CN109712500A - A kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram and application method - Google Patents
A kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109712500A CN109712500A CN201811364779.XA CN201811364779A CN109712500A CN 109712500 A CN109712500 A CN 109712500A CN 201811364779 A CN201811364779 A CN 201811364779A CN 109712500 A CN109712500 A CN 109712500A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram and application methods, including self-loopa varying head control device, transparent mould molding box, Vertical loading device, numerical value observation system and computer；Pass through the change to self-loopa varying head control device height, transparent native axis pressure and transparent native match ratio, multifactor lower piping permeability test can be carried out, pass through arc guide rail, it can make the uniform rotation on guide rail of fan laser transmitter, make sample state of the cameras capture at different cross section, it avoids and chooses section randomness bring defect, and realize 3D hologram visual presentation during soil body piping, apparatus of the present invention structure is simple and convenient to operate, is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram and application methods, belong to ground
Engineering Visual experimental technique field.
Background technique
Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering subject, be one be related to soil mechanics, rock mechanics, engineering geology etc. with
The subject in all kinds of Practical Projects about engineering technology problems such as rock, soil is solved, it is closely coupled with people's lives.Largely
Flood data shows that levee foundation piping is main dangerous situation one of of the rivers embankment in flood season, the quantity not only occurred it is more and
And have a very wide distribution, it is important that be easy to induce the dangerous situation that inrushes.Among 98 floods, the larger dangerous situation of middle and lower reach of Yangtze River dyke levee foundation
In, 52.4% is piping, is accounted for first of various dangerous situations.Due to the complexity and diversity of the soil body, so that seepage deformation Emergence and Development
Process is also extremely complex and has randomness.River Embankment cannot be reinforced effectively, so that all having to throw in flood season every year
Enter a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources, the dam body due to caused by piping destroys for a long time and dike breaching is caused to society
Heavy losses.The waterpower and geometrical condition that piping occurs in aggressivity are the hot and difficult issue of current research, existing research table
It is bright, piping occur hydraulics it is multifactor related to gradation, fine material content, stress state etc., however physical relationship how mesh
It is preceding not yet to form unified conclusion.Engineering practice, which counts, to be shown under high osmotic strength long term, basis, levee body, levee body and ground
Piping in corrosion type may occur for base engaging portion, thus reinforce research to piping in corrosion type to China's high dam, superelevation dam
Construction demand be of great practical significance.
It is current domestic it is also stringent distinguish piping in conventional piping and corrosion type, in Cong Xiguan level both analyses occur,
The mechanism of development is that fine grained moves in matrix porosity it is recognized that while the two essence is more consistent, but conventional piping development
The inverse trip erosional features of seepage exit are come from presentation, and piping then shows as fair current erosion in corrosion type.Relative to conventional piping, invade
Piping then has more concealment, harmfulness in erosion type, occurs not noticeable.
Piping under unstable infiltration energy acts on is because its generation has the characteristics that sudden and destructiveness is big, to it
Study relatively difficult.Deformation of the soil body under various stress states is measured, especially under the effect of unstable infiltration energy
The continuous modification and displacement field of inside soil body when soil body failure by piping are always the long-term problems faced of ground worker.Tradition
Method be pre-buried some discrete sensors in undisturbed soil, but the sensor in the soil body cannot provide the continuous of inside soil body
Deformation behaviour, and the influence vulnerable to ambient enviroment, therefore its result is often inaccuracy, and impermeable due to the soil body
Bright property, limits the further investigation to its stress, strain.Researcher once used CT, x-ray imaging technology, nuclear magnetic resonance
The methods of study continuous modification and the flowing of the soil body, but high installation cost and technical difficult point largely limit
The extensive uses of these technologies.
