CN109843651A - 用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏 Download PDF

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CN109843651A
CN109843651A CN201780043047.8A CN201780043047A CN109843651A CN 109843651 A CN109843651 A CN 109843651A CN 201780043047 A CN201780043047 A CN 201780043047A CN 109843651 A CN109843651 A CN 109843651A
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insulating
heat
sound
shell
screen
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S·里贝斯
C·卡普龙
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Tyver Product Services And Innovation Co
Cera APS SAS
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Tyver Product Services And Innovation Co
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    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种屏(1)，包括：基于玻璃纤维的热压缩多孔隙三维外壳(2)，纤维通过粘接剂互相连接；基于泡沫的内弹簧层(3)，屏另外具有以下特征：内弹簧层通过反应注塑(RIM)成型，所述内弹簧层在所述外壳上包覆成型；外壳具有的孔隙率设置成使所述泡沫能深入所述外壳的一部分厚度(4)，以便产生密封的表皮(5)；粘接剂基于聚丙烯；外壳(2)包括重量百分比在45‑55％之间的玻璃纤维。

Description

用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏、以及这种隔热隔音屏的装配件和制造隔热隔音屏的方法。
背景技术
已知制造用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏，所述屏包括：
基于玻璃纤维的热压缩多孔隙三维的外壳，玻璃纤维通过热固性的粘接剂如酚树脂互相连接；
弹性可压缩的基于泡沫尤其是聚氨酯的内弹簧层，
所述隔热隔音屏另外具有以下特征：
所述内弹簧层通过反应注塑(RIM)成型，所述内弹簧层在所述外壳上包覆成型；
所述外壳具有的孔隙率设置成使所述泡沫能深入所述外壳的一部分厚度，以便产生密封的表皮，使得：
或者所述隔热隔音屏根据质量-弹簧原理隔音，所述隔热隔音屏另外具有由未被泡沫深入而保持多孔隙的外壳厚度部分所赋予的吸音性能；
或者所述隔热隔音屏的刚度由于泡沫包裹玻璃纤维所带来的加固作用而增强。
这种设置可以减小所述隔热隔音屏的重量，以减轻机动车辆。
实际上，可以考虑使用面密度较小的外壳，而由于在泡沫深入的外壳厚度部分中由泡沫包裹玻璃纤维所带来的加固作用使得不会降低隔热隔音屏的刚度，其中众所周知玻璃纤维用作复合材料中的加强纤维。
另外，由于弹簧层按照尤其是不可延展的、复杂几何形状通过模制而得到，因此弹簧层可以很容易地成形，如对于某些零件例如需由隔热隔音屏防护的油箱或变速箱可发现这类形状。
因此，弹簧层表观面可成形成尽可能接近地与待防护的零件的一壁的形状吻合，这样可以保证优化隔热隔音屏带来的声音和热隔离。
最后，通过泡沫深入到外壳的一部分厚度中来保证外壳与弹簧层之间的密封性。
因此，这种屏能够按照质量-弹簧原理保证隔音防护，另外，未被泡沫浸润的外壳厚度部分能实现吸音。
另外，这种屏能够保证隔热，当希望在一定时间期间在待防护零件周围热量封闭时，可能尤其寻求这种隔热，当车辆发动机停止后希望车辆快速再启动时尤其如此。
但是，使用热固性的粘接剂具有外壳变形能力低的严重缺点。
因此，在将隔热隔音屏装配到需由所述屏防护的零件上的装配作业时，外壳具有断裂的风险。
