CN102048025A - Composite leavening agent combining xylanase with multiple strains and method for fermenting straw feed - Google Patents
Composite leavening agent combining xylanase with multiple strains and method for fermenting straw feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite leavening agent combining xylanase with multiple strains and a method for fermenting a straw feed. The leavening agent consists of the following components in part by weight: 4 parts of xylanase, 2 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 parts of propionibacterium, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of lactobacillus plantarum and 1 part of bacillus coagulans, wherein the xylanase can quickly degrade cell walls of straw plants and release nutrient substances; and under the synergistic effects of a plurality of microorganisms, fermentation speed is increased, fermentation period is shortened, fermentation activity is enhanced, protein conversion rate is increased and fermentation cost is lowered. The prepared fermented straw feed has low cellulose content, high protein content, high viable count, long retention period, soft and wet feel, strong acid incense, high palatability and high nutritional value. The problem of low resource utilization ratio of crops such as straws and the like is solved; simultaneously, environmental pollution is reduced; and the leavening agent and the method have high economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of biological fermentation, relate to a kind of composite ferment that is used for fermented stalk feed, and use the new method that zytase associating multi-strain fermentation prepares straw feed.
Background technology
At present, the mankind are being faced with global problems such as scarcity of resources, energy shortage and environmental pollution, many countries are all trying to explore and are furtheing investigate new forms of energy, and biomass energy is the important energy source that the mankind depend on for existence always, occupies considerable status in whole energy resource system.China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural straw resource is very abundant, and annual production reaches 5.560 hundred million tons.Nearly 65%～80% dry can provide energy to animal in the agricultural crop straw, and at present as the less than 10% of feed, and most agricultural crop straws are direct returning to farmland or make fuel usefulness still, has both caused the wasting of resources, again contaminated environment.
Stalk is to be made of a large amount of organic matters and a spot of mineral matter and water, and its organic main component is a carbohydrate, also has a spot of thick protein and crude fat in addition, but inferior quality.Carbohydrate is made of fibrous substance and solable matter, and the former comprises hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin etc., seldom contains vitamin in the stalk.
Because its crude fiber content height, protein, content of mineral substances are low as feed for stalk, and the livestock and poultry digestibility is low, and palatability is poor, thereby has limited its application.The cell membrane of stalk is very solid firmly, the structure height lignifying of cell membrane, and cell membrane constitutes 80% of stalk dry, and the soluble-carbohydrate that is easily utilized by domestic animal, protein, mineral matter and carrotene are few.Stalk cell wall becomes the topmost factor that influences its utilization.
In recent decades, seeking the optimal path of degrading plant stalks both at home and abroad, microbial fermentation is the more method that adopts at present always.Microbial fermented stalk feed is to utilize high vigor microbial bacterial agent, mainly contains some monoids of mould, saccharomycete and bacterium, and the first is utilized the multiple enzyme of mould secretion, simultaneously the fiber substance in the stalk, starch and pectin etc. is converted into various carbohydrates; The 2nd, utilize saccharomycete and lactic acid bacterioid with the further synthetic nutritive value of some composition of stalk higher or palatability material preferably, as protein, amino acid, vitamin, organic acid, UGF etc.But microbial fermented stalk faces three big difficulties, the one, and stalk fermentation generally need utilize tens kinds of microorganism actings in conjunction, and bacterial classification quantity is many, and synergy is difficult to produce a desired effect to each other, and the leavening cost is too high; The 2nd, be difficult to seed selection and be suitable for the still high bacterial classification of straw substrate fermented cellulosic enzyme output, will influence other microorganisms and can not reach its best ferment effect in case the cellulose family production of enzyme is low; The 3rd, must solve degraded end-product synthesizing and the active problem that produces feedback inhibition in the stalk fermentation process to the cellulose fermentoid.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of composite ferment that is used for fermented stalk feed.These composite ferment sum 〉=10
8Cfu/g.
Another object of the present invention is to be provided for the preparation method of the composite ferment bacterium powder of fermented stalk feed.
A present invention also purpose is to provide a kind of new method that zytase associating multi-strain fermentation prepares straw feed of using.
The invention provides following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
A kind of zytase is united the composite ferment of many bacterial classifications, it is characterized in that it is that zytase and many bacterial classifications constitute jointly, and the parts by weight of its each bacterium powder are as follows:
Zytase 3-5 part; Lactobacillus acidophilus 1-2 part; Bacterium acidi propionici 1-2 part; Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2-3 part; Bacillus subtilis 3-4 part; Lactobacillus plantarum 1-2 part; Bacillus coagulans 1-2 part;
Wherein the viable bacteria content of each component is respectively: zytase 3000IU/g; Lactobacillus acidophilus 6.2*10
7Cfu/g, bacterium acidi propionici 2.2*10
8Cfu/g, saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.9*10
8Cfu/g, bacillus subtilis 1.4*10
12Cfu/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 5.0*10
8Cfu/g, bacillus coagulans 5.5*10
11Cfu/g, composite ferment vigor sum 〉=10
8Cfu/g.
