CN109693658A - 混合动力车辆的控制方法 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109693658A
CN109693658A CN201711277361.0A CN201711277361A CN109693658A CN 109693658 A CN109693658 A CN 109693658A CN 201711277361 A CN201711277361 A CN 201711277361A CN 109693658 A CN109693658 A CN 109693658A
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driving motor
controller
angle
hybrid vehicle
overtone
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Granted
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CN201711277361.0A
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CN109693658B (zh
Inventor
林在相
金永云
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
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    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/02Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
    • B60L15/025Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • HELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种混合动力车辆的控制方法,该方法包括:通过控制器基于混合动力车辆的运行状态信息来确定混合动力车辆的运行模式;以及当混合动力车辆的运行模式是混合动力电动车辆模式时,通过控制器基于由混合动力车辆的第二驱动电机的角度传感器提供的第二驱动电机的角度信息来控制包括在混合动力车辆中的第一驱动电机。混合动力电动车辆模式是其中混合动力车辆的发动机、第一驱动电机和第二驱动电机驱动混合动力车辆的运行模式。

Description

混合动力车辆的控制方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年10月20日向韩国知识产权局提交的申请号为10-2017-0136419的韩国专利申请的优先权和权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环境友好型车辆,并且更具体地,涉及一种混合动力车辆(或者混合动力电动车辆)的控制方法。
背景技术
环境友好型车辆包括燃料电池车辆、电动车辆、插电式电动车辆和混合动力车辆,并且通常包括用于产生驱动力的电机。
作为环境友好型车辆的一个示例的混合动力车辆同时使用内燃发动机和电池的电力。换句话说,混合动力车辆有效地结合和使用内燃发动机的动力和电机的动力。
混合动力车辆可以包括发动机、电机、用于调节发动机与电机之间的动力的发动机离合器、变速器、差速器装置、电池、起动发电机或通过发动机的输出来产生电力的起动-发电机以及车轮。
此外,混合动力车辆可以包括:混合动力控制单元(HCU),用于控制混合动力车辆的整个运行;发动机控制单元(ECU),用于控制发动机的运行;电机控制单元(MCU),用于控制电机的运行;变速器控制单元(TCU),用于控制变速器的运行;以及电池控制单元(BCU),用于控制和管理电池。
电池控制单元可以被称为电池管理系统(BMS)。起动-发电机可以被称为集成起动机和发电机(ISG)或混合起动机和发电机(HSG)。
混合动力车辆可以以如下驱动模式来驱动,诸如仅使用电机的动力的电动车辆模式的电动车辆(EV)模式、使用发动机的旋转力作为主动力并使用电机的旋转力作为辅助动力的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式、以及用于在车辆通过电机产生的电力制动或惯性的驱动期间收集制动和惯性能量以对电池充电的再生制动(RB)模式。
