CN116329484A - Precision casting method for large castings - Google Patents

Precision casting method for large castings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116329484A
CN116329484A CN202310101341.7A CN202310101341A CN116329484A CN 116329484 A CN116329484 A CN 116329484A CN 202310101341 A CN202310101341 A CN 202310101341A CN 116329484 A CN116329484 A CN 116329484A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mould
sand
wax
casting
large casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310101341.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋树萍
孙春燕
张立华
侯爱云
李靖
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wudi Zhongcheng Stainless Steel Products Co ltd
Original Assignee
Wudi Zhongcheng Stainless Steel Products Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wudi Zhongcheng Stainless Steel Products Co ltd filed Critical Wudi Zhongcheng Stainless Steel Products Co ltd
Priority to CN202310101341.7A priority Critical patent/CN116329484A/en
Publication of CN116329484A publication Critical patent/CN116329484A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04Use of lost patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C3/00Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/02Lost patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a precision casting method of a large casting, and relates to the field of casting manufacturing. The precision casting method of the large casting comprises the following steps: adopting a computer to design a standard model of the large casting, and step two: manufacturing a large casting model mould by adopting a 3D printer, preparing a wax mould by using the mould, and step three: uniformly spraying a first layer of fine sand on the wax mould, repeating the steps after air drying for a plurality of times, and step four: putting the wax mould into an oven, heating to demould the wax mould to obtain a sand shell, and step five: pouring a metal solution into a sand shell, adding a proportioning solution and an ammonium chloride solution, and step six: and (5) after cooling and solidifying, breaking the sand shell on the outermost layer. The large casting mold model is prepared through 3D printing, the operation is simple and convenient, the efficiency is higher, the proportioning solution and the ammonium chloride solution are added during pouring, so that the metal solution can be better adhered to the air holes in the casting, floating sand in the casting is taken away, and the precision of a finished product is further improved.

