CN109810882B - System for producing fungus solid fermentation products in large scale and using method - Google Patents
System for producing fungus solid fermentation products in large scale and using method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for producing a fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale and a using method thereof. The invention takes the detachable incubator as the unit module for fermentation production, each unit module is protected by the microporous filter, the infection and the transmission of pests and microorganisms in the environment are avoided, the fermented product has no harmful organisms, the sanitation degree is high, and the sterilization treatment is not needed. The user can flexibly select the number of the unit modules according to the production scale, which is beneficial to reducing the investment of one-time capital, reducing the production cost and being beneficial to subsequently expanding the production scale. All devices and components in the system can be recycled, the production facility wastes are less, and the environment-friendly advantage is achieved. Compared with the traditional fungus culture devices such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, glass bottles and the like, the fungus culture device has the advantages of more convenient operation, less time consumption, less requirement on human labor and the like in the production links such as culture medium filling, sealing, sterilization, management during fermentation, product harvesting, product processing and the like, reduces the production cost, improves the production efficiency, and has wide application prospect in the fields of producing fungus spore preparations, sporocarp, functional foods and medicines rich in mycelia by fermentation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermentation, and particularly relates to a system for producing a fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale and a using method thereof.
Background
The fungus belongs to eukaryotic microorganisms, the growth, reproduction, nutrition, morphological structure, composition and the like of the fungus are obviously different from those of plants, animals and bacteria, the biggest difference from other three types of organisms is that the cells of the fungus contain abundant and various polysaccharide components, such as chitin, mannan, glucan and the like, some fungus cells can absorb and enrich microelements such as selenium, organic germanium and the like, the polysaccharide and the microelements are proved to have the effects of resisting cancer, oxidation and radiation, enhancing the immunity of a human body, reducing blood fat, reducing blood sugar and the like by modern pharmacological experiments, and the cell bodies, the mycelium, the sporocarp and the contained active components of the fungus become popular raw materials for researching and developing medicines and health-care foods at present. For example, the cordyceps has obvious functions of tonifying lung and kidney, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, benefiting vital essence and resisting oxidation, and is developed into medicaments such as 'Jinshuibao capsule', 'cordyceps cephalosporin capsule', 'cordyceps militaris bacterium powder capsule', 'compound cordyceps sinensis blood-nourishing granule', 'compound cordyceps sinensis kidney-tonifying oral liquid' and the like; hericium erinaceus has obvious effects of resisting digestive ulcer and enhancing immunity, and can be developed into medicines such as 'Weile new granule', 'Hericium erinaceus tablet', 'Hericium erinaceus beverage oral liquid', 'Hericium erinaceus biscuit' and other foods; the black fungus has obvious functions of reducing blood pressure and blood fat, and is developed into health-care foods such as black fungus double-melon blood sugar reducing granules, black fungus compound collagen protein powder and the like; the shiitake mushroom and the tremella have the functions of enhancing the immunity of organisms, resisting tumors and resisting influenza viruses, and are developed into medicines such as shiitake polysaccharide tablets and tremella polysaccharide capsules and health-care foods such as Yuan Tai tablets and health-care oral liquid; poria has effects of invigorating spleen, invigorating qi, resisting tumor, and enhancing immunity, and can be developed into medicine such as pachyman oral liquid and GUIZHIFULING pill, and food such as Poria cake; the coriolus versicolor, the lucid ganoderma, the armillaria tabescens and the grifola frondosa have obvious effects of regulating immunity, protecting liver, resisting hepatitis virus, resisting tumor and the like, and are developed into medicaments such as 'coriolus liver-protecting', lucid ganoderma oral liquid 'and' lucid ganoderma capsule 'and health-care foods such as' lucid ganoderma tea ', double mushroom oral liquid' and 'grifola frondosa oral liquid'. In 2001, the Ministry of health in China lists 11 fungi such as Monascus purpureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida utilis, Paecilomyces hepiali, hirsutella hepiali, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma sinensis, Ganoderma tsugae, etc. in "list of fungi for health food". In recent years, researchers inoculate some fungi on grain, fruit grains and fruit and vegetable fibers for solid fermentation to prepare functional food rich in fungi thalli, and the fungi mycelia are popular.
Some fungi also have the function of antagonizing plant diseases and insect pests, and microbial biological preparation products developed by using active thalli and spores thereof are widely applied to the prevention and the treatment of plant diseases and insect pests, and also need to be obtained by a solid fermentation mode in the production field of agriculture such as field crops, economic crops, flowers, gardening crops and the like.