电机控制单元(MCU)用于控制在混合动力车辆中使用的感应电机或同步电机。为此,根据通量(flux)的位置建立坐标系。因此,使用旋转变压器(resolver)来读取电机转子的绝对位置。旋转变压器感测电机的转速和相位数据,将电机转子的位置数据传送给MCU,这些数据用于产生扭矩指令和速度指令。
在本背景技术部分中公开的上述信息仅用于增强对本发明背景的理解,因此其可包含不构成本国本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明致在提供一种混合动力车辆的控制方法,该混合动力车辆的控制方法能够去除包括在混合动力车辆中的两个驱动电机中的角度传感器中的一个。
本发明的示例性实施例可以提供一种混合动力车辆的控制方法,该方法包括:通过控制器基于混合动力车辆的运行状态信息来确定混合动力车辆的运行模式;以及当混合动力车辆的运行模式是混合动力电动车辆模式时,通过控制器基于由混合动力车辆的第二驱动电机的角度传感器提供的第二驱动电机的角度信息来控制包括在混合动力车辆中的第一驱动电机。混合动力电动车辆模式可以是其中混合动力车辆的发动机、第一驱动电机和第二驱动电机驱动混合动力车辆的运行模式。
控制第一驱动电机可以包括:通过控制器设定第一驱动电机的初始角度;通过控制器基于第一驱动电机的初始角度和第二驱动电机的角度信息来计算第一驱动电机的角度;以及由控制器基于第一驱动电机的角度来控制第一驱动电机。
设定第一驱动电机的初始角度可以包括:通过控制器计算与用于控制第一驱动电机的D轴电压或Q轴电压的六次谐波(six harmonic)的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度和与D轴电压或Q轴电压的参考六次谐波的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度之间的角度差值的最小值;通过控制器计算六次谐波的平均值和参考六次谐波的平均值;通过控制器计算六次谐波的平均值和参考六次谐波的平均值之间的平均差值;通过控制器基于根据平均差值的表选择角度校正值;以及通过控制器基于角度差值的最小值和角度校正值来计算第一驱动电机的初始角度。参考六次谐波可以是第一驱动电机的初始角度不需要进行校正时所产生的谐波。
混合动力车辆的控制方法可以进一步包括:当混合动力车辆的运行模式是电动车辆模式时,通过控制器基于第二驱动电机的角度信息来控制第二驱动电机。电动车辆模式可以是第二驱动电机驱动混合动力车辆的运行模式。
混合动力车辆的控制方法可以进一步包括:当混合动力车辆的运行模式是发动机启动模式时,通过控制器基于由发动机的发动机转速传感器提供的发动机转速信息来控制第一驱动电机。发动机启动模式可以是其中第一驱动电机启动发动机的运行模式。
控制第一驱动电机可以包括:通过控制器设定第一驱动电机的初始角度;通过控制器基于以第一驱动电机的初始角度为基础计算的发动机的角度信息和发动机转速信息来计算第一驱动电机的角度;以及通过控制器基于第一驱动电机的角度来控制第一驱动电机。
设定第一驱动电机的初始角度可以包括:通过控制器计算与用于控制第一驱动电机的D轴电压或Q轴电压的六次谐波的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度和与D轴电压或Q轴电压的参考六次谐波的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度之间的角度差值的最小值;通过控制器计算六次谐波的平均值和参考六次谐波的平均值;通过控制器计算六次谐波的平均值与参考六次谐波的平均值之间的平均差值;通过控制器基于根据平均差值的表选择角度校正值;以及通过控制器基于角度差值的最小值和角度校正值来计算第一驱动电机的初始角度。参考六次谐波可以是第一驱动电机的初始角度不需要校正时所产生的谐波。
混合动力车辆的控制方法可以进一步包括:当混合动力车辆的运行模式是电池充电模式时,通过控制器基于由发动机的发动机转速传感器提供的发动机转速信息来控制第一驱动电机。电池充电模式可以是其中第一驱动电机对混合动力车辆的电池充电的运行模式。
控制第一驱动电机可以包括:通过控制器设定第一驱动电机的初始角度;通过控制器基于以第一驱动电机的初始角度为基础计算的发动机的角度信息和发动机转速信息来计算第一驱动电机的角度;以及通过控制器基于第一驱动电机的角度来控制第一驱动电机。
