CN109759543B - Cast copper sculpture casting production method - Google Patents

Cast copper sculpture casting production method Download PDF

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CN109759543B
CN109759543B CN201910008727.7A CN201910008727A CN109759543B CN 109759543 B CN109759543 B CN 109759543B CN 201910008727 A CN201910008727 A CN 201910008727A CN 109759543 B CN109759543 B CN 109759543B
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shell
mould
wax
copper
cast
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CN109759543A (en
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丁勇
何擂
陈竞
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Yunnan Jidu Ruiyi City Landscape Engineering Co.,Ltd.
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丁勇
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Abstract

The invention relates to a cast copper sculpture casting production method, which belongs to the field of artware production processes, and the cast copper sculpture casting production method controls a mould material formula, adjusts the mould material formula under different temperature conditions, avoids the expansion or contraction of a wax mould due to temperature change and avoids the situation that the wax mould is broken and retracted, and simultaneously delays the phase change time of a mould shell and avoids the rapid temperature rise of the mould shell during the roasting process of the mould shell in a manner of controlling the roasting temperature so as to ensure the smooth operation of subsequent operations and obtain fine and accurate casting results.

Description

Cast copper sculpture casting production method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of artware production and processing technologies, and particularly relates to a cast production method of a cast copper sculpture.
Background
The copper carving is an important component of the building ornament in China, has a long history and can be traced back to the times of business weeks, in modern society, the copper carving is also an important component of building decorations, in the field of modern sculptures, the copper carving accounts for more and more important parts in the decorations, compared with the ancient times of business, the modern copper carving is generally used for decoration, the production process of the modern copper carving is large in volume difference in order to meet different decoration requirements, and the production process of the copper carving is continuously changed along with the continuous change of the production requirements, the wax pattern pouring operation, the shell making and the casting are all important links of the copper carving production, the processing of the pattern material in the wax pattern pouring operation is particularly important, the moisture content in the pattern material and the physical properties of the wax pattern under different operation environments are different, the quality of the wax pattern is directly related to the subsequent operation of the copper carving production, and the influence of the temperature change on the wax pattern is particularly prominent; in the process of shell making operation, the quality of the shell directly determines whether the subsequent copper carving casting operation succeeds or not, the shell is fragile and easy to break if the texture is too brittle, and the shell is difficult to peel if the texture is too hard, so the roasting operation of the shell directly determines the quality of the copper carving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a cast copper sculpture casting production method, which aims to overcome the problems in the background art, and the cast copper sculpture casting production method controls a mould material formula, adjusts the mould material formula under different temperature conditions, avoids the expansion or contraction of wax mould temperature change and the situation of wax mould crushing and retraction, delays the phase change time of a mould shell in a mode of controlling the roasting temperature in the roasting process of the mould shell, avoids the expansion and crushing of the mould shell with rapid temperature rise, and ensures the smooth proceeding of subsequent operation.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the cast production method of the cast copper sculpture mainly comprises the following steps:
designing a drawing, designing the drawing according to the integral concept of the sculpture, and casting the sculpture according to the drawing;
secondly, making a clay draft, and making a model according to a design drawing;
thirdly, copying the mould, wherein the scheme of copying the mould is determined according to the complexity of the work, simple works are copied by gypsum, and complex works are copied by silica gel; the method is characterized in that: in the mould copying operation, a pouring gate, a riser, a main pouring gate, a branch pouring gate, an inner pouring gate, an exhaust riser, a blind riser, a slag collection bag and the like are prepared before the mould is assembled;
fourthly, pouring wax patterns, pouring the melted wax materials into the manufactured mould after the mould is turned, and disassembling the mould after the wax materials are cooled; the method is characterized in that: in the fourth step of wax pattern pouring operation, the pouring wax material is prepared by adopting a wax material formula with paraffin as a base, namely paraffin: 4.9-6.0kg, stearic acid: 0.21-0.28kg, microcrystalline wax: 0.20-0.26kg, rosin: 0.31-0.75kg, EVA: 0.1-0.16 kg;