With the improvement of consumption level and the improvement of food quality standard, higher and higher requirements are put forward on the sanitation and safety of fungus products, so that the culture environment, facilities and technical systems of fungus fermentation need to be improved, the introduction and pollution of harmful microorganisms in the culture process are reduced, and the safety of fungus fermented foods and medicines is guaranteed. At present, the culture modes of fungi are mainly divided into two categories, namely solid fermentation culture and submerged liquid fermentation culture, and the two categories of culture modes have respective advantages, wherein the submerged liquid fermentation culture has the advantages that large-scale production can be realized by using a large-scale liquid fermentation tank, the production efficiency is high, but the submerged liquid fermentation culture can obtain somatic cells or mycelia of the fungi but cannot obtain fruiting bodies, and after the fermentation is finished, the operation of solid-liquid phase separation is required to be carried out to collect the somatic cells or the mycelia.
However, for the solid fermentation culture of fungi, the culture equipment, method and the like are relatively backward, for example, the culture devices are mainly plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic boxes and glass bottles (mainly cans and erlenmeyer flasks), and the disadvantages include small capacity of a single culture device, high pollution rate of harmful organisms, troublesome treatment of fermented products, inconvenient washing of the culture device, large labor input and low production efficiency. However, various solid fermentation tanks on the market are not suitable for solid fermentation culture of fungus products, and are lack of equipment systems for large-scale production, so that solid fermentation equipment and methods are urgently needed to be updated at present, the production efficiency is improved, and the sanitation and safety of the fungus products are improved. Aiming at the defects of the existing solid fermentation equipment and method, the invention develops the equipment system and the method which are suitable for producing the fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale, thereby solving the bottleneck problem which troubles the development of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system for producing a fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale and a using method thereof.
The system for producing the fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale comprises a detachable incubator 1, a connecting pipeline 2, a pipeline valve 3, a short pipe 4, a microporous filter 5, an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuumizing device 9.
The removable incubator 1 is composed of a bottom box 10 and an upper buckle cover 11.
The bottom box is provided with a sealing groove 12, and a sealing rubber pad 13 is arranged in the sealing groove 12.
When the upper buckle cover 10 is buckled and pressed above the bottom box 9, the edge of the opening of the upper buckle cover 10 is just matched with a sealing rubber mat in a sealing groove 11 arranged on the bottom box 9, and the bottom box 9 and the upper buckle cover 10 form a sealable and detachable structure.
The detachable incubator 1 is provided with a spring clamp for fastening the bottom box 10 and the upper buckle cover 11 according to the actual requirement of fermentation production, so that the sealing effect and the bearing performance are improved.
The removable incubator 1 is a core device for fungus fermentation culture, a large space structure is formed between the upper buckle cover 11 and the bottom box 10 after the upper buckle cover and the bottom box are buckled, sufficient air can be temporarily stored to supply oxygen for fungus growth and development, and a fermentation culture medium is placed in the bottom box 10.
The four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11 are respectively provided with an integrated connector 14, the integrated connector 14 is provided with a short pipe 4, the short pipe 4 is connected with a microporous filter 5, and the microporous filter 5 is connected with an adjacent detachable incubator 1, an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 or a vacuumizing device 9 by a connecting pipeline 2.
The detachable incubator 1 can be communicated with four adjacent detachable incubators 1 through the connecting interfaces 14 to form a system communicated with each other in two dimensions of the transverse dimension and the longitudinal dimension, and the detachable incubators 1 on the central shaft and the outer edge of the system which are communicated with each other are used as access points of air, moisture and vacuum, so that the air, moisture and vacuum drying of the whole system which is communicated with each other can be realized.
The function of the microporous filter 5 comprises two aspects: firstly, providing sterile air for the mutually communicated systems, and filtering microorganisms and dust particles in the air; and the other is to divide each removable incubator 1 into relatively independent unit modules for fermentation production. The method has the advantages that any detachable incubator 1 in the system is kept from being polluted in each production link of sterilization, fungus fermentation and product vacuum drying, the cleanness is kept, and the obtained fermentation product does not need to be sterilized.
The gas supply device 6 has two functions: firstly, the mutually communicated system is provided with oxygen-enriched air to meet the requirement of oxygen for growth and propagation of fungi, particularly for development of fruiting bodies; and secondly, generating stirring impact airflow for collecting and harvesting the fungal spores.
The steam generating device 7 has the function of providing high-pressure steam required by damp-heat sterilization for the mutually communicated systems, and performing finishing sterilization on all connecting pipelines 2, pipeline valves 3, microporous filters 5, the detachable incubator 1 and culture media contained in the detachable incubator 1 in the systems.
The moisture generating device 8 has the functions of providing moisture for the mutually communicated system, providing sufficient moisture for growth and propagation of fungi, ensuring the air humidity required by the growth of the fungi, reducing evaporation in a culture medium, and particularly in the growth stage of fruiting bodies of the fungi, wherein the air humidity needs to be continuously maintained in a high-humidity state of 80% -95%, otherwise, the fruiting bodies are poor in growth and the yield is reduced.
