CN109683239A - Vector vortex beams radiator and its application in photon integrated chip - Google Patents
Vector vortex beams radiator and its application in photon integrated chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN109683239A CN109683239A CN201910061406.3A CN201910061406A CN109683239A CN 109683239 A CN109683239 A CN 109683239A CN 201910061406 A CN201910061406 A CN 201910061406A CN 109683239 A CN109683239 A CN 109683239A
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- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000087 laser glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003969 polarography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12147—Coupler
Abstract
Vector vortex beams radiator and its application inside a kind of photon integrated chip, pass through femtosecond laser direct writing technology, femtosecond laser is focused on into glass surface or less, the disc waveguide radius of vector vortex light can be transmitted by scanning, it is allowed to reach with single mode waveguide position to match condition, the asymmetric coupler processed is for generating multistage vortex optical mode.The chip that the present invention is prepared, can generate single order and second order vortex light, transfer efficiency may be up to 74%.In addition, vortex trimmed book body high-dimensional and transmission, generate and manipulate in quantum state space integrally will be significantly increased, so that can potentially manipulate the super modes such as tangle by piece is substantially improved quantum calculation ability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technologies of optical field, and in particular to a kind of vector vortex beams radiator and its
The method for being generated inside the waveguide of photon integrated chip and transmitting vector vortex light.
Background technique
Light can carry spin and orbital angular momentum simultaneously.In recent years, with spatial variations and center, there are unusual for spin
The vector vortex beams of point cause the great interest of researchers.Vector vortex light provides for classical information and quantum information
Additional new freedom degree and new resources, in it unlimited dimension and field structure characteristic make it be used to increase classical information
Information capacity, higher-dimension quantum state generate, accurate measurement and the quantum communications of higher-dimension Hilbert space and quantum calculation.
Large-scale application due to vector vortex light in classical information and quantum information field needs to develop integrating device and equipment,
So that vector vortex light generates, transmission and manipulation processing are integrated, can be missed with this to avoid its connection in macroscopical optical path
The problems such as difference, insertion loss and interface noise, improve the stability, reliability, robustness of system.Currently, researcher
It is realized using micro-ring resonant cavity (Integrated compact optical vortex beam emitters) by vector whirlpool
Optically-active is from integrating device surface emissivity to free space, still, generation and manipulation of the vector vortex light inside integrated chip
There are also to be solved with processing.In addition, femtosecond laser processing can carry out material internal in the case where not attacking material surface
Selectively modification, manufactures the three-dimensional structure of arbitrary shape.
Summary of the invention
The present invention defect and deficiency according to prior art, and the characteristics of combine the high flexible of femtosecond laser processing, it mentions
A kind of vector vortex beams radiator and its application out, modulated femtosecond laser can transmit the disc waveguide of vortex light
And the processing of asymmetry coupler structure composed by single mode waveguide, matched by regulation disc waveguide size to regulate and control position
Condition realizes and efficiently generates single order and second order vortex light；Realize simultaneously vortex optical transport inside integrated chip, generate with
Manipulation, increases the freedom degree handled in integrated chip.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of asymmetric coupler to be swashed femtosecond by femtosecond laser direct writing technology
Light focuses on glass surface hereinafter, can transmit the disc waveguide radius of vector vortex light by scanning, is allowed to and single mode waveguide
Reach position to match condition, the asymmetric coupler processed can be used in generating multistage vortex optical mode.
The femtosecond laser direct write refers to: setting femto-second laser pulse center is located at 513nm, and the pulse duration is
290fs, repetition rate 1MHz, the lens for the use of numerical aperture being 0.7, direct write speed are 5mm/s.
The Multiple-Scan, comprising: single order disc waveguide direct write and second order disc waveguide direct write, in which: single mode waveguide
Direct write power is 154mw, and single order disc waveguide power is 136-144mw；Second order annular waveguide power is 142-150mw.
Under the glass surface, preferably below glass surface at 170 μm, which is borosilicate.
The disc waveguide Multiple-Scan, number are 12 times.
The single order disc waveguide radius is about 3.7 μm, and second order annular waveguide radius is about 5 μm.
The described position condition that matches that reaches with single mode waveguide refers to: the propagation constant of single mode waveguide and disc waveguide are propagated
Constant reaches equal.
Be dissymmetrical structure the present invention relates to the coupler that the above method is prepared, be averagely located at glass surface with
Lower 170 μm, comprising: disc waveguide and single mode waveguide, wherein single mode waveguide is ellipse.