设定第一驱电机的初始角度可以包括:通过控制器计算与用于控制第一驱动电机的D轴电压或Q轴电压的六次谐波的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度和与D轴电压或Q轴电压的参考六次谐波的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度之间的角度差值的最小值;通过控制器计算六次谐波的平均值和参考六次谐波的平均值;通过控制器计算六次谐波的平均值与参考六次谐波的平均值之间的平均差值;通过控制器基于根据平均差值的表选择角度校正值;以及通过控制器基于角度差值的最小值和角度校正值来计算第一驱动电机的初始角度。参考六次谐波可以是第一驱动电机的初始角度不需要校正时所产生的谐波。
连接第一驱动电机与第二驱动电机或者使第一驱动电机与第二驱动电机断开的离合器可以设置在第一驱动电机和第二驱动电机之间。
传递第一驱动电机的动力、发动机的动力以及第二驱动电机的动力的行星齿轮组可以驱动混合动力车辆。
根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法可以通过去除混合动力车辆中的驱动电机中包括的角度传感器中的一个来控制混合动力车辆。因此,可降低混合动力车辆的制造成本。
附图说明
将提供对附图的简要描述以更充分地理解在本发明的详细描述中所用的附图。
图1是用于说明应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的混合动力车辆的视图。
图2是用于说明应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的混合动力车辆的另一示例的视图。
图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的流程图。
图4是示出图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的流程图。
图5和图6是用于说明图3所示的第二驱动电机的控制步骤的视图。
图7是用于说明图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的视图。
图8至图10是用于说明图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的曲线图。
图11是用于说明图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的表。
具体实施方式
为了充分理解本公开以及通过实施本公开实现的目的,将参考示出本发明的示例性实施例的附图以及附图中描述的内容。
在下文中,将通过参考附图描述本公开的示例性实施例来详细描述本公开。在描述本公开时,将不详细描述公知的构造或功能,因为它们可能不必要地模糊本公开的主旨。在整个附图中,相同的附图标记用于表示相同的组件。
本说明书中使用的术语仅用于描述特定的示例性实施例,而不限制本公开。除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式将包括复数形式。将进一步理解的是,在本说明书中使用的术语“包括”或“具有”指定存在本说明书中提到的特征、数字、步骤、操作、组件或部件、或其组合,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、数字、步骤、操作、组件、部件或其组合。
在整个说明书和权利要求书中,当描述元件“联接”到另一元件时,元件可以“直接联接”到另一元件或者通过第三元件“电力地或机械地联接”到另一元件。
除非另有定义,否则应理解的是,包括技术和科学术语的本说明书中使用的术语具有与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。必须理解的是,由字典定义的术语与相关技术的上下文中的含义相同,除非上下文另有明确规定,否则它们不应被理想地或过度地形式化地定义。
当在混合动力电动车辆(HEV)系统或插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)系统中使用两个驱动电机并且驱动电机之间设置发动机离合器或者在HEV系统或PHEV系统中使用两个驱动动机并且驱动电机之间设置行星齿轮组(或行星齿轮组合)时,可能会出现发动机离合器或行星齿轮组根据车辆的运行模式机械地连接的情况。在这种情况下,通过使用包括在驱动电机中的各个角度传感器来估计驱动电机的转子的角度可以执行车辆的控制。