fifthly, manufacturing the shell, wrapping the manufactured wax pattern layer by using quartz sand, and then burning away the wax material in the shell at high temperature, wherein the method is characterized in that: in the fifth step of shell making operation, after the surface of the wax mould is coated with the binder, quartz sand is coated, the operation is repeated for at least three times, the water-based silica sol binder is water-based silica sol, and after the coating of the quartz sand is finished, the following operations of (1) shell dewaxing, (2) shell roasting and (3) shell discharging are carried out; specifically, (1) dewaxing the shell by a hot water dewaxing method, filling tap water in a heating tank, wherein the water level exceeds the highest point of a heating part of an electric heater, 2.1-2.9% of ammonium chloride is added into the hot water, the heater is used for heating in advance for 4-5 hours, (2) roasting the shell, baking the wet shell at the furnace temperature of 100 ℃ for 30-60 minutes, then heating, when the temperature is less than or equal to 200 ℃, absorbing water in the shell, gradually discharging capillary pores, and carbonizing residual wax attached to a cavity, wherein if the temperature is increased too fast, gas instantaneously expands in an interlayer of the shell, the shell is likely to be cracked or a surface layer is likely to expand and deform or peel, so that the temperature is kept at 200 ℃ for 30', organic substances are decomposed and oxidized at 200-500 ℃, residual ammonium chloride existing in the shell is also largely volatilized at 400 ℃, all the ammonium chloride is removed at 500 ℃, but is over 500 ℃, the quartz has a large volume expansion once because of the phase change, so the heat preservation is better at 30' at 500 ℃, the phase change of the quartz is slowly carried out, the porosity is the largest at about 700 ℃ of the shell, the lowest point of the strength of the shell is the lowest point, the strength is increased until the shell is gradually sintered at more than 800 ℃, the highest limit of temperature rise is determined according to the refractory material, the adhesive and the hardening process, the process takes 850 ℃ as the limit, (3) the shell is taken out of the furnace, and the shell is pulled out of the roasting furnace after the preparation work is finished; temperature change of shell firing:
Figure GDA0002705235220000031
sixthly, casting, namely melting copper into molten copper at high temperature and pouring the molten copper into a prepared shell; the method is characterized in that: the sixth step of casting operation adopts 62 brass as casting raw material, the 62 brass components require 60.5-63.5% of copper, less than or equal to 0.5% of iron, less than or equal to 0.08% of lead, less than or equal to 0.005% of antimony, less than or equal to 0.002% of bismuth, less than or equal to 0.01% of phosphorus and the balance of zinc, zinc is added in a small amount and multiple times during smelting, when a crucible is preheated to red, zinc with the zinc content of 1/5 is added, meanwhile, pure aluminum wires accounting for 0.3% of the total amount of brass are added, zinc and aluminum are melted first, zinc and aluminum are evaporated into zinc vapor, the zinc vapor can greatly reduce the air suction tendency of an oxidant of copper during smelting, gas in a filter material can be taken away during vapor floating, the degassing effect is achieved, the smelting speed of copper is accelerated, after the copper is melted, the rest of zinc is added, the aluminum is added, the metallic luster of the surface of a casting product can be increased and the demolding performance of the casting product can be, the zinc is oxidized into aluminum oxide before being melted, so that a fine aluminum oxide film is formed on the alloy liquid surface, the aluminum oxide has large surface tension and strong protective effect, can prevent oxygen from continuously flowing through, protects zinc from being strongly oxidized in the alloy, can reduce the burning loss and volatilization of zinc, and has the following melting operation:
electrifying 50kw, adding a zinc block with the zinc content of 1/5, adding pure aluminum wires with the brass content of 0.3 percent, adding a copper block, adding forage to cover and heating up to 70kw, adding forage to cover, adding the zinc block piece by piece, simultaneously adding the forage continuously, adding phosphor copper, heating up to 80kw alloy temperature 1050-;
pouring molten copper obtained by the operation into a shell;
seventhly, cleaning sand, cutting, polishing and welding assembly, (1) cleaning sand, pouring a cooled shell, cleaning sand and removing the shell, (2) cutting, polishing and cutting the cast after removing the shell, (3) welding assembly, performing welding repair on the cast after cutting and polishing by using a casting material as a welding rod, and then assembling the cast into a copper sculpture according to a design drawing;
and step eight, coloring the surface, namely coloring the surface of the copper sculpture according to the design requirement.
