CN109787340A - 太阳能发电系统 - Google Patents
太阳能发电系统 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
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- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
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Abstract
本发明提供一种车辆的太阳能发电系统,其具备:太阳能电池板,其配置为利用太阳光进行发电;第一负载;辅助电池,其配置为向第一负载供给电力;第二负载,其配置为驱动车辆;驱动用电池,其配置为向第二负载供给驱动所述车辆所必需的电力;第一功率转换器,其配置为将由太阳能电池板发电产生的电力向辅助电池供给,以及第二功率转换器,其配置为在辅助电池与驱动用电池之间进行双向的电力交换。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及搭载在车辆上的太阳能发电系统。
背景技术
例如,日本特开2014-174876以及日本专利第5582173号中公开了利用太阳能电池板(太阳光发电装置)发电产生的电力的太阳能发电系统。
所述专利文献中记载的太阳能发电系统具备多个用于太阳能发电的专用部件。例如,日本特开2014-174876号中记载的太阳能发电系统具备:用于暂时存储发电电力的太阳能专用电池、将发电电力供给至太阳能专用电池的功率转换器、控制从太阳能专用电池向辅助电池进行电力供给的功率转换器、以及控制从太阳能专用电池向驱动用电池进行电力供给的功率转换器等。
由于具备如上所述的多个专用部件,因此现有的太阳能发电系统成本高且重量大。
发明内容
本发明提供一种太阳能发电系统,其减少用于太阳能发电的专用部件、成本低且重量小。
本发明的方式所涉及的车辆的太阳能发电系统具备:太阳能电池板,其配置为利用太阳光进行发电;第一负载;辅助电池,其配置为向第一负载供给电力;第二负载,其配置为驱动车辆;驱动用电池,其配置为向第二负载供给驱动车辆所必需的电力;第一功率转换器,其配置为将由太阳能电池板发电产生的电力向辅助电池供给;以及第二功率转换器,其配置为在辅助电池与驱动用电池之间进行双向的电力交换。
根据本发明的方式,配置为将由太阳能电池板发电产生的电力直接向锂电池等辅助电池供给,而并不暂时存储在太阳能专用电池中。根据本发明的方式,将设置在辅助电池与驱动用电池之间的第二功率转换器配置为进行双向的电力交换。根据所述配置,能够从太阳能发电系统中减少太阳能专用电池、控制从所述太阳能专用电池向辅助电池进行电力供给的太阳能专用的功率转换器、以及控制从太阳能专用电池向驱动用电池进行电力供给的太阳能专用的功率转换器。
在本发明的方式中,也可以是车辆配置为,在通过加速器操作使车辆行驶的第一控制状态、和对通过加速器操作使车辆行驶的情况进行限制的第二控制状态之间切换。也可以是第二功率转换器配置为,在车辆为第一控制状态的情况下,如果辅助电池的蓄电量为规定的阈值以下,则将驱动用电池的电力向辅助电池供给,如果辅助电池的蓄电量超过阈值,则将辅助电池的电力向驱动用电池供给。根据所述供给方法,能够有效地利用辅助电池以及驱动用电池的电力。
在本发明的方式中,也可以是第二功率转换器配置为,在车辆为第二控制状态的情况下,如果辅助电池的蓄电量超过规定的阈值,则将辅助电池的电力向驱动用电池供给,直至辅助电池的蓄电量下降至小于所述阈值的规定的下限值。根据所述供给方法,能够有效地灵活运用辅助电池的电力。
在本发明的方式中,也可以是车辆配置为,在通过加速器操作使车辆行驶的第一控制状态、和对通过加速器操使车辆行驶的情况进行限制的第二控制状态之间切换。也可以是第二功率转换器配置为,在车辆为第二控制状态的情况下,如果辅助电池的蓄电量超过规定的阈值,则将辅助电池的电力向驱动用电池供给,直至辅助电池的蓄电量下降至小于阈值的规定的下限值。
在本发明的方式中,辅助电池也可以为锂电池。
根据本发明的方式,能够实现用于太阳能发电的专用部件减少而成本低且重量小的太阳能发电系统。
附图说明
下面,参考附图对本发明所示例的实施例的特征、优点、技术上及工业上的意义进行记述,附图中的相同的标号表示同一部件,其中:
图1是示出本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统的构成例的图。
图2是由太阳能发电系统实施的控制流程图。
图3是由太阳能发电系统实施的控制流程图。