Existing scholar proposes by transparent native technical application into piping test at present, but traditional test in relation to transparent soil
In, generally directly speckle field photo obtained is analyzed, has ignored the different institutes by light incident material refractive index
Caused error, the migration of the local granule as involved in piping occurrence and development initial stage is small deformation, and this artificial observation causes
Error actual land movement can be made to differ greatly with the displacement observed, to carrying out piping occurrence and development mechanism in a deep going way
Research have an adverse effect.Therefore transparent soil material and digital image processing techniques are based on, material identical as transparent soil is utilized
Manufactured reference grid proposes soil body position when a kind of not only economic but also practicable unstable infiltration energy acts on lower failure by piping
The experimental rig and test method for moving precise visualization just seem particularly necessary.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind can carry out multifactor lower piping permeability test and reality
The existing visual experimental provision of soil body piping process 3D hologram and application method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram, including self-loopa varying head control device, thoroughly
Bright model casing, Vertical loading device, numerical value observation system and computer；
The self-loopa varying head control device includes water tank, tank height control device, water tank and is located at described
Immersible pump in water tank, the water tank inner vertical are provided with an overflow plate and the water tank are divided into recirculating zone and overflow
Area, the recirculating zone bottom are connect with the storage tank pipeline, and the overflow area bottom is equipped with and connect respectively with the immersible pump
Pipeline and the water inlet pipe that is connect with see-through model bottom portion, the water inlet pipe be equipped with flowmeter and water valve；
The transparent mould molding box be cylindrical shape, lower part is water flow buffer area, middle part be saturated the transparent area Tu Tianyang and on
The area Bu Weichuliu, the area Tian Yang is equally spaced along short transverse several pore pressure meters, the area Tian Yang and the buffer area it
Between be isolated by first pressure plate, filter layer is additionally provided with above the first pressure plate, between the area Chu Liu and the area Tian Yang
By can sand thoroughly the isolation of second pressure plate, the area Chu Liu is equipped with water outlet, the water outlet lower edge and the second pressure plate
Upper limb is concordant, and the water outlet is equipped with the outlet pipe connecting with the water tank, and the outlet pipe is equipped with water valve and flow
Meter；
The Vertical loading device makes transparent soil in different stress fields for exerting a force in the second pressure plate
In；
The numerical value observation system includes for acquiring the CCD camera of transparent native image, arc guide rail, being located at the circular arc
The laser emitter for irradiating transparent soil formation speckle field on guide rail slide unit and the reference lattice for being inserted into transparent soil
Grid, the arc guide rail slide unit angle rotatable are greater than 180 °；
The computer is connect with the flowmeter and the CCD camera.
The Vertical loading device includes reaction frame, hydraulic jack, hydraulic pump and force transmission rack, and the reaction frame includes
Bottom plate, top plate and the connecting rod for connecting the bottom plate and the top plate, the transparent mould molding box are located at the bottom plate
On, with the top plate contact at the top of the hydraulic jack, bottom contacts with the force transmission rack, the force transmission rack bottom with it is described
The contact of second pressure plate.
The top plate is flexibly connected with the connecting rod.
The tank height control device includes motor, gear, rack gear and control cabinet, and the motor drives the tooth
Wheel, moves up and down the rack gear vertically, and the rack gear is connect with the water tank, and the controller is described for controlling
Motor.
The transparent mould molding box is made of quartz, inner diameter 220mm~250mm, high 400mm~500mm, and wall thickness 5~
8mm。
The see-through model chamber interior wall is coated with one layer of Buddha's warrior attendant spray, refractive index and see-through model box material refractive index phase
Together.
A kind of application method of the visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram, comprising the following steps:
It is prepared according to the parameter request of test and is saturated transparent soil sample accordingly, placed it in transparent mould molding box；
Injecting in water tank has identical refractive index with the transparent soil sample of saturation and adds the pore-fluid of fluorescer；
Vertical loading device is installed, gives transparent soil sample certain pressure at right angle；
Laser emitter is opened, after power stability, adjusts the angle of laser section, it is made vertically to squeeze into the transparent soil of saturation
Sample forms speckle field；
The visual range of CCD camera is adjusted, it can be comprising being entirely saturated transparent soil sample；
Arc guide rail is opened, slide unit movement speed and moving range are adjusted；
Immersible pump is opened, keeps water level in water tank constant, so that being saturated the infiltration energy of transparent soil sample during the test
It remains unchanged；
Water inlet pipe water valve and outlet pipe water valve are opened, so that there is identical folding with the transparent soil sample of saturation in head regulating system
It penetrates rate and adds the pore-fluid of fluorescer and enter transparent mould molding box.