另外，由于外壳的易破裂特性以及切割工具被热固性的粘接剂阻挡，因而在外壳上的切割作业变得很困难。
最后在这种屏中观察到很难控制泡沫深入的外壳厚度部分，风险在于如果深入的厚度部分太大，则可能破坏与未被泡沫深入的厚度部分的孔隙相关的隔热隔音屏的吸音特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服这些缺点。
为此，根据第一方面，本发明提出一种用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏，所述隔热隔音屏包括：
基于玻璃纤维的热压缩多孔隙三维的外壳，玻璃纤维通过粘接剂互相连接；
弹性可压缩的基于泡沫尤其是聚氨酯的内弹簧层，
所述隔热隔音屏另外具有以下特征：
所述内弹簧层通过反应注塑(RIM)成型，所述内弹簧层在所述外壳上包覆成型；
所述外壳具有的孔隙率设置成使所述泡沫能深入所述外壳的一部分厚度，以便产生密封的表皮，使得：
或者所述隔热隔音屏根据质量-弹簧原理隔音，所述隔热隔音屏另外具有由未被泡沫深入而保持多孔隙的外壳厚度部分所赋予的吸音性能；
或者所述隔热隔音屏的刚度由于泡沫包裹玻璃纤维所带来的加固作用而增强，
粘接剂基于聚丙烯；
外壳包括重量百分比在45-55％之间的玻璃纤维。
利用提出的设置，外壳由于粘接剂的热塑性性质而具有不会使外壳断裂的良好变形能力。
因此，排除了屏装配时外壳断裂的风险。
另外方便了外壳上可能的切割作业。
申请人还观察到，外壳包括重量百分比在45-55％之间的玻璃纤维这一事实允许实现泡沫最佳深入到外壳内，足够的外壳厚度部分保持没有泡沫，这样可以使屏具有令人满意的吸音性能。
根据其它方面，本发明还提出这种屏的装配件和制造这种屏的方法。
附图说明
在下面参照附图1进行的描述中，可了解本发明的其它特征和优点，该附图1是符合一实施例的隔热隔音屏装配在需防护零件上的装配件的示意性剖面图。
具体实施方式
参照该附图1描述用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏1，所述隔热隔音屏包括：
基于玻璃纤维的热压缩多孔隙三维的外壳2，玻璃纤维通过粘接剂互相连接；
弹性可压缩的基于泡沫尤其是聚氨酯的内弹簧层3，
所述隔热隔音屏另外具有以下特征：
所述内弹簧层通过反应注塑(RIM)成型，所述内弹簧层在所述外壳上包覆成型；
所述外壳具有的孔隙率设置成使所述泡沫能深入所述外壳的一部分厚度4，以便产生密封的表皮5，使得：
或者所述隔热隔音屏根据质量-弹簧原理隔音，所述隔热隔音屏另外具有由未被泡沫深入而保持多孔隙的外壳厚度部分所赋予的吸音性能；
或者所述隔热隔音屏的刚度由于泡沫包裹玻璃纤维所带来的加固作用而增强，
粘接剂基于聚丙烯；
外壳2包括重量百分比在45-55％之间的玻璃纤维。
根据一实施例，表皮5的厚度在0.3-1mm之间。
至于外壳2的厚度则可一般为2-3mm之间。
以未示出的方式，可以设置外壳2在它的至少一个表面上设有无纺布保护层。
这种保护层的存在可以给面对包含在外壳2中的玻璃纤维割伤危险的制造操作者提供保护。
这种保护层的面密度尤其是在15-120g/m2之间，其空气通过阻力尤其是在50-180N.s.m-3之间。
利用这些特征，朝向弹簧层3的保护层则基本不会干扰泡沫深入外壳2的厚度部分4以形成表皮5。
根据一未示出的实施例，外壳2的外表面，即与弹簧层3相反的表面，覆有例如以织物为基础的一盖层。
根据一实施例，粘接剂由聚丙烯颗粒形成，以保证纤维按照众多粘接点互相粘接，如下面将解释的。
现在描述这种屏1的装配件，该装配件包括所述隔热隔音屏和待防护的零件6，例如呈油箱或变速箱形式的所述零件由壁7、尤其是板材界定，内弹簧层3的表观面8构形成与所述壁的形状基本吻合，以便能优化声音和热的隔离。
最后描述一种用于制造这种隔热隔音屏1的方法，所述方法包括以下相继步骤：
制备玻璃纤维和聚丙烯颗粒的混合物，相对于玻璃纤维和聚丙烯颗粒总重量的玻璃纤维重量百分比在45-55％之间，所述混合物分散在液体基质中；
利用分散在所述液体基质中的混合物制备连续展开的纤维层片；
将所述纤维层片输入到炉中，以蒸发液体基质并熔融聚丙烯颗粒，以便获得干燥层片；
轧压干燥层片，以压缩所述干燥层片并使玻璃纤维通过聚丙烯互相结合，其中聚丙烯一旦冷却即形成粘接剂；
从压缩的干燥层片的坯件出发，通过在热压模具的两壁之间进行压缩来制成基于玻璃纤维的热压缩多孔隙三维的外壳2，其中所述玻璃纤维通过聚丙烯互相连接；