Bacterium powder of the present invention is pressed step and is carried out: slant strains → liquid seeds cultivation → seeding tank fermentation → ferment tank → centrifugation somatic cells → vacuum freeze drying → solid bacterium powder product; Wherein each zymotic fluid separates through tube centrifuge, collects bacterium mud, adopts 5% dextrin in aqueous solution and bacterium mud to mix, and vacuum freeze drying obtains solid bacterium powder.
The present invention further discloses the preparation method who is used for the fermented stalk feed composite ferment, it is to be undertaken by following step:
(1) select level of ground water low, physical features is higher, smooth, and drainage condition is good, builds the cellar for storing things near the place of animal house; Highly be 1-2 rice;
(2) under 30 ℃, be 5% sucrose water activation 2h with six kinds of bacterium powder concentration, again with solid zytase powder 3-5 part, salt 1-2 part and corn flour 10% mix wherein, after mixing thoroughly it are sprayed on the stalk that cuts up with a hay cutter into 2～4 centimetres uniformly, mix thoroughly while spraying;
(3) ratio of dried agricultural crop straw and water is 1: 1～1.2, makes the moisture in the stalk remain on 60%～70%;
(4) the stalk layering that will mix dress cellar for storing things is fully treaded behind the dress cellar for storing things and is compressed, and stalk is filled the back with plastic sheeting envelope cellar for storing things, from after to stack 40～50 centimetres thick soil pressure forward real, tight with grave more all around;
(5) fermented stalk feed can be opened the cellar for storing things at 25 ℃ through 7～10 days.
The present invention adopts and prepares straw feed by zytase and 6 strain microorganism fungus kinds (comprising 2 strain acid-producing bacterias, 1 strain zymogenic bacteria, 1 strain protein production bacterium, the disease-resistant health care of 2 strains probio) combined ferment.The zytase that solid state fermentation is produced, often contain other non-starch polysaccharide enzyme (cellulase, dextranase, pectase and mannase etc.) in the fermentation finished product, utilizing zytase is rapid degradation of cell wall, a large amount of many nutriments (protein, starch etc.) that digest that discharge in the cell membrane, simultaneously the macromolecular compound in the agricultural crop straw is degraded to micromolecular glucose, monose, thereby, be translated into mycoprotein rapidly for other microorganisms provide carbon source and energy.It is stable to develop a kind of vigor thus, active high, fermentation period weak point, and the fermented stalk feed long shelf-life of preparation, the cellulose degradation rate height, soft moistening, acid is aromatic strongly fragrant, and good palatability is of high nutritive value, the new method that cost is low.
This invents the at first rapid degradation of cell wall of emergent glycan enzyme energy, a large amount of many characteristics that digest nutriment (protein, starch etc.) that discharge in the cell membrane, macromolecular compound in the agricultural crop straw is degraded to micromolecular glucose, monose, and participate in synergy under can accelerating be translated into mycoprotein in multiple microorganism this moment, the fermented stalk feed long shelf-life that makes preparation, the cellulose degradation rate height, soft moistening, acid is aromatic strongly fragrant, good palatability is of high nutritive value.
Xylan is the important component of plant hemicellulose, and the content in plant cell wall is only second to cellulose, accounts for 35% of dry cell weight.Xylan is a kind of heteroglycan of high isomerism, is difficult to be decomposed, and most of xylan is not used effectively in the stalk, has caused the great wasting of resources and environmental pollution.It is 2～10 xylo-oligosaccharide mixture that zytase can degradation of xylan generates the degree of polymerization, and product has very high economic worth.
Zytase of the present invention is to be obtained by aspergillus niger solid-state machinery fermentation, defective such as solved that solid fermentation labour intensity is big, easily microbiological contamination, production efficiency are low; Have advantages such as small investment, cost are low, non-environmental-pollution simultaneously, realized industrialized production, the crude enzyme preparation of zytase fermenting enzyme vigor more than 3000IU/g is rich in cellulase, and be activity stabilized, and cost is low, and vigor is more than 30001U/g.Enzyme that bacterial strain produces system is complete, is suitable for fodder enzyme.Zytase that this bacterial strain produces has following characteristics:
(1) except producing zytase, also produce enzymes such as acid protease, cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase, each enzyme in use plays synergistic effect.
(2) solid process is produced Xylanase activity height (3000IU/g).Can directly use after the bent oven dry of fermenting-ripening, need not extract, cost is very low.
(3) produce acidic xylan enzyme heat stability, pH stability better.
Four big class bacterial classification (six bacterial strains) and main metabolites and functions of application of the present invention and straw feed fermentation.
(1) acid-producing bacteria
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Fei Shi bacterium acidi propionici, the purpose that acid-producing bacteria adds has following several respects: the one, in order to improve feed taste, strengthen palatability, as lactic acid; The 2nd, organic acid produces, and can suppress varied bacteria growing, prevents that feed is putrid and deteriorated, prolongs the holding time; The 3rd, organic acid can reduce the pH value in the enteron aisle, promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis, slows down gastrointestinal emptying speed, makes nutriment that sufficient digestion time be arranged, and can promote pancreatic juice, choleresis, more helps digesting and assimilating of nutriment.Lactic acid can suppress the disease in the enteron aisle, as diarrhea, indigestion etc., and can suppress the growth of pathogen, spoilage organisms, has stronger health-care efficacy, other organic acid has certain function of health care mostly in varying degrees, volatile fatty acid is the main energy sources of ruminant, account for 60%～70% of gross energy, volatile fatty acid also is the main precursor substance of animal glucose metabolism simultaneously, the existence of these materials, can promote biological metabolism to a certain extent, promote to grow.