The water tank rate of climb is controlled, lures that the unstable infiltration energy effect of the transparent soil sample of saturation is lower into and failure by piping occurs, it will
The picture transfer of data and the CCD camera acquisition of flowmeter is to computer；
After test is completed, passes through particle picture processing software and combine referring to grid, analyze failure by piping obtained
Process picture obtains soil deformation displacement field when soil body failure by piping.
Advantageous effects of the invention:
The overlying burden to sample is increased in the present invention, for constructing different stress fields, using columnar transparent
Model casing, it is ensured that sample respectively to uniform force, changes in conjunction with self-loopa varying head control device, transparent native match ratio etc.,
Multifactor lower piping permeability test can be carried out, research seepage flow head boundary condition (△ H/t), stress state (σ), fines contain
The influence of (Ff), controlling feature partial size ratio (Dc35/d85) to piping is measured, piping genesis mechanism is disclosed, provides examination for follow-up study
Test basis；
Fan laser transmitter is placed on arc guide rail slide unit in the present invention, makes its uniform rotation on guide rail, it can
So that sample state of the cameras capture at different cross section, avoids and chooses section randomness bring defect, available examination
The photo of arbitrary section during testing, later period can be carried out three-dimensional using PFC and be built by the analysis to cross-section photograph each in test
Mould, so that 3D hologram is visually shown during realizing soil body piping；
Test model structure of the present invention is simple, strong operability, and economic feasibility is high；
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the axis of laser emitter, CCD camera, arc guide rail slide unit and transparent mould molding box positional relationship in embodiment
Mapping；
Fig. 3 is that laser emitter, CCD camera, arc guide rail slide unit are bowed with transparent mould molding box positional relationship in embodiment
View；Fig. 4 is can saturating sand pressure plare top view；
Wherein: 1 is transparent mould molding box；2 be transparent soil；3 be multilayer cobble；4 is can sand pressure plares thoroughly；5 be influent stream pipe；6
For water tank；7 be overflow plate；8 be drinking-water pipe；9 be immersible pump；10 be drainpipe；11 be water tank；12 be outflow tube；13 be hole
Pressure meter；14 be control valve；15 be flowmeter；16 be computer；17 be laser emitter；18 be CCD camera；19 be counter-force
Frame；20 be jack；21 be force transmission rack；22 be hydraulic pump；23 be rack-and-pinion；24 be motor；25 be control cabinet；26 be circular arc
Guide rail；27 be water inlet；28 be water outlet；29 be miillpore filter.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram, comprising:
Self-loopa varying head control device, self-loopa varying head control device include water tank 6, tank height control device,
Water tank 11, immersible pump 9,6 inner vertical of water tank are provided with an overflow plate 7, and water tank 6 is divided into two parts, overflow by overflow plate 7
7 height of plate is lower than the height of water tank 6, and drainage hole, blasthole, apopore are arranged at 6 bottom of water tank, and drainage hole is connected with drainpipe 10
It connects, blasthole is connected by drinking-water pipe 8 with the immersible pump 9 placed inside water tank 11 is located at, its adjustable pumping of immersible pump 9
Water flow, apopore are connected with water inlet pipe 5, and tank height control device includes gear, rack gear 23, motor 24 and control cabinet
25,23 bottom of rack gear is connected with water tank 6, motor 24 with moving gear rotate, and then make rack gear 23 along vertical direction on move down
It is dynamic, the slewing rate of motor 24 is controlled by control cabinet 25, and then control the rate that water tank 6 moves up and down；
Transparent mould molding box 1, transparent mould molding box 1 are made of quartz, and shape is cylinder-shaped, inner diameter 220mm~250mm,
