CN109692039A - 组合激光分束器取出装置 - Google Patents

组合激光分束器取出装置 Download PDF

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CN109692039A
CN109692039A CN201811137776.2A CN201811137776A CN109692039A CN 109692039 A CN109692039 A CN 109692039A CN 201811137776 A CN201811137776 A CN 201811137776A CN 109692039 A CN109692039 A CN 109692039A
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K·G·谢尔顿
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Abstract

本发明题为“组合激光分束器取出装置”。本文所公开的是一种医疗装置。该医疗装置包括护套、激光纤维、篮段和激光分束器。激光纤维被构造成从护套的端部延伸。篮段包括柔性构件。柔性构件的至少一部分位于护套和激光纤维之间。激光分束器耦接到激光纤维。

Description

组合激光分束器取出装置
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗装置,并且更具体地涉及组合激光分束器取出装置。
背景技术
在柔性输尿管镜激光碎石术过程中,使激光纤维在直接可视化下紧靠结石(calculi),为了减少结石的尺寸的目的,所以可创伤性较小地从患者移除结石。根据结石的物理特性及其在患者的解剖结构中的位置,不同的激光参数设定对于消融结石是最佳的。当前市售的激光器不会递送小于每个脉冲0.2焦耳的能量,或小于5kW的脉冲峰值功率。甚至这些最低设定的过程式后果是小碎片经历后退,并且如果激光纤维太靠近组织,则组织可显著被激光纤维破坏。后退是结石远离用于破碎结石的能量源的移动。
对患者的后果是:结石暴露于使医师花费更长时间操纵输尿管镜和激光纤维以维持紧靠结石碎片的过程,并且由于每次意外组织暴露于激光能量是有破坏性的,所以结石暴露于更多的组织损害。
激光纤维通常为充分柔性的,以便不防止内窥镜偏转到足够进入肾脏的所有区域。激光纤维通常也不会占据如此多的内窥镜工作通道,以便限定保持视野清晰所需的冲洗。为了这些原因,用于柔性碎石术的激光纤维具有通常不大于272μm的芯,其中外径在约400μm-500μm范围内。在光纤的表面处,激光的直径可为约272μm。
通过柔性输尿管镜碎石术治疗的典型结石的尺寸的直径的范围是从约5mm至20mm,假设为球体。因而,医师采用各种各样的技术将0.272mm激光纤维移动到结石表面上方。对于较大的结石,这可花费医师从15分钟到超过一个小时。如果将通过像结石取出篮的取出装置移除结石,则必须将结石减少到大约3mm碎片,或者如果结石将留在患者内以通过正常的解剖泌尿系统冲刷过程冲掉,则必须将结石减少到小于大约1.5mm。如上面所讨论的,将结石减少到可接受尺寸所花费的时间量基于医师维持激光纤维和内窥镜紧靠结石及其较大碎片的技能、特定结石的机械特性,以及正在部署的激光参数的量值变化。
对抗结石使用的能量或峰值功率越多,结石就将越易于破碎成碎片,但是那些碎片就越可能将更大,并且经历需要医师“追逐”碎片的相当大的后退,并且因而花费更长时间。
于是,需要提供改善的且可靠的医疗装置构型。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,公开了一种医疗装置。该医疗装置包括护套、激光纤维、篮段和激光分束器。激光纤维被构造成从护套的端部延伸。篮段包括柔性构件。柔性构件的至少一部分位于护套和激光纤维之间。激光分束器耦接到激光纤维。
根据本发明的另一方面,公开了一种方法。提供了护套。激光纤维从护套的端部延伸。篮段可滑动地连接在护套和激光纤维之间。篮段包括柔性构件。柔性构件的至少一部分位于护套和激光纤维之间。激光分束器耦接到激光纤维。
附图说明
在以下描述中结合附图解释本发明的上述方面和其他特征,其中:
图1是并入本发明的特征的取出装置的部分剖视图;
图2是通过图1所示的取出装置的护套的剖视图;
图3是通过图1所示的取出装置的激光纤维的剖视图;
图4是并入本发明的特征的取出装置的另一实施方案;
图4A-图4D是图4中所示的取出装置的光束扩散器的另选实施方案;
图5是图4的激光纤维和光束扩散器之间的另选耦接实施方案;并且
图6是图1、图4中所示的取出装置的篮段的另选实施方案。
具体实施方式
参考图1,图1示出了并入本发明的特征的取出装置10的部分剖视图。虽然将参考附图所示的示例性实施方案描述本发明,但应当理解,本发明可以很多另选形式的实施方案来体现。此外,可使用任何合适的尺寸、形状或类型的元件或材料。
取出装置10包括篮段12、护套14和激光纤维16。篮段12包括被构造成从取出装置10的远侧端部延伸的多个柔性构件18。护套14和柔性构件18可相对于彼此纵向移动(参见箭头20),以使篮段相对于护套14在向前位置(以打开篮段12)和向后位置(以闭合篮段12)之间移动。根据各种示例性实施方案,用于移动篮段12的控制线可连接到柔性构件18的端部,然而在另选实施方案中,可提供用于移动篮段的任何合适的构型。图1示出了相对于护套14向前(在向前位置)移动使得篮段12打开且位于护套14的前端孔22之外的柔性构件18。在向后位置,篮段12位于护套14之内,使得篮段通过护套14塌缩(和闭合)成较小的形状以适配在护套14之内。
