CN109744362B - Mixed feed additive for tilapia - Google Patents
Mixed feed additive for tilapia Download PDFInfo
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- CN109744362B CN109744362B CN201811374413.0A CN201811374413A CN109744362B CN 109744362 B CN109744362 B CN 109744362B CN 201811374413 A CN201811374413 A CN 201811374413A CN 109744362 B CN109744362 B CN 109744362B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tilapia
- oligosaccharide
- feed additive
- mixed feed
- agaricus blazei
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- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 241001327634 Agaricus blazei Species 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a mixed feed additive for tilapia, belonging to the field of aquaculture, comprising feed additive raw materials containing crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation products, which are used for applying to tilapia to improve the meat quality of tilapia; carboxylic acid esters having a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections in tilapia mossambica; the oligosaccharide composition is beneficial to reducing the death rate of fishes and improving intestinal microbial flora. The invention also provides a tilapia mixed feed containing the basic feed and a tilapia mixed feed additive. The beneficial effects are that: the additive can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, improves the growth rate of tilapia, reduces the feed-meat ratio and the culture period, can improve the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies, and can improve the antioxidation and heavy metal antagonistic capability of tilapia.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a mixed feed additive for tilapia.
Background
Tilapia, commonly known as: african crucian carp, non-crucian carp, Vietnam fish, south crucian carp, etc. The original means the non-crucian fish species hatched from the Mornebick as the mode production area: morus alba Bike mouth hatching non-crucian (the name of Oreochromyis mossambicaus), which is now commonly known as a plurality of fishes in Cichlidae non-crucian and mouth hatching non-crucian; and is called Tilapia in English. At present, the fresh water fish culture is a key scientific research and culture fish culture of world aquaculture industry and is praised as one of the main sources of future animal protein. Generally, the water can live in fresh water, can live in salt water with different salt contents, and can also live in shallow water of lakes, rivers and ponds. It has strong adaptability, can be propagated in water area with small area, can be grown even in paddy field, and has strong adaptability to water with less dissolved oxygen. Most tilapia mossambica are omnivorous and often eat plants and debris in water. Each 100 g of meat contains about 20.5g of protein, about 6.93g of fat, about 148 kcal of heat, about 70mg of calcium, about 50mg of sodium, about 37mg of phosphorus, about 1mg of iron, about 0.1mg of vitamin B1, about 0.12mg of vitamin B2, and tilapia is a major cultivated fish in the world. Tilapia mossambica has delicious meat taste and tender meat quality, contains various unsaturated fatty acids and abundant proteins, and is called as a protein source without proteins in Japan. At present, compound feed is mainly used as a main feeding method, but the nutrient components in the ingredients are not reasonable, which is very unfavorable for the growth of tilapia, so that tilapia feed with rich nutrition is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tilapia mixed feed additive, which can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, improves the growth rate of tilapia, reduces the feed conversion ratio and the culture period, can improve the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies, and can improve the antioxidation and heavy metal antagonistic capability of tilapia.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a tilapia mixed feed additive comprises:
a feed additive raw material comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation product for applying to tilapia mossambica to improve meat quality of tilapia mossambica;
carboxylic acid esters having a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections in tilapia mossambica;
the oligosaccharide composition is beneficial to reducing the death rate of fishes and improving intestinal microbial flora. The enrichment amount of selenium in the mixed feed additive is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies and also is beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and heavy metal antagonism of tilapia, so that tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of tilapia and the culture benefit; help to reduce fish mortality, improve intestinal microbial flora, increase nutrient absorption, maintain gastrointestinal health, and/or reduce the need for antibiotics; can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia and reducing the feed conversion ratio and the culture period.
In the feed additive raw material for application to tilapia mossambica to improve meat quality of tilapia mossambica comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation product, the crustacean waste and beans include 2.5-3.0 wt% of agaricus species on a dry matter basis, and the feed additive raw material has a water content (relative to dry matter) of less than 5.6%; the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is rich in agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, the enrichment amount of selenium is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of the selenium in the tilapia, and is also beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and the heavy metal antagonistic capacity of the tilapia, so that the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia and improve the culture benefit.
Preferably, the crustacean waste is selected from one or two of shrimp shells and crab shells, and is crushed into particles with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm.
Preferably, the beans are selected from one or more of mung beans, red beans, peas and soybeans, and are ground into particles with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm.
