonati officinalis, it is characterised in that: described
The plantation of rhizome section further includes pouring water process after the furrow of field, and the water process of pouring is to pour 1 water every 3-5 days to keep ground moistening.
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| CN110583349A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 怀化市九天界生态农业科技有限公司 | Chinese gall cultivation method |
| CN112335479A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-09 | 务川县天门山农业开发有限公司 | Planting method for interplanting lonicera confusa and polygonatum odoratum |
| CN113079931A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-09 | 台江苗菊花蜂业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional planting method for autumn honey source plants |
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Application publication date: 20190614 |