The vacuum-pumping device 9 has the function of vacuum-drying the mutually communicated systems, and is suitable for production needs aiming at obtaining dried fungus products. The method has the advantages that the fermentation culture product of the fungi can be dried under the condition that the culture device is not disassembled, damage is reduced, the original form of the product is kept, the commodity value is improved, the traditional culture device needs to collect fresh products and then place the fresh products in drying equipment for drying, the operation steps are complex, and the product damage is easily caused in the product collecting and transferring process.
The pipeline valve 3 is respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline 2 which is connected with each other between the system of the detachable incubator and the air supply device 6, the steam generation device 7, the moisture generation device 8 and the vacuum pumping device 9, and the function of the connecting pipeline comprises two aspects: firstly, the protection function is realized, when the device corresponding to the pipeline valve 3 does not need to be started to work, the pipeline valve 3 is closed to prevent high-temperature fluid, pressure and vacuum from damaging the device; and secondly, the control function is realized, and when the device corresponding to the pipeline valve 3 works, the functions of adjusting the air flow, the steam flow, the moisture flow and the vacuum degree are realized by adjusting the opening degree of the pipeline valve 3.
The application method of the system for producing the fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale comprises the following steps: placing the prepared fermentation medium in a bottom box 10 of the removable incubator 1, wherein the proper filling amount of the fermentation medium is one quarter to three quarters of the volume of the bottom box 10, buckling and pressing an upper buckle cover 11 above the bottom box 10 and enabling the edge of the upper buckle cover 11 to be just matched with a sealing rubber mat 13 in a sealing groove 12 arranged on the bottom box 10; short pipes 4 are arranged on the connecting interfaces 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11, the short pipes 4 are connected with the microporous filter 5, the microporous filter 5 is communicated with the four adjacent detachable culture boxes 1 through connecting pipelines 2 to form a system communicated with each other in the transverse and longitudinal dimensions, the communicated detachable culture boxes 1 are placed in a culture room or a culture box with controllable temperature and illumination, and the communicated detachable culture boxes 1 can be stacked in multiple layers to improve the space utilization rate; the detachable incubator 1 on the upper edge and the outer edge of a central shaft of the system which are communicated with each other is used as an access point of air, moisture and vacuum, and is respectively connected with an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuum pumping device 9 in a parallel way by using a connecting pipeline 2; starting the steam generating device 7, and performing flowing steam sterilization on the whole mutually communicated detachable culture box systems; after the sterilization is finished, the connection ports 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11 are used as inoculation ports, the prepared fungus strains are inoculated under the protection of a flame sterile area or the protection of sterile wind, and the fungus fermentation culture stage is carried out; in the stage of fungus fermentation culture, according to the variety and biological characteristics of the cultured fungus and the requirements of the cultured fungus on oxygen and air humidity, the air supply device 6 and the moisture generation device 8 are started timely to meet the requirements of oxygen and air humidity for growth and development of the fungus; after the fermentation culture of the fungi is finished, starting a vacuumizing device 9 as required to carry out vacuum drying on the fermentation product; the connecting pipelines 2 arranged in each device in the system are disassembled, the upper buckle cover 11 of the detachable incubator 1 is disassembled, the fungus fermentation culture product is collected, and the subsequent processing treatment is carried out on the product according to the requirement; after harvesting, all devices and components in the system can be put into the next fermentation production for use only by cleaning the detachable incubator 1.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention takes the removable incubator as the unit module of fermentation production, each unit module is protected by the microporous filter, the infection of pests and microorganisms in the environment is avoided, even if any unit module is abnormal, other unit modules can not be influenced, the diffusion and the transmission of pollution are avoided, the fermented product has no harmful organisms, the sanitation degree is high, the sterilization treatment is not needed, and the invention is particularly suitable for the production of fungus fermented food.
2. Compared with the traditional fungus culture devices such as plastic bags, plastic bottles and glass bottles, the fungus culture device has the advantages that the fungus culture device is more convenient to operate in production links such as culture medium filling, sealing, sterilization, management during fermentation, product harvesting, product processing and the like, the consumed time is short, the required amount of human labor is small, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. Due to the adoption of the unit module combination mode, a user can flexibly select the number of the unit modules according to the production scale, so that the investment of one-time capital is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the subsequent production scale expansion is facilitated.
4. All detachable incubators can realize mutual UNICOM in the production process, share one set of air feeder, steam generator, moisture generating device, evacuating device, have reduced the input of equipment on the one hand, and on the other hand is through adding automatic control device such as control temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, humidity, but the parameter of accurate control fermentation culture is favorable to realizing automated control, improves the automatic management level of production.