Preferably, the mould is copied by a silica gel mould.
Preferably, in the wax pattern casting operation, the paraffin, the microcrystalline wax and the EVA are melted when melting the wax, and when the operation temperature is 28 ℃, the paraffin in the mould material is as follows: 4.9kg, EVA: 0.16kg, rosin: 0.31kg, room temperature at 22 ℃, paraffin wax: 5.5kg, EVA: 0.13kg, rosin: 0.52kg, room temperature lower than 1020 ℃, 6.0kg of paraffin in the mould material, EVA: 0.1kg, rosin: 0.75kg of white vaseline is added into the mold material at room temperature below 10 ℃ in an amount of 0.1-0.1 kg.
Preferably, when the silica gel mold is used, a parting agent is brushed, the parting agent is prepared by itself, a wax liquid is brushed after the parting agent is dried, the brushing is carried out by a quick method, the parting agent is a dilute glue liquid, and the dilute glue liquid is a solution of polystyrene foam plate fragments and xylene liquid.
Preferably, in the shell making operation, before the quartz sand is scattered, the surface of the wax mould is coated with alcohol soap liquid, after the alcohol is volatilized, the coating operation is carried out, and the alcohol soap liquid is prepared by using soap powder and industrial alcohol.
Preferably, the casting operation is performed while maintaining the shell internal temperature at 390-450 ℃.
Preferably, before the coloring operation, the copper carving is blown with 20-40 meshes of quartz sand, and then the steel wire is used for brushing the whole body and then the coloring operation is carried out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cast copper sculpture casting production method controls the formula of the mould material, adjusts the formula of the mould material under different temperature conditions, avoids expansion or contraction of the wax mould due to temperature change, avoids the situation of crushing and retraction of the wax mould, delays the phase change time of the mould shell in a mode of controlling the roasting temperature in the roasting process of the mould shell, avoids expansion and crushing of the mould shell heated rapidly, and ensures smooth follow-up operation.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, technical solutions and advantages clearer and more clear, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
the cast production method of the cast copper sculpture mainly comprises the following steps:
designing a drawing, designing the drawing according to the integral concept of the sculpture, and casting the sculpture according to the drawing;
secondly, making a clay draft, and making a model according to a design drawing;
thirdly, copying the mould, wherein the scheme of copying the mould is determined according to the complexity of the work, simple works are copied by gypsum, complex works are copied by silica gel, and the silica gel mould is selected; the method is characterized in that: in the mould copying operation, a pouring gate, a riser, a main pouring gate, a branch pouring gate, an inner pouring gate, an exhaust riser, a blind riser, a slag collection bag and the like are prepared before the mould is assembled;
fourthly, pouring wax patterns, pouring the melted wax materials into the manufactured mould after the mould is turned, and disassembling the mould after the wax materials are cooled; the method is characterized in that: in the fourth step of wax pattern pouring operation, the pouring wax material is prepared by adopting a wax material formula based on paraffin, and the wax material formula is paraffin at the room temperature of 28 ℃: 4.9kg, stearic acid: 0.21kg, microcrystalline wax: 0.20kg of rosin: 0.31kg, EVA: 0.1kg of mould parting agent is brushed after the filling is finished, the mould parting agent is self-prepared, the mould parting agent is brushed after being dried, and the wax liquid is brushed by a quick method, wherein the mould parting agent is dilute glue liquid, and the dilute glue liquid is a solution of polystyrene foam board fragments and xylene liquid;