激光纤维16包括多个单独的芯纤维24,并且被构造成从取出装置10的远侧端部延伸。激光纤维16可相对于护套14(和柔性构件18)纵向移动(参见箭头26),使得激光纤维16可向前和向后滑动。图1示出了位于护套14的前端孔22之外的激光纤维。单独的芯纤维24在从孔22延伸的端部处磨损,并且可在激光纤维的相对端部处熔合。芯纤维的磨损端部28允许将激光束引导到多个方向。附加地,激光纤维16置于篮段12的柔性构件18之间的通道29内,其中激光纤维与护套14基本上同心,并且使得柔性构件18在激光纤维16和护套14之间(参见图2)。例如,在一些示例性实施方案中,激光纤维的直径可为约0.5mm,柔性构件中的每个的直径可为约0.104mm,并且护套的外径可为约1.9Fr-2.0Fr(其中护套包括约1.9Fr-2.0Fr的尺寸和形状的导管[即,类似于具有以法兰西标度计的尺寸1.9-2.0的导管或法国测量系统])。然而,在另选实施方案中,可提供任何合适尺寸的激光纤维、柔性构件或护套。
现在也参考图3,示出了激光纤维16的剖视图。单独的芯纤维24捆扎在激光纤维护套30内,并且通常包括芯部分32和包层部分34。根据各种示例性实施方案,芯部分32中的每个的直径可为约0.08mm-0.1mm。然而,在另选实施方案中,可提供任何合适尺寸的芯部分。
现在也参考图4,示出了取出装置的另一实施方案。在该实施方案中,取出装置100包括篮段112、护套114和激光纤维116,类似于图1中所示的取出装置10。然而,在该实施方案中,取出装置100包括激光束衍射分光器136。类似于取出装置10,篮段112包括被构造成从取出装置10的远侧端部延伸的多个柔性构件118。护套114和柔性构件118可相对于彼此纵向移动,以使篮段相对于护套114在向前位置(以打开篮段112)和向后位置(以闭合篮段112)之间移动。
图4示出了当取出装置100闭合(其中没有结石在取出装置100中)时具有激光分束器(或光束扩散器)136的组合的镍钛诺取出装置和激光纤维的一个实施方案。在该实施方案中,分束器/光束扩散器136具有矩形轮廓。当取出装置100打开或包含结石时,篮段118将水平延伸,使得分束器/光束扩散器136的端部与取出装置的远侧部分之间的空间(参见尺寸X)更大以捕获结石碎片。
在该实施方案中,激光纤维116包括在激光纤维护套130内的单个芯纤维124(例如,单个芯纤维124可具有约0.3mm的直径),并且被构造成从取出装置10的远侧端部延伸(然而,在另选实施方案中,激光纤维116可包括一束芯纤维)。激光纤维116置于篮段112的柔性构件118之间的通道129内,其中激光纤维与护套114基本上同心,并且使得柔性构件118在激光纤维116和护套114之间。激光纤维116能够相对于护套114(和柔性构件118)纵向移动,使得激光纤维116可向前和向后滑动。而且,根据一些实施方案,激光束衍射分光器136可具有约1.2mm的纵向尺寸和约1.5mm的垂直尺寸。然而,在另选实施方案中,可提供任何合适的尺寸。附加地,在该实施方案中,激光束衍射分光器136耦接到激光纤维116。
应当注意,虽然上面已经结合具有矩形轮廓的分束器/光束扩散器136描述了实施方案,但是本领域技术人员将了解,各种实施方案不必如此限制,并且在另选实施方案中,可提供其他合适的轮廓形状。例如,图4A示出了另一实施方案,其中分束器/光束扩散器236包括具有倒圆端部的锥形横截面。该构型可适应将捕获的不同形状的取出装置。图4B示出了另一实施方案,其中通过熔化激光纤维或将半球透镜联结到激光纤维124在激光纤维124的端部处产生倒圆凸起,形成光束扩散器336。与直纤维相比,球形形状提供在更大的表面积上扩展的激光。附加地,图4C和图4D示出了类似于光束扩散器336的光束扩散器436和光束扩散器536,然而在这些实施方案中,光束扩散器包括在激光纤维的端部处的锥形形状(参见图4C)或在激光纤维的端部处的倒圆/喇叭形状(参见图4D)。还有,在其他另选实施方案中,可在激光纤维124的端部处提供任何合适的形状。
如上面提及的,激光束衍射分光器136耦接到激光纤维116。应当注意,分束器/光束扩散器136可使用各种方法附接到激光纤维芯和/或包层,各种方法包括具有用于考虑之中的波长的光学透明度的粘合剂或玻璃熔焊或其他玻璃到玻璃粘合技术,其他玻璃到玻璃粘合技术使通过接头的光学最小透射损失最小化,以便使跨接头的热梯度最小化。在图4所示的实施方案中,激光束衍射分光器136通过熔焊138耦接到激光纤维116。
应当注意,虽然上面已经结合熔焊将激光纤维耦接到激光束衍射分光器描述了实施方案,但是本领域技术人员将了解,各种实施方案不必如此限制,并且在另选实施方案中,可提供将激光纤维耦接到激光束衍射分光器的其他合适方法。例如,图5示出了另选实施方案,其中金属化粘合剂240设置在激光纤维和激光束衍射分光器136之间。附加地,可在激光纤维和激光束衍射分光器136之间设置用于激光波长(约1940nm或约2100nm)的真空或其他低吸收介质。
示例性实施方案中的任一个或多个的技术效果通过提供具有用于激光纤维和激光束衍射分光器136的通道的结石取出装置,相对于传统构型提供显著优点。该构型支撑捕获的结石90(如图1所示),直到离开光纤的激光能量在捕获的结石90中制作洞,或者致使捕获的结石90碎成两片或更多片。由于结石由取出装置固定,所以应显著减弱或消除后退的风险。然而,如上面提及的,272μm或更小的激光纤维一般跨结石的表面移动以消融结石。在该构型中,由取出装置维持激光纤维和结石的相对位置。