Preferably, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is prepared by the following method:
placing 1L of liquid strain culture medium in a 3L container, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min, cooling, inoculating Agaricus blazei Murill solid strain, placing in 100-120 r/min reciprocating horizontal shaking table, and performing constant temperature shaking culture at 25 deg.C for 10-12 d to obtain liquid strain;
taking 300-500 mL of liquid fermentation culture medium, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min in a triangular flask, cooling, inoculating 10mL of liquid strain, placing in a shaking table at 25 ℃ and fermenting for 22-28 d at the rotating speed of 80-120 r/min, after the fermentation is finished, centrifuging the fermentation liquid for 15-30 min at 3000-4000 r/min, collecting hyphae, washing, placing in an electric heating drying oven at 40-45 ℃ for drying, weighing, grinding into powder, and sieving with a sieve of 80-120 meshes for later use.
As a further preference of the invention, the liquid seed culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: peeled potato 20E25%, 2.8-3.0% of glucose, 0.25-0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.25-0.3% of yeast extract and KH2PO40.3-0.4%, ethylene oxide methanol 0.025-0.05%, MgSO4·7H20.1-0.12% of O, 10.01-0.02% of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; the liquid strain culture medium can provide sufficient nitrogen source, carbon source and various elements for the agaricus blazei murill strain, so that the agaricus blazei murill can be rapidly expanded and cultured, a trace amount of ethylene oxide methanol is added into the liquid strain culture medium to facilitate the synthesis of agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, the ethylene oxide methanol is self-polymerized into 2-5 polymers, the oligomers can stimulate the agaricus blazei murill cells on the gene level, the cell polysaccharide yield is enhanced, the agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide yield is increased by 40-50%, and the polysaccharide content in the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is greatly increased; after the agaricus blazei polysaccharide is absorbed and utilized by tilapia, the agaricus blazei polysaccharide is beneficial to promoting the proliferation of macrophages, releasing NO and secreting tumor necrosis factors, gamma-interferon, interleukin 1 and interleukin 8, has the enhancement effect on nonspecific immunity, specific immunity and cellular immunity systems of tilapia, enhances the physique of tilapia, reduces the morbidity and mortality, and increases the production and income.
As a further preference of the invention, the liquid fermentation medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: 2.5-3% of corn flour, 1.8-2% of glucose, 0.2-0.25% of ammonium sulfate, 0.28-0.3% of yeast extract and KH2PO40.2 to 0.22%, 0.15 to 0.2% of pentanediol, MgSO4·7H20.08-0.1% of O, 10.01-0.02% of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; selenium enrichment in agaricus blazei mycelium can be realized without adding a selenium source in a liquid fermentation culture medium, and after pentanediol is absorbed by the agaricus blazei, the combination of selenium and amino acid, particularly methionine, can be promoted, so that the absorption and enrichment of the agaricus blazei to the selenium in the fermentation culture medium are promoted, the accumulation effect of tilapia on the selenium is strengthened, the antagonism of the tilapia on harmful heavy metals in feed and water environment is facilitated, the accumulation of selenium in tilapia can be improved, the antioxidation effect and the heavy metal antagonism ability of the tilapia are facilitated, the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia, and the culture benefit can be improved.
The carboxylic acid ester is selected from:
a lactyl-carboxylic acid ester according to formula 1,
formula 1: r1-COO-[-CH(CH3)-COO]n-R2
Or/and P, Li, Mn, Ca, Na, NH thereof4Or a Co (II) salt of a compound of formula (I),
a butanoyl carboxylic acid ester of formula 2,
formula 2: r1-COO-[-CH2-(CH3)2-COO]n-R2
Or/and P, Li, Mn (II), Ca, Na, NH thereof4Or a Co (II) salt,
in the above formula, R1Selected from phenyl, n represents an integer having a value of 2 to 8, and R2Is selected from C3～C10An alkyl or alkenyl chain; the carboxylate product is applied to tilapia feed or feed additive, can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia, reducing the feed-meat ratio and the culture period, and increasing the economic benefit.
The oligosaccharide composition has the following distribution of types of glycosidic linkages:
at least 5 mol% of alpha- (1,2) glycosidic linkages; and
at least 5 mol% of beta- (1,4) glycosidic linkages, and
wherein at least 15% by dry weight of said oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerisation of at least 3.
The oligosaccharide composition comprises: trehalose-chitosan-oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, galactose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-oligosaccharide, xylose-fructose-oligosaccharide, panose-oligosaccharide, fructose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, sucrose-fructose-oligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, sucrose oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-oligosaccharide, maltose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-maltose-oligosaccharide, gentiobiose-glucose-oligosaccharide, xylose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-gentiobiose-oligosaccharide. The oligosaccharide composition applied to the feed or the feed additive has beneficial health effect for feeding tilapia, is beneficial to reducing fish mortality, improving intestinal microbial flora, improving nutrient absorption, maintaining gastrointestinal health and/or reducing the demand on antibiotics, and increases breeding income.