fifthly, preparing a shell, namely wrapping the prepared wax model layer by using quartz sand, then completely burning the wax material in the shell at high temperature, coating alcohol soap liquid on the surface of a wax mould before coating, performing coating operation after the alcohol is volatilized, preparing the alcohol soap liquid by using soap powder and industrial alcohol, coating the quartz sand on the surface of the wax mould after coating a binder on the surface of the wax mould, and repeatedly performing at least three times, wherein the binder is water-based silica sol, the shell preparation comprises the following steps of (1) shell dewaxing, (2) shell roasting and (3) shell discharging, specifically, the shell dewaxing method (1) adopts a hot water dewaxing method, a heating tank is filled with tap water, the water level exceeds the highest point of a heating part of an electric heater, 2.1% ammonium chloride is added into the hot water, the heater is heated for 4 hours in advance, the shell roasting process (2) adopts a temperature gradient manner, and the wet shell is heated within 100 ℃ for about 1 hour, when the temperature in the furnace is 150 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30 ', the temperature in the furnace is up to 500 ℃, the temperature is kept for 20', the temperature in the furnace is up to 850 ℃, the heating is stopped, (3) the shell is taken out of the furnace, and after the preparation work is finished, the shell is pulled out of the roasting furnace;
sixthly, casting, wherein the temperature inside the shell is maintained at 390 ℃, and the copper is melted into copper water at high temperature and then poured into the prepared shell; the method is characterized in that: the sixth step of casting operation adopts 62 brass as a casting raw material, the components of the 62 brass require 60.5% of copper, 0.35% of iron, 0.06% of lead, 0.003% of antimony, 0.001% of bismuth, 0.005% of phosphorus and the balance of zinc, zinc is added in a small amount and multiple times during smelting, when a crucible is preheated to red, a zinc block with the zinc content of 1/5 is added, meanwhile, a pure aluminum wire accounting for 0.3% of the total amount of the brass is added, a copper block is added, the zinc and the aluminum wire are placed at the bottom of the furnace, the zinc and the aluminum are melted firstly, the rest zinc is added, the aluminum is added, and casting is carried out after melting;
seventhly, cleaning sand, cutting, polishing and welding assembly, (1) cleaning sand, pouring a cooled shell, cleaning sand and removing the shell, (2) cutting, polishing and cutting the cast after removing the shell, (3) welding assembly, performing welding repair on the cast after cutting and polishing by using a casting material as a welding rod, and then assembling the cast into a copper sculpture according to a design drawing;
and eighthly, coloring the surface of the copper carving according to design requirements, blowing 20-mesh quartz sand to the whole copper carving body before coloring operation, and then coloring the copper carving body after brushing the whole copper carving body with a steel wire.