具体实施方式
[概要]
本实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统具有直接将由太阳能电池板发电产生的电力向辅助电池供给的结构。根据所述结构,无需具备太阳能专用电池、控制从所述太阳能专用电池向辅助电池进行电力供给的太阳能专用的功率转换器。本实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统配置为,能够在辅助电池与驱动用电池之间进行双向的电力交换。根据所述配置,无需具备控制从太阳能专用电池向驱动用电池进行电力供给的太阳能专用的功率转换器。因此,能够实现太阳能发电系统的低成本化及轻量化。
[太阳能发电系统的结构]
图1是示出本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统10的构成例的图。图1所示例的本实施方式的太阳能发电系统10具备:太阳能电池板11、太阳能功率转换器12、辅助电池13、辅助功率转换器14、驱动用电池15、以及控制部16。图1中,用实线表示流过功率信号的配线,用虚线表示流过控制信号等的配线。
太阳能电池板11为接受太阳光的照射从而进行发电的太阳能电池模块。由太阳能电池板11发电产生的电力(以下称为“发电电力X”)向太阳能功率转换器12输出。所述太阳能电池板11例如可以设置在车辆的车顶上等。
辅助电池13例如为锂电池或镍氢电池等可充放电的电力存储元件。所述辅助电池13以能够由从太阳能功率转换器12供给的电力充电的方式与太阳能功率转换器12连接,并以能够与辅助功率转换器14之间充放电的方式与辅助功率转换器14连接。辅助电池13与未图示的第一负载连接,供给所述第一负载进行动作所必需的电力。作为所述辅助电池13,使用规定的低电压电池。
驱动用电池15例如为锂电池或镍氢电池等可充放电的电力存储元件。所述驱动用电池15以能够与辅助功率转换器14之间充放电的方式,与辅助功率转换器14连接。驱动用电池15与未图示的、驱动车辆所必需的第二负载连接,供给所述第二负载进行动作所必需的电力。作为所述驱动用电池15,使用与辅助电池13相比电压较高的规定的高电压电池。
太阳能功率转换器12配置为,设置在太阳能电池板11与辅助电池13之间,能够基于控制部16的指示将太阳能电池板11的发电电力X转换为规定的电力并向辅助电池13供给。太阳能功率转换器12包括例如DC/DC转换器等。太阳能功率转换器12能够利用公知的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT:Maximum Power Point Tracking)控制来设定太阳能电池板11的动作点。所述太阳能功率转换器12与权利要求中的“第一功率转换器”对应。
辅助功率转换器14配置为,设置在辅助电池13与驱动用电池15之间,能够基于控制部16的指示在上述的电池之间进行双向的电力交换。具体地,辅助功率转换器14可以构成为双向的转换器,即,兼具有使辅助电池13的电压上升而向驱动用电池15输出的升压功能、以及使驱动用电池15的电压下降而向辅助电池13输出的降压功能。所述辅助功率转换器14与权利要求中的“第二功率转换器”对应。
控制部16分别取得太阳能电池板11的发电电力X、辅助电池13的蓄电量B1、以及驱动用电池15的蓄电量B2。控制部16从未图示的车载装置取得包括车辆的电源状态(是否为Ready-ON状态)在内的车辆信息。而且,控制部16基于所取得的发电电力X、蓄电量B1、蓄电量B2、以及车辆信息,分别控制太阳能功率转换器12以及辅助功率转换器14。
上述太阳能功率转换器12、辅助功率转换器14、以及控制部16的全部设备或部分设备可以由电子控制单元(ECU:Electronic Control Unit)构成,该电子控制单元代表性地含有中央运算处理装置(CPU:Central Processing Unit)、存储器、以及输入输出接口等。在电子控制单元中,通过CPU读取并执行存储在存储器中的程序而实现上述的规定功能。
[太阳能发电系统执行的控制]
接下来,进一步参照图2以及图3,说明本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统10执行的控制。图2所示的处理和图3所示的处理原则上彼此独立地执行。
对图2进行说明。图2是示出控制部16对太阳能功率转换器12实施的控制的处理步骤的流程图。