The invention also provides a mixed feed for tilapia, which contains a basic feed and an additive, wherein the basic feed comprises:
an apparent metabolic energy of 1800-2000 cal/1 b;
25-31 wt% of crude protein;
0.8-1.0 wt% tyrosine;
0.5 to 0.9 wt% of alanine;
2.0-3.5 wt% of sulfur-containing amino acid;
0.8-0.9 wt% total available calcium;
0.45-0.8 wt% total available phosphorus;
0.2 to 0.25 wt% of sodium.
The tilapia mixed feed additive comprises:
a feed additive raw material comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill for applying to tilapia mossambica to improve meat quality of tilapia mossambica;
carboxylic acid esters having a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections in tilapia mossambica;
the oligosaccharide composition is beneficial to reducing the death rate of fishes and improving intestinal microbial flora.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the trace amount of ethylene oxide methanol is added into a liquid strain culture medium for culturing the agaricus blazei murill, so that the synthesis of agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide is facilitated, the ethylene oxide methanol can be polymerized into 2-5 polymers by self, the oligomers can stimulate the agaricus blazei murill cells on the gene level, the cell polysaccharide yield is enhanced, the agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide yield is increased by 40-50%, and the polysaccharide content in the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is greatly increased;
2) selenium in agaricus blazei mycelium can be enriched without adding a selenium source in a liquid fermentation medium for fermenting the agaricus blazei, and after the pentanediol is absorbed by the agaricus blazei, the combination of the selenium and amino acid, particularly methionine, is promoted, and the absorption and enrichment of the agaricus blazei to the selenium in the fermentation medium are promoted, so that the selenium accumulation effect of tilapia is enhanced;
3) the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and mortality, the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies can be improved due to the high selenium content of the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product, the antioxidation effect of the tilapia and the heavy metal antagonistic capability of the tilapia are also beneficial to improving the health care value of the tilapia as a selenium supplement;
4) the carboxylic ester is applied to tilapia feed or feed additive, can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia, reducing the feed-meat ratio and the culture period and increasing the economic benefit;
5) the oligosaccharide composition applied to the feed or the feed additive has beneficial health effect for feeding tilapia, is beneficial to reducing fish mortality, improving intestinal microbial flora, improving nutrient absorption, maintaining gastrointestinal health and/or reducing the demand on antibiotics, and increases breeding income.
The invention adopts the technical scheme to provide the tilapia mixed feed additive, makes up for the defects of the prior art, and has reasonable design and convenient operation.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples:
example 1:
a tilapia mixed feed additive comprises:
a feed additive raw material comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation product for applying to tilapia mossambica to improve meat quality of tilapia mossambica;
carboxylic acid esters having a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections in tilapia mossambica;
the oligosaccharide composition is beneficial to reducing the death rate of fishes and improving intestinal microbial flora. The enrichment amount of selenium in the mixed feed additive is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies and also is beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and heavy metal antagonism of tilapia, so that tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of tilapia and the culture benefit; help to reduce fish mortality, improve intestinal microbial flora, increase nutrient absorption, maintain gastrointestinal health, and/or reduce the need for antibiotics; can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia and reducing the feed conversion ratio and the culture period.
In a feed additive raw material for application to tilapia mossambica for improving meat quality of tilapia mossambica comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei fermentation product, the crustacean waste and beans including 2.5 wt% of agaricus species on a dry matter basis, and the feed additive raw material having a water content of 5.0% with respect to the dry matter; the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is rich in agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, the enrichment amount of selenium is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of the selenium in the tilapia, and is also beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and the heavy metal antagonistic capacity of the tilapia, so that the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia and improve the culture benefit.
The crustacean waste is shrimp shell, and is pulverized into particle size of 0.1 mm.
The beans are soybeans which are crushed into 0.5mm in particle size.