图1是用于说明应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的混合动力车辆的视图。图2是用于说明应用了根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的混合动力车辆的另一示例的视图。图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的流程图。图4是示出图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的流程图。图5和图6是用于说明图3所示的第二驱动电机的控制步骤的视图。图7是用于说明图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的视图。图8至图10是用于说明图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的曲线图。图11是用于说明图3所示的第一驱动电机的初始角度设定步骤的表。
参照图1至图4,在确定步骤305中,控制器135或225可以基于混合动力车辆的运行状态信息来确定混合动力车辆100或200的运行模式。
混合动力车辆100可以包括发动机105、第一驱动电机110、离合器(或发动机离合器)115、第二驱动电机120、变速器125、车轮(或驱动轮)130、控制器135和电池140。混合动力车辆100可以被称为变速器安装式电动装置(TMED)系统。
离合器115可以设置在第一驱动电机110和第二驱动电机120之间,并且可以连接第一驱动电机与第二驱动电机或者使第一驱动电机与第二驱动电机断开。
电池140可以包括多个单元电池(unit cell)。用于向对车轮130提供驱动功率的第一驱动电机110或第二驱动电机120提供驱动电压(例如,350-450V DC)的高电压可以被存储在电池中。
例如,控制器135可以是由包括微处理器的程序或硬件操作的一个或多个微处理器。程序可以包括用于执行根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的一系列命令。这些命令可以存储在存储器中。控制器135可以控制混合动力车辆100的整体运行。
控制器135可以包括:混合动力控制单元(HCU);发动机控制单元(ECU),用于控制发动机105的运行;以及电机控制单元(MCU),用于控制第一驱动电机110和第二驱动电机120的运行,并且包括被配置为多个功率转换元件的逆变器。HCU可以是最高控制器,可以综合控制连接到诸如作为车辆网络的控制器局域网(CAN)的网络的ECU和MCU,并且可以控制混合动力车辆100的整体运行。
发动机105可以包括诸如霍尔传感器的发动机转速传感器106。第一驱动电机110可以不包括角度传感器,第二驱动电机120可以包括诸如旋转变压器的角度传感器122。角度传感器122可以是用于检测电机110中的转子的位置的传感器,并且可以将电机的旋转位置信息传送到控制器135。控制器135可以基于该信息控制要提供给电机的电流和电压。
第一驱动电机110可以是例如内置式永磁(IPM)电机。
第二驱动电机120可以是例如IPM电机。第二驱动电机120可以通过从MCU输出的三相AC电压运行以产生扭矩。在滑行驱动或再生制动期间,电机120可作为发电机运行,以向电池140提供电压(或再生能量)。
混合动力车辆200可以包括电池205、第一驱动电机210、行星齿轮组(或行星齿轮装置)215、第二驱动电机220、控制器225、发动机230和车轮235。
行星齿轮组215可以传递第一驱动电机210的动力(或扭矩)、发动机230的动力以及第二驱动电机220的动力以驱动车辆200。行星齿轮组215的功能可以与图1的离合器115和变速器125的功能相同。
电池205可以包括多个单元电池。用于向对车轮235提供驱动功率的第一驱动电机210或第二驱动电机220提供驱动电压(例如350-450V DC)的高电压可以被存储在电池中。
例如,控制器225可以是由包括微处理器的程序或硬件操作的一个或多个微处理器。程序可以包括用于执行根据本发明的示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的控制方法的一系列命令。这些命令可以存储在存储器中。控制器225可以控制混合动力车辆200的整体运行。
控制器225可以包括:混合动力控制单元(HCU);发动机控制单元(ECU),用于控制发动机230的运行;以及电机控制单元(MCU),用于控制第一驱动电机210和第二驱动电机220的运行,并且包括被配置为多个功率转换元件的逆变器。HCU可以是最高控制器,可以综合控制连接到诸如作为车辆网络的控制器区域网络(CAN)的网络的ECU和MCU,并且可以控制混合动力车辆200的整体运行。