Description

Precision casting method for large castings
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of casting manufacture, in particular to a precision casting method of a large casting.
Background
The lost wax casting is to make a wax mould of the part to be cast by using wax, then to coat the wax mould with slurry, namely a mud mould, after the mud mould is dried, the internal wax mould is melted in hot water, the mud mould after the melted wax mould is taken out and baked into a ceramic mould, once baked, a pouring opening is left in the mud mould, then molten metal is poured into the pouring opening, and after cooling, the required part is manufactured.
However, for large castings, because the size of the castings is too large, when the die manufacture is carried out, a plurality of die parts are usually needed to be spliced and assembled, the operation is complex, time and labor are wasted, gaps generated in die splicing can affect the quality of final finished products, and secondly, in the manufacturing process of the large castings, the surface smoothness is poor after casting by adopting conventional steps due to the surface roughness, more air holes with smaller apertures exist in the castings, floating sand can exist in the air holes, stainless steel solution is difficult to adhere to the air holes, and the precision of finished products after investment is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a precision casting method of a large casting, which solves the problems that the splicing and assembling operation is tedious, time-consuming and labor-consuming when the large casting is manufactured by a die, meanwhile, the surface smoothness of the casting after an investment is poor, stainless steel solution is difficult to adhere to the inside of an air hole, and the precision of a finished product after the investment is affected.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the precision casting method of the large casting comprises the following steps:
step one: adopting computer engineering software to design a standard model of the large casting;
step two: printing a standard model design by adopting a multi-axis linkage mechanical control 3D printer to manufacture a large casting model mould, preparing a plurality of industrial wax solid core models by using the mould, and finishing the residual quantity around the wax mould;
step three: uniformly spraying a first layer of fine sand on a plurality of wax patterns fixed on a die head after industrial glue is coated, naturally air-drying the wax patterns sprayed with the first layer of fine sand at room temperature, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and uniformly coating a layer of white industrial latex;
step four: putting the wax mould which is fixed on the mould head and completes the sand blasting and air drying process into a special metal-sealed oven, heating and demoulding to obtain a sand shell, and baking the sand shell at high temperature;
step five: pouring the metal solution which is dissolved into liquid state at high temperature into the dewaxed sand shell, and simultaneously adding the proportioning solution and the ammonium chloride solution, wherein the liquid metal solution fills the space formed by the previous wax mould until the space is completely filled, including the middle mould head part;
step six: after the liquid metal solution is cooled and solidified, the sand shell on the outermost layer is broken up by means of a mechanical tool or manpower, and the solid metal product is exposed to obtain a required blank, and the blank is subjected to post-treatment to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the printing material of the 3D printer in the second step is one or more of alumina silica, zirconia and alumina which are ceramic materials.
Preferably, the large casting model mould in the second step is divided into an upper die mode and a lower die mode, the method is completed through comprehensive procedures such as turning, planing, milling, etching, electric spark and the like, the shape and the size of a pit are consistent with those of a half side of a product, an aluminum alloy material is selected as a mould material, a plurality of wax moulds are stuck on a mould head prepared in advance after deburring in the finishing step, and the mould head is also an industrial wax solid model produced by using the wax moulds.
Preferably, the first air drying time in the third step is 5-8h, the sand blasting times are correspondingly adjusted according to the surface requirements, the volume, the dead weight and the like of specific products, the sand blasting times are generally 3-7 times, and the sand grain size of each sand blasting is different.
Preferably, the white industrial latex in the third step is silicon slurry to bond and solidify the sand mould and seal the wax mould, so as to prepare for the subsequent baking process.
Preferably, a steam oven is adopted as the special oven in the fourth step, the temperature of the oven is about 150 ℃, the time is 3-5h, the high-temperature baking temperature of the sand shell in the fourth step is 950-1100 ℃, and the baking time is 20-30min.
Preferably, the proportioning solution in the fifth step is formed by mixing 20-30% of talcum powder, 1-2% of corundum powder, 1-2% of quartz powder, 0.1% of JFC, 5-8% of water glass and water, wherein the mass percentage of the ammonium chloride solution is 0.5% -1%, and the concentration is 15% -20%.
Preferably, the post-treatment step in the step six comprises checking, shot blasting and acid washing, wherein the checking step is to check whether the surface has sand holes and air holes, and if so, argon arc repair welding is adopted.
The invention provides a precision casting method of a large casting. The beneficial effects are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the large casting mold model is prepared by adopting 3D printing, so that the mold assembly step is omitted, and the large casting mold model is directly integrally processed, so that the precision of the casting mold is improved, the quality of castings is ensured, the operation is simple and convenient, and the efficiency is higher.
2. According to the invention, the surface of the wax mould is subjected to multiple times of sand blasting treatment, so that the smoothness of the surface of the finished product can be greatly improved, the quality of the finished product is improved, and meanwhile, the proportioning solution and the ammonium chloride solution are added during pouring, so that the stainless steel solution can be better adhered to the air holes in the pump shell, floating sand in the stainless steel solution is taken away, and the precision of the finished product is further improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
the embodiment of the invention provides a precision casting method of a large casting, which comprises the following steps:
step one: adopting computer engineering software to design a standard model of the large casting;
step two: printing a standard model design by adopting a multi-axis linkage mechanical control 3D printer to manufacture a large casting model mould, preparing a plurality of industrial wax solid core models by using the mould, and finishing the residual quantity around the wax mould;
step three: uniformly spraying a first layer of fine sand on a plurality of wax patterns fixed on a die head after industrial glue is coated, naturally air-drying the wax patterns sprayed with the first layer of fine sand at room temperature, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and uniformly coating a layer of white industrial latex;
step four: putting the wax mould which is fixed on the mould head and completes the sand blasting and air drying process into a special metal-sealed oven, heating and demoulding to obtain a sand shell, and baking the sand shell at high temperature;
step five: pouring the metal solution which is dissolved into liquid state at high temperature into the dewaxed sand shell, and simultaneously adding the proportioning solution and the ammonium chloride solution, wherein the liquid metal solution fills the space formed by the previous wax mould until the space is completely filled, including the middle mould head part;
step six: after the liquid metal solution is cooled and solidified, the sand shell on the outermost layer is broken up by means of a mechanical tool or manpower, and the solid metal product is exposed to obtain a required blank, and the blank is subjected to post-treatment to obtain a finished product.
In this embodiment, the printing material of the 3D printer in the second step is one or more of alumina silica, zirconia and alumina which are ceramic materials.
