CN1097416C - 网络节点和分配网络节点的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种为节点内和节点间电信对话动态分配带宽的网络节点和方法,包括在线架层次和在全系统层次监视资源利用情况。在一个实施例中,把带宽的动态分配应用于同一专用小交换机(PBX)的各用户之间的多媒体会议。如果在节点内对话中涉及的一个或二个线架处的资源利用到达或超过预选的最大门限,就起动带宽的重新分配。同样,如果PBX的交换结构已达到对额外对话的全系统阻塞构成威胁的资源利用最大门限时,就为全系统重新分配资源以便腾出带宽。最好,利用门限能自适应地逐个小时和逐日变化。在本优先实施例中,服务等级决定哪些对话将经受带宽减少。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电信,具体涉及对网络节点的资源进行动态分配的装置和方法。
背景技术
电信对话(sessions)可以在网络的二个节点之间进行,即节点间通信,也可以在同一节点的二个用户之间进行,即节点内通信。限于用话音传送的对话一般只需二个信道(每个方向一个信道)。另一方面,全集成的话音、数据和图象会晤,即多媒体通信,则要求额外的信道。在电视会议会晤期间提供的服务质量部分地取决于给该会晤分配的信道数,这是因为信道分配决定了可用带宽。
在节点网络中的一节点包括至少一个层次的资源限制。该节点的交换结构(switching fabric)用于路由电信对话。该交换结构把该节点经由外部中继线链接到网络的其他节点。例如专用小交换机(PBX)可以经由外部中继线链接到中央局。就交换结构的路由能力而论存在着极限。
起到交换结构和PBX各别用户之间接口作用的节点部件可施加较低层次的限制。例如,授于Sutherland的第5,181,107号美国专利描述了一种视频线架(video line shelf)装置,该装置允许递增在利用所述线架的特定节点处的用户们可用的视频信道。视频线架装置可包括一个安放在另一个上的许多线架。每个视频线架可包括排成阵列的槽,视频线卡(video line cards)可拆除地插在这些槽中。每个线架可支持96条用户线。然而,常常把线架接到比它同时能支持的用户多的用户上,因为不可能所有用户都在同时要求接入。因此,就单次可接入的用户数而言,线架施加了极限。
如前所述,多媒体通信要求比限于话音传送的对话具有更大的带宽。因此,人们越来越关心对接入的限制。DS0层次的用户线具有64千比特/秒的带宽。通过使用已知的时隙指定器功能来组合若干DS0信道,线架可支持更高带宽的接口。例如,可以组合24个DS0信道来提供1,536兆比特/秒的带宽,这也称作T1传送。然而,增加带宽加重了PBX的容量。
对于电视会议通话,在建立通话时就确定了服务的质量。对于节点间通信,在协商中包括在传送中涉及的每一个节点,以便为对话确定带宽。一旦确定了服务质量,就论到协议的诸较低层次来负责提供已商定的带宽。如果在无意中所述各信道之一被断开连接,协议就自动为额外通道起动通话建立,以便维持服务质量。
节点间对话的已商定带宽可以固定不变。因此当访问特定PBX的需求次数超过PBX的交换结构的路由能力时,将出现阻塞的情况。即,额外的对话被阻塞,直到至少解除一个先前建立的电信对话。作为固定带宽方法的可替换方法,有授予Bernstein等人的第5,282,202号美国专利和授予Torii等人的第5,263,025号美国专利,这两份专利描述节点间通信的具有可变带宽的通信系统。在Bemstein等人的专利中,一系列传送多媒体信息的复合帧被在网络路线上从二个终端节点之一发送到另一个,每一帧构造成包含多个固定大小的信道,这些信道代表着为例如话音、视频和数据等业务成分类型(traffic component types)那样的业务成分类型所作的带宽分配。在发送出复合帧的终端节点处,根据业务成分类型,把每个信道分配给不同的用户。为了适应网络内业务流中的变化,必要时通过在每一个终端节点处腾出或重新指定信道来动态地重新构造各复合帧。Torii等人的通信系统包括在节点间通信期间可改变通信带宽的可变带宽终端,以便获得尽可能多的通话互连。如果节点间通信线的通信使用率大于预定数值并且各发送装置能够以比先前分配的带宽小的带宽进行通信,则可对通信的其余部分减少带宽。