激光束衍射分光器(或衍射分束透镜)136设置在激光纤维116的端部处(或在从取出装置突出的管的端部上),以解决以下可能后果:在捕获的结石90的中心制作仅稍微大于纤维的直径的单个洞。根据各种示例性实施方案,衍射分束器136从一个激光束产生离散激光束的n×n阵列。每个离散光束的角度可通过透镜的衍射特性及透镜是厚度来调节。在该实施例中,10×10阵列将把一个激光束分成100个单独的光束,每个光束将相同的空间功率密度递送到结石90。每个脉冲的持续时间将保持不变,但是100个光束中的每个光束的峰值功率将小于主光束、与其表面积成比例。因而,假设目标结石离透镜136足够远以产生等于主激光的100个斑点尺寸的激光,如果主光束递送例如每个脉冲4焦耳,则100个光束中的每个可递送每个脉冲0.04焦耳,每个脉冲具有相同的脉冲持续时间,但是较低的峰值功率水平。
有证据表明,高于大约0.025焦耳的能量足以消融人类结石,提供了示例性实施方案中的任一个或多个的附加技术效果。上面的分束方法显著增加了被作用的表面积,并且可减少在结石的表面上移动小激光纤维的需要。附加地,10×10阵列仅是一个实施例,可调谐阵列尺寸以适应由于在透镜表面和结石之间的介质中的吸收而造成的能量损失,但仍然递送足够的强度以致使消融。
示例性实施方案中的任一个或多个的另外的技术效果提供可更好地适应纤维回烧并提供改善的抗迁移碎石机的构型。
应当注意,篮段的各种示例性实施方案可包括类似于由库克医疗(Cook Medical)制备的或由波士顿科学(Boston Scientific)制备的DakotaTM的开口构型,或不能自始至终围绕结石延伸的其他取出装置设计(像勒除器)。例如,如图6所示,取出装置200类似于取出装置10、取出装置100(图1、图4中所示),并且类似地包括篮段212、护套214和激光纤维216。然而,图6示出了上面提及的开口构型,其中柔性构件218不能自始至终围绕结石90延伸,而是提供开口篮以与结石接合。也应当注意,虽然图6示出了如具有一束芯纤维的激光纤维216(如图1所示),但是另选实施方案可具有连接到激光束衍射分光器的单个芯纤维(如图4所示)。附加地,可提供任何其他合适的激光纤维构型。
下面提供对各种非限制性示例性实施方案的另外的描述。下面描述的示例性实施方案可结合一个或多个其他方面或示例性实施方案来实践。也就是说,本发明的示例性实施方案(诸如下面即将描述的那些)可以任何组合(例如,合适的、可用的和/或可行的任何组合)实施、实践或利用,并且不仅限于本文所述和/或包括在所附权利要求中的那些组合。
在一个示例性实施方案中,公开了一种医疗装置。医疗装置包括护套;激光纤维,激光纤维被构造成从护套的端部延伸;篮段,篮段包括柔性构件,其中柔性构件的至少一部分在护套和激光纤维之间;以及激光分束器,激光分束器耦接到激光纤维。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中激光纤维能够相对于护套纵向移动。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中激光纤维与护套基本上同心。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中柔性构件能够相对于护套移动。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中当柔性构件移动到向前位置时,篮段处于打开构型。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中当柔性构件移动到向后位置时,篮段处于塌缩构型。
如上所述的医疗装置,还包括在激光纤维和柔性构件之间的通道,并且其中激光纤维能够在通道内移动。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中激光分束器通过熔焊耦接到激光纤维。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中激光分束器通过粘合剂耦接到激光纤维。
如上所述的医疗装置,其中激光纤维和激光分束器能够相对于篮装置的柔性构件移动。
在另一示例性实施方案中,公开了一种方法。该方法包括提供护套;从护套的端部延伸激光纤维;将篮段可滑动地连接在护套和激光纤维之间,其中篮段包括柔性构件,并且其中柔性构件的至少一部分在护套和激光纤维之间;以及将激光分束器耦接到激光纤维。
如上所述的方法,其中激光纤维能够相对于护套纵向移动。
如上所述的方法,其中激光纤维与护套基本上同心。
如上所述的方法,其中柔性构件能够相对于护套移动。
如上所述的方法,其中当柔性构件移动到向前位置时,篮段处于打开构型。
如上所述的方法,其中当柔性构件移动到向后位置时,篮段处于塌缩构型。
如上所述的方法还包括在激光纤维和柔性构件之间的通道,并且其中激光纤维能够在通道内移动。
如上所述的方法,其中激光分束器通过熔焊耦接到激光纤维。
如上所述的方法,其中激光分束器通过粘合剂耦接到激光纤维。
如上所述的方法,其中激光纤维和激光分束器能够相对于篮装置的柔性构件移动。
应当理解,本发明的部件可操作地耦接或连接,并且可存在任何数量的介入元件或介入元件的组合(包括没有介入元件)。连接可为直接的或间接的,并且附加地,部件之间可仅存在功能关系。
应当理解,上述描述仅为本发明的说明。本领域的技术人员可在不背离本发明的情况下想出各种另选方案和修改。于是,本发明旨在包括落在所附权利要求的范围内的所有此类另选方案、修改和变型。