High 400mm~500mm, 5~8mm of wall thickness, inner diameter 220mm, high 600mm, wall thickness 8mm in this example；Transparent mould molding box 1
Lower half portion is buffer area, and middle section is the area Tian Yang, and top half is the area Chu Liu；Buffer area bottom be equipped with on water supply device
The interface that is connected of influent stream pipe 5, multilayer cobble 3 is filled inside buffer area, by can sand pressure thoroughly between buffer area and the area Tian Yang
Plate 4 is isolated, and can be covered one layer of strainer 29 in 4 upper surface of sand pressure plare thoroughly, is equidistantly laid with multiple pore pressures along short transverse in the area Tian Yang
Meter 13, see-through model chamber interior wall spray one layer of Buddha's warrior attendant spray painting, and Buddha's warrior attendant spray hardness is high, super transparent, and the Buddha's warrior attendant spray used is in holding
Chemical Industry Science Co., Ltd's production, the top half of transparent mould molding box 1 is equipped with outlet pipe, and top half and the area Tian Yang are by can be saturating
Sand pressure plare 4 is isolated, can that upper limb is isolated is concordant with outlet pipe lower edge for sand pressure plare 4 thoroughly；
One Vertical loading device, including reaction frame 19, hydraulic jack 20, hydraulic pump 22, force transmission rack 21, reaction frame 19 wrap
Four rod irons, two blocks of square steel plates, four nuts are included, four rod iron one end weld together with lower steel plate, and four rod irons are another
One end is fixed it with upper steel plate by nut, dismantles upper steel plate when replacing transparent soil, hydraulic jack 20 and hydraulic pump 22
It is connected, 20 top of hydraulic jack is contacted with upper steel plate, and 20 bottom of hydraulic jack is contacted with 21 upper surface of force transmission rack, power transmission
21 lower surface of frame with can contact 4 upper surface of sand pressure plare thoroughly, jack is attached to oil pressure gauge by hydraulic oil pump feed, hydraulic pump,
One digital observation system, such as Fig. 2, shown in Fig. 3, including CCD camera 18, arc guide rail 26, fan laser transmitter
And referring to grid, wherein arc guide rail 26 is placed on 1 outer periphery direction of transparent mould molding box, makes fan laser thereon
Transmitter 17 can be rotated around transparent mould molding box 1, and its movement speed, range-controllable, CCD camera 18 are placed in transparent mould molding box 1
Front, referring to grid be inserted in saturation it is transparent it is native 2 inside (not indicated in figure)；
One computer, 16 system, is electrically connected with flowmeter 15 and CCD camera 18.
Specifically used method is as follows:
The first step, carry out according to the parameter request of test using tekite sand being stirred well to soil sample at normal temperature it is uniform
Transparent to be configured to transparent soil, configuration mixing has the pore-fluid of respective indices of refraction with tekite sand at normal temperature, is configuring
During transparent soil, keep local environment temperature constant, and add fluorescer in pore liquid.
Self-loopa varying head control device, transparent mould molding box, Vertical loading device are placed on smooth location, keep place
Interior light is uniform.
The pore pressure collector that see-through model box outer wall is equidistantly laid can measure in test sample at different seepage paths length
Head, and then the barometric gradient of sample different location can be calculated.
The setting of the transparent mould area molding box Zhong Tianyang bottom can sand pressure plare 4 thoroughly, to simulate under full-scale condition water flow for soil
The percussion of body, as shown in figure 4, the aperture of multi-layer porous cover board is 5mm, the setting water inlet 27 on the downside of transparent mould molding box,
Water outlet 28 is arranged in upside.
Configured transparent soil layering is put into transparent mould molding box.