第一驱动电机210可以不包括角度传感器,而第二驱动电机220可以包括诸如旋转变压器的角度传感器222。角度传感器222可以是用于检测电机210中的转子的位置的传感器,并且可以将电机的旋转位置信息发送到控制器225。控制器225可以基于该信息控制要提供给电机的电流和电压。发动机230可以包括诸如霍尔传感器的发动机转速传感器232。
第一驱动电机210可以是例如内置式永磁(IPM)电机。
第二驱动电机220可以是例如IPM电机。第二驱动电机220可以通过从MCU输出的三相AC电压来运行以产生扭矩。电机220在滑行驱动或再生制动期间可作为发电机运行,以向电池205提供电压(或再生能量)。
例如,运行状态信息可以包括由混合动力车辆100或200中包括的加速踏板位置传感器检测到的车辆驾驶员的需求扭矩或者由混合动力车辆的电池传感器检测到的电池140或205的电荷状态(SOC)信息。
当在确定步骤305中确定混合动力车辆处于电动车辆(EV)模式时,作为程序的混合动力车辆的控制方法可以进行到控制步骤310。
EV模式可以是第二驱动电机120或220驱动混合动力车辆的运行模式。在EV模式中,离合器115可以断开(或脱离),并且第二驱动电机120或220的扭矩(例如,低输出)可以经由变速器125或行星齿轮组215被传递到车轮130或235。
当在确定步骤305中确定混合动力车辆处于混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式时,程序可以进行到设定步骤315。
HEV模式可以是其中混合动力车辆的发动机105或230、第一驱动电机110或210以及第二驱动电机120或220驱动混合动力车辆的运行模式。在HEV模式下,离合器115可以被连接(或接合)并且发动机、第一驱动电机和第二驱动电机的扭矩(或者例如,高输出)可以经由变速器125或行星齿轮组215传递到车轮130或235。
当在确定步骤305中确定混合动力车辆处于发动机启动模式或电池充电模式时,程序可以进行到设定步骤330。
发动机启动模式可以是其中第一驱动电机110或210启动混合动力车辆的发动机105或230的运行模式。在发动机启动模式下,离合器115可以脱离并且发动机105或230的扭矩可以不通过变速器125或行星齿轮组215被传递到车轮130或235。
电池充电模式可以是其中第一驱动电机110或210对混合动力车辆的电池140或205充电的运行模式。在电池充电模式中,机械地联接到第一驱动电机110或210的发动机105或230可以通过控制电机对电池进行充电,使得第一驱动电机产生再生扭矩。在电池充电模式下,离合器115可以脱离,并且发动机105或230的扭矩可以不通过变速器125或行星齿轮组215传递到车轮130或235。
根据控制步骤310,当混合动力车辆的运行模式是EV模式时,控制器135或225可以基于第二驱动电机的角度信息(或旋转角度信息)来控制第二驱动电机120或220。
将参照图5和图6描述控制第二驱动电机120或220的运行的方法。
图5是用于说明不需要包括在第二驱动电机120或220中的旋转变压器的初始角度校正的情况(或状态)的视图。旋转变压器位置角度(θ)的位置角度(π)应该如图5所示等于电机(或电机定子)在U相(U相线圈)中的反电动势的峰值产生的位置(或角度)以执行电机的矢量控制。
图6是用于说明需要第二驱动电机120或220中包括的旋转变压器的初始角度校正的情况(或状态)的视图。如图6所示,当旋转变压器位置角度(θ)的位置角度(π)与电机的反电动势的峰值产生的位置之间存在差异时,控制器135或225可以使用软件来校正旋转变压器的初始角度以校正该差异。
根据设定步骤315,当混合动力车辆的运行模式是HEV模式时,控制器135或225可以设定第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度。
将参照图4描述设定第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度的方法。
根据存储步骤405,控制器135或225可以计算包括在其中第一驱动电机110或210的电角度大于0度并且小于360度的部分中且控制(或运行)第一驱动电机的D轴电压Vd或Q轴电压Vq,并且可以将计算的电压存储在存储器中。
参照图7,下面将描述用于控制第一驱动电机110或210的D轴电压Vd或Q轴电压Vq
图7示出了用于控制第一驱动电机110或210或第二驱动电机120或220的控制器135或225的示例性实施例。示例性实施例可以是用于控制IPM电机的控制器。当图7中所示的电机是第一驱动电机110或210时,在图7中可以省略旋转变压器。
控制器的示例性实施例可以包括电流命令发生器、电流控制器、坐标转换器、脉冲宽度调制(PWM)信号发生器和PWM逆变器。