The preparation method of the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product comprises the following steps:
1 the liquid strain culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: peeled potato 20%, glucose 2.8%, ammonium sulfate 0.25%, yeast extract 0.25%, KH2PO40.3%, ethylene oxide methanol 0.025%, MgSO4·7H20.1% of O, 10.01% of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; the liquid strain culture medium can provide sufficient nitrogen source, carbon source and various elements for Agaricus blazei Murill strain to rapidly expand the culture of Agaricus blazei Murill, and trace amount of ethylene oxide is added into the liquid strain culture mediumThe methanol is favorable for promoting the synthesis of agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, the ethylene oxide methanol is self-polymerized into 2-5 polymers, and the oligomers can stimulate the agaricus blazei murill cells on the gene level, enhance the yield of cell polysaccharide, improve the yield of the agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide by 40-50 percent and greatly improve the content of polysaccharide in agaricus blazei murill fermentation products; after the agaricus blazei polysaccharide is absorbed and utilized by tilapia, the agaricus blazei polysaccharide is beneficial to promoting the proliferation of macrophages, releasing NO and secreting tumor necrosis factors, gamma-interferon, interleukin 1 and interleukin 8, has the enhancement effect on nonspecific immunity, specific immunity and cellular immunity systems of tilapia, enhances the physique of tilapia, reduces the morbidity and mortality, and increases the production and income;
2, culturing: placing 1L liquid strain culture medium in a 3L container, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min, cooling, inoculating Agaricus blazei Murill solid strain, placing in 100r/min reciprocating horizontal shaking table, and performing constant temperature shaking culture at 25 deg.C for 10d to obtain liquid strain;
3, the liquid fermentation culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: corn flour 2.5%, glucose 1.8%, ammonium sulfate 0.2%, yeast extract 0.28%, KH2PO40.2%, pentanediol 0.15%, MgSO4·7H20.08 percent of O, 10.01 percent of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; selenium enrichment in agaricus blazei mycelium can be realized without adding a selenium source in a liquid fermentation culture medium, and after pentanediol is absorbed by the agaricus blazei, the combination of selenium and amino acid, particularly methionine, can be promoted, so that the absorption and enrichment of the agaricus blazei to the selenium in the fermentation culture medium are promoted, the accumulation effect of tilapia on the selenium is strengthened, the antagonism of the tilapia on harmful heavy metals in feed and water environment is facilitated, the accumulation of selenium in the tilapia can be improved, the antioxidation effect and the heavy metal antagonism ability of the tilapia are facilitated, the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia, and the culture benefit can be improved;
4, fermentation: taking 300mL of liquid fermentation culture medium, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min in a triangular flask, cooling, inoculating 10mL of liquid strain, placing in a shaking table at 25 ℃ and fermenting at the rotating speed of 80r/min for 22d, after the fermentation is finished, centrifuging the fermentation liquor at 3000r/min for 15min, collecting hyphae, washing, placing in an electric heating drying oven at 40 ℃ for drying, weighing, grinding into powder, and sieving with an 80-mesh sieve for later use.
The carboxylate is lactylate Ph-COO- [ -CH (CH) according to formula 13)-COO]3-R2And butanoyl carboxylic acid esters according to formula 2 Ph-COO- [ -CH2-(CH3)2-COO]4-R2In the above formula, R in formula 12Is C3Alkyl of formula 2R2Is C4Alkyl groups of (a); the carboxylate product is applied to tilapia feed or feed additive, can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia, reducing the feed-meat ratio and the culture period, and increasing the economic benefit.
The oligosaccharide composition has the following distribution of types of glycosidic linkages: 5 mol% of alpha- (1,2) glycosidic linkages and 5 mol% of beta- (1,4) glycosidic linkages, and 15% by dry weight of said oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3.
The oligosaccharide composition is selected from: trehalose-chitosan-oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, galactose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-oligosaccharide, xylose-fructose-oligosaccharide, panose-oligosaccharide, fructose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, sucrose-fructose-oligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, sucrose oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-oligosaccharide, maltose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-maltose-oligosaccharide, gentiobiose-glucose-oligosaccharide, xylose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-gentiobiose-oligosaccharide. The oligosaccharide composition applied to the feed or the feed additive has beneficial health effect for feeding tilapia, is beneficial to reducing fish mortality, improving intestinal microbial flora, improving nutrient absorption, maintaining gastrointestinal health and/or reducing the demand on antibiotics, and increases breeding income.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that the liquid seed culture medium does not contain ethylene oxide methanol.
Example 2:
a tilapia mixed feed additive comprises:
and (2) component A: a feed additive raw material comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation product for applying to tilapia mossambica to improve meat quality of tilapia mossambica;
and (B) component: carboxylic acid esters having a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections in tilapia mossambica;
and (3) component C: the oligosaccharide composition is beneficial to reducing the death rate of fishes and improving intestinal microbial flora.
The enrichment amount of selenium in the mixed feed additive of tilapia is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies and also is beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and heavy metal antagonism capability of tilapia, so that tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of tilapia and the culture benefit; help to reduce fish mortality, improve intestinal microbial flora, increase nutrient absorption, maintain gastrointestinal health, and/or reduce the need for antibiotics; can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia and reducing the feed conversion ratio and the culture period.
In component a, the crustacean waste and legumes comprise an agaricus species in an amount of 3.0 wt% on a dry matter basis, and the feed additive material has a water content (relative to dry matter) of 4.5%; the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is rich in agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, the enrichment amount of selenium is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of the selenium in the tilapia, and is also beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and the heavy metal antagonistic capacity of the tilapia, so that the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia and improve the culture benefit.