5. All devices and components in the system can be recycled, and the system has the advantages of less waste of production facilities and environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the system for mass production of fungal solid fermentation products according to the present invention, in which the components are integrally connected to each other.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional side view of a removable incubator in the system for mass production of fungal solid fermentation products according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the bottom box of the removable incubator in the system for mass production of fungal solid fermentation products according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the upper cover of the removable incubator in the system for mass production of fungal solid fermentation product according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention relates to a system for producing fungus solid fermentation products in a large scale, which comprises the following components in part by weight: the system comprises a detachable incubator 1, a connecting pipeline 2, a pipeline valve 3, a short pipe 4, a microporous filter 5, a gas supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuumizing device 9. The removable incubator is composed of a bottom box 10 and an upper buckle cover 11, wherein a sealing groove 12 is arranged on the bottom box, a sealing rubber mat 13 is arranged in the sealing groove 12, when the upper buckle cover 11 is buckled and pressed above the bottom box 10, the edge of an opening of the upper buckle cover 11 is just matched with the sealing rubber mat 13 in the sealing groove 12 arranged on the bottom box 10, connecting interfaces 14 are respectively arranged on four sides of the upper buckle cover 11, short pipes 4 are arranged on the connecting interfaces 14, the short pipes 4 are connected with a microporous filter 5, and the microporous filter 5 is connected with the adjacent removable incubator 1, an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuum pumping device 9 by using connecting pipelines 2. The removable incubator 1 is communicated with four adjacent removable incubators 1 through the conjoined interfaces 14 to form a system communicated with each other in two dimensions of the transverse dimension and the longitudinal dimension, the removable incubators 1 on the central axis and the outer edge of the system communicated with each other are used as access points of air, moisture and vacuum, and the whole system communicated with each other is supplied with air, moisture and vacuum for drying.
Placing the prepared fermentation medium in a bottom box 10 of the removable incubator 1, wherein the appropriate filling amount of the fermentation medium is one quarter to three quarters of the volume of the bottom box, buckling and pressing an upper buckling cover 11 above the bottom box 10 and ensuring that the edge of the upper buckling cover 11 is just matched with a sealing rubber mat 13 in a sealing groove 12 arranged on the bottom box 10; short pipes 4 are arranged on the connecting interfaces 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11, the short pipes 4 are connected with the microporous filter 5, the microporous filter 5 is communicated with the four adjacent detachable culture boxes 1 through connecting pipelines 2 to form a system communicated with each other in the transverse and longitudinal dimensions, the communicated detachable culture boxes 1 are placed in a culture room or a temperature control culture box with controllable temperature control illumination, and the communicated detachable culture boxes 1 can be stacked in multiple layers to improve the space utilization rate; the detachable incubator 1 on the upper edge and the outer edge of a central shaft of the system which are communicated with each other is used as an access point of air, moisture and vacuum, and is respectively connected with an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuum pumping device 9 in a parallel way by using a connecting pipeline 2; starting the steam generating device 7, and performing flowing steam sterilization on the whole mutually communicated detachable culture box systems; after the sterilization is finished, the connection ports 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11 are used as inoculation ports, the prepared fungus strains are inoculated under the protection of a flame sterile area or the protection of sterile wind, and the fungus fermentation culture stage is carried out; in the stage of fungus fermentation culture, according to the variety and biological characteristics of the cultured fungus and the requirements of the cultured fungus on oxygen and air humidity, the air supply device 6 and the moisture generation device 8 are started timely to meet the requirements of oxygen and air humidity for growth and development of the fungus; after the fermentation culture of the fungi is finished, starting a vacuumizing device 9 as required to carry out vacuum drying on the fermentation product; the connecting pipelines 2 arranged in each device in the system are disassembled, the upper buckle cover 11 of the detachable incubator 1 is disassembled, the fungus fermentation culture product is collected, and the subsequent processing treatment is carried out on the product according to the requirement; after harvesting, all devices and components in the system can be put into the next fermentation production for use only by cleaning the detachable incubator 1.
Example 2
The method is applied to large-scale solid fermentation production of trichoderma spores.