电流命令发生器可以根据输入扭矩命令(或驱动电机的输入扭矩)T*和基于由驱动电机的旋转变压器检测到的电机的角度θ计算的驱动电机的转速1/λmax*产生d轴的电流命令id*和q轴的电流命令iq*,并将产生的电流命令提供给电流控制器。电流命令发生器可以包括每个扭矩命令和电机转速的扭矩命令和电流命令映射,并且可以提取分别与来自电流命令映射的扭矩命令T*和电机转速1/λmax*相对应的d轴电流命令id*和q轴的电流命令iq*。
电流控制器可以根据d轴电流命令id*和q轴电流命令iq*产生用于使电机运行的d轴电压命令Vd和q轴电压命令Vq。电流控制器可以接收从坐标转换器施加到d轴的d轴反馈电流id和施加到q轴的q轴反馈电流iq,并且可以通过校正d轴电压命令Vd和q轴电压命令Vq来去除扭矩误差。
坐标转换器可以通过三相转换d轴电压命令Vd和q轴电压命令Vq获得三相电压命令Vu*、Vv*和Vw*。PWM信号发生器可以使用3相电压命令Vu*、Vv*和Vw*产生PWM转换信号Su、Sv和Sw,并且可以将PWM转换信号Su、Sv和Sw输出到PWM逆变器。
PWM逆变器可以包括由输入的PWM转换信号Su、Sv和Sw选择性地打开和关闭的多个转换元件,并且可以输出用于控制电机的三相电流lu、lv和lw
坐标转换器可以从三相电流lu、lv和lw计算d轴反馈电流id和q轴反馈电流iq,并且可以将d轴反馈电流id和q轴反馈电流iq馈送回到电流控制器。
在专利号为10-1684538(公开号为2016/0368388的美国申请公开)的韩国专利中公开了包括电流控制器的控制器的示例。
如图7所示,用于控制第一驱动电机110或210的D轴电压Vd或Q轴电压Vq,即包括在控制器135或225中的电流控制器的输出,可以是第一驱动电机的d轴电压命令或第一驱动电机的q轴电压命令。当执行驱动电机的矢量控制时,电压Vd或Vq可以有六次谐波输出。
根据计算步骤410,控制器135或225可以计算与六次谐波的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度和与电压Vd或Vq的参考六次谐波的峰值相对应的第一驱动电机的电角度之间的角度差值的最小值。
将参照图8描述计算角度差值的最小值θcm的方法。
在图8中,附图标记505可以指示电压的参考六次谐波,附图标记510可以指示当第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度未被精确设定时所生成的六次谐波。参考六次谐波是当第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度被正确设定时产生的谐波,并且可以由包括数学分析的测试或软件来确定。当如与图5相关的描述中提到的旋转变压器位置角度(θ)的位置角度(π)等于电机的反电动势的峰值产生的位置时可出现参考六次谐波,并且参考六次谐波可以是当不需要校正第一驱动电机的初始角度时产生的谐波。
根据计算步骤415,控制器135或225可以计算六次谐波的平均值和参考六次谐波的平均值。
根据计算步骤420,控制器135或225可以计算六次谐波的平均值和参考六次谐波的平均值之间的平均差值。
根据选择步骤425,控制器135或225可以基于根据平均差值的表(例如,存储器)来选择角度校正值。
根据计算步骤430,控制器135或225可以基于角度差值的最小值和角度校正值来计算第一驱动电机的初始角度。
下文将参照图9、10和11来描述计算步骤415、计算步骤420、选择步骤425和计算步骤430。
例如,如图9所示,当在驱动电机的电角度的一个周期中六次谐波的峰值产生六次时,可能不能确定使用哪个峰值差(例如θc1或θc2)来校正驱动电机的初始角度。为了解决这个问题,可以计算图10中所示的六次谐波的平均值Vd_avg2和参考六次谐波的平均值Vd_avg1。这可能是因为驱动电机的初始角度根据Vd或Vq的大小而变化。
在计算出六次谐波的平均值(Vd_avg2)与参考六次谐波的平均值(Vd_avg1)之间的平均差值(Vd_diff=Vd_avg2-Vd_avg1)之后,控制器135或225可以基于根据平均差值的表选择校正因子(α),并且可以选择角度校正值(α×60度)。在图11中,K1、K2、K3、K4和K5可以根据驱动电机的特性而改变,并且可以通过测试来确定。
控制器135或225可以基于角度差值的最小值(θcm)和角度校正值(α×60度),根据以下等式来计算第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度θc。
