CN113059121A - Precision casting process for eliminating defects of deep-hole cast shell - Google Patents

Precision casting process for eliminating defects of deep-hole cast shell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113059121A
CN113059121A CN202110375950.2A CN202110375950A CN113059121A CN 113059121 A CN113059121 A CN 113059121A CN 202110375950 A CN202110375950 A CN 202110375950A CN 113059121 A CN113059121 A CN 113059121A
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Prior art keywords
shell
sand
mullite
airing
deep
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CN202110375950.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孟显强
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Strong H Machinery Technology Co ltd
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Strong H Machinery Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110375950.2A priority Critical patent/CN113059121A/en
Publication of CN113059121A publication Critical patent/CN113059121A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04Use of lost patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a precision casting process for eliminating defects of a deep-hole casting shell, and relates to the technical field of casting processing. According to the invention, the refractory zircon sand material is adopted to fill the deep hole in the shell manufacturing process, and the zircon sand is filled and compacted in a shell shaking manner by hands in the sand filling process, so that the hole core forms a solid sand core. Compared with the traditional process, the zircon sand core is used, so that the condition that bubbles are generated due to uneven casting of molten metal in the deep hole is avoided, the product yield is improved, and because the zircon sand is filled in the deep hole, the airing problem of the deep hole is not required to be considered during airing, the airing time is shortened, and the working efficiency is improved; according to the invention, by using the hollow wax mold, zircon sand can be directly poured into the wax mold from the opening of the wax mold when the sand core of the deep hole is manufactured, and then the shell is shaken to fill the deep hole with the zircon sand, so that the manufacturing efficiency of the sand core is improved; the invention simplifies the process and further improves the production efficiency by the step of not hardening the shell after the shell is manufactured.