Most trichoderma can generate a plurality of bioactive substances with antagonistic action on plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and insects, and the trichoderma can inhibit the growth, reproduction and infection of pathogenic bacteria by generating micromolecular antibiotics and macromolecular antibacterial proteins or cell wall degrading enzymes, or induce host plants to generate a self-defense system to obtain disease resistance, improve the stress resistance of crops, promote the plant growth and improve the yield of agricultural products, and is widely used for biological control, biological fertilizer and soil conditioner. The trichoderma has strong capability of producing asexual spores, and the capability of resisting adverse environment and survival capability of the spores are stronger than those of mycelia, so that the trichoderma is subjected to solid fermentation culture to obtain the spores, and the spores are mixed with certain auxiliary materials to prepare a spore preparation, which is a commercialized form widely used at present. The preparation belongs to an ecological preparation, has no toxicity, no residue and high safety performance when being applied to crops, and is relatively friendly to the environment. The existing culture device and method aiming at obtaining trichoderma spores have the following defects: the fermentation tray is used as a culture device, the fermentation tray is placed in a culture chamber in an open mode during culture, the pollution frequency of infectious microbes such as penicillium, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger and the like is high, the spore yield is low due to insufficient fresh air supply in the later stage of fermentation culture, the trichoderma spores scatter polluted air everywhere in the culture chamber after solid fermentation is finished, the trichoderma spores are difficult to collect and have high loss rate, the spores are difficult to dry and have high loss rate, the fermentation device is troublesome to use and treat, mechanization cannot be realized due to the influence of the culture device in the production process, and therefore the labor input amount is large and the production efficiency is low. The above disadvantages are overcome by the technical system of the present invention, which is illustrated by the production of Trichoderma harzianum spores.
Uniformly mixing a prepared fermentation solid culture medium (wheat bran, straw powder, rice bran and corn powder in a mass ratio of 6:2:1:1 to obtain a solid matrix, spraying water while stirring the materials, wherein the water is 1.4-1.5 times of the total mass of the solid matrix to obtain the fermentation solid culture medium), filling the fermentation solid culture medium into a bottom box 10 of a detachable culture box 1, pressing the fermentation solid culture medium to be flat, wherein the filling amount of the fermentation solid culture medium is one third of the volume of the bottom box 10, pressing an upper buckle cover 11 above the bottom box 10, and enabling the edge of the upper buckle cover 11 to be just matched with a sealing rubber mat 13 in a sealing groove 12 arranged on the bottom box 10; short pipes 4 are arranged on the connecting interfaces 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11, the short pipes 4 are connected with the microporous filter 5, the microporous filter 5 is communicated with the four adjacent removable incubators 1 through connecting pipelines 2 to form a system communicated with each other in the transverse and longitudinal dimensions, the communicated removable incubators 1 are placed on a culture rack in a temperature-controllable culture room, and the stacking number of the removable incubators is selected according to the height of each layer of the culture rack; the detachable incubator 1 on the upper edge and the outer edge of a central shaft of the system which are communicated with each other is used as an access point of air, moisture and vacuum, and is respectively connected with an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuum pumping device 9 in a parallel way by using a connecting pipeline 2; starting a steam generating device 7, performing flowing steam sterilization on the whole mutually communicated detachable incubator system, and performing flowing steam sterilization at 121 ℃ for 1-1.5 h; naturally cooling to 25-28 ℃ after sterilization, taking the connection ports on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11 as inoculation ports, inoculating the prepared trichoderma harzianum liquid strain in an injection mode under the protection of a flame sterile zone generated by an alcohol burner, and entering a fermentation culture stage; the fermentation culture stage is divided into a mycelium growth stage and a spore formation stage, in the mycelium growth stage, the culture room is controlled to be 26-28 ℃, the air supply device is started to be 6 times every day (the starting interval is 6-12 hours each time, the maintenance time is 10-20 minutes each time), the moisture generation device is started to be 7 times every day (the maintenance time is 10-20 minutes each time) to maintain the relative humidity of air in the culture room to be 75% -85%, the fermentation culture time is 3-4 d, white and light green hairy mycelia overgrow a fermentation solid culture medium, the management is changed to the spore formation stage, the culture room is opened with windows for ventilation once (15-30 minutes each time) in the morning and evening, the culture room is controlled to be 24-26 ℃, the air supply device is started to be 6 times every day (the starting interval is 4-8 hours each time, the maintenance time is 15-30 minutes each time), the moisture generation device is started to be 8-twice every day (the maintenance time is 5-15 minutes each time) to maintain the relative humidity of air in the culture room to be 50% -70%, and (5) performing fermentation culture for 2-3 d, and finishing the fermentation culture when the surface of the fermentation solid medium is completely covered by the powdery green spore layer. Starting a vacuumizing device, carrying out vacuum drying on a fermentation product, then harvesting dry trichoderma harzianum spores, detaching a microporous filter 5 on a short pipe 4 on a connected interface 14 of a detachable incubator 1 which are communicated with each other, changing the system into a mode that the detachable incubator 1 is directly communicated with each other through the short pipe, and additionally arranging a spore collecting bag on the connected interface 14 of an upper buckle cover 11 of the detachable incubator 1 which is positioned at the outer edge of the system, wherein the spore collecting bag can intercept the trichoderma harzianum spores in air flow and collect and store the trichoderma harzianum spores. And (3) starting the air supply device 6, adjusting the flow of the air supply device 6 to be larger ventilation flow, blowing rapid air flow to the system, enabling the rapid air flow to collide with the inner wall of the detachable culture box 1 to generate vortex stirring force, scattering the trichoderma harzianum spores and enabling the trichoderma harzianum spores to be suspended in the air flow, enabling the trichoderma harzianum spores to finally enter a spore collecting bag along with the air flow to obtain dry and pure trichoderma harzianum spores, and mixing the prepared trichoderma harzianum spores with auxiliary materials according to a certain proportion to prepare a trichoderma harzianum spore preparation without further treatment.
