CN110548834B - Preparation method of bronze statue - Google Patents
Preparation method of bronze statue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110548834B CN110548834B CN201910979005.6A CN201910979005A CN110548834B CN 110548834 B CN110548834 B CN 110548834B CN 201910979005 A CN201910979005 A CN 201910979005A CN 110548834 B CN110548834 B CN 110548834B
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- mold
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- clay
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a bronze statue. The method is completed by the operation steps of molding an inner mold, manufacturing an outer mold, deoiling, pouring and demolding. The invention adopts an improved dewaxing method to cast a copper figure, mainly improves the formulas of an inner die and an outer die, adds a hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer into the inner die to accelerate the dripping speed of fluid and improve the recovery rate of raw materials of the die, and adds sunflower seed shell ash and dried cow dung into the outer die to solve the problems that the clay adopted in the prior art is easy to crack and the inner surface of the outer die has uneven fine lines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antique bronze statues, and particularly relates to an antique bronze statue preparation method.
Background
The preparation process of the copper figure comprises a lost wax method and a sand molding method. The sand molding method comprises the following process operation steps: firstly, a clay sculpture bronze statue sand mold is manufactured by a clay sculpture artist, then the clay sculpture bronze statue is taken out, a casting gate is reserved, then a filling core is prepared, after a copper alloy material is melted, the space in the sand mold and the filling core is filled along the casting gate, and after cooling, the sand mold is knocked open, so that the bronze statue is obtained. The defect of the bronze statue manufactured by the sand mold method is that the manufacturing process excessively depends on the operation technique of a craftsman, the surface of the bronze statue manufactured by the general craftsman is not fine, and often has sand holes, and the condition that the inner wall of the bronze statue of the cavity is not uniform is caused because the gap between the filling core and the cavity of the sand mold bronze statue is not easy to master. The copper statue cast by the lost wax method has fine and smooth surface and is easy to operate by a common craftsman, but the core of the copper statue manufactured by the lost wax method is the formula of the inner mold and the outer mold, and the ancient formula is lost, so that the ancient preparation process is extremely difficult to completely reproduce.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antique preparation method of a bronze statue.
A preparation method of a bronze statue comprises the following steps:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 60-100 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding;
(2) manufacturing an external mold: mixing the outer mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: (2-6), sealing and standing for 1-3 days to prepare external mold mud, then coating the external mold mud on the internal mold prepared in the step (1) for 3-6 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a mud mold;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting the copper liquid into the outer mold from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: and after the external mold is cooled, knocking the external mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image.
The plastic mould comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of mutton fat, 10-20 parts of paraffin, 5-8 parts of rosin and 3-5 parts of hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer.
The hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer does not change the plasticity of the material in the raw material of the mold, and because the hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer is a polymer with a longer molecular chain and a hydroxyl group at the end, the hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer reacts with carboxyl-terminated substances contained in the mutton tallow, the paraffin and the rosin in the high-temperature melting process of the material and is crosslinked, the raw material substances of the mold are less infiltrated into the raw material of the outer mold in the melting and dripping process, the proportion of the recovered raw material of the mold is increased, the raw material is saved, the dripping speed is high, the wax loss process step is accelerated, and the time is saved.
The outer mold comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of dry cow dung, 10-80 parts of clay, 5-15 parts of sunflower seed hull ash and 0-8 parts of rice hull.
In the outer mold raw materials, clay is used as a main material, but the clay is hardened to generate dry cracking, the problem of clay drying cracking can be solved by adding rice hulls and dry cow dung, but the material is rough and has tiny depressions and protrusions, the surface details of the manufactured copper image are not clear, particularly the small copper image with complex casting patterns is often unclear in surface texture, and the inventor finds that the inner surface of the outer mold is smooth by adding sunflower seed shell ash for blending, and few coarse patterns appear.