Bernstein等人和Torii等人的专利减少了PBX至PBX通信产生阻塞情况的风险。然而,当多媒体对话普及地增加时,在网络中的PBX更容易遭遇阻塞情况。此外,可能出现某些情况,在该情况下,例如当所有节点对话都是二信道通信时,按照Bemstein等人和/或Torii等人的技术来重新分配以前建立的对话的带宽就不能减轻阻塞。
现在需要的是一种网络节点和操作该节点的方法以便为节点内和节点间对话提供动态信道分配,从而减少网络节点资源达到耗尽情况的可能。
发明综述
当二层或更多层资源中的至少一层接近最大操作容量时,在节点通信网络内的网络节点允许从同一节点两个用户之间的对话中腾出电信资源。在子系统层次,通过在多线架网络节点的一个线架中检测到达到了利用门限(utilization threshold),可以起动信道(即带宽)的重新分配。在系统层次,通过检测到达到了相对于交换网络的路由能力而言的利用门限,可以起动重新分配。因此,动态分配不限于应用到不同节点的用户之间的对话,而是,当达到资源利用门限时,可以减少已选定的节点内对话的带宽。
在本优先实施例中,不同线架支持不同组别的用户线。每个线架经由有限数目的信道向该线架所支持的用户线提供访问和控制。节点内的电信对话可以用同一线架的用户线或不同线架的用户线来实现。仍由参照本优先实施例,网络节点是专用小交换机(PBX),而且送到各用户线上的信息源包括视频、话音、控制和数据源。即,本优先实施例针对多媒体通信。但是,本发明同样适用于任何服务,在该服务中带宽的降低导致较低的、但是仍可接受的服务质量。
每个线架连接到就资源容量而言关系到全系统层次的交换结构上。节点内通信和节点间通信二者都经过交换结构进行路由。可使用任何一种已知的交换结构。如果达到了该交换结构的路由容量,就出现阻塞。
一旦开始电信对话,就把诸信道分配给该对话以便实现所希望的服务质量。通信带宽由涉及的信道数目来确定。对各别线架和交换结构的利用情况进行监视。如果检测到各部件之一的资源可用度低于预定门限水平,就起动带宽的重新分配。设计该重新分配以保证后来的电信对话获得空闲信道。已建立的一个或多个节点内电信对话的带宽被减少了。结果,受影响的对话的服务质量降低了。但是,PBX较少有可能对呼叫进行阻塞。
对各线架及交换结构的监视可用种种方法来实现。在闭环方法中,把监视电路直接连接到交换结构和每个线架上以各别跟踪对每个部件的利用情况。另一方面,开环方法不需要连接到各部件,可以只跟踪对各别部件的任务的指定。在该开环方法中,不直接监视各线架和交换结构的对话连接电路,只“监视”任务指定的历史情况。
可以把利用门限设置到不同水平上。例如,当在线架层次的阻塞不比在交换结构层次的阻塞那样值得关心时,在线架层次的利用门限可以比交换结构层次的更高。利用门限也可以随时间而变化。即,在起动重新分配之前必须达到的门限可以随当天的时间和/或本周或本年的日子而变化。可以实现随时间而变的门限,以便保证在业务高峰时间(如从上午8:00至下午5:00)有足够的空闲资源,而在低需求时间不致浪费地使资源闲着。作为门限设置的第三实施例,利用门限可以是自适应的。即,可以有一段学习时间,其中收集资源利用的历史数据以供预测性分配之用,在此之后,一边以逐个小时为基础和/或以逐日为基础地使用所述数据,一边连续收集更新的数据。所述历史数据可用于为用户预测带宽的可用性,这些用户提供需要巨大带宽的即将来临的对话的提前通知。
可以规定服务的等级以便保护不能容忍服务质量降低的那些对话。因此,使资源空闲作后补的选择应考虑具体应用场合并且保证带宽的减少不致把资源减少到低于任何对话的特定基本需求。
如果在重新分配之后对话的结束使资源继续空闲,可出现第二次重新分配以恢复原来的服务质量。但是在希望的带宽和减少后的带宽之间的波动不应过于频繁以免使通信受损。因此,增加带宽的门限最好不同于减少带宽的门限。例如,当检测到线架或交换结构达到98%的容量时,可出现节点内和/或节点间对话的带宽减少,而增加带宽则可要求那时的容量低落到可利用的90%以下。