Example 3
Is applied to the large-scale solid fermentation production of the ganoderma lucidum rice food.
Ganoderma lucidum is always identified as fungus with high medicinal value and health care value in China, the use of the ganoderma lucidum as a medicine has a history of more than two thousand years, the traditional Chinese medicine takes the ganoderma lucidum as a good medicine for nourishing and strengthening body, strengthening body resistance and consolidating the constitution, and modern pharmacological experiments prove that the ganoderma lucidum has the effects of resisting oxidation, resisting tumors, resisting digestive tract ulcer, enhancing immunity, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood pressure, conditioning insomnia and the like. The analysis of the components in the mycelium and the fruiting body of the ganoderma shows that the mycelium and the fruiting body both contain polysaccharide, triterpenoid, peptide, amino acid, organic acid, trace elements such as Ge, P, Fe, Ca, Mn and Zn. According to recent research literature, active ingredients such as polyphenol, extracellular polysaccharide, peptide substances for inhibiting the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme and the like can be metabolized and generated in the growth process of ganoderma lucidum mycelia. The ganoderma lucidum product can achieve certain health-care effects of preventing tumors, protecting the liver and delaying senility after being taken for a long time. The mycelium obtained by the solid fermentation technology culture or the functional food rich in the ganoderma lucidum mycelium obtained by the solid fermentation technology has good development prospect and market prospect. The present invention is explained by taking the fermentation production of ganoderma lucidum rice food as an example.
Firstly, preparing a grain culture medium, namely mixing rice and corn grit according to a mass ratio of 2:1, uniformly mixing the materials in proportion, washing the materials by using tap water, soaking the materials for 5-15 min by using hot water at 90-100 ℃, draining water, then subpackaging the materials in a bottom box 10 of a detachable incubator 1, wherein the filling amount of a grain culture medium is one fourth of the volume of the bottom box 10, adding the tap water according to 1.0-1.3 times of the mass of the grain culture medium after draining the water, and buckling and pressing an upper buckle cover 11 above the bottom box 10 to ensure that the edge of the upper buckle cover 11 is just matched with a sealing rubber mat 13 in a sealing groove 12 arranged on the bottom box 10; short pipes 4 are arranged on the connecting interfaces 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11, the short pipes 4 are connected with the microporous filter 5, the microporous filter 5 is communicated with the four adjacent detachable culture boxes 1 through connecting pipelines 2 to form a system communicated with each other in the transverse and longitudinal dimensions, the communicated detachable culture boxes 1 are placed on a culture frame in a culture room with controllable temperature and illumination, and the stacking number of the detachable culture boxes 1 is selected according to the height of each layer of the culture frame; the detachable incubator 1 on the upper edge and the outer edge of a central shaft of the system which are communicated with each other is used as an access point of air, moisture and vacuum, and is respectively connected with an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuum pumping device 9 in a parallel way by using a connecting pipeline 2; starting a steam generating device 7, performing flowing steam sterilization on the whole mutually communicated detachable incubator system, and performing flowing steam sterilization at 121 ℃ for 1-1.5 h; naturally cooling to 25-28 ℃ after sterilization, taking the conjoined interfaces 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11 as inoculation ports, inoculating prepared ganoderma lucidum liquid strains in an injection mode under the protection of an ion wind sterilization machine, and entering a fermentation culture stage; during the fermentation culture period, controlling the temperature of the culture room to be 25-28 ℃ and no illumination, starting the air supply device 2 times every day (the starting interval is 6-12 h every time, and the humidity is maintained for 10-20 min every time), starting the moisture generation device 2 times every day (the humidity is maintained for 5-15 min every time) to maintain the relative humidity of air in the culture room to be 60% -80%, and continuously culturing for 20-25 d until white villous hypha grows over the surface of the grain culture medium, and continuously culturing until the white hypha eats the whole culture medium in the culture room (namely, the white hypha can be observed from any part of the bottom end of the bottom box 10 and completely wraps grains), wherein at the moment, the fermentation culture is finished, so that the fragrant, delicious, soft and delicious ganoderma rice cake without pollution of other glutinous bacteria is obtained, and the detachable culture room 1 can be moved into an A-level clean workshop, and directly cut into blocks and packaged into finished products. After the fermentation is finished, the fermented product can be dried, a vacuumizing device 9 is started to carry out vacuum drying on the fermented product to obtain dry and crisp biscuits, and the dry and crisp biscuits can also be processed into rice flour and then packaged for sale; after the products are harvested, all the devices and components in the system can be put into the fermentation production of the ganoderma lucidum rice food of the next round only by cleaning the detachable incubator 1.