(2) zymogenic bacteria
Bacillus subtilis can produce the required various enzymes of animal, comprise amylase, protease, pectase or the like, macromolecular substances in the feed such as starch, protein etc. can be degraded to sugar that animal is easy to digest and assimilate, amino acid etc., and can promote digesting and assimilating of various nutriments effectively.
(3) disease-resistant health care probio
Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum, this two strains bacterium can survive in animal intestinal and breed, can cause suitable microenvironment to beneficial bacterium, strengthen immunity, bacillus can produce aliphatic acid and protein and peptide antagonistic substance, the effectively breeding of the pathogen in the antagonism enteron aisle, keep and regulate the balance of intestinal microenvironment, biological growth and development there is bigger effect, simultaneously, feeding bacillus can promote animal intestinal structure and function maturation, can promote intestinal mucosa wrinkle wall to increase, the sweater lengthening, absorption area increases.Have experiment to show, bacillus can also promote utilization and the promotion animal glycometabolism of animal to glycogen, and can promote the absorption of animal to inorganic salts and vitamin, has very strong health-care effect.
(4) bacterial strain of raising organic protein
In order to increase protein content to straw feed, our seed selection one Accharomyces cerevisiae.This bacterium can utilize inorganic nitrogen well, synthetic organic protein.The growth and breeding of this bacterium has increased the organic protein content of straw feed widely, improved the quality of straw feed, increase the palatability of feed, improve livestock eating speed and food-intake, the organic acid that neutralization part acid-producing bacteria produces, and generation ethyl acetate, fragrance matters such as ethyl hexanoate increase livestock appetite.The more detailed technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The production technology that the zytase Aspergillus niger that the present invention utilizes adopts is as follows:
(1) slant strains is cultivated:
Aspergillus niger strain uses slant medium (g/L): potato 200, glucose 20, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3, epsom salt 1.5, the pH nature, and add 1.5～2.5% agar, inoculum concentration 5～10%, static cultivation is 20～48 hours under 28-30 ℃ of condition, puts into 4 ℃ of refrigerators and preserves.
(2) shake bottle secondary and enlarge cultivation:
Aspergillus niger strain is in 500 milliliters of triangular flask shaking table shaken cultivation, 28～30 ℃ of temperature, and 180～250 rev/mins of rotating speeds, inoculum concentration 1～3% is cultivated 48～60h.Shake bottle and amplify culture medium (g/L): hemicellulose 15～20, NH
4NO
32～4, dusty yeast 2～4, KCL0.4～0.6, K
2HPO
40.5～1.5, FeSO
40.01～0.03, MgSO
47H
2O0.3～0.6, CoCL
20.01～0.03, tween 0.5～1.5, pH5.5.
Pack in the triangular flask by above-mentioned culture medium proportioning components material branch, 100 milliliters every bottle, place high-pressure sterilizing pot then, 121 ℃, sterilized 20 minutes, naturally cooling back inoculated aspergillus niger bacterial classification.
(3) seeding tank amplifies cultivation:
Aspergillus niger strain is bred cultivation in seeding tank, temperature is 28～30 ℃ in the fermentation tank, ventilation 9～13m
3/ h, fermentation tank pressure 0.02～0.09Mpa, inoculum concentration 1～3%, 60～72 hours time.Seeding tank amplifies culture medium (g/L): hemicellulose 20～30, NH
4NO
32～4, corn steep liquor 2～4, KCL0.4～0.6, K
2HPO
40.5～1.5, FeSO
40.01～0.03, MgSO
47H
2O0.3～0.6, CoCL
20.01～0.03, tween 0.5～1.5, pH 5.5.
Pack in the seeding tank by above-mentioned culture medium proportioning components material,, make it cool off inoculated aspergillus niger bacterial classification afterwards naturally through 121 ℃ of sterilizations of three atmospheric pressure 45 minutes.
(4) mixing of materials, material boiling sterilization, aseptic defeated material:
The culture medium (g/Kg) that solid-state fermentation tank is used: maize cob meal (crossing 20 mesh sieves) 300～350, wheat bran 120～140, corn steep liquor 4～6, NH
4NO
32～4, K
2HPO
43～5, MgSO
47H
2O0.4～0.6, water 800～1000, pH 5.0, and each composition in the solid state fermentation raw material is mixed in rotary spherical digester, through 121 ℃ in three atmospheric pressure, sterilize 60 minutes; To in the seeding tank even sprinkling of aspergillus niger be inoculated in the solid state fermentation raw material, aseptic being sent in the solid-state fermenter fermented.