Description

Precision casting process for eliminating defects of deep-hole cast shell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting processing, and particularly relates to a precision casting process for eliminating the defect of a deep-hole cast shell.
Background
The investment casting is also called lost wax casting, and comprises the procedures of wax pressing, wax trimming, tree forming, slurry dipping, wax melting, molten metal casting, post-treatment and the like. Lost wax casting is a process in which a wax pattern for a part to be cast is made of wax, and then the wax pattern is coated with a slurry to obtain a shell. And after the shell is dried, putting the shell into hot water to melt the internal wax mold, taking out the shell with the melted wax mold, pouring molten metal into the shell from a pouring gate, and cooling the shell to obtain the parts required by shell vibration.
However, the investment casting is easy to be lack of casting when deep hole casting is carried out, the airing time is long, the problems of iron plugging and shrinkage in the hole are serious, and the casting cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a precision casting process for eliminating the defects of a deep-hole cast shell, and solves the problems that the existing investment casting is easy to be insufficient in casting, long in airing time, serious in-hole iron filling and hole shrinkage and high in casting cost when the deep-hole casting is carried out.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a precision casting process for eliminating the defects of a deep-hole casting shell, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a wax mould used for the casting shell, wherein the middle of the wax mould is hollow, and a plurality of deep holes are formed in the peripheral side surface of the wax mould;
step two: putting the wax mould in a cleaning agent for cleaning for 15S, removing dust and impurities on the surface, and quickly drying;
step three: uniformly coating zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 40mPa.s, which is prepared from 325-mesh zirconium powder, on the surface of a wax mould, then uniformly spraying 80-120-mesh zirconium sand, and then airing to form a surface layer shell, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step four: uniformly coating zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 20-22mPa.s, which is prepared from 325-mesh zirconium powder, on the surface of the surface-layer shell zirconium sand, then uniformly spraying 80-120-mesh mullite sand, and then airing to form a second-layer shell, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step five: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from 200 meshes of mullite powder, on the surface of the mullite sand of the second layer of shells, then uniformly spraying 35 meshes of mullite sand, and then airing to form a third layer of shells, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step six: after the third layer of shell is dried, pouring a small amount of 80-120-mesh zircon sand into the wax mold from the opening of the wax mold, then shaking the shell by holding the wax mold, enabling the zircon sand to enter the deep hole on the peripheral side of the wax mold, filling and compacting, and then sealing the orifice of the deep hole by using zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 40mPa.s and a small amount of mullite powder to enable the zircon sand in the deep hole to form a solid sand core;
step seven: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from mullite powder of 200 meshes, on the surface of the mullite sand of the third layer, uniformly spraying mullite sand of 22 meshes, and then airing to form a shell of the fourth layer, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step eight: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from 200 meshes of mullite powder, on the surface of the mullite sand in the fourth layer of shells, uniformly spraying 22 meshes of mullite sand, and then airing to form a fifth layer of shells, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step nine: uniformly coating 200-mesh mullite powder on the outer surface of the mullite sand of the fifth layer of shell to prepare mullite slurry with the viscosity of 10mPa.s, finishing the preparation of the shell, and airing for later use;
step ten: putting the manufactured shell into a dewaxing kettle for heating, and quickly melting a wax mold to form a cavity;
step eleven: placing the prepared shell into an electric heating furnace for roasting to harden the shell;
step twelve: casting molten metal in a cavity of the shell, after cooling, shattering the shell by using a pneumatic shell vibrating machine, taking out the zircon sand core in the deep hole to obtain a blank, and finally machining the deep hole of the blank.
Preferably, the working power of the electric heating furnace is 100KW, the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5h, if the temperature is too low, the shell cannot be burnt through, the strength is not high, and the temperature can be slightly higher than 1150 ℃ when the shell is actually fired.
Preferably, the air pressure of the pneumatic shell vibrating machine during shell vibrating is 0.8MPa, so that an air hammer of the pneumatic shell vibrating machine can shatter the shell.
Preferably, the cleaning agent is an environment-friendly cleaning agent YQ-A01, so that the cleaning agent is more environment-friendly.
Preferably, manual sanding and manual slurry coating are adopted in the process of making the shell of the surface layer, because the subsequent casting quality is directly influenced by the uniformity of zirconium sand and zirconium slurry of the surface layer, and the manual sanding and the manual slurry coating can ensure that the surface layer is uniformly coated without dead angles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the traditional deep hole casting process is improved, the refractory zircon sand material is filled in the deep hole after the third layer of shell is made, the zircon sand is filled and plugged in a mode of shaking the shell by hand in the sand filling process, and finally the orifice is sealed by adding mullite powder into the two layers of zircon slurry, so that the hole core forms a solid sand core which can resist the impact force of molten steel in the pouring process;
2. according to the invention, by using the hollow wax mold, zircon sand can be directly poured into the wax mold from the opening of the wax mold when the sand core of the deep hole is manufactured, and then the shell is shaken to fill the deep hole with the zircon sand, so that the manufacturing efficiency of the sand core is improved;
3. the invention simplifies the process and further improves the production efficiency by the step of not hardening the shell after the shell is manufactured.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a precision casting process for eliminating deep-hole casting shell defects according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention is a precision casting process for eliminating the deep hole cast shell defect, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a wax mould used for the casting shell, wherein the middle of the wax mould is hollow, and a plurality of deep holes are formed in the peripheral side surface of the wax mould;
step two: putting the wax mould in a cleaning agent for cleaning for 15S, removing dust and impurities on the surface, and quickly drying;
step three: uniformly coating zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 40mPa.s, which is prepared from 325-mesh zirconium powder, on the surface of a wax mould, then uniformly spraying 80-120-mesh zirconium sand, and then airing to form a surface layer shell, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step four: uniformly coating zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 20-22mPa.s, which is prepared from 325-mesh zirconium powder, on the surface of the surface-layer shell zirconium sand, then uniformly spraying 80-120-mesh mullite sand, and then airing to form a second-layer shell, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step five: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from 200 meshes of mullite powder, on the surface of the mullite sand of the second layer of shells, then uniformly spraying 35 meshes of mullite sand, and then airing to form a third layer of shells, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step six: after the third layer of shell is dried, pouring a small amount of 80-120-mesh zircon sand into the wax mold from the opening of the wax mold, then shaking the shell by holding the wax mold, enabling the zircon sand to enter the deep hole on the peripheral side of the wax mold, filling and compacting, and then sealing the orifice of the deep hole by using zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 40mPa.s and a small amount of mullite powder to enable the zircon sand in the deep hole to form a solid sand core;