Example 4
Is applied to the large-scale solid fermentation production of the cordyceps militaris.
The cordyceps militaris is called cordyceps militaris, cordyceps militaris and gold grass, belongs to the same genus as cordyceps sinensis, contains effective components such as cordycepin, polysaccharide, amino acid, alkaloid, ergosterol and various trace elements, has biological activities such as tranquilizing and allaying excitement, prolonging sleep, resisting tumor and improving sexual function, and has almost the same active components and efficacy as wild cordyceps sinensis. Wild cordyceps sinensis resources are scarce, artificial culture cannot be performed, the price is high, only few people can buy the cordyceps sinensis to eat, the artificial culture of cordyceps militaris is already realized, the cordyceps sinensis can be artificially cultured in batch by taking silkworm chrysalis, tussah chrysalis, rice, wheat and the like as culture media, the price is relatively low, and the cordyceps sinensis gradually moves to popular dining tables. However, the existing culture device and method for cordyceps militaris have the following defects: the can bottle or the plastic box is used as the culture device, the production capacity of the device is small, the pest pollution rate is high, the product treatment after fermentation is troublesome, the culture device is inconvenient to wash, the labor input amount of people is large, and the production efficiency is low. The above disadvantages are overcome with the technical system of the present invention.
Placing a prepared rice culture medium (prepared by rice and nutrient solution according to the mass ratio of 1 (1.3-1.4)) in a bottom box of a detachable incubator, wherein the filling amount of the rice culture medium is one third of the volume of the bottom box 10, and buckling and pressing an upper buckle cover 11 above the bottom box 10 to ensure that the edge of the upper buckle cover 11 is just matched with a sealing rubber mat 13 in a sealing groove 12 arranged on the bottom box 10; short pipes 4 are arranged on the connecting interfaces 14 on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover 11, the short pipes 4 are connected with the microporous filter 5, the microporous filter 5 is communicated with the four adjacent detachable culture boxes 1 through connecting pipelines 2 to form a system communicated with each other in the transverse and longitudinal dimensions, the communicated detachable culture boxes 1 are placed on a culture frame in a culture room with controllable temperature and illumination, and the stacking number of the detachable culture boxes 1 is selected according to the height of each layer of the culture frame; the detachable incubator 1 on the upper edge and the outer edge of a central shaft of the system which are communicated with each other is used as an access point of air, moisture and vacuum, and is respectively connected with an air supply device 6, a steam generation device 7, a moisture generation device 8 and a vacuum pumping device 9 in a parallel way by using a connecting pipeline 2; starting a steam generating device 7, performing flowing steam sterilization on the whole mutually communicated detachable incubator system, and performing flowing steam sterilization at 121 ℃ for 1-1.5 h; naturally cooling to 23-25 ℃ after sterilization, taking the conjoined connectors 14 on the four side surfaces of the buckle cover 11 as inoculation ports, inoculating the prepared cordyceps militaris liquid strain in an injection mode under the protection of an ion wind sterilization machine, and entering a fermentation culture stage; the fermentation culture stage is divided into a mycelium growth stage and a stroma formation stage, in the mycelium growth stage, the temperature of a culture room is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, no light is applied, an air supply device is started 6 times every day (the starting interval is 6-12 h every time, the time is kept for 10-20 min every time), a moisture generation device is started 8 times every day (the time is kept for 10-20 min every time) to maintain the relative humidity of air in the box to be 70-85 percent and 20 days around, white villous hypha grows over the rice culture medium, in the stroma forming stage, when the color of the mycelium in the box gradually changes from white to orange and the surface has small protrusions, controlling the temperature of the culture room to be 18-22 ℃ and scattered light of 150-900 Lx, starting the air supply device 6 times every day (starting interval is 4-8 h every time, and maintaining for 10-20 min every time), and starting the moisture generation device 8 times every day (maintaining for 10-20 min every time) to maintain the relative humidity of air in the box to be 80% -90%; when the tail ends of the cordyceps militaris stroma expand to be rod-shaped in different degrees and are mature when the color is darker, the fermentation culture is finished, if dried cordyceps militaris needs to be sold, a vacuumizing device 9 is started to carry out vacuum drying on the fermented product, then dried cordyceps militaris products are collected, if fresh cordyceps militaris needs to be sold, fresh cordyceps militaris can be collected, connecting pipelines 2 arranged in each device in the system are disassembled during collection, an upper buckle cover 11 of the detachable culture box 1 is disassembled, cordyceps militaris products are collected, and then the cordyceps militaris products are packaged and sold; after harvesting, all devices and components in the system can be put into the next round of fermentation production and use of cordyceps militaris only by cleaning the detachable incubator 1.