可以单方面执行节点内对话的带宽减少。而在节点间对话的带宽减少之前,最好在对话参加者使用的二个节点之间进行协商。
因此,本发明提供了一种在多节点电信网络内的网络节点,包括:所述网络节点的第一组用户线,用于提供电信对话,连接到所述第一组的第一线架,用于对所述第一组的所述诸用户线提供接入和控制;所述网络节点的至少一个第二组用户线,用于提供电信对话;连接到所述第二组的第二线架,用于对所述第二组的所述诸用户线提供接入和控制;连接到所述第一和第二线架的交换电路,用于路由在所述网络节点的所述诸用户线中的节点内电信连接,且用于经由外部中继线路由在所述诸用户线和所述电信网络其他各节点之间的节点间电信连接;连接到所述交换电路和所述诸第一及第二线架的每一个电路的利用情况监视器,用于监视带宽的可用度及用于监视所述交换电路的可用路由容量;以及连接到所述利用情况监视器的动态带宽分配器,用于一旦开始每个节点内电信连接就确定具体带宽,并且于根据所述第一和第二线架的利用情况及根据所述交换电路的可用路由容量而为正在进行的节点内电信连接有选择地改变带宽。
根据本发明,还提供了一种动态地分配多节点电信网络内第一节点的信道的方法,所述第一节点具有多个线架,每个线架用与每个线架连接的交换结构来支持节点内和节点间电信对话的多个信道,所述方法包括以下步骤:通过每个线架对业务进行跟踪以确定建立电信对话用的可用信道的范围;以及响应于对业务的跟踪而有选择地重新分配已建立的诸电信对话的信道以腾出供额外电信对话用的额外信道,包括当检测到对第一线架的信道容量的利用已超出预定的最大门限时有选择地为所述第一线架支持的所述节点内电信对话中的至少一个对话减少已分配的信道。
虽然本发明是相对于分配和重新分配信道来作说明的,但是这并非关键。本发明扩及其他网络节点,这些节点允许通过改变带宽来腾出资源。
本发明的优点在于较少可能用尽PBX的资源。通过监视每个线架的和中央交换结构的利用情况,和通过把动态分配方法应用于节点内对话,可以支持较大数目的对话而无需增加资源。当节点内电视会议的好处增加时,节点内对话将阻塞来自另一PBX的通话进入的风险也随之增大。
附图的简要说明
图1是按照本发明的具有动态带宽分配的网络节点的一个实施例的部件方框图;
图2是为图1的动态带宽分配确定并实现利用门限的步骤的流程图;
图3是根据以图2建立的门限来减少和/或恢复资源的步骤的流程图。
实现本发明的最佳方式
参照图1,该图示出电信用网络节点10包括三个线架12、14和16。每个线架经由用户线24、26和28支持若干用户单元18、20和22。每个单元包括四个设备30、32、34和35,用于发送和接收视频、话音、数据和对话控制信息。例如,视频部分30可包括摄象机和监视器,话音部分32可包括送话器和扬声器,数据部分34可以是传真机,对话控制部分35可包括调节器以用于改变在对话中涉及的各单元的其他三种设备(例如使遥远单元的摄象机提供摄象机变焦的调节器)。虽然图示的网络节点10是用作多媒体通信的网络节点,但是这对本发明并不重要。
线架可以是业界所知的任何类型。例如,每个线架可以是多媒体线架,它具有插槽以接受多达16块线卡。每块线卡提供6个信道,使得具有最多16块线卡的线架最多提供96个信道。
局限于话音通信的电信对话按常规需要二个信道,每个方向一个信道,因此提供了96个信道的线架12至16可同时为48个话音对话服务。然而线架经常连接到比它同时能支持的用户多的用户,因为假定并非所有受支持的用户会同时要求接入。就多个电信对话可用的资源而言,这就施加了第一种限制。随着多媒体对话使用的增加,该限制越来越重要。单个多媒体对话可使用24个信道。同一个多媒体对话可以用较少的信道进行,但是在服务质量方面有所损失。因此,通常由多媒体对话的两个终端节点协商在一次对话中希望的带宽,然后接入必要数目的信道以实现能提供服务质量的协商好的带宽。对于大多数先有技术的节点,一旦对话开始,分配给对话的信道数就不再改变。因此,如果已建立的对话用尽了特定线架的所有信道,输入到该线架的通话将被阻塞。