And (3) when the external mold mud is coated in the step (2), two holes are reserved, wherein one hole is used as a pouring gate during pouring, and the other hole is used for exhausting gas during pouring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a method for casting a copper figure by an ancient method described in the literature, wherein the copper figure is cast by an improved lost wax method, the formula of an inner die and an outer die is mainly improved, a hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer is added into the inner die to accelerate the dripping speed of fluid and improve the recovery rate of a mould raw material, and sunflower seed shell ash and dried cow dung are added into the outer die to solve the problems that clay is easy to crack and the inner surface of the outer die has uneven fine lines in the traditional method.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Molding materials
Selecting raw mutton fat, putting into an iron pan, heating on a furnace fire, and refining; pouring the refined mutton fat into another iron pan, adding paraffin, rosin and hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer for compatibility, uniformly mixing, taking the iron pan end away from a furnace fire, standing for cooling, and performing manual shaping after the mutton fat wax material is gradually condensed.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of the outer mold stock
Taking sunflower seed shells, stacking the sunflower seed shells on a kiln with small holes at the bottom, sealing the top of the kiln, uniformly reserving 3 chimneys, wherein the diameter of each small hole is 2.5cm, the small holes are arranged at intervals of 12cm, an ignition furnace chamber is arranged at the lower part of the kiln, firewood is filled in the furnace chamber, the firewood is ignited and combusted, the sunflower seed shells are combusted at the small holes, and the internal sunflower seed shells are fumigated and burnt into carbonized sunflower seed shell ash.
Mashing dried cow dung and clay, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, removing impurities, adding sunflower seed hull ash and rice hull, and mixing.
Example 3
A preparation method of a bronze statue comprises the following steps:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 80 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding; the preparation method of the plastic mold raw material is as in example 1, and the formula is as follows: 25 parts of mutton fat, 15 parts of paraffin, 6 parts of rosin and 4 parts of hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer;
(2) manufacturing an external mold: mixing the outer mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: 3, sealing and standing for 2 days to prepare external mold mud, then coating the external mold mud on the internal mold prepared in the step (1), coating for 4 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a mud mold; the preparation method of the outer mold raw material is as in example 2, and the formula is as follows: 25 parts of dry cow dung, 30 parts of clay, 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash and 5 parts of rice hull; wherein, the components do not contain rice hulls when the external mold raw materials are coated for the first time;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting the copper liquid into the outer mold from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: and after the external mold is cooled, knocking the external mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image.
Example 4
A preparation method of a bronze statue comprises the following steps:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 90 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding; the preparation method of the plastic mold raw material is as in example 1, and the formula is as follows: 28 parts of mutton fat, 12 parts of paraffin, 7 parts of rosin and 4 parts of hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer;
(2) manufacturing an external mold: mixing the outer mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: 3, sealing and standing for 3 days to prepare external mold mud, then coating the external mold mud on the internal mold prepared in the step (1) for 3 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a mud mold; the preparation method of the external mold material is as in example 2, and the formulation of the first coating pass is as follows: 29 parts of dry cow dung, 45 parts of clay and 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash; the formula for coating 2-3 times is as follows: 29 parts of dry cow dung, 70 parts of clay, 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash and 8 parts of rice hull;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting the copper liquid into the outer mold from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: and after the external mold is cooled, knocking the external mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image.
Example 5
A preparation method of a bronze statue comprises the following steps:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 90 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding; the preparation method of the plastic mold raw material is as in example 1, and the formula is as follows: 28 parts of mutton fat, 12 parts of paraffin, 7 parts of rosin and 4 parts of hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer;
(2) manufacturing an external mold: mixing the outer mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: 3, sealing and standing for 3 days to prepare external mold mud, then coating the external mold mud on the internal mold prepared in the step (1), coating for 4 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a mud mold; the preparation method of the external mold material is as in example 2, and the formulation of the first coating pass is as follows: 29 parts of dry cow dung, 45 parts of clay and 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash; the formula for coating 2-3 times is as follows: 29 parts of dry cow dung, 70 parts of clay, 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash and 8 parts of rice hull; the formula of the coating for the 4 th time is as follows: 70 parts of clay and 8 parts of rice husk;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting the copper liquid into the outer mold from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: and after the external mold is cooled, knocking the external mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image.