Second step, interior injection has identical refractive index with saturation transparent native 2 and adds the hole clearance flow of fluorescer in water tank 6
Body；
Third step installs Vertical loading device, and jack 20 employed in this example is the huge ancient cooking vessel hydraulic tool in Yuhuan county
The ultrathin multi-section jack 20 of factory's production, gives transparent native 2 certain pressure at right angle,
4th step places arc guide rail 26 in the outside of transparent mould molding box, places laser emitter on arc guide rail slide unit
17, laser emitter 17 employed in this example is the green laser of solid-state, power 2V.Laser emitter 17 is opened, circle is passed through
Arc guide rail slide unit adjusts the position of laser light incident, so that its different cross section for squeezing into transparent soil, forms laser section, Laser emission
Device 17 is vertical with the alien invasion of transparent mould molding box at a distance of 250mm.Arc guide rail 26 is opened, slide unit movement speed and movement are adjusted
Range.
5th step places CCD camera 18 in the front of transparent mould molding box, and CCD camera 18 employed in this example is
The WP-US140/M type CCD high-speed industrial digital camera of Shenzhen Hua Gu power Science and Technology Ltd. production, adjusts CCD camera 18
The height and angle of frame, so that the alien invasion of the alignment lens transparent mould molding box of CCD camera 18, obtains preferable visual range,
Can be comprising entire transparent soil, and guarantee its camera plane always perpendicular to the fan of laser light of fan laser transmitter transmitting
Face, CCD camera 18 are connected with computer 16, and it is arranged with 1 frame/second frequency collection image and is sent to computer 16, CCD
Camera 18 is vertical with the alien invasion of transparent mould molding box at a distance of 250mm.
6th step opens water pump, keeps water level in water supply device constant, so that being saturated transparent native 2 during the test
Infiltration energy remains unchanged；
7th step opens water inlet pipe water valve and outlet pipe water valve, so that having in head regulating system with saturation transparent native 2
The identical refractive index and pore-fluid for adding fluorescer enters transparent mould molding box by multilayer cobble.
8th step, input tank height control device control 6 rate of climb of water tank, lure the transparent native 2 unstable infiltration of saturation into
Permeable head effect is lower to occur failure by piping, and the data of flowmeter 15 are transmitted to computer 16；
During 9th step, seepage flow deformation or failure by piping, it is saturated transparent native 2 mixture going out by see-through model box top
Water pipe discharge；
After tenth step, test are completed, passes through particle picture processing software and combine referring to grid, analyze obtained piping
Destructive process picture, the later period carries out three-dimensional modeling by the analysis to cross-section photograph each in test, using PFC, to realize soil
3D hologram is visually shown during body piping.
11st step, change are applied to transparent native 2 pressure at right angle and water tank 6 promotes speed, form different combinations, after
It is continuous to be tested.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram, characterized in that controlled including self-loopa varying head
Device, transparent mould molding box, Vertical loading device, numerical value observation system and computer；
The self-loopa varying head control device includes water tank, tank height control device, water tank and is located at the water storage
Immersible pump in case, the water tank inner vertical are provided with an overflow plate and the water tank are divided into recirculating zone and overflow area, institute
It states recirculating zone bottom to connect with the storage tank pipeline, the overflow area bottom is equipped with the pipeline connecting with the immersible pump respectively
And the water inlet pipe connecting with see-through model bottom portion, the water inlet pipe are equipped with flowmeter and water valve；
The transparent mould molding box is cylindrical shape, and lower part is water flow buffer area, middle part is to be saturated the transparent area Tu Tianyang and top is
The area Chu Liu, the area Tian Yang is equally spaced along short transverse several pore pressure meters, between the area Tian Yang and the buffer area by
The isolation of first pressure plate is additionally provided with filter layer above the first pressure plate, by can between the area Chu Liu and the area Tian Yang
The second pressure plate isolation of saturating sand, the area Chu Liu is equipped with water outlet, the water outlet lower edge and the second pressure plate upper limb
Concordantly, the water outlet is equipped with the outlet pipe connecting with the water tank, and the outlet pipe is equipped with water valve and flowmeter；
The Vertical loading device makes transparent soil in different stress fields for exerting a force in the second pressure plate；
The numerical value observation system includes for acquiring the CCD camera of transparent native image, arc guide rail, being located at the arc guide rail
The laser emitter for irradiating transparent soil formation speckle field on slide unit and the reference grid for being inserted into transparent soil, institute
Arc guide rail slide unit angle rotatable is stated greater than 180 °；
The computer is connect with the flowmeter and the CCD camera.