阻塞也可以在全系统层次出现。线架12至16的每一个被连接到交换结构36,该交换结构路由同一线架上的单元18至22之间的电信对话,和/或自一线架上的某个单元路由到第二线架的某个单元,和/或自图1的各单元之一路由到未示出的第二网络节点。对话的前二种在本文中称作“节点内对话”,节点至节点的对话在本文中称作“节点间对话”。节点间对话经由外部中继线38进行。例如,网络节点10可以是通过外部中继线38链接到中央局的专用小交换机(PBX)。
交换结构是在本领域中众所周知的。就节点内和节点间对话而言,交换结构36具有有限的容量。例如,如在本领域众所周知,在时分复用或交换中出现对时隙分配的限制。此外,在把交换结构36链接到各别线架12-16的总线40、42和44上,存在着对视频/话音/数据/控制传输的容量的限制。如果用尽了该交换结构的路由能力,就使额外的输出或输入通话达到受阻塞的情况。
图1的网络节点10能减少在线架层次或全系统层次上出现阻塞情况的可能。控制器46包括监视着线架12至16的每一个及监视着交换结构36的利用程度电路48。该电路不断地跟踪在线架层次和在全系统层次的带宽的可用度。在电路48的一个实施例中,利用情况的数据经由控制总线50和52直接从各个别线架12至16及交换结构36中获得。该闭环实施例要求直接连接到网络节点的各种部件上。作为替换,可监视指定给各种部件的任务的指定历史,因而不需各别的连接。该可替换的方法可看作是开环方法。本发明不局限于对跟踪各部件利用程度的任何特定方法。
如果资源的利用达到接近阻塞的情况,带宽分配电路54就力图从已建立的对话中腾出一些资源以保证后来的电信对话有空闲信道。例如,可减少一个或多个已建立的节点内对话的带宽。受影响的那个或那些对话的服务质量也会降低,但是网络节点10较少有可能阻塞输入或输出的通话。
主控制器46还包括路由逻辑56,用于操作该交换结构36。可使用存储电路58来存储服务的等级。当带宽待腾出时,该等级决定待受影响的节点内和节点间对话的优先次序。此外,可使用该存储电路来存储起动带宽重新分配的利用门限。如以下将更详述的,这些门限可以是固定不变的,但最好它们随时间而变并且是自适应的。
现参照图2,该图示出建立和保持门限水平的可能步骤。可容易地改变各种步骤的次序。在步骤60,设置诸初始门限。可有若干不同的门限。例如线架的利用门限可不同于交换结构的利用门限。这可能是线架阻塞不如交换结构阻塞重要的情况,后一种阻塞将阻止节点网络的任何输入和输出通话。另一种不同的门限可能是对以前经历过带宽减少的对话起动其恢复到原来的服务质量。作为例子,当线架达到98%容量或者当交换结构达到95%容量时,可起动减少节点内和/或节点间对话的带宽,而带宽恢复则可要求在容量水平低于90%利用率时进行。这就防止了从希望的带宽到减少的带宽之间的波动过于频繁以致有损于通信。
在步骤62,积累关于不同时间资源利用情况的数据。可以有一段学习时间以收集资源利用的历史数据以供预测性分配之用。然后使用所积累的数据来逐个小时或逐日地改变诸利用门限,同时不断地更新数据。在步骤64建立随时间变化的关系。可根据对资源利用的预测来建立所述随时间变化的关系。作为另一种方案,随时间变化的关系可以是固定的,从而免除了需要步骤62来积累历史数据。随时间变化的门限的优点是保证在业务高峰小时(例如,上午8:00至下午5:00)内有足够的空闲资源,而在低需求时间内不致浪费地使资源闲着。定期执行选择诸门限的步骤66以便实现在步骤64中建立的随时间变化的关系。
如果积累了资源利用的历史数据,就可使用该数据来预测预期中的电信对话的带宽可用度。在图2中,从一方接受请求68,所述方事先知道在某时刻会开始需要特定带宽的对话。该方可请求关于可用度的预告信息,这就使PBX能使用利用情况直方图作为对可用度预测的基础。如果不可能获得必要的带宽,可以为该对话选择另一个时间。预测性可用度还允许预协商大带宽对话的多种要求,从而减少了特定对话遭受带宽减少的可能。