(5) solid-state fermentation tank fermentation:
Temperature is 28～30 ℃ in the fermentation tank, the control of fermentation raw material water content: 60～70%, and air humidity control 75%～85%, ventilation 8～12m
3/ h, solid-state fermenter tank pressure 0.01～0.02Mpa, inoculum concentration 5～10%, fermentation time 72～96 hours.
(6) lixiviate: three～four days solid fermentation material of solid state fermentation takes out, in the impouring lixiviate groove, adds a certain amount of water, the solid fermentation material: water=1: 9 (by weight/volume), carry out about 3 hours lixiviate.
(7) filter: after the lixiviate, supernatant liquor emits earlier, and remaining solid squeezes.Lixiviate supernatant liquor and pressed liquor are filtered through the plate and frame filter.Filtered fluid through plate-frame filtering filters through the wire wound filter, and gained filtrate is put in the storage tank.
(8) film concentrates: filtrate in the storage tank is carried out milipore filter concentrate, ultrafiltration pressure is less than 0.1Mpa, 3 hours/6 tons filtrates of concentration time, and every batch of filtrate is condensed to 300～400 liters.
(9) add carrier: in concentrated enzyme liquid, add starch as carrier, make its final concentration in concentrating enzyme liquid reach 10%, and in homogenate abundant stirring and evenly mixing.
(10) microparticle drying: the concentrated enzyme liquid that will add starch carrier carries out spray-drying through Highspeedcentrifugingandsprayingdrier and makes zytase.The product of this moment is the solid zytase, except containing zytase, also contains enzymes such as acid protease, cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase, and each enzyme plays synergistic effect in the stalk fermentation process.Solid zytase testing index is as follows:
(1) product enzyme activity Xylanase activity 3000IU/g, cellulase activity 280IU/g.
(2) organoleptic indicator: product is yellow pulvis, the color and luster homogeneous.
(3) physical and chemical index: preparation can pass through No. 3 standard screens; Moisture: water content is lower than 8%.
(4) sanitary index: the every gram total number of bacteria of solid enzyme preparation is less than 10,000.The production technology that the various microbial bacteria powder that the present invention utilizes adopt is as follows:
The culture medium that multiple microorganism is used is as follows:
(1) lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus acidophilus
Slant medium (g/L): beef extract 10, peptone 10, glucose 10, yeast extract 5, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2, sodium acetate 5, dibasic ammonium citrate 2, magnesium sulfate 2, milk powder 10, agar 20, pH value 6.0～6.5.
Seed culture medium (g/L): beef extract 10, peptone 10, glucose 10, yeast extract 5, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2, sodium acetate 5, dibasic ammonium citrate 2, magnesium sulfate 2, milk powder 10, pH value 6.0～6.5.
Fermentation medium (g/L): beef extract 10, peptone 15, glucose 15, yeast extract 10, Tween801, lactose 6, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2, sodium acetate 5, dibasic ammonium citrate 2, magnesium sulfate 2, manganese sulfate 50ppm, milk powder 10, pH value 6.0～6.5.
(2) bacterium acidi propionici Propionibacterium acidipropionici
Slant medium (g/L): peptone 5, yeast extract 5, sucrose 10, agar 20, pH value 7.2～7.4.
Seed culture medium (g/L): peptone 5, yeast extract 5, sucrose 10, ammonium phosphate 5, pH value 7.2～7.4.
Fermentation medium (g/L): beef extract 5, peptone 8, yeast extract 2, sucrose 20, sodium chloride 5, pH value 7.4.
(3) bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis
Slant medium (g/L): peptone 10, beef extract 5, sodium chloride 5, agar 20, the pH value is 7.2.
Seed culture medium (g/L): beef extract 5, peptone 10, sodium chloride 5, the pH value is 7.2.
Fermentation medium (g/L): peptone 10, beef extract 5, sodium chloride 7, pH value 7.4.
(4) Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in S accharomyces cerevisiae
Slant medium (g/L): peptone 20, dusty yeast 10, glucose 20, agar 20, pH value 7.2～7.4.
Seed culture medium (g/L): peptone 20, dusty yeast 10, glucose 20, pH value 7.2～7.4.
Fermentation medium (g/L): beef extract 5, peptone 8, dusty yeast 3, glucose 40, ammonium phosphate 6, ammonium sulfate 6, bitter salt 1.1, pH value 7.4.
(5) bacillus coagulans Bacillus coagulans
Slant medium (g/L): peptone 20.0, yeast extract 3.0, glucose 2.0, agar 2.0 is settled to 1L with bran water, and pH 7.0～7.2.
Seed culture medium (g/L): peptone 10.0, yeast extract 10.0, glucose 6.0, bitter salt 0.5, CaCO310.0, pH7.2～7.4.
Fermentation medium (g/L): peptone 10.0, yeast extract 10.0, glucose 6.0, bitter salt 1.0, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.0, manganese sulfate 50ppm, pH 7.0.
(6) Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus acidophilus
Slant medium (g/L): peptone 10, beef extract 5, sodium chloride 5, agar 20, the pH value is 7.2.
Seed culture medium (g/L): beef extract 5, peptone 10, sodium chloride 5, the pH value is 7.4.