Furthermore, the large casting model mould in the second step is divided into an upper die mode and a lower die mode, the method is completed through comprehensive procedures such as turning, planing, milling, etching, electric spark and the like, the shape and the size of a pit are consistent with those of a half side of a product, an aluminum alloy material is selected as a mould material, a plurality of wax moulds are adhered to a mould head prepared in advance after the fine trimming step is performed, and the mould head is also an industrial wax solid model produced by using the wax moulds.
Specifically, the die material is an aluminum alloy material, the melting point of the aluminum alloy material is low, the hardness is low, the requirement is low, the price is low, the weight is light, the die is suitable for being used as a die, the finishing step is to adhere a plurality of wax dies on a die head prepared in advance after deburring, and the die head is also an industrial wax solid core model produced by the wax dies.
Further, in the third step, the first air drying time is 5-8 hours, the sand blasting times are correspondingly adjusted according to the surface requirements, the volume, the dead weight and the like of specific products, the sand blasting times are generally 3-7 times, and the sand sizes of sand blasting are different each time.
Specifically, the sand grains of the subsequent process are coarser than those of the previous process, the air drying time is gradually increased, and the production period of the sand on a complete wax pattern is generally about 3-4 days.
Furthermore, the white industrial latex in the third step is silicon slurry to play roles in bonding and curing the sand mould and sealing the wax mould, so that preparation is made for the subsequent baking process, meanwhile, after the baking process, the brittleness of the sand mould can be improved, the sand layer can be broken conveniently, and the blank can be taken out.
Furthermore, a steam oven is adopted as a special oven in the fourth step, the temperature of the oven is about 150 ℃, the time is 3-5 hours, the high-temperature baking temperature of the sand shell in the fourth step is 950-1100 ℃, and the baking time is 20-30 minutes, and before the stainless steel water is poured, the sand shell is required to be baked, so that the sand shell after wax removal is firmer and firmer.
Specifically, wax water is formed by wax pattern thermal melting and flows out along a gate, the process is dewaxing, the wax pattern after wax removal is only an empty sand shell, the key of precision casting is to use the empty sand shell, generally the wax can be repeatedly used for a plurality of times, but the wax must be filtered again, otherwise, unclean wax can influence the surface quality of a blank, such as surface sand holes and pits, and meanwhile, the shrinkage of a precision casting product can be influenced.
Further, the proportioning solution in the fifth step is formed by mixing 20-30% of talcum powder, 1-2% of corundum powder, 1-2% of quartz powder, 0.1% of JFC, 5-8% of water glass and water, wherein the mass percentage of the ammonium chloride solution is 0.5% -1%, and the concentration is 15% -20%.
Specifically, materials with different components are mixed in a stainless steel-dissolved boiler, and a factory has to detect the percentage of the materials, and then debug the boiler according to the required proportion, so that the required effect is achieved.
Further, the post-treatment step in the step six comprises checking, shot blasting and acid washing, wherein the checking step is to check whether the surface has sand holes and air holes, if so, argon arc repair welding is adopted, and the shot blasting and acid washing are used for removing impurities such as surface oxide skin and the like to improve the appearance quality.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. The precision casting method of the large casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: adopting computer engineering software to design a standard model of the large casting;
step two: printing a standard model design by adopting a multi-axis linkage mechanical control 3D printer to manufacture a large casting model mould, preparing a plurality of industrial wax solid core models by using the mould, and finishing the residual quantity around the wax mould;
step three: uniformly spraying a first layer of fine sand on a plurality of wax patterns fixed on a die head after industrial glue is coated, naturally air-drying the wax patterns sprayed with the first layer of fine sand at room temperature, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and uniformly coating a layer of white industrial latex;
step four: putting the wax mould which is fixed on the mould head and completes the sand blasting and air drying process into a special metal-sealed oven, heating and demoulding to obtain a sand shell, and baking the sand shell at high temperature;
step five: pouring the metal solution which is dissolved into liquid state at high temperature into the dewaxed sand shell, and simultaneously adding the proportioning solution and the ammonium chloride solution, wherein the liquid metal solution fills the space formed by the previous wax mould until the space is completely filled, including the middle mould head part;
step six: after the liquid metal solution is cooled and solidified, the sand shell on the outermost layer is broken up by means of a mechanical tool or manpower, and the solid metal product is exposed to obtain a required blank, and the blank is subjected to post-treatment to obtain a finished product.
2. The precision casting method of a large casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the printing material of the 3D printer is one or more of ceramic materials such as alumina silica, zirconia and alumina.
3. The precision casting method of a large casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a large casting model mould in the second step is divided into an upper die mode and a lower die mode, the method is completed through comprehensive procedures of turning, planing, milling, etching, electric spark and the like, the shape and the size of a pit are consistent with those of a half side of a product, an aluminum alloy material is selected as a mould material, a plurality of wax moulds are adhered to a mould head prepared in advance after deburring in the finishing step, and the mould head is an industrial wax solid model produced by the wax moulds.
4. The precision casting method of a large casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first air drying time in the third step is 5-8h, the sand blasting times are correspondingly adjusted according to the surface requirements, the volume, the dead weight and the like of specific products, the sand blasting times are generally 3-7 times, and the sand grain size of each sand blasting is different.
5. The precision casting method of a large casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the white industrial latex in the third step is silicon slurry to bond and solidify the sand mould and seal the wax mould, so as to prepare for the subsequent baking process.
6. The precision casting method of a large casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special baking oven in the fourth step adopts a steam oven, the temperature of the baking oven is about 150 ℃, the time is 3-5h, the high-temperature baking temperature of the sand shell in the fourth step is 950-1100 ℃, and the baking time is 20-30min.
7. The precision casting method of a large casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solution in the fifth step is formed by mixing 20-30% of talcum powder, 1-2% of corundum powder, 1-2% of quartz powder, 0.1% of JFC, 5-8% of water glass and water, wherein the mass percentage of the ammonium chloride solution is 0.5% -1% and the concentration is 15% -20%.
8. The precision casting method of a large casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step six, the post-treatment step comprises checking, shot blasting and acid washing, wherein the checking step is to check whether the surface has sand holes and air holes, and if so, argon arc repair welding is adopted.
CN202310101341.7A 2023-02-08 2023-02-08 Precision casting method for large castings Pending CN116329484A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310101341.7A CN116329484A (en) 2023-02-08 2023-02-08 Precision casting method for large castings

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310101341.7A CN116329484A (en) 2023-02-08 2023-02-08 Precision casting method for large castings

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116329484A true CN116329484A (en) 2023-06-27

Family

ID=86886640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310101341.7A Pending CN116329484A (en) 2023-02-08 2023-02-08 Precision casting method for large castings

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116329484A (en)

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