参照图1和图3,该图示出为网络节点10执行带宽动态分配的步骤。图3所示的各步可连续或定期执行。作为可选方案,每当为节点内或节点间对话开始通话顺序时,就执行所述各步骤,所述通话顺序的开始为图3的步骤71,即,接受分配带宽的请求。在步骤72,作出线架是否达到利用门限的决定。对于由不同线架12至16支持的用户单元18至22之间的节点内对话,则在所涉及的各线架处都要作上述的决定。如果有足够资源来适应额外对话而不到达受阻塞风险为不可接受的地步,则不对本步骤作出响应。否则,如果到达或超过利用门限,则在步骤74腾出带宽。在大多数实施例中,这涉及从已建立的对话中腾出信道,。受影响的对话取决于服务的等级。例如,可以给利用PBX的公司高级职员指定比公司其他雇员更高的服务级别。然而,等级的使用对本发明来说不是关键。
通过在步骤74腾出资源,受影响的电信对话的服务质量有所降低。但是,执行步骤74不是把带宽减少到比继续对话所需的带宽更低的地步。这可以通过参照服务等级来保证。
在步骤76,作出额外通话是否会使网络节点遭受全系统阻塞情况的决定。即,考虑交换结构36的以及所有线架12至16所共用的其他部件的利用门限。如果门限未到达,则对本步骤不作出响应。否则,如果利用门限已到达,则在步骤78腾出系统资源。结果,为添加的对话腾出额外带宽。除了受影响的部件之外,步骤78基本上和步骤74全同。如果存在等级就查阅该等级,不会有一个对话的带宽降低到不满足本对话基本需要的程度。
如果有带宽富裕,就在步骤80以常规方式把带宽分配给任何额外的输入或输出通话。然而,在步骤82,对资源的可用度进行监视以确定先前建立的对话的结束是否把资源的利用情况降低到低于恢复门限的程度,该恢复门限用于起动带宽的恢复,以使在步骤74或步骤78中经历了服务质量降低的对话的带宽得到恢复。对于节点内对话,可以单方面恢复带宽。即,网络节点10可以不经协商就恢复原来的服务质量。在本优先实施例中,另一方面,在恢复原来带宽之前,本网络节点要和节点间对话的任何受影响的节点进行协商。
Claims (11)
1.一种在多节点电信网络内的网络节点(10),包括:
所述网络节点的第一组用户线(24),用于提供电信对话,
连接到所述第一组的第一线架(12),用于对所述第一组的所述诸用户线提供接入和控制;
所述网络节点的至少一个第二组用户线(26和28),用于提供电信对话;
连接到所述第二组的第二线架(14和16),用于对所述第二组的所述诸用户线提供接入和控制;
连接到所述第一和第二线架的交换电路(36),用于路由在所述网络节点的所述诸用户线中的节点内电信连接,且用于经由外部中继线(38)路由在所述诸用户线和所述电信网络其他各节点之间的节点间电信连接;
连接到所述交换电路和所述诸第一及第二线架的每一个电路的利用情况监视器(48),用于监视带宽的可用度及用于监视所述交换电路的可用路由容量;以及
连接到所述利用情况监视器的动态带宽分配器(54),用于一旦开始每个节点内电信连接就确定具体带宽,并且于根据所述第一和第二线架的利用情况及根据所述交换电路的可用路由容量而为正在进行的节点内电信连接有选择地改变带宽。
2.如权利要求1所述的网络节点(10),其中所述第一和第二线架(12、14和16)的每一个是支持多媒体通信的线架,所述交换电路(36)是一交换结构,它起动对所述诸线架各信道的接入以便建立每个多媒体通信,从而规定了在所述多媒体电信对话开始时的带宽。
3.如权利要求2所述的网络节点(10),其中:所述利用情况监视器(48)对于所述线架(12、14和16)的每一个的已接入信道的检测而言具有预定的最大门限;当所述利用情况监视器检测到已达到所述预定的最大门限时,所述动态带宽分配器(54)被链接到有选择地空闲的诸已接入信道上,从而减少正在对话的至少一个多媒体通信的带宽。
4.如权利要求3所述的网络节点(10),还包括连接到所述动态带宽分配器(54)的存储装置,用于存储可能的节点内多媒体通信的等级,对于该可能的节点内多媒体通信,当检测到所述预定的最大门限时,通信将经历带宽的减少。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的网络节点(10),还包括连接到所述动态带宽分配器(54)的门设定装置,用于随时间改变所述预定的最大门限。
6.如权利要求3或4所述的网络节点(10),其中所述利用情况监视器(48)还包括与所述线架(12、14和16)的每一个的诸已接入信道相对的预定最小门限,链接所述动态带宽分配器(54)以有选择地接入空闲信道以便当电信对话的所述结束导致达到所述预定的最小门限时增加正在对话的节点内多媒体通信的带宽。