步骤S21:判断太阳能电池板11的发电电力X是否超过规定的阈值α。所述阈值α是用于判断是否适合对太阳能电池板11发电产生的电力进行处理的功率值。例如,如果太阳能电池板11的发电电力X与太阳能功率转换器12进行动作所必需的电力相比较低,则没有使太阳能功率转换器12进行动作的意义。因此,可以将阈值α设定为太阳能功率转换器12进行动作所必需的功率值。在发电电力X超过阈值α的情况下,判断为发电电力X的处理适合而处理前进至步骤S22。另一方面,在发电电力X没有超过阈值α的情况下,判断为发电电力X的处理不适合而处理前进至步骤S25。
步骤S22:判断驱动用电池15的蓄电量B2是否达到规定的阈值β2。例如,可以将所述阈值β2设定为驱动用电池15无需进一步充电的上限蓄电量。在蓄电量B2达到阈值β2的情况下,判断为不存在发电电力X的供给对象而处理前进至步骤S23。另一方面,在蓄电量B2没有达到阈值β2的情况下,判断为存在发电电力X的供给对象,从而处理前进至步骤S26。
步骤S23:判断辅助电池13的蓄电量B1是否达到规定的阈值β1。例如,可以将所述阈值β1设定为辅助电池13无需进一步充电的上限蓄电量。在蓄电量B1达到阈值β1的情况下,判断为不存在发电电力X的供给对象,从而处理前进至步骤S24。另一方面,在蓄电量B1没有达到阈值β1的情况下,判断为存在发电电力X的供给对象,从而处理前进至步骤S27。
步骤S24:使太阳能功率转换器12停止预先规定的第一时间。在使太阳能功率转换器12停止的期间,将太阳能电池板11的发电电力X直接丢弃而不进行处理。所述第一时间可以任意设定。当经过第一时间后,处理返回至步骤S21。
步骤S25:使太阳能功率转换器12停止预先规定的第二时间。在使太阳能功率转换器12停止的期间,将太阳能电池板11的发电电力X直接丢弃而不进行处理。所述第二时间可以任意设定,可以和所述第一时间相同也可以不同。当经过第二时间后,处理返回至步骤S21。
步骤S26:使太阳能功率转换器12以恒定功率输出的方式进行动作。通过上述方式,将太阳能电池板11的发电电力X向辅助电池13供给,并进一步经由辅助电池13向驱动用电池15供给。太阳能功率转换器12例如能够利用最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法控制由太阳能电池板11发电产生的电力。
步骤S27:使太阳能功率转换器12以恒定功率输出的方式进行动作。通过上述方式,将太阳能电池板11的发电电力X向辅助电池13供给。太阳能功率转换器12例如能够利用最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法控制由太阳能电池板11发电产生的电力。
所述步骤S26以及步骤S27中的太阳能功率转换器12的动作持续实施至发电电力X不再超过阈值α(步骤S21为否)、或者蓄电量B2达到阈值β2(步骤S22为是)并且蓄电量B1达到阈值β1(步骤S23为是)为止。
步骤S22以及步骤S26的处理、与步骤S23以及步骤S27的彼此顺序可以互换。
对图3进行说明。图3是示出控制部16对辅助功率转换器14实施的控制的处理步骤的流程图。
步骤S31:判断车辆的电源是能够通过加速器操作行驶的电源状态还是无法通过加速器操作行驶的电源状态。例如,能够通过加速器操作行驶的车辆电源状态为“Ready-ON”状态,无法通过加速器操作行驶的车辆电源状态为“Ready-OFF”状态。在车辆的电源处于无法行驶的电源状态的情况下,处理前进至步骤S32。另一方面,在车辆的电源处于能够行驶的电源状态的情况下,处理前进至步骤S35。
步骤S32:判断辅助电池13的蓄电量B1是否为规定的阈值γ以上。所述阈值γ可以设定为辅助电池13的上限蓄电量与下限蓄电量之间的任意值。在蓄电量B1为阈值γ以上的情况下,判断为能够与辅助电池13进行电力交换,从而处理前进至步骤S33。另一方面,在蓄电量B1小于阈值γ的情况下,判断为无法与辅助电池13进行电力交换,从而处理前进至步骤S34。
步骤S33:使辅助功率转换器14以恒定功率输出的方式动作,从辅助电池13向驱动用电池15供给电力。所述电力供给进行至辅助电池13的蓄电量B1达到规定的阈值δ为止。所述阈值δ可以在阈值γ与辅助电池13的下限蓄电量之间任意设定。如果从辅助电池13向驱动用电池15的电力供给结束,则处理返回至步骤S31。
步骤S34:使辅助功率转换器14停止。在使辅助功率转换器14停止后,处理返回至步骤S31。
步骤S35:判断辅助电池13的蓄电量B1是否超过规定的阈值ε。例如,所述阈值ε可以设定为辅助电池13的下限蓄电量,即辅助电池13如果进一步被放电则可能会影响第一负载动作的下限蓄电量。在蓄电量B1超过阈值ε的情况下,判断为不会对第一负载的动作产生影响,从而处理前进至步骤S36。另一方面,在蓄电量B1为阈值ε以下的情况下,判断为对第一负载的动作产生影响,从而处理前进至步骤S37。