2. a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram according to claim 1, characterized in that institute
Stating Vertical loading device includes reaction frame, hydraulic jack, hydraulic pump and force transmission rack, and the reaction frame includes bottom plate, top plate
And the connecting rod for connecting the bottom plate and the top plate, the transparent mould molding box are located on the bottom plate, the liquid
It presses at the top of jack and the top plate contact, bottom is contacted with the force transmission rack, the force transmission rack bottom and the second pressure
Plate contact.
3. a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram according to claim 2, characterized in that institute
Top plate is stated to be flexibly connected with the connecting rod.
4. a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram according to claim 1, characterized in that institute
Stating tank height control device includes motor, gear, rack gear and control cabinet, and the motor drives the gear, makes the tooth
Item vertically moves up and down, and the rack gear is connect with the water tank, and the controller is for controlling the motor.
5. a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram according to claim 1, characterized in that institute
It states transparent mould molding box to be made of quartz, inner diameter 220mm~250mm, high 400mm~500mm, 5~8mm of wall thickness.
6. a kind of visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram according to claim 1, characterized in that institute
It states see-through model chamber interior wall and is coated with one layer of Buddha's warrior attendant spray, refractive index is identical as see-through model box material refractive index.
7. a kind of application method of the visual experimental rig of soil body failure by piping 3D hologram, characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
It is prepared according to the parameter request of test and is saturated transparent soil sample accordingly, placed it in transparent mould molding box；
Injecting in water tank has identical refractive index with the transparent soil sample of saturation and adds the pore-fluid of fluorescer；
Vertical loading device is installed, gives transparent soil sample certain pressure at right angle；
Laser emitter is opened, after power stability, adjusts the angle of laser section, it is made vertically to squeeze into the transparent soil sample of saturation,
Form speckle field；
The visual range of CCD camera is adjusted, it can be comprising being entirely saturated transparent soil sample；
Arc guide rail is opened, slide unit movement speed and moving range are adjusted；
Immersible pump is opened, keeps water level in water tank constant, so that the infiltration energy for being saturated transparent soil sample during the test is kept
It is constant；
Water inlet pipe water valve and outlet pipe water valve are opened, so that there is identical refractive index with the transparent soil sample of saturation in head regulating system
And the pore-fluid for adding fluorescer enters transparent mould molding box.
The water tank rate of climb is controlled, lures that the unstable infiltration energy effect of the transparent soil sample of saturation is lower into and failure by piping occurs, by flow
The picture transfer of data and the CCD camera acquisition of meter is to computer；
After test is completed, passes through particle picture processing software and combine referring to grid, analyze failure by piping process obtained
Picture obtains soil deformation displacement field when soil body failure by piping.
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| CN112697672A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-23 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Simulation test device and test method for piping damage of layered embankment foundation |
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| CN112903557A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 东南大学 | Visual measuring device and method for flow velocity and flow field in rock fracture seepage process |
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| CN111650166B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-04-06 | 重庆大学 | Hydraulic erosion evolution simulation system and experimental method for transparent soil-rock mixture |
| CN112268844A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-26 | 浙大城市学院 | Seepage erosion control system and test method under GDS triaxial apparatus drainage condition |
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| CN112834406A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | 南京福欧地下空间数据科技有限公司 | Foundation pit piping image acquisition device and use method |
| CN112834406B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-08-09 | 南京福欧地下空间数据科技有限公司 | Foundation pit piping image acquisition device and use method |
| CN112924352A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-08 | 河海大学 | Visual submerged corrosion test device and method and transparent soil preparation method |
| CN112903557A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 东南大学 | Visual measuring device and method for flow velocity and flow field in rock fracture seepage process |
| CN112903557B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 东南大学 | Visual measuring device and method for flow velocity and flow field in rock fracture seepage process |
| CN114112832A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-03-01 | 江苏开放大学（江苏城市职业学院） | Testing device and testing method for researching whole process of sand gravel piping |
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