Example 2:
the cast production method of the cast copper sculpture mainly comprises the following steps:
designing a drawing, designing the drawing according to the integral concept of the sculpture, and casting the sculpture according to the drawing;
secondly, making a clay draft, and making a model according to a design drawing;
thirdly, copying the mould, wherein the scheme of copying the mould is determined according to the complexity of the work, the simpler work can be copied by adopting gypsum, and the complicated work needs to be copied by using silica gel; the method is characterized in that: in the mould copying operation, a pouring gate, a riser, a main pouring gate, a branch pouring gate, an inner pouring gate, an exhaust riser, a blind riser, a slag collection bag and the like are prepared before the mould is assembled;
fourthly, pouring wax patterns, pouring molten wax materials into the manufactured 5 moulds after the moulds are turned, and disassembling the moulds after the wax materials are cooled; the method is characterized in that: in the fourth step of wax pattern pouring operation, the pouring wax material is prepared by adopting a paraffin-based mold material formula, wherein the paraffin material formula is paraffin at the room temperature of 20 ℃: 6.0kg, stearic acid: 0.28kg, microcrystalline wax: 0.26kg, rosin: 0.75kg, EVA: brushing parting agent after the completion of filling 0.16kg, wherein the parting agent is prepared by self, brushing wax liquid after the parting agent is dried, and brushing by a quick method, wherein the parting agent is dilute glue liquid, and the dilute glue liquid is a solution of polystyrene foam board fragments and xylene liquid;
fifthly, preparing a shell, namely wrapping the prepared wax model layer by using quartz sand, then burning off the paraffin in the shell at high temperature, coating alcohol soap liquid on the surface of the wax model before coating, performing coating operation after the alcohol is volatilized, preparing the alcohol soap liquid by using soap powder and industrial alcohol, coating the quartz sand on the surface of the wax model after coating a binder on the surface of the wax model, and repeatedly operating for at least three times, wherein the binder is water-based silica sol, and the shell preparation comprises the following steps of (1) shell dewaxing, (2) shell roasting and (3) shell discharging; the method is characterized in that: in the fifth step of shell making operation, after the surface of a wax mould is coated with a binder, wrapping quartz sand, and repeatedly operating for at least three times, wherein the binder is water-based silica sol, (1) the shell dewaxing adopts a hot water dewaxing method, tap water is filled in a heating tank, the water level needs to exceed the highest point of a heating part of an electric heater, 2.9 percent of ammonium chloride is added into hot water, the heater is used for heating 4 hours in advance, (2) the shell roasting process is carried out in a heating gradient mode, the wet shell is roasted within 100 ℃ for about 1 hour and then heated, when the temperature in the furnace is 180 ℃, the temperature is 60', the temperature in the furnace is 25 ℃, the temperature in the furnace is 850 ℃, the heating is stopped, and (3) the shell is taken out of the furnace, and after the preparation work is finished, the shell is pulled out of the roasting;
sixthly, casting, wherein the temperature inside the shell is maintained at 450 ℃, and copper is melted into molten copper at high temperature and then poured into the prepared shell; the method is characterized in that: the sixth step of casting operation adopts 62 brass as a casting raw material, the 62 brass requires 61.5% of copper, 0.45% of iron, 0.07% of lead, 0.004% of antimony, 0.001% of bismuth, 0.008% of phosphorus and the balance of zinc, zinc is added in a small amount and a plurality of times during smelting, when a crucible is preheated to red, zinc with the zinc content of 1/5 is added, meanwhile, pure aluminum wires accounting for 0.3% of the total amount of brass are added, copper blocks are added, the zinc and the aluminum wires are placed at the bottom of the furnace, the zinc and the aluminum are melted firstly, the rest zinc is added, the aluminum is added, and casting is carried out after melting;
seventhly, cleaning sand, cutting, polishing and welding assembly, (1) cleaning sand, pouring a cooled shell, cleaning sand and removing the shell, (2) cutting, polishing and cutting the cast after removing the shell, (3) welding assembly, performing welding repair on the cast after cutting and polishing by using a casting material as a welding rod, and then assembling the cast into a copper sculpture according to a design drawing;
and eighthly, coloring the surface of the copper carving according to design requirements, blowing 40-mesh quartz sand on the whole copper carving body before coloring operation, and then coloring the whole copper carving body after brushing the steel wire.