布置所述外壳贴靠一反应注塑(RIM)模具壁，所述外壳的表观面9朝向所述反应注塑模具壁；
将弹性可压缩的泡沫尤其是聚氨酯前驱体混合物注入所述反应注塑模具限定的模腔内并注塑到所述外壳上；
在泡沫膨胀后使得到的隔热隔音屏1脱模。
这种方法由于使纤维/颗粒混合物分散在液体基质中、然后除去液体基质而属于“造纸”式实施方式。
与另一实施方法相比，这种工艺的优点在于可以使纤维按众多粘接点互相粘接，该另一实施方法在于：使玻璃纤维与用于在熔融后形成粘接剂的聚丙烯纤维共针刺(co-aiguilletage)。
因此，形成干燥层片，然后形成外壳2，该外壳的刚度比通过上述涉及共针刺的方法得到的外壳刚度更大。
因此，泡沫部分地深入外壳2内所带来的屏1的加固得到改善，而所述屏仍保持足够的柔软性以便能够进行装配或者设有切割部，且不会由此导致外壳破坏。
根据一实施例，由面密度为500-800g/m2之间的干燥层片得到外壳2，而在现有技术中，可以由约1000g/m2、甚至更高的面密度的层片得到外壳。
以未示出的方式，可以考虑使该层片连同前面描述过的布置在它的至少一个表面上的至少一无纺布保护层一起被轧压。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于机动车辆的隔热隔音屏(1)，所述隔热隔音屏包括：
基于玻璃纤维的热压缩多孔隙三维的外壳(2)，玻璃纤维通过粘接剂互相连接；
弹性可压缩的基于泡沫尤其是聚氨酯的内弹簧层(3)，
所述隔热隔音屏另外具有以下特征：
所述内弹簧层通过反应注塑(RIM)成型，所述内弹簧层在所述外壳上包覆成型；
所述外壳具有的孔隙率设置成使所述泡沫能深入所述外壳的一部分厚度(4)，以便产生密封的表皮(5)，使得：
或者所述隔热隔音屏根据质量-弹簧原理隔音，所述隔热隔音屏另外具有由未被泡沫深入而保持多孔隙的外壳厚度部分所赋予的吸音性能；
或者所述隔热隔音屏的刚度由于泡沫包裹玻璃纤维所带来的加固作用而增强，
所述隔热隔音屏的特征在于：
粘接剂基于聚丙烯；
外壳(2)包括重量百分比在45-55％之间的玻璃纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔热隔音屏，其特征在于，表皮(5)的厚度在0.3-1mm之间。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的隔热隔音屏，其特征在于，外壳(2)在其至少一个表面上设有无纺布保护层。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的隔热隔音屏，其特征在于，粘接剂由聚丙烯颗粒形成，以保证玻璃纤维按众多粘接点互相粘接。
5.一种如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的隔热隔音屏的装配件，装配件包括所述隔热隔音屏和待防护的零件(6)，所述零件由壁(7)界定，内弹簧层的表观面(8)构形成与所述壁的形状基本吻合，以便能优化声音和热的隔离。
6.一种用于制造如权利要求4所述的隔热隔音屏的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
制备玻璃纤维和聚丙烯颗粒的混合物，相对于玻璃纤维和聚丙烯颗粒总重量的玻璃纤维重量百分比在45-55％之间，所述混合物分散在液体基质中；
利用分散在所述液体基质中的混合物制备连续展开的纤维层片；
将所述纤维层片输入到炉中，以蒸发液体基质并熔融聚丙烯颗粒，以便获得干燥层片；
轧压干燥层片，以压缩所述干燥层片并使玻璃纤维通过聚丙烯互相结合，其中聚丙烯一旦冷却即形成粘接剂；
从压缩的干燥层片的坯件出发，通过在热压模具的两壁之间进行压缩来制成基于玻璃纤维的热压缩多孔隙三维的外壳(2)，其中所述玻璃纤维通过聚丙烯互相连接；
布置所述外壳贴靠一反应注塑(RIM)模具壁，所述外壳的表观面(9)朝向所述反应注塑模具壁；
将弹性可压缩的泡沫尤其是聚氨酯前驱体混合物注入所述反应注塑模具限定的模腔内并注塑到所述外壳上；
在泡沫膨胀后使得到的隔热隔音屏(1)脱模。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，由面密度为500-800g/m2之间的干燥层片得到外壳(2)。
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