Fermentation medium (g/L): beef extract 6, peptone 12, glucose 8, sodium chloride 4, the pH value is 7.
The concrete zymotechnique of various microorganisms is as follows:
(1) strain inclined plane is cultivated:
Lactobacillus acidophilus: draw 1ml bacterium liquid, be transferred in the milk pipe that 10ml 10% milk is housed, 37 ℃, static cultivation 8h.
Except that lactobacillus acidophilus, all the other are identical: get ring bacterium mud streak inoculation on the inclined-plane, cultivate 24h down in 30 ℃.
(2) liquid seeds is cultivated:
Lactobacillus acidophilus: the inoculum concentration with 5% inserts seed in the 135ml tool plug bottle of the fermentation medium that 115ml is housed, 37 ℃ of static cultivation 24h.
Bacterium acidi propionici: the inoculum concentration with 5%～10% inserts seed in the 135ml triangle tool plug bottle of the fermentation medium that 115ml is housed, 30 ℃ of static cultivation 24h
Except that lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici, all the other are identical: the inoculum concentration with 5%～10% inserts seed in the triangular flask of 250ml of the fermentation medium that 40ml is housed, and 30 ℃ of 140r/min cultivate 24h.
(3) the automatic fermentation tank seed culture of bacterial classification 5L:
Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici adopt static cultivation, stir once every 2h, each 5min, and rotating speed is 600r/min.
Outside lactobacillus acidophilus and the bacterium acidi propionici, all the other are identical: press 5% of fermentation tank working volume and insert seed, main control parameters is as follows between yeast phase: 1. dissolved oxygen: 1: 0.5～1,150～250r/min; 2. temperature is 30 ℃; 3. pH7.0;
(4) the automatic fermentation tank culture of bacterial classification 100L and 2000L:
Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici adopt static cultivation, stir once every 2h, each 5min, and rotating speed is 600r/min.
Except that lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici, all the other are identical: press 5%～10% of fermentation tank working volume and insert seed, main control parameters is as follows between yeast phase: 1. dissolved oxygen: regulate 1: 0.5～1,150～250r/min by air velocity and revolution; 2. temperature is 30 ℃; 3. pH7.0;
The preparation technology of starter bacteria powder
Each zymotic fluid separates through tube centrifuge, collects bacterium mud, adopts 5% dextrin in aqueous solution and bacterium mud to mix, and prepares vacuum freeze drying.Open vavuum pump and coolant pump in advance, wait the temperature of cooling chamber to drop to below-45 ℃ after, open the valve of cooling chamber and vacuum chamber, keep connected state.When two room temperatures are constant after below-45 ℃, give the heating plate power supply of cooling chamber, be frozen into solid-state bacterium mud with slow heating.
The method that the more detailed employing composite ferment fermentation of the present invention prepares straw feed is as follows:
The selection level of ground water is low, and physical features is higher, smooth, and drainage condition is good, builds the cellar for storing things near the place of animal house.The shape at cellar for storing things has rectangle, square and circular, and the gateway is the slope.Highly be generally 2 meters.The cellar for storing things diapire is built into brick, stone sand and cement, wants drainage trenching around the cellar for storing things.Stalk cuts up with a hay cutter into 2～4 centimetres.In advance six kinds of bacterium powder are activated 2h with an amount of (30 ℃) sucrose water (its concentration is less than 5%), then solid zytase powder, a small amount of salt and corn flour are mixed wherein, after mixing thoroughly it is sprayed on the stalk uniformly, mix thoroughly while spraying.The ratio of dried agricultural crop straw and water is 1: 1～1.2, and half-dried stalk will add water according to moisture in the former stalk.Moisture method for determination of amount is to grab a stalk firmly to pinch in hand in the stalk, can expressed water but do not have water droplet to flow out to be advisable, to make the moisture in the stalk remain on 60%～70%.With the stalk layering of mixing dress cellar for storing things, to fully tread behind the dress cellar for storing things and compress, pay special attention to can not interspace near Jiao Bi and corner.Stalk is filled the back with plastic sheeting envelope cellar for storing things, from after to stack 40～50 centimetres thick soil pressure forward real, tight with grave more all around.Fermented stalk feed can be opened cellar for storing things (25 ℃) through 7～10 days, got the cellar for storing things to be resealed after material utilizes, and can not all open, and prevented mouldy or secondary fermentation.
Adopt the experiment effect of the prepared composite ferment fermented stalk feed of the present invention as follows:
(1) proterties of fermentation back straw feed:
After the feed fermentation maturation, outward appearance is yellowish-brown, and it is soft and moistening to be held in the hand quality, does not touch with one's hand, and firmly pinching does not have the juice trickling, and the feed group of pinching after loosing one's grip separates easily, gives out to have fragrant vinic acid flavor.Crude protein content brings up to 7.89% by 6.11% of the preceding dry straw of fermentation, has increased by 1.78%; Crude fiber content is reduced to 22.8% by 33.7% of the preceding dry straw of fermentation, has reduced by 10.9%; Organic acid content reaches 2.45% in the feed, and pH is reduced to 3.8 by 7.0 before fermenting; The straw feed that is prepared from, total viable count 〉=10
8Cfu/g.Short 7～10 days of stalk fermentation cycle, to open back, cellar for storing things secondary fermentation probability and reduce, storage life surpasses a week.