Claims (2)
1. A system for producing fungus solid fermentation products in a large scale is characterized in that: the system for producing the fungus solid fermentation products in a large scale comprises a detachable incubator (1), a connecting pipeline (2), a pipeline valve (3), a short pipe (4), a microporous filter (5), an air supply device (6), a steam generation device (7), a moisture generation device (8) and a vacuumizing device (9); the detachable incubator (1) consists of a bottom box (10) and an upper buckle cover (11); a sealing groove (12) is arranged on the bottom box, and a sealing rubber gasket (13) is arranged in the sealing groove (12); when the upper buckle cover (11) is buckled and pressed above the bottom box (10), the edge of an opening of the upper buckle cover (11) is just matched with a sealing rubber mat (13) in a sealing groove (12) arranged on the bottom box (10), and the bottom box (10) and the upper buckle cover (11) form a sealable and detachable structure; the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover are respectively provided with a conjoined interface (14), the conjoined interface is provided with a short pipe (4), the short pipe (4) is connected with a microporous filter (5), and the microporous filter (5) is connected with an adjacent detachable incubator (1), an air supply device (6), a steam generation device (7), a moisture generation device (8) or a vacuum pumping device (9) by a connecting pipeline (2); the detachable cultivation box (1) can be mutually communicated with four adjacent detachable cultivation boxes (1) through the connecting body interface (14) to form a system which is mutually communicated in two dimensions of the transverse dimension and the longitudinal dimension, the detachable cultivation boxes (1) on the central shaft and the outer edge of the mutually communicated system are used as access points of air, moisture and vacuum, and the air, moisture and vacuum drying of the whole mutually communicated system can be realized.
2. The application method of the system for producing the fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale is characterized in that: the application method of the system for producing the fungus solid fermentation product in a large scale comprises the following steps: placing the prepared fermentation medium in a bottom box (10) of a detachable incubator (1), wherein the appropriate filling amount of the fermentation medium is one quarter to three quarters of the volume of the bottom box (10), buckling and pressing an upper buckling cover (11) above the bottom box (10) and ensuring that the edge of the upper buckling cover (11) is just matched with a sealing rubber gasket (13) in a sealing groove (12) arranged on the bottom box; short pipes (4) are arranged on connecting ports (14) on four side faces of the upper buckle cover (11), the short pipes (4) are connected with a microporous filter (5), the microporous filter (5) is communicated with four adjacent detachable cultivation boxes (1) through connecting pipelines (2) to form a system communicated with each other in two transverse and longitudinal dimensions, the communicated detachable cultivation boxes (1) are placed in a cultivation room or cultivation box with controllable temperature and illumination, and the communicated detachable cultivation boxes (1) can be stacked in multiple layers to improve the space utilization rate; the removable incubator (1) on the upper edge and the outer edge of a central shaft of the system which are communicated with each other is used as an access point of air, moisture and vacuum, and the connecting pipeline (2) is respectively connected with the air supply device (6), the steam generating device (7), the moisture generating device (8) and the vacuumizing device (9) in a parallel way; starting a steam generating device (7) to perform flowing steam sterilization on the whole mutually communicated detachable culture box system; after the sterilization is finished, the connection ports (14) on the four side surfaces of the upper buckle cover (11) are used as inoculation ports, the prepared fungus strains are inoculated under the protection of a flame sterile area or the protection of sterile wind, and the fungus fermentation culture stage is carried out; in the stage of fungus fermentation culture, according to the variety and biological characteristics of the cultured fungus and the requirements of the cultured fungus on oxygen and air humidity, a gas supply device (6) and a moisture generation device (8) are started timely to meet the requirements of the fungus on oxygen and air humidity required by growth and development; after the fungus fermentation culture is finished, starting a vacuumizing device (9) according to the requirement to carry out vacuum drying on the fermentation product; connecting pipelines (2) arranged in each device in the system are disassembled, an upper buckle cover (11) of the detachable incubator (1) is disassembled, fungus fermentation culture products are collected, and the products are subjected to subsequent processing treatment as required; after harvesting, all devices and components in the system can be put into the next fermentation production for use only by cleaning the detachable incubator (1).
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