θc=θcm+(α×60度)
在上面的等式中,校正因子α可以是值0、1、2、3、4或5。
根据计算步骤320,控制器135或225可以通过将由第二驱动电机的角度传感器122或222提供的第二驱动电机120或220的角度信息与第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度θc相加来计算第一驱动电机110或210的角度。
根据控制步骤325,控制器135或225可以基于第一驱动电机的角度来控制第一驱动电机110或210的运行。更详细地,由于第一驱动电机和第二驱动电机在HEV模式中通过离合器接合彼此机械地连接,所以第二驱动电机的角度信息可以用作第一驱动电机的角度信息。控制器135或225可以基于第二驱动电机的角度信息来控制第二驱动电机120或220的运行。
根据设定步骤330,当混合动力车辆的运行模式是电池充电模式或发动机启动模式时,控制器135或225可以设定第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度。设定步骤330的操作可以类似于设定步骤315的操作。
根据计算步骤335,控制器135或225可以通过将基于由发动机的发动机转速传感器106或232提供的发动机转速信息计算的发动机105或230的角度信息与第一驱动电机110或210的初始角度θc相加来计算第一驱动电机110或210的角度。控制器135或225可以通过对发动机转速信息Erpm相对于时间进行微分来计算发动机的角度信息d(Erpm)/dt。
根据控制步骤340,控制器135或225可以基于发动机转速信息来控制第一驱动电机110或210的运行。更详细地,由于发动机105或230和第一驱动电机110或210在发动机启动模式或电池充电模式下机械地联接,所以发动机的角度信息可以用作第一驱动电机110或210的角度信息。
如上所述,本发明的示例性实施例可以使用发动机转速传感器和第二驱动电机的角度传感器而不包括第一驱动电机中的角度传感器来估计第一驱动电机的旋转角度。当估计电机的旋转角度时,第一驱动电机的旋转角度的初始值可以基于用于电机控制的Vd值或Vq值来选择。
在本示例性实施例中使用的组件、“~单元”、块或模块可以用诸如在存储器中的预定区域中执行的任务、类、子程序、进程、对象、执行路线或者程序的软件,或诸如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或专用集成电路(ASIC)的硬件来实现,并且可以由软件和硬件的组合来执行。组件、“~部件”等可以嵌入计算机可读存储介质中,并且其一部分可以分散地分布在多个计算机中。
如上所述,在附图和说明书中已经公开了示例性实施例。本文中,已经使用了特定的术语,但是仅用于描述本公开的目的,并不用于限定在所附权利要求中公开的本公开的含义或限制本公开的范围。因此,本领域技术人员将理解的是,根据本公开,可以进行各种修改和等同的示例性实施例。因此,本公开的实际技术保护范围必须由所附权利要求的精神确定。

Claims (12)

1.一种混合动力车辆的控制方法,包括:
通过控制器基于所述混合动力车辆的运行状态信息来确定所述混合动力车辆的运行模式;以及
当所述混合动力车辆的运行模式是混合动力电动车辆模式时,通过所述控制器基于由所述混合动力车辆的第二驱动电机的角度传感器提供的第二驱动电机的角度信息来控制包括在所述混合动力车辆中的第一驱动电机,
其中,所述混合动力电动车辆模式是所述混合动力车辆的发动机、所述第一驱动电机以及所述第二驱动电机驱动所述混合动力车辆的运行模式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,控制所述第一驱动电机进一步包括:
通过所述控制器设定所述第一驱动电机的初始角度;
通过所述控制器基于所述第一驱动电机的初始角度和所述第二驱动电机的角度信息来计算所述第一驱动电机的角度;以及
通过所述控制器基于所述第一驱动电机的角度来控制所述第一驱动电机。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,设定所述第一驱动电机的初始角度进一步包括:
通过所述控制器计算与用于控制所述第一驱动电机的D轴电压或Q轴电压的六次谐波的峰值相对应的所述第一驱动电机的电角度和与所述D轴电压或所述Q轴电压的参考六次谐波的峰值相对应的所述第一驱动电机的电角度之间的角度差值的最小值;
通过所述控制器计算所述六次谐波的平均值和所述参考六次谐波的平均值;
通过所述控制器计算所述六次谐波的平均值和所述参考六次谐波的平均值之间的平均差值;
通过所述控制器基于根据所述平均差值的表来选择角度校正值;以及