Example 3:
the cast production method of the cast copper sculpture mainly comprises the following steps:
designing a drawing, designing the drawing according to the integral concept of the sculpture, and casting the sculpture according to the drawing;
secondly, making a clay draft, and making a model according to a design drawing;
thirdly, copying the mould, wherein the scheme of copying the mould is determined according to the complexity of the work, the simpler work can be copied by adopting gypsum, and the complicated work needs to be copied by using silica gel; the method is characterized in that: in the mould copying operation, a pouring gate, a riser, a main pouring gate, a branch pouring gate, an inner pouring gate, an exhaust riser, a blind riser, a slag collection bag and the like are prepared before the mould is assembled;
fourthly, pouring wax patterns, pouring the melted wax materials into the manufactured mould after the mould is turned, and disassembling the mould after the wax materials are cooled; the method is characterized in that: in the fourth step of wax pattern pouring operation, the pouring wax material is prepared by adopting a mold material formula based on paraffin, in the wax pattern pouring operation, the paraffin, microcrystalline wax and EVA are firstly melted when the wax is melted, and when the operation temperature is 28 ℃, the paraffin in the mold material is as follows: 4.9kg, stearic acid: 0.25kg, microcrystalline wax: 0.23kg, EVA: 0.16kg, rosin: 0.31kg, room temperature at 22 ℃, paraffin wax: 5.5kg, stearic acid: 0.25kg, microcrystalline wax: 0.23kg, EVA: 0.13kg, rosin: 0.52kg, room temperature lower than 20 ℃, 6.0kg of paraffin in the mould material, stearic acid: 0.25kg, microcrystalline wax: 0.23kg, EVA: 0.1kg, rosin: 0.75kg of mould material, the room temperature is below 10 ℃, 0.1-0.1kg of white vaseline needs to be added into the mould material, the formula of the mould material is determined by the real-time room temperature in the filling operation, a parting agent is brushed after the filling operation is finished, the parting agent is prepared automatically, a wax liquid is brushed after the parting agent is dried, the wax liquid is brushed by a quick method, the parting agent is a dilute glue liquid, and the dilute glue liquid is a solution of polystyrene foam plate fragments and xylene liquid;
fifthly, preparing a shell, namely wrapping the prepared wax model layer by using quartz sand, then burning off the paraffin in the shell at high temperature, coating alcohol soap liquid on the surface of the wax model before coating, performing coating operation after the alcohol is volatilized, preparing the alcohol soap liquid by using soap powder and industrial alcohol, coating the quartz sand on the surface of the wax model after coating a binder on the surface of the wax model, and repeatedly operating for at least three times, wherein the binder is water-based silica sol, and the shell preparation comprises the following steps of (1) shell dewaxing, (2) shell roasting and (3) shell discharging; the method is characterized in that: in the fifth step of shell making operation, after the surface of a wax mould is coated with a binder, wrapping quartz sand, and repeatedly operating for at least three times, wherein the binder is water-based silica sol, (1) the shell dewaxing adopts a hot water dewaxing method, tap water is filled in a heating tank, the water level needs to exceed the highest point of a heating part of an electric heater, 2.9 percent of ammonium chloride is added into hot water, the heater is used for heating 4 hours in advance, (2) the shell roasting process is carried out in a heating gradient mode, the wet shell is roasted within 100 ℃ for about 1 hour and then heated, when the temperature in the furnace is 200 ℃, the temperature is 30 ', the temperature in the furnace is 15-500 ℃, the temperature in the furnace is 30', the temperature in the furnace is 850 ℃, the heating is stopped, and (3) the shell is taken out of the furnace, and after the preparation work is finished;
sixthly, casting, wherein the temperature inside the shell is maintained at 400 ℃, and copper is melted into molten copper at high temperature and then poured into the prepared shell; the method is characterized in that: the sixth step of casting operation adopts 62 brass as a casting raw material, the components of the 62 brass require 63.5% of copper, 0.5% of iron, 0.08% of lead, 0.005% of antimony, 0.002% of bismuth, 0.01% of phosphorus and the balance of zinc, zinc is added in a small amount and multiple times during smelting, when a crucible is preheated to red, zinc with the zinc content of 1/5 is added, meanwhile, pure aluminum wires accounting for 0.3% of the total amount of the brass are added, copper blocks are added, the zinc and the aluminum wires are placed at the bottom of the furnace, the zinc and the aluminum are melted firstly, the rest zinc is added, aluminum is added, and casting is carried out after melting;
seventhly, cleaning sand, cutting, polishing and welding assembly, (1) cleaning sand, casting and cooling a shell, cleaning sand and removing the shell by 25 times, (2) cutting and polishing, cutting and polishing the cast after the shell is removed, (3) welding assembly, performing welding repair on the cast after cutting and polishing by taking a casting material as a welding rod, and then assembling the cast into a copper sculpture according to a design drawing;
and eighthly, coloring the surface of the copper carving according to design requirements, blowing 20-mesh quartz sand to the whole copper carving body before coloring operation, and then coloring the copper carving body after brushing the whole copper carving body with a steel wire.