7.如权利要求5所述的网络节点(10),其中所述利用情况监视器(48)还包括与所述线架(12、14和16)的每一个的诸已接入信道相对的预定最小门限,链接所述动态带宽分配器(54)以有选择地接入空闲信道以便当电信对话的所述结束导致达到所述预定的最小门限时增加正在对话的节点内多媒体通信的带宽。
8.一种动态地分配多节点电信网络内第一节点(10)的信道的方法,所述第一节点具有多个线架(12、14和16),每个线架用与每个线架连接的交换结构(36)来支持节点内和节点间电信对话的多个信道,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过每个线架对业务进行跟踪(48、72和76)以确定建立电信对话用的可用信道的范围;以及
响应于对业务的跟踪而有选择地重新分配已建立的诸电信对话的信道(54、74和78)以腾出供额外电信对话用的额外信道,包括当检测到对第一线架的信道容量的利用已超出预定的最大门限时有选择地为所述第一线架支持的所述节点内电信对话中的至少一个对话减少已分配的信道。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括当由所述第一线架(12、14和16)支持的电信对话的结束把所述第一线架的信道容量的利用降低到预定的最小门限以下时有选择地给其他已建立的节点内电信对话增加信道的分配(82)。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,还包括建立所述预定的最大和最小门限随时间而变的准则(60、62、64和66)。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述建立准则的步骤包括收集信道分配的历史数据(62),及包括自适应地应用所述已收集的历史数据(64)来预测随当日时间和随每日而变的信道分配(66)。
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- 1997-02-11 JP JP53096097A patent/JP2001507877A/ja active Pending
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- 1997-02-11 WO PCT/US1997/002019 patent/WO1997032448A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-02-11 DE DE69736466T patent/DE69736466T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2001507877A (ja) | 2001-06-12 |
EP0885544B1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
CN1220075A (zh) | 1999-06-16 |
US5673253A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
EP0885544A1 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
WO1997032448A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
DE69736466D1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
CA2248330A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
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