The crustacean waste is crab shell, and is crushed into particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm.
The beans are soybeans which are crushed into the particle size of 1 mm.
The preparation method of the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product in the component A comprises the following steps:
culturing: placing 1L liquid strain culture medium in a 3L container, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min, cooling, inoculating Agaricus blazei Murill solid strain, placing in a 120r/min reciprocating horizontal shaking table, and performing constant temperature shaking culture at 25 deg.C for 12d to obtain liquid strain;
fermentation: taking 500mL of liquid fermentation culture medium in a triangular flask, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, cooling, inoculating 10mL of liquid strain, placing in a shaking table at 25 ℃ and fermenting at the rotating speed of 120r/min for 28d, after the fermentation is finished, centrifuging the fermentation liquor at 4000r/min for 30min, collecting hyphae, washing, placing in an electric heating drying oven at 45 ℃ for drying, weighing, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve for later use.
The liquid strain culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: peeled potato 25%, glucose 3.0%, ammonium sulfate 0.3%, yeast extract 0.3%, KH2PO40.4%, ethylene oxide methanol 0.05%, MgSO4·7H20.12 percent of O, 10.02 percent of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; the liquid strain culture medium can provide sufficient nitrogen source, carbon source and various elements for the agaricus blazei murill strain, so that the agaricus blazei murill can be rapidly expanded and cultured, a trace amount of ethylene oxide methanol is added into the liquid strain culture medium to facilitate the synthesis of agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, and the ethylene oxide methanol is self-polymerized into oligomers which can stimulate agaricus blazei murill cells on the gene level, enhance the yield of cell polysaccharide, improve the yield of agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide by 40-50%, and greatly improve the content of polysaccharide in agaricus blazei murill fermentation products; after the agaricus blazei polysaccharide is absorbed and utilized by tilapia, the agaricus blazei polysaccharide is beneficial to promoting the proliferation of macrophages, releasing NO and secreting tumor necrosis factors, gamma-interferon, interleukin 1 and interleukin 8, has the enhancement effect on nonspecific immunity, specific immunity and cellular immunity systems of tilapia, enhances the physique of tilapia, reduces the morbidity and mortality, and increases the production and income.
The liquid fermentation culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: corn flour 3%, glucose 2%, ammonium sulfate 0.25%, yeast extract 0.3%, KH2PO40.22%, pentanediol 0.2%, MgSO4·7H2O0.1％、VB10.02 percent, and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; in liquidSelenium enrichment in agaricus blazei mycelium can be realized without adding a selenium source in a fermentation medium, and after pentanediol is absorbed by the agaricus blazei, the combination of selenium and amino acid, particularly methionine, can be promoted, so that the absorption and enrichment of the agaricus blazei to the selenium in the fermentation medium are promoted, the accumulation effect of tilapia on the selenium is strengthened, the antagonism of the tilapia on harmful heavy metals in feed and water environment is facilitated, the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies can be improved, the antioxidation effect and the heavy metal antagonism capability of the tilapia are also facilitated, the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia, and the culture benefit can be improved.
The carboxylate of component B is lactylate according to formula 1 Ph-COO- [ -CH (CH)3)-COO]4-R2And Ca salts thereof, further including butanoyl carboxylate according to formula 2: Ph-COO- [ -CH2-(CH3)2-COO]8-R2And Na salts thereof, in the above formula, R in formula 12Is C5Alkenyl chain, R in formula 22Is C4An alkenyl chain; the carboxylate product is applied to tilapia feed or feed additive, can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia, reducing the feed-meat ratio and the culture period, and increasing the economic benefit.
The oligosaccharide composition of component C has the following distribution of glycosidic bond types: 10 mol% of alpha- (1,2) glycosidic linkages and 10 mol% of beta- (1,4) glycosidic linkages, and 20% by dry weight of the oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of 4.
The oligosaccharide composition comprises: trehalose-chitosan-oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, galactose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-oligosaccharide, xylose-fructose-oligosaccharide, panose-oligosaccharide, fructose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, sucrose-fructose-oligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, sucrose oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-oligosaccharide, maltose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-maltose-oligosaccharide, gentiobiose-glucose-oligosaccharide, xylose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-gentiobiose-oligosaccharide. The oligosaccharide composition applied to the feed or the feed additive has beneficial health effect for feeding tilapia, is beneficial to reducing fish mortality, improving intestinal microbial flora, improving nutrient absorption, maintaining gastrointestinal health and/or reducing the demand on antibiotics, and increases breeding income.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 2 except that the liquid fermentation medium does not contain pentanediol.