Effect analysis
The operator performs the copper carving production by using the operation steps described in the three embodiments, and records the specific operation information and operation results of each step in the production process. According to the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 1, before the shell manufacturing operation, when the adhesive and the quartz sand are coated, the wax mold retracts, the shape of the wax mold is incomplete, the shell manufacturing operation is carried out by using the wax mold, and the copper carving formed by filling is inconsistent with the shape of the copper carving on the design drawing; according to the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 2, before the shell manufacturing operation, when the adhesive and the quartz sand are coated, the wax mold has a wax cracking phenomenon, and the subsequent shell manufacturing operation cannot be smoothly carried out;
before the shell manufacturing operation, when the adhesive and quartz sand are coated, the surface of the wax mold is moist, the shape of the wax mold is clear, and the wax mold copying operation is superior to the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 3;
in the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 1, after the shell is roasted and discharged out of the furnace, the surface of the shell is loose, and the casting operation needs to be careful, so that the shell is prevented from being cracked during the casting operation, and the casting operation is very inconvenient; according to the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment, after the shell is roasted and discharged from the furnace, fine cracks appear on the surface of the shell, the texture is loose, the whole shell is retracted, and during pouring operation, copper liquid leaks out and the shape of a cast copper sculpture is inconsistent with a design drawing; the technical scheme described in the embodiment 3 has the advantages that the shell is firm in texture and clear in shape, the situation that the shell is cracked and copper liquid leaks is avoided in the pouring operation process, the production operation is smooth and the copper carving quality is qualified.
In summary, the cast production method of the cast copper sculpture is excellent in the operation mode and the material ratio recorded in the embodiment 3. The cast copper sculpture casting production method controls the formula of the mould material, adjusts the formula of the mould material under different temperature conditions, avoids expansion or contraction of the wax mould due to temperature change, avoids the situation of crushing and retraction of the wax mould, delays the phase change time of the mould shell in a mode of controlling the roasting temperature in the roasting process of the mould shell, avoids expansion and crushing of the mould shell heated rapidly, and ensures smooth follow-up operation.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit 5 the technical solution of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A cast production method of a cast copper sculpture mainly comprises the following steps:
designing a drawing, designing the drawing according to the integral concept of the sculpture, and casting the sculpture according to the drawing;
secondly, making a clay draft, and making a model according to a design drawing;
thirdly, copying the mould, wherein the scheme of copying the mould is determined according to the complexity of the work, simple works are copied by gypsum, and complex works are copied by silica gel; the method is characterized in that: in the mould copying operation, a pouring gate, a riser, a main pouring gate, a branch pouring gate, an inner pouring gate, an exhaust riser, a blind riser and a slag collection bag are prepared before the mould is assembled;
fourthly, pouring wax patterns, pouring the melted wax materials into the manufactured mould after the mould is turned, and disassembling the mould after the wax materials are cooled; in the fourth step of wax pattern pouring operation, the pouring wax material is prepared by adopting a wax material formula with paraffin as a base, namely paraffin: 4.9-6.0kg, stearic acid: 0.21-0.28kg, microcrystalline wax: 0.20-0.26kg, rosin: 0.31-0.75kg, EVA: 0.1-0.16 kg;