step seven: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from mullite powder of 200 meshes, on the surface of the mullite sand of the third layer, uniformly spraying mullite sand of 22 meshes, and then airing to form a shell of the fourth layer, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step eight: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from 200 meshes of mullite powder, on the surface of the mullite sand in the fourth layer of shells, uniformly spraying 22 meshes of mullite sand, and then airing to form a fifth layer of shells, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step nine: uniformly coating 200-mesh mullite powder on the outer surface of the mullite sand of the fifth layer of shell to prepare mullite slurry with the viscosity of 10mPa.s, finishing the preparation of the shell, and airing for later use;
step ten: putting the manufactured shell into a dewaxing kettle for heating, and quickly melting a wax mold to form a cavity;
step eleven: placing the prepared shell into an electric heating furnace for roasting to harden the shell;
step twelve: casting molten metal in a cavity of the shell, after cooling, shattering the shell by using a pneumatic shell vibrating machine, taking out the zircon sand core in the deep hole to obtain a blank, and finally machining the deep hole of the blank.
Further, the working power of the electric heating furnace is 100KW, the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5h, if the temperature is too low, the shell cannot be burnt through, the strength is not high, and the temperature can be slightly higher than 1150 ℃ during actual burning.
Furthermore, the air pressure of the pneumatic shell vibrating machine during shell vibrating is 0.8MPa, so that the air hammer of the pneumatic shell vibrating machine can shatter the shell.
Furthermore, the cleaning agent is an environment-friendly cleaning agent YQ-A01, so that the cleaning agent is more environment-friendly.
Furthermore, manual sanding and manual slurry coating are adopted in the surface layer shell manufacturing process, because the subsequent casting quality is directly influenced by the uniformity of zirconium sand and zirconium slurry of the surface layer, and the uniform surface layer coating can be ensured without dead angles through the manual sanding and the manual slurry coating.
Example two:
the invention relates to a precision casting process for eliminating the defects of a deep-hole cast shell, which has the following comparison conditions with the traditional process:
wax mould Deep hole sand core Machining Influence of
The process of the invention Hollow wax mould Zircon sand core Reaming and deburring the blank The deep hole is easy to cool after the sand core is adopted, the condition of bubbles is reduced, the yield is high, and the machining efficiency is high
Prior art technique Solid wax mould Sand-free core Punching and deburring the blank The deep hole is easy to have the condition of insufficient casting, the yield is not high, and the machining time is relatively more
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A precision casting process for eliminating the defects of a deep-hole casting shell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a wax mould used for the casting shell, wherein the middle of the wax mould is hollow, and a plurality of deep holes are formed in the peripheral side surface of the wax mould;
step two: putting the wax mould in a cleaning agent for cleaning for 15S, removing dust and impurities on the surface, and quickly drying;
step three: uniformly coating zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 40mPa.s, which is prepared from 325-mesh zirconium powder, on the surface of a wax mould, then uniformly spraying 80-120-mesh zirconium sand, and then airing to form a surface layer shell, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step four: uniformly coating zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 20-22mPa.s, which is prepared from 325-mesh zirconium powder, on the surface of the surface-layer shell zirconium sand, then uniformly spraying 80-120-mesh mullite sand, and then airing to form a second-layer shell, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step five: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from 200 meshes of mullite powder, on the surface of the mullite sand of the second layer of shells, then uniformly spraying 35 meshes of mullite sand, and then airing to form a third layer of shells, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step six: after the third layer of shell is dried, pouring a small amount of 80-120-mesh zircon sand into the wax mold from the opening of the wax mold, then shaking the shell by holding the wax mold, enabling the zircon sand to enter the deep hole on the peripheral side of the wax mold, filling and compacting, and then sealing the orifice of the deep hole by using zirconium slurry with the viscosity of 40mPa.s and a small amount of mullite powder to enable the zircon sand in the deep hole to form a solid sand core;
step seven: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from mullite powder of 200 meshes, on the surface of the mullite sand of the third layer, uniformly spraying mullite sand of 22 meshes, and then airing to form a shell of the fourth layer, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step eight: uniformly coating mullite slurry with the viscosity of 14mPa.s, which is prepared from 200 meshes of mullite powder, on the surface of the mullite sand in the fourth layer of shells, uniformly spraying 22 meshes of mullite sand, and then airing to form a fifth layer of shells, wherein the airing temperature is 24 ℃;
step nine: uniformly coating 200-mesh mullite powder on the outer surface of the mullite sand of the fifth layer of shell to prepare mullite slurry with the viscosity of 10mPa.s, finishing the preparation of the shell, and airing for later use;
step ten: putting the manufactured shell into a dewaxing kettle for heating, and quickly melting a wax mold to form a cavity;
step eleven: placing the prepared shell into an electric heating furnace for roasting to harden the shell;
step twelve: casting molten metal in a cavity of the shell, after cooling, shattering the shell by using a pneumatic shell vibrating machine, taking out the zircon sand core in the deep hole to obtain a blank, and finally machining the deep hole of the blank.
2. The precision casting process for eliminating the defects of the deep-hole cast shell according to claim 1, wherein the working power of the electric heating furnace is 100KW, the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, and the holding time is 0.5 h.
3. The precision casting process for eliminating the defects of the deep-hole casting shell according to claim 1, wherein the air pressure of the shell vibrating of the pneumatic shell vibrating machine is 0.8 MPa.
4. The precision casting process for eliminating the defects of the deep-hole casting shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning agent is an environment-friendly cleaning agent YQ-A01.
5. The precision casting process for eliminating the defects of the deep-hole cast shell according to claim 1, wherein manual sanding and manual slurry coating are adopted in the process of manufacturing the shell by the surface layer.
CN202110375950.2A 2021-04-08 2021-04-08 Precision casting process for eliminating defects of deep-hole cast shell Pending CN113059121A (en)

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CN113996762A (en) * 2021-10-22 2022-02-01 泰州华丰精密铸造有限公司 Precision casting device and process for eliminating metal liquid bubbles in casting

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Application publication date: 20210702