Example 3:
a tilapia mixed feed additive comprises:
a feed additive raw material comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation product for applying to tilapia mossambica to improve meat quality of tilapia mossambica;
carboxylic acid esters having a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections in tilapia mossambica;
the oligosaccharide composition is beneficial to reducing the death rate of fishes and improving intestinal microbial flora. The enrichment amount of selenium in the mixed feed additive is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of selenium in tilapia bodies and also is beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and heavy metal antagonism of tilapia, so that tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of tilapia and the culture benefit; help to reduce fish mortality, improve intestinal microbial flora, increase nutrient absorption, maintain gastrointestinal health, and/or reduce the need for antibiotics; can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effects in preventing and treating intestinal infection of tilapia, is beneficial to improving the growth rate of tilapia and reducing the feed conversion ratio and the culture period.
The feed additive raw material for application to tilapia mossambica for improving meat quality of tilapia mossambica comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation product, the crustacean waste and beans including 2.8 wt% of agaricus species on a dry matter basis, and the feed additive raw material having a water content (relative to dry matter) of 3.5%; the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is rich in agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, the enrichment amount of selenium is high, the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product is beneficial to strengthening the immune system of tilapia and reducing the morbidity and the mortality, the high selenium content can improve the accumulation of the selenium in the tilapia, and is also beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance and the heavy metal antagonistic capacity of the tilapia, so that the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia and improve the culture benefit.
The crustacean waste is a mixture of shrimp shells and crab shells, and is crushed into particles with a particle size of 0.2 mm.
The beans are selected from mixture of mung bean, red bean, pea and soybean, and are pulverized into particles with a size of 0.6 mm.
The preparation method of the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product comprises the following steps:
placing 1L liquid strain culture medium in a 3L container, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min, cooling, inoculating Agaricus blazei Murill solid strain, placing in 100r/min reciprocating horizontal shaking table, and performing constant temperature shaking culture at 25 deg.C for 12d to obtain liquid strain;
taking 400mL of liquid fermentation culture medium in a triangular flask, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, cooling, inoculating 10mL of liquid strain, placing in a shaking table at 25 ℃ and fermenting at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 25d, after the fermentation is finished, centrifuging the fermentation liquor at 3500r/min for 20min, collecting hyphae, washing, placing in an electric heating drying oven at 42 ℃ and weighing, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve for later use.
The liquid strain culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: peeled potato 22%, glucose 2.9%, ammonium sulfate 0.28%, yeast extract 0.28%, KH2PO40.35%, ethylene oxide methanol 0.03%, MgSO4·7H20.1% of O, 10.015% of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; the liquid strain culture medium can provide sufficient nitrogen source, carbon source and various elements for the agaricus blazei murill strain, so that the agaricus blazei murill can be rapidly expanded and cultured, a trace amount of ethylene oxide methanol is added into the liquid strain culture medium to facilitate the synthesis of agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide, and the ethylene oxide methanol is self-polymerized into oligomers which can stimulate agaricus blazei murill cells on the gene level, enhance the yield of cell polysaccharide, improve the yield of agaricus blazei murill polysaccharide by 40-50%, and greatly improve the content of polysaccharide in agaricus blazei murill fermentation products; agaricus blazei MurillAfter being absorbed and utilized by tilapia, the polysaccharide is beneficial to promoting macrophage proliferation, releasing NO and secreting tumor necrosis factor, gamma-interferon, interleukin 1 and interleukin 8, has the enhancement effect on nonspecific immunity, specific immunity and cellular immune systems of tilapia, enhances the tilapia physique, reduces the morbidity and mortality, and increases both production and income.
The liquid fermentation culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: corn flour 2.8%, glucose 1.9%, ammonium sulfate 0.22%, yeast extract 0.28%, KH2PO40.2%, pentanediol 0.18%, MgSO4·7H20.1% of O, 10.015% of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0; selenium enrichment in agaricus blazei mycelium can be realized without adding a selenium source in a liquid fermentation culture medium, and after pentanediol is absorbed by the agaricus blazei, the combination of selenium and amino acid, particularly methionine, can be promoted, so that the absorption and enrichment of the agaricus blazei to the selenium in the fermentation culture medium are promoted, the accumulation effect of tilapia on the selenium is strengthened, the antagonism of the tilapia on harmful heavy metals in feed and water environment is facilitated, the accumulation of selenium in tilapia can be improved, the antioxidation effect and the heavy metal antagonism ability of the tilapia are facilitated, the tilapia is used as a selenium supplement to improve the health care value of the tilapia, and the culture benefit can be improved.