步骤S36:使辅助功率转换器14以恒定功率输出的方式进行动作,开始从辅助电池13向驱动用电池15供给电力。所述处理中,为了最大限度地灵活运用辅助电池13的电力而使辅助功率转换器14以恒定功率输出的方式进行动作,但也可以根据不同状况而以恒压输出的方式进行动作。如果开始从辅助电池13向驱动用电池15供给电力,则处理返回至步骤S31。
步骤S37:使辅助功率转换器14以恒压输出的方式进行动作,开始从驱动用电池15向辅助电池13供给电力。所述处理中,使辅助功率转换器14以恒压输出的方式动作以能够应对可移动的第一负载的急剧变化,但也可以根据不同状况而以恒定功率输出的方式进行动作。如果开始从驱动用电池15向辅助电池13供给电力,则处理返回至步骤S31。
[本实施方式的效果]
根据上述本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统10,将太阳能电池板11的发电电力X直接向辅助电池13供给,而并非如现有技术那样暂时存储在太阳能专用电池中。根据上述内容,无需具备太阳能专用电池、以及控制从所述太阳能专用电池向辅助电池13进行电力供给的太阳能专用的功率转换器。因此,能够实现太阳能发电系统10的低成本化且轻量化。
根据本实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统10,能够使设置在辅助电池13与驱动用电池15之间的辅助功率转换器14进行双向的电力交换。根据上述内容,无需具备控制从太阳能专用电池向驱动用电池15进行电力供给的太阳能专用的功率转换器。因此,能够实现太阳能发电系统10的低成本化且轻量化。
[应用例]
在本实施方式所涉及的太阳能发电系统10中,除了利用太阳能电池板11发电产生的电力之外,也能够通过简单的变更而利用其他发电设备发电产生的电力。
例如配置为,在太阳能发电系统中追加能够利用排气装置等的热量进行发电的热发电设备、和能够将由所述热发电设备发电产生的电力转换为规定的电力并向辅助电池13输出的功率转换器,将所述功率转换器可充放电地与辅助电池13连接。根据所述结构,能够利用太阳能电池板11的发电电力X和热发电设备的发电电力这两者。
本发明的太阳能发电系统能够利用在希望低成本化且轻量化的车辆等中。
Claims (4)
1.一种车辆的太阳能发电系统,其特征在于,包括:
太阳能电池板,其配置为利用太阳光进行发电;
第一负载;
辅助电池,其配置为向所述第一负载供给电力;
第二负载,其配置为驱动所述车辆;
驱动用电池,其配置为向所述第二负载供给驱动所述车辆所必需的电力;
第一功率转换器,其配置为将由所述太阳能电池板发电产生的电力向所述辅助电池供给;以及
第二功率转换器,其配置为在所述辅助电池与所述驱动用电池之间进行双向的电力交换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能发电系统,其特征在于,
所述车辆配置为,在通过加速器操作使所述车辆行驶的第一控制状态、和对通过加速器操作使所述车辆行驶的情况进行限制的第二控制状态之间切换;并且
所述第二功率转换器配置为,在所述车辆为所述第一控制状态的情况下,如果所述辅助电池的蓄电量为规定的阈值以下,则将所述驱动用电池的电力向所述辅助电池供给,如果所述辅助电池的蓄电量超过所述阈值,则将所述辅助电池的电力向所述驱动用电池供给。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能发电系统,其特征在于,
所述第二功率转换器配置为,在所述车辆为第二控制状态的情况下,如果所述辅助电池的蓄电量超过规定的阈值,则将所述辅助电池的电力向所述驱动用电池供给,直至所述辅助电池的蓄电量下降至小于所述阈值的规定的下限值。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的太阳能发电系统,其特征在于,所述辅助电池为锂电池。
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US11198366B2 (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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CN109787340B (zh) | 2022-05-31 |
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