(2) straw feed feeding cow effect
Behind the stalk fermentation, feed does not go mouldy and produces certain sour fragrance flavor, becomes the straw feed of livestock happiness food.Fermented feed can make stomach inner pH value descend after being eaten by livestock, is converted into pepsin thereby activate propepsin, promotes the decomposition of protein, reduces gastrointestinal peristalsis, slows down emptying time, thus the raising digestibility.Simultaneously behind the stalk fermentation, the macromolecular substances in the feed such as starch, protein etc. are degraded to sugar that animal is easy to digest and assimilate, amino acid etc., promote milk cow digesting and assimilating various nutriments effectively.
Further specify composite ferment of the present invention below in conjunction with test and improving the straw feed fermenting speed, increase the application of fermentation activity aspect:
Wherein control group is: single microorganism method fermented stalk;
Experimental group is: zytase associating microbial fermented stalk;
Table 1
| Fermentation period | Storage life | Total viable count | |
| Control group | 10-15 days | 5-7 days | ≥10 7cfu/g |
| Test group | 7-10 days | 7-10 days | ≥10 8cfu/g |
The method that employing zytase associating multi-strain fermentation provided by the present invention prepares straw feed compared with prior art has following characteristics:
1. the single microbiological treatment technology of many employings of straw feedization in the past, one of characteristics of the present invention are to use the new technology of enzyme and microorganism fungus kind combined preparation, shorten the stalk fermentation cycle, and the leavening component is few, production cost is low, accelerates the industrialization process of straw feed.
2. the another characteristics of this invention are that the novel fermentation agent that employing is formed (comprising 2 strain acid-producing bacterias, 1 strain zymogenic bacteria, 1 strain protein production bacterium, the disease-resistant health care of 2 strains probio) by zytase and 6 strain microorganism fungus kinds prepares straw feed.The rapid degradation of cell wall of emergent dextranase at first, a large amount of many nutriment (protein that digest that discharge in the cell membrane, starch etc.) characteristic, macromolecular compound in the agricultural crop straw is degraded to micromolecular glucose, monose, participate in synergy under in multiple microorganism this moment, can accelerate to be translated into mycoprotein, solve the problem of end-product of degrading in the stalk fermentation process to the synthetic generation feedback inhibition of cellulose fermentoid, the fermented stalk feed long shelf-life that makes preparation, the cellulose degradation rate height, soft moistening, acid is aromatic strongly fragrant, and good palatability is of high nutritive value.
3. zytase is obtained by the fermentation of aspergillus niger solid-state machinery, the crude enzyme preparation of vigor more than 3000IU/g, activity stabilized, production cost is low, crude enzyme preparation is except containing zytase, also contain enzymes such as acid protease, cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase, each enzyme in use plays synergistic effect.
4. stalk is after fermentation, and crude fibre reduces by 7.1～9.2%.The straw feed of enzyme associating microorganism preparation, total viable count 〉=10
8Cfu/g reaches and reduces the secondary fermentation probability, and storage life surpasses the effect in a week.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and what be illustrated especially is each bacterium source:
Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus acidophilus, numbering IFFI06005; Bacterium acidi propionici Propionibacterium acidipropionici, numbering IFFI.10019; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in S accharomyces cerevisiae, numbering AS2.1151; Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis, numbering AS1.1229; Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus acidophilus, numbering AS1557; Bacillus coagulans Bacillus coagulans, numbering IFFI10067.
Embodiment 1
1, produces the solid zytase
Bacterial classification is cultivated: with aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) serves as that bacterial classification → shaking bottle amplifies a cultural method in production bacterial classification employing test tube slant.
The solid-state machinery fermentation: amplify cultivation by seeding tank, solid-state machinery fermentation tank second order fermentation, temperature is 28～30 ℃ in the control jar, the control of fermentation raw material water content: 60～70%, air humidity controls 75%～85%, ventilation 8～12m
3/ h, tank pressure 0.01～0.02Mpa, inoculum concentration 5～10%, fermentation time 72～96 hours; The culture medium (g/Kg) that solid-state fermentation tank is used: maize cob meal (crossing 20 mesh sieves) 300～350 grams, wheat bran 120～140 grams, corn steep liquor 4～6 grams, NH
4NO
32～4 grams, K
2HPO
43～5 grams, MgSO
47H
2O0.4～0.6 gram, 800～1000 milliliters in water, pH 5.0, through 121 ℃ in three atmospheric pressure, sterilize 60 minutes.
Purify: the solid fermentation material is added a certain amount of flooding, concentrates, adds carrier, microparticle drying, makes the solid enzyme preparation through squeezing, milipore filter.
2, produce multiple microbial bacteria powder
Slant strains → liquid seeds cultivation → seeding tank fermentation → ferment tank → centrifugation somatic cells → vacuum freeze drying → solid bacterium powder product
(1) strain inclined plane is cultivated:
Lactobacillus acidophilus: draw 1ml bacterium liquid, be transferred in the milk pipe that 10ml 10% milk is housed, 37 ℃, static cultivation 8h.