The carboxylic acid ester is selected from:
a lactyl-carboxylic acid ester according to formula 1,
formula 1: r1-COO-[-CH(CH3)-COO]3-R2The Co (II) salt of (A),
a butanoyl carboxylic acid ester of formula 2,
formula 2: r1-COO-[-CH2-(CH3)2-COO]4-R2
In the above formula, R1Is phenyl, R in formula 12Is C4Alkyl of formula 2, R2Is C6An alkenyl chain of (a); the carboxylate product is applied to tilapia feed or feed additive, can obviously enhance the antibacterial activity of tilapia, has beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infection of tilapia,and the growth rate of the tilapia is improved, the feed-meat ratio and the culture period are reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.
The oligosaccharide composition has the following distribution of types of glycosidic linkages:
12 mol% α - (1,2) glycosidic linkages; and
13 mol% of beta- (1,4) glycosidic linkages, and
wherein 20 dry wt% of the oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of 3.
The oligosaccharide composition comprises: trehalose-chitosan-oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, galactose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-oligosaccharide, xylose-fructose-oligosaccharide, panose-oligosaccharide, fructose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, sucrose-fructose-oligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, sucrose oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-oligosaccharide, maltose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-maltose-oligosaccharide, gentiobiose-glucose-oligosaccharide, xylose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-gentiobiose-oligosaccharide. The oligosaccharide composition applied to the feed or the feed additive has beneficial health effect for feeding tilapia, is beneficial to reducing fish mortality, improving intestinal microbial flora, improving nutrient absorption, maintaining gastrointestinal health and/or reducing the demand on antibiotics, and increases breeding income.
Comparative example 3:
comparative example 3 is substantially the same as example 3 except that: 1) the liquid seed culture medium of comparative example 3 contained no ethylene oxide methanol; 2) the liquid fermentation medium in comparative example 3 contained no pentanediol.
Example 4:
a tilapia mossambica mixed feed comprising a basal feed and an additive, said basal feed comprising:
an apparent metabolic energy of 2000cal/1 b;
30 wt% crude protein;
1 wt% tyrosine;
0.8 wt% alanine;
3 wt% of a sulfur-containing amino acid;
0.8 wt% total available calcium;
0.7 wt% total available phosphorus;
0.2 wt% sodium.
The tilapia mixed feed additive is selected from examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3.
The agaricus blazei murill fermentation products of the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to the following tests:
a, selenium enrichment rate determination: measuring the selenium content of the fermentation product by adopting an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry, and calculating the selenium enrichment rate, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: y is selenium-rich rate (%), C1Is selenium content (microgram/g) of selenium-rich fermentation product, C0The selenium content (mu g/g) of the fermentation product of the blank control group, H is the total selenium content (mu g) in the fermentation liquid, and M is the weight (g) of the dried fermentation product.
B, protein content: measured by Coomassie brilliant blue method.
C soluble sugar content: and (3) measuring by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method.
D, polysaccharide content: measured by a phenol-sulfuric acid method.
The selenium enrichment rate, protein content, soluble sugar content and polysaccharide content of the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product in the 6 tilapia mossambica mixed feeds were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 measurement results of Agaricus blazei Murill fermentation product
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Selenium enrichment ratio (%) | 5.06 | 5.02 | 5.10 | 3.25 | 3.38 | 3.02 |
| Protein content (%) | 35.83 | 34.22 | 36.05 | 25.05 | 26.47 | 24.42 |
| Soluble sugar content (%) | 24.62 | 25.28 | 26.56 | 18.54 | 16.96 | 16.03 |
| Polysaccharide content (%) | 7.52 | 7.40 | 7.65 | 4.20 | 4.15 | 4.03 |
As can be seen from table 1, in preferred embodiments 1 to 3 of the method of the present invention, even if no selenium source is added, the selenium enrichment rate still exceeds 5%, it can be seen that the selenium enrichment effect is significant, the enrichment of selenium promotes higher contents of proteins, soluble sugars and polysaccharides in the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product, and the economic value of the feed additive is greatly improved.
The 6 tilapia mixed feeds are respectively fed to the cultured tilapia, other factors are completely consistent, after 8 months of feeding, the average body length, the average body weight and the death rate of the tilapia are respectively measured, and the statistical results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 assay results for cultivated Tilapia
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Average body weight (g) | 200.6 | 200.4 | 204.5 | 160.2 | 155.6 | 152.8 |
| Mortality (%) | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 4.5 |
As can be seen from Table 2, in the preferred embodiments 1-3 of the method of the present invention, the average weight and survival rate of tilapia mossambica are significantly better than those of the comparative examples, which shows that the mixed feed additive for tilapia mossambica of the present invention can effectively increase the growth rate of tilapia mossambica, reduce the feed-meat ratio and the cultivation period, and is an efficient and economical mixed feed additive for tilapia mossambica.