通过所述控制器基于所述角度差值的最小值和所述角度校正值来计算所述第一驱动电机的初始角度,
其中,所述参考六次谐波是当所述第一驱动电机的初始角度不需要进行校正时所产生的谐波。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
当所述混合动力车辆的运行模式是电动车辆模式时,通过所述控制器基于所述第二驱动电机的角度信息来控制所述第二驱动电机,
其中,所述电动车辆模式是所述第二驱动电机驱动所述混合动力车辆的运行模式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
当所述混合动力车辆的运行模式是发动机启动模式时,通过所述控制器基于由所述发动机的发动机转速传感器提供的发动机转速信息来控制所述第一驱动电机,
其中,所述发动机启动模式是所述第一驱动电机启动所述发动机的运行模式。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,控制所述第一驱动电机进一步包括:
通过所述控制器设定所述第一驱动电机的初始角度;
通过所述控制器基于以所述第一驱动电机的初始角度为基础计算的所述发动机的角度信息和所述发动机转速信息来计算所述第一驱动电机的角度;以及
通过所述控制器基于所述第一驱动电机的角度来控制所述第一驱动电机。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,设定所述第一驱动电机的初始角度进一步包括:
通过所述控制器计算与用于控制所述第一驱动电机的D轴电压或Q轴电压的六次谐波的峰值相对应的所述第一驱动电机的电角度和与所述D轴电压或所述Q轴电压的参考六次谐波的峰值相对应的所述第一驱动电机的电角度之间的角度差值的最小值;
通过所述控制器计算所述六次谐波的平均值和所述参考六次谐波的平均值;
通过所述控制器计算所述六次谐波的平均值和所述参考六次谐波的平均值之间的平均差值;
通过所述控制器基于根据所述平均差值的表选择角度校正值;以及
通过所述控制器基于所述角度差值的最小值和所述角度校正值来计算所述第一驱动电机的初始角度,
其中,所述参考六次谐波是当所述第一驱动电机的初始角度不需要进行校正时所产生的谐波。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
当所述混合动力车辆的运行模式是电池充电模式时,通过所述控制器基于由所述发动机的发动机转速传感器提供的发动机转速信息来控制所述第一驱动电机,
其中,所述电池充电模式是所述第一驱动电机对所述混合动力车辆的电池进行充电的运行模式。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,控制所述第一驱动电机进一步包括:
通过所述控制器设定所述第一驱动电机的初始角度;
通过所述控制器基于以所述第一驱动电机的初始角度为基础计算的所述发动机的角度信息和所述发动机转速信息来计算所述第一驱动电机的角度;以及
通过所述控制器基于所述第一驱动电机的角度来控制所述第一驱动电机。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,设定所述第一驱动电机的初始角度进一步包括:
通过所述控制器计算与用于控制所述第一驱动电机的D轴电压或Q轴电压的六次谐波的峰值相对应的所述第一驱动电机的电角度和与所述D轴电压或所述Q轴电压的参考六次谐波的峰值相对应的所述第一驱动电机的电角度之间的角度差值的最小值;
通过所述控制器计算所述六次谐波的平均值和所述参考六次谐波的平均值;
通过所述控制器计算所述六次谐波的平均值和所述参考六次谐波的平均值之间的平均差值;
通过所述控制器基于根据所述平均差值的表选择角度校正值;以及
通过所述控制器基于所述角度差值的最小值和所述角度校正值来计算所述第一驱动电机的初始角度,
其中,所述参考六次谐波是当所述第一驱动电机的初始角度不需要进行校正时所产生的谐波。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,连接所述第一驱动电机与所述第二驱动电机或使所述第一驱动电机与所述第二驱动电机断开的离合器设置在所述第一驱动电机与所述第二驱动电机之间。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,传递所述第一驱动电机的动力、所述发动机的动力以及所述第二驱动电机的动力的行星齿轮组驱动所述混合动力车辆。
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