Except that lactobacillus acidophilus, all the other are identical: get ring bacterium mud streak inoculation on the inclined-plane, cultivate 24h down in 30 ℃.
(2) liquid seeds is cultivated:
Lactobacillus acidophilus: the inoculum concentration with 5% inserts seed in the 135ml tool plug bottle of the fermentation medium that 115ml is housed, 37 ℃ of static cultivation 24h.
Bacterium acidi propionici: the inoculum concentration with 5%～10% inserts seed in the 135ml triangle tool plug bottle of the fermentation medium that 115ml is housed, 30 ℃ of static cultivation 24h
Except that lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici, all the other are identical: the inoculum concentration with 5%～10% inserts seed in the triangular flask of 250ml of the fermentation medium that 40ml is housed, and 30 ℃ of 140r/min cultivate 24h.
(3) the automatic fermentation tank seed culture of bacterial classification 5L:
Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici adopt static cultivation, stir once every 2h, each 5min, and rotating speed is 600r/min.
Outside lactobacillus acidophilus and the bacterium acidi propionici, all the other are identical: press 5% of fermentation tank working volume and insert seed, main control parameters is as follows between yeast phase: 1. dissolved oxygen: 1: 0.5～1,150～250r/min; 2. temperature is 30 ℃; 3. pH7.0;
(4) the automatic fermentation tank culture of bacterial classification 100L and 2000L:
Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici adopt static cultivation, stir once every 2h, each 5min, and rotating speed is 600r/min.
Except that lactobacillus acidophilus and bacterium acidi propionici, all the other are identical: press 5%～10% of fermentation tank working volume and insert seed, main control parameters is as follows between yeast phase: 1. dissolved oxygen: 1: 0.5～1,150～250r/min; 2. temperature is 30 ℃; 3. pH7.0;
3, proportioning solid zytase and various microbial bacteria powder
One of form: 4 parts of zytases; 2 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus; 2 parts of bacterium acidi propionicis; 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiaes; 3 parts of bacillus subtilises; 1 part of Lactobacillus plantarum; 1 part of bacillus coagulans.
Two of composition: 5 parts of zytases; 1 part of lactobacillus acidophilus; 2 parts of bacterium acidi propionicis; 3 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiaes; 3 parts of bacillus subtilises; 1 part of Lactobacillus plantarum; 2 parts of bacillus coagulanses.
Three of composition: 3 parts of zytases; 1 part of lactobacillus acidophilus; 2 parts of bacterium acidi propionicis; 3 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiaes; 3 parts of bacillus subtilises; 1 part of Lactobacillus plantarum; 1 part of bacillus coagulans;
Wherein the viable bacteria content of each component is respectively: zytase 3000IU/g; Lactobacillus acidophilus 6.2*10
7Cfu/g, bacterium acidi propionici 2.2*10
8Cfu/g, saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.9*10
8Cfu/g, bacillus subtilis 1.4*10
12Cfu/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 5.0*10
8Cfu/g, bacillus coagulans 5.5*10
11Cfu/g, composite ferment vigor sum 〉=10
8Cfu/g.
The preparation technology of starter bacteria powder
Each zymotic fluid separates through tube centrifuge, collects bacterium mud, adopts 5% dextrin in aqueous solution and bacterium mud to mix, and prepares vacuum freeze drying.Open vavuum pump and coolant pump in advance, wait the temperature of cooling chamber to drop to below-45 ℃ after, open the valve of cooling chamber and vacuum chamber, keep connected state.When two room temperatures are constant after below-45 ℃, give the heating plate power supply of cooling chamber, be frozen into solid-state bacterium mud with slow heating.
4, fermentation preparation straw feed:
The selection level of ground water is low, and physical features is higher, smooth, and drainage condition is good, builds the cellar for storing things near the place of animal house.The shape at cellar for storing things has rectangle, square and circular, and the gateway is the slope.Highly be generally 2 meters.The cellar for storing things diapire is built into brick, stone sand and cement, wants drainage trenching around the cellar for storing things.Stalk cuts up with a hay cutter into 2～4 centimetres.In advance six kinds of bacterium powder are activated 2h with an amount of (30 ℃) sucrose water (its concentration is less than 5%), then solid zytase powder, a small amount of salt and corn flour are mixed wherein, after mixing thoroughly it is sprayed on the stalk uniformly, mix thoroughly while spraying.The ratio of dried agricultural crop straw and water is 1: 1～1.2, and half-dried stalk will add water according to moisture in the former stalk.Moisture method for determination of amount is to grab a stalk firmly to pinch in hand in the stalk, can expressed water but do not have water droplet to flow out to be advisable, to make the moisture in the stalk remain on 60%～70%.With the stalk layering of mixing dress cellar for storing things, to fully tread behind the dress cellar for storing things and compress, pay special attention to can not interspace near Jiao Bi and corner.Stalk is filled the back with plastic sheeting envelope cellar for storing things, from after to stack 40～50 centimetres thick soil pressure forward real, tight with grave more all around.Fermented stalk feed can be opened cellar for storing things (25 ℃) through 7～10 days, got the cellar for storing things to be resealed after material utilizes, and can not all open, and prevented mouldy or secondary fermentation.