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The mixed feed additive for tilapia is characterized by comprising the following components:
a feed additive raw material comprising crustacean waste, beans and agaricus blazei murill fermentation product for applying to tilapia mossambica to improve meat quality of tilapia mossambica;
carboxylic acid esters having a beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections in tilapia mossambica;
the oligosaccharide composition is beneficial to reducing the death rate of fishes and improving intestinal microbial flora;
the preparation method of the agaricus blazei murill fermentation product comprises the following steps: inoculating Agaricus blazei solid strain into liquid strain culture medium, culturing to obtain liquid strain, inoculating the liquid strain into liquid fermentation culture medium, fermenting, collecting mycelium, washing, oven drying, grinding, and sieving;
the liquid strain culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: 20-25% of peeled potato, 2.8-3.0% of glucose, 0.25-0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.25-0.3% of yeast extract and KH2PO40.3-0.4%, ethylene oxide methanol 0.025-0.05%, MgSO4·7H20.1-0.12% of O, 10.01-0.02% of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0.
2. The tilapia mixed feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: the crustacean waste and legumes comprise an amount of 2.5-3.0 wt% of agaricus species on a dry matter basis, and the feed additive material has a moisture content of less than 5.6% relative to dry matter.
3. The tilapia mixed feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid fermentation culture medium contains the following substances in parts by weight: 2.5-3% of corn flour, 1.8-2% of glucose, 0.2-0.25% of ammonium sulfate, 0.28-0.3% of yeast extract and KH2PO40.2 to 0.22%, 0.15 to 0.2% of pentanediol, MgSO4·7H20.08-0.1% of O, 10.01-0.02% of VB and the balance of double distilled water, wherein the pH value is 7.0.
4. The tilapia mixed feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carboxylic acid ester is selected from:
a lactyl-carboxylic acid ester according to formula 1,
formula 1: r1-COO-[-CH(CH3)-COO]n-R2Or/and P, Li, Mn, Ca, Na, NH thereof4Or a Co (II) salt of a compound of formula (I),
a butanoyl carboxylic acid ester of formula 2,
formula 2: r1-COO-[-CH2-(CH3)2-COO]n-R2Or/and P, Li, Mn (II), Ca, Na, NH thereof4Or a Co (II) salt, in the above formula, R1Selected from phenyl, n represents an integer having a value of 2 to 8, and R2Is selected from C3～C10Alkyl or alkenyl chains.
5. The tilapia mixed feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oligosaccharide composition has the following distribution of types of glycosidic linkages:
at least 5 mol% of alpha- (1,2) glycosidic linkages; and
at least 5 mol% of beta- (1,4) glycosidic linkages, and
wherein at least 15% by dry weight of said oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerisation of at least 3.
6. The tilapia mixed feed additive according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the oligosaccharide composition comprises: trehalose-chitosan-oligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, galactose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-oligosaccharide, xylose-fructose-oligosaccharide, panose-oligosaccharide, fructose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, sucrose-fructose-oligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, sucrose oligosaccharide-oligosaccharide, bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-oligosaccharide, maltose-bovine lactose-oligosaccharide, galactose-maltose-oligosaccharide, gentiobiose-glucose-oligosaccharide, xylose-glucose-oligosaccharide, fructose-gentiobiose-oligosaccharide.
7. A tilapia mixed feed comprising a tilapia mixed feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the tilapia mixed feed comprises a basal feed and the tilapia mixed feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of a tilapia mossambica mixed feed additive comprising any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of a tilapia mossambica mixed feed.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101371683A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-02-25 | 李绩 | Agaricus blazei feedstuff additive product and method for producing the same and application |
| CN103732077A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2014-04-16 | 普拉克生化公司 | Active formulation for use in feed products |
| CN104509714A (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2015-04-15 | 广西柳州市鹿寨县春天农业有限公司 | Agaricus blazei Murill fungus chaff bird feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN106578653A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 广西陆川县泓源食品有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for tilapia mossambica |
| CN107466212A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2017-12-12 | 卡德纳生物股份有限公司 | Use the oligosaccharide composition of animal feed and its manufacture method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101371683A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-02-25 | 李绩 | Agaricus blazei feedstuff additive product and method for producing the same and application |
| CN103732077A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2014-04-16 | 普拉克生化公司 | Active formulation for use in feed products |
| CN104509714A (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2015-04-15 | 广西柳州市鹿寨县春天农业有限公司 | Agaricus blazei Murill fungus chaff bird feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107466212A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2017-12-12 | 卡德纳生物股份有限公司 | Use the oligosaccharide composition of animal feed and its manufacture method |
| CN106578653A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 广西陆川县泓源食品有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for tilapia mossambica |
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