Example 6
A preparation method of a bronze statue comprises the following steps:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 90 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding; during molding, the clay core is molded by clay, then 1 wooden stick is inserted, and finally the molding raw material is molded on the clay core (the length of the wooden stick exceeds the width of the inner mold after molding), wherein the molding raw material is prepared by the following steps of: 28 parts of mutton fat, 12 parts of paraffin, 7 parts of rosin and 4 parts of hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer;
(2) manufacturing an external mold: mixing the outer mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: 3, sealing and standing for 3 days to prepare external mold mud, then coating the external mold mud on the internal mold prepared in the step (1) for 3 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a mud mold; the preparation method of the external mold material is as in example 2, and the formulation of the first coating pass is as follows: 29 parts of dry cow dung, 45 parts of clay and 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash; the formula for coating 2-3 times is as follows: 29 parts of dry cow dung, 70 parts of clay, 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash and 8 parts of rice hull;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting the copper liquid into the outer mold from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: and after the external mold is cooled, knocking the external mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image which is a hollow copper image.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a bronze statue comprises the following steps:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 80 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding; the preparation method of the plastic mold raw material is as in example 1, and the formula is as follows: 25 parts of mutton fat, 15 parts of paraffin and 6 parts of rosin;
(2) manufacturing an external mold: mixing the outer mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: 3, sealing and standing for 2 days to prepare external mold mud, then coating the external mold mud on the internal mold prepared in the step (1), coating for 4 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a mud mold; the preparation method of the outer mold raw material is as in example 2, and the formula is as follows: 25 parts of dry cow dung, 30 parts of clay, 12 parts of sunflower seed shell ash and 5 parts of rice hull; wherein, the components do not contain rice hulls when the external mold raw materials are coated for the first time;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting the copper liquid into the outer mold from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: and after the external mold is cooled, knocking the external mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a bronze statue comprises the following steps:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 80 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding; the preparation method of the plastic mold raw material is as in example 1, and the formula is as follows: 25 parts of mutton fat, 15 parts of paraffin, 6 parts of rosin and 4 parts of hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer;
(2) manufacturing an external mold: mixing the outer mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: 3, sealing and standing for 2 days to prepare external mold mud, then coating the external mold mud on the internal mold prepared in the step (1), coating for 4 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a mud mold; the preparation method of the outer mold raw material is as in example 2, and the formula is as follows: 25 parts of dry cow dung, 30 parts of clay and 5 parts of rice husk; wherein, the components do not contain rice hulls when the external mold raw materials are coated for the first time;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting the copper liquid into the outer mold from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: and after the external mold is cooled, knocking the external mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image.
Experimental example 1:
the recovery rates were calculated by weighing the mold materials of examples 3 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 before and after use in the preparation of copper images, and the recovery rate was calculated by the following equation: post-use weight/pre-use weight X100%, the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Note: represents P <0.05 compared to example 3.
Experimental example 2:
the surface details of the copper images prepared in examples 3-6 and comparative examples 1-2 were observed, and it was found that the surfaces of the copper images cast in the examples were smooth and free of casting marks except for the copper image prepared in comparative example 2 having a large number of fine raised marks, and the inventors found that, when a copper image having a large volume was cast, the thickness of the outer mold was increased, multiple layers of outer mold paste were applied, and the proportion of clay used was gradually increased in the outer mold material applied on the rear surface.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the bronze statue is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) molding an inner mold: heating the raw materials of the plastic mould to 60-100 ℃, uniformly mixing, cooling to room temperature, and performing manual moulding;
(2) preparing a mud mould: mixing the clay mold raw materials with water according to the proportion of 1: (2-6), sealing and standing for 1-3 days to prepare a pug, then coating the pug on the inner die prepared in the step (1) for 3-6 times, and drying in the shade to prepare a pug die;
(3) deoiling: baking the dried mud mold on fire, placing and receiving the mud mold under a container, melting the material of the mold, flowing into the container, and forming a cavity to be cast with a copper image in the mud mold;
(4) pouring: adding a copper material into a crucible, heating to a molten state, and injecting a copper liquid into a cavity of the copper image from a reserved pouring gate until the copper liquid overflows the pouring gate;
(5) demolding: after the clay mold is cooled, knocking the clay mold open by a hammer, and taking out the cast copper image;
the plastic mould comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of mutton fat, 10-20 parts of paraffin, 5-8 parts of rosin and 3-5 parts of hydroxyl-terminated 1, 3-butadiene homopolymer.
2. The preparation method of the bronze statue according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the clay model comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of dry cow dung, 10-80 parts of clay, 5-15 parts of sunflower seed hull ash and 0-8 parts of rice hull.
3. The method for preparing a brass image as set forth in claim 1, wherein two holes are reserved when the step (2) of applying the paste, one is used as a sprue during casting, and the other is used for exhausting gas during casting.
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Denomination of invention: A Method for Preparing Copper Images Effective date of registration: 20230711 Granted publication date: 20201218 Pledgee: Hubei Daye Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Hubei juechen Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023420000298 |
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