5, measure the fermented stalk proterties
Crude protein content brings up to 7.89% by 4.11% of the preceding dry straw of fermentation, has increased by 3.78%; Crude fiber content is reduced to 22.8% by 36.7% of the preceding dry straw of fermentation, has reduced by 13.9%; Organic acid content reaches 2.45% in the feed, and pH is reduced to 3.8 by 7.0 before fermenting; The straw feed that is prepared from, total viable count 〉=10
8Cfu/g.Short 7～10 days of stalk fermentation cycle, to open back, cellar for storing things secondary fermentation probability and reduce, storage life surpasses a week.
6, straw feed feeding cow effect
Behind the stalk fermentation, feed does not go mouldy and produces certain sour fragrance flavor, becomes the straw feed of livestock happiness food.Fermented feed can make stomach inner pH value descend after being eaten by livestock, is converted into pepsin thereby activate propepsin, promotes the decomposition of protein, reduces gastrointestinal peristalsis, slows down emptying time, thus the raising digestibility.Simultaneously behind the stalk fermentation, the macromolecular substances in the feed such as starch, protein etc. are degraded to sugar that animal is easy to digest and assimilate, amino acid etc., promote milk cow digesting and assimilating various nutriments effectively.
Control group wherein is the cow in milk of bright stalk of feeding; Experimental group wherein is the cow in milk of feeding behind the fermented stalk three days; Animal used as test is a milk cow in lactation period.
Table 2
| Head is daily yielding/kg all | Butterfat percnetage/% | Lactoprotein/% | Real milk solids/% | |
| Control group | 17.92 | 3.63 | 2.90 | 12.04 |
| Test group | 19.07 | 4.39 | 3.42 | 12.39 |
Conclusion:
Fermented feed can make stomach inner pH value descend after being eaten by livestock, is converted into pepsin thereby activate propepsin, promotes the decomposition of protein, reduces gastrointestinal peristalsis, slows down emptying time, thus the raising digestibility.Simultaneously behind the stalk fermentation, the macromolecular substances in the feed such as starch, protein etc. are degraded to sugar that animal is easy to digest and assimilate, amino acid etc., promote milk cow digesting and assimilating various nutriments effectively.
Claims (4)
1. zytase is united the composite ferment of many bacterial classifications, it is characterized in that it is that zytase and many bacterial classifications constitute jointly, and the parts by weight of its each bacterium powder are as follows:
Zytase 3-5 part; Lactobacillus acidophilus 1-2 part; Bacterium acidi propionici 1-2 part; Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2-3 part; Bacillus subtilis 3-4 part; Lactobacillus plantarum 1-2 part; Bacillus coagulans 1-2 part;
Wherein the viable bacteria content of each component is respectively: zytase 3000IU/g; Lactobacillus acidophilus 6.2*10
7Cfu/g, bacterium acidi propionici 2.2*10
8Cfu/g, saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.9*10
8Cfu/g, bacillus subtilis 1.4*10
12Cfu/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 5.0*10
8Cfu/g, bacillus coagulans 5.5*10
11Cfu/g, composite ferment vigor sum 〉=10
8Cfu/g.
2. the described composite ferment preparation method of claim 1 is characterized in that described bacterium powder presses step and carry out: slant strains → liquid seeds cultivation → seeding tank fermentation → ferment tank → centrifugation somatic cells → vacuum freeze drying → solid bacterium powder product; Wherein each zymotic fluid separates through tube centrifuge, collects bacterium mud, adopts 5% dextrin in aqueous solution and bacterium mud to mix, and vacuum freeze drying obtains solid bacterium powder.
3. a method that adopts the described composite ferment fermented stalk feed of claim 1 is characterized in that, is undertaken by following step:
(1) select level of ground water low, physical features is higher, smooth, and drainage condition is good, builds the cellar for storing things near the place of animal house; Highly be 1-2 rice;
(2) under 30 ℃, be 5% sucrose water activation 2h with six kinds of bacterium powder concentration, again with solid zytase powder 3-5 part, salt 1-2 part and corn flour 10% mix wherein, after mixing thoroughly it are sprayed on the stalk that cuts up with a hay cutter into 2～4 centimetres uniformly, mix thoroughly while spraying;
(3) ratio of dried agricultural crop straw and water is 1: 1～1.2, makes the moisture in the stalk remain on 60%～70%;
(4) the stalk layering that will mix dress cellar for storing things is fully treaded behind the dress cellar for storing things and is compressed, and stalk is filled the back with plastic sheeting envelope cellar for storing things, from after to stack 40～50 centimetres thick soil pressure forward real, tight with grave more all around;
(5) fermented stalk feed can be opened the cellar for storing things at 25 ℃ through 7～10 days.
4. the described composite ferment of claim 1 increases the application of fermentation activity aspect improving the straw feed fermenting speed.
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