fifthly, preparing shells, namely wrapping the prepared wax patterns layer by using quartz sand, and then burning the wax materials in the shells at high temperature, wherein in the shell preparation operation of the fifth step, after the surface of a wax mould is coated with a binder, the wax mould is wrapped with the quartz sand, the operation is repeated for at least three times, the binder is water-based silica sol, and after the wrapping of the quartz sand is finished, the following operations of (1) shell dewaxing, (2) shell roasting and (3) shell discharging are carried out; specifically, (1) dewaxing the shell by a hot water dewaxing method, and (2) roasting the shell by adopting a temperature gradient method, putting the wet shell into a roasting furnace, heating the shell to 100 ℃ in the furnace, roasting the shell for 30 to 60 minutes, heating the shell, keeping the temperature for 30 ' when the temperature in the furnace reaches 200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 ', keeping the temperature in the furnace at 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 ', keeping the temperature in the furnace at 850 ℃, stopping heating, and changing the temperature in the roasting process as follows:
Figure FDA0002705235210000021
(3) discharging the shell, and after the preparation work is finished, pulling the shell out of the roasting furnace;
sixthly, casting, namely melting copper into molten copper at high temperature and pouring the molten copper into a prepared shell; in the sixth step of casting operation, 62 brass is used as a casting raw material, the 62 brass requires 60.5-63.5% of copper, less than or equal to 0.5% of iron, less than or equal to 0.08% of lead, less than or equal to 0.005% of antimony, less than or equal to 0.002% of bismuth, less than or equal to 0.01% of phosphorus and the balance of zinc, and the smelting operation is as follows:
electrifying 50kw, adding a zinc block with the zinc content of 1/5, adding pure aluminum wires with the brass content of 0.3 percent, adding a copper block, adding forage to cover and heating up to 70kw, adding forage to cover, adding the zinc block piece by piece, simultaneously adding the forage continuously, adding phosphor copper, heating up to 80kw alloy temperature 1050-;
pouring molten copper obtained by the operation into a shell;
seventhly, cleaning sand, cutting, polishing and welding assembly, (1) cleaning sand, pouring a cooled shell, cleaning sand and removing the shell, (2) cutting, polishing and cutting the cast after removing the shell, (3) welding assembly, performing welding repair on the cast after cutting and polishing by using a casting material as a welding rod, and then assembling the cast into a copper sculpture according to a design drawing;
and step eight, coloring the surface, namely coloring the surface of the copper sculpture according to the design requirement.
2. The cast production method of a cast copper sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: the mould reproduction adopts the silica gel mould.
3. The cast production method of a cast copper sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: in the wax pattern pouring operation, the paraffin, the microcrystalline wax and the EVA are firstly melted when the wax is melted, and when the operation temperature is 28 ℃, the paraffin in the mould material is as follows: 4.9kg, EVA: 0.16kg, rosin: 0.31kg, room temperature at 22 ℃, paraffin wax: 5.5kg, EVA: 0.13kg, rosin: 0.52kg, room temperature lower than 20 ℃, 6.0kg of paraffin in the mould material, EVA: 0.1kg, rosin: 0.75kg, room temperature below 10 ℃, and 0.1-0.1kg of white vaseline needs to be added into the mold material.
4. The cast production method of a cast copper sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: when the silica gel mold is used for molding, a parting agent needs to be brushed, the parting agent is prepared automatically, wax liquid is brushed after the parting agent is dried, the quick method is used for brushing, the parting agent is dilute glue liquid, and the dilute glue liquid is a solution of polystyrene foam plate fragments and xylene liquid.
5. The cast production method of a cast copper sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: in the shell making operation, before the quartz sand is scattered, the surface of the wax mould is coated with alcohol soap liquid, after the alcohol is volatilized, the coating operation is carried out, and the alcohol soap liquid is prepared by using soap powder and industrial alcohol.
6. The cast production method of a cast copper sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: during the casting operation, the internal temperature of the shell was maintained at 390-450 ℃.
7. The cast production method of a cast copper sculpture according to claim 1, wherein: before the coloring operation, the copper carving is blown with 20-40 meshes of quartz sand, and then the operation is carried out after the whole copper carving is brushed by using a steel wire.
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