Claims (20)

1.一种医疗装置,包括:
护套;
激光纤维,所述激光纤维被构造成从所述护套的端部延伸;
篮段,所述篮段包括柔性构件,其中所述柔性构件的至少一部分位于所述护套和所述激光纤维之间;和
激光分束器,所述激光分束器耦接到所述激光纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述激光纤维能够相对于所述护套纵向移动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述激光纤维与所述护套基本上同心。
4.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述柔性构件能够相对于所述护套移动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的医疗装置,其中当所述柔性构件移动到向前位置时,所述篮段处于打开构型。
6.根据权利要求4所述的医疗装置,其中当所述柔性构件移动到向后位置时,所述篮段处于塌缩构型。
7.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,还包括在所述激光纤维和所述柔性构件之间的通道,并且其中所述激光纤维能够在所述通道内移动。
8.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述激光分束器通过熔焊耦接到所述激光纤维。
9.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述激光分束器通过粘合剂耦接到所述激光纤维。
10.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其中所述激光纤维和所述激光分束器能够相对于所述篮装置的所述柔性构件移动。
11.一种方法,包括:
提供护套;
从所述护套的端部延伸激光纤维;
将篮段可滑动地连接在所述护套和所述激光纤维之间,其中所述篮段包括柔性构件,并且其中所述柔性构件的至少一部分位于所述护套和所述激光纤维之间;以及
将激光分束器耦接到所述激光纤维。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述激光纤维能够相对于所述护套纵向移动。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述激光纤维与所述护套基本上同心。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述柔性构件能够相对于所述护套移动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中当所述柔性构件移动到向前位置时,所述篮段处于打开构型。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中当所述柔性构件移动到向后位置时,所述篮段处于塌缩构型。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括在所述激光纤维和所述柔性构件之间的通道,并且其中所述激光纤维能够在所述通道内移动。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述激光分束器通过熔焊耦接到所述激光纤维。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述激光分束器通过粘合剂耦接到所述激光纤维。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述激光纤维和所述激光分束器能够相对于所述篮装置的所述柔性构件移动。
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EP3476350B1 (en) 2020-11-04
JP7282140B2 (ja) 2023-05-26
EP3733104B1 (en) 2023-08-23
US11284940B2 (en) 2022-03-29
EP3476350A1 (en) 2019-05-01
US20190117309A1 (en) 2019-04-25
JP7102314B2 (ja) 2022-07-19
JP2019076702A (ja) 2019-05-23
EP3733104A1 (en) 2020-11-04
CN109692039B (zh) 2022-08-16
JP2022023130A (ja) 2022-02-07

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