The present invention relates to the applications of above-mentioned asymmetric coupler, are used for generating vector whirlpool inside photon integrated chip
Optically-active.
The present invention relates to a kind of chip for realizing above-mentioned application, the asymmetric coupler being prepared including the above method.
Technical effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention uses femtosecond laser direct writing technology, and manufacture can be high in rigid transparent material
Vortex light is efficient generated, chip of the present invention, which can be stablized, generates single order and second order vortex light, when direct write pulse energy is lower
When, generation is vector vortex light, and when direct write pulse energy is higher, generation is scalar vortex light, that is, is efficiently produced
Pure state, generation efficiency are up to 74%.This is not only perfect quantum optices chip technology, there is it and the vortex in macroscopical optics
The function of optical fiber, and micromation, integrability that vortex light generates and transmits and manipulate are realized, it is avoided in macroscopic view
The problems such as connection error, insertion loss and interface noise in optical path, improve the stability, reliability, robustness of system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is single order and second order vortex photogenerated schematic diagram in embodiment；
In Fig. 1: the wave surface of 1 Gauss light squeezed into, 2 single mode waveguides, 3 disc waveguides, 4 Second Order Vectors being emitted from waveguide
The wave surface of vortex light, 5 beam splitters, 6 are for the dry of the wave surface of the reference Gauss light of interference, 7 vortex light and the Gauss interference of light
Relate to pattern；
Fig. 2 is single order vector vortex photogenerated schematic diagram in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is single order vortex light in embodiment with the variation schematic diagram of direct write pulse energy；
In Fig. 3: (a) being the variation of generated single order vortex optical mode and transfer efficiency with direct write pulse energy, (b)
For to B typical in (a), D, F mode carries out polarographic analysis, (c) for generated second order vortex optical mode and transfer efficiency with
The variation of direct write pulse energy, (d) for R typical in (c), S, T mode carries out polarographic analysis；
Fig. 4 is the result schematic diagram of vortex beam array；
In Fig. 4: (a) being array type asymmetry directional coupler schematic diagram, (b) be strong caused by single order vortex beam array
Pattern and interference figure are spent, is (c) intensity pattern and interference figure caused by second order vortex beam array, (d) is from (b)
The middle single order vector vortex light for extracting output is along radial intensity distribution, and (e) second order for institute's extraction output from (c) is sweared
Vortex light is measured along radial intensity distribution.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the asymmetric coupler and its chip that are related to for the present embodiment, comprising: have single mode waveguide 2 and ring
Coupler composed by shape waveguide 3, in which: the wave surface 1 of the Gauss light squeezed by single mode waveguide 2 and disc waveguide 3 due to
Evanescent wave coupling, reach under certain conditions position match condition generate Second Order Vector vortex light wave surface 4 and be used for
The wave surface 6 of the reference Gauss light of interference enters beam splitter 5 together and obtains the interference pattern 7 of vortex light Yu the Gauss interference of light.
As shown in Fig. 2, being incident on the single mode waveguide of directional coupler for not like-polarized Gauss light, by evanescent wave coupling
Close the vector vortex light that neighbouring disc waveguide generates different spaces distribution.
The first row H is that the Gaussian beam of horizontal polarization is incident on the single mode waveguide of asymmetric coupler in figure, gained
The polarization obtained intensity distribution of Projection Analysis is done to the intensity distribution of vortex light and to it, last column refers to vector whirlpool
The spatial polarizations of optically-active are distributed as radial polarised.
Second row V is the intensity distribution of the incident obtained vortex light of Gaussian beam of vertical polarization and polarizes to it
The obtained intensity distribution of Projection Analysis, last arranges the spatial polarizations distribution character for referring to vector vortex light at this time.
The third line D is the strong of vortex light caused by diagonal polarized Gaussian beam coupled light to neighbouring disc waveguide
Degree is distributed and does to it polarization obtained intensity distribution of Projection Analysis, last arranges the sky for referring to vector vortex light at this time
Between polarization distribution characteristic.
Fourth line R is vortex light caused by the Gaussian beam coupled light to neighbouring disc waveguide of right hand circular polarization
Intensity distribution and the polarization obtained intensity distribution of Projection Analysis is done to it, last, which is arranged, refers to the space of vector vortex light
Polarization distribution characteristic；The coupled lens wherein used is 16 times, numerical aperture 0.25, focal length 11mm.
As shown in figure 3, being matched condition by mimotope, the disc waveguide radius for generating single order (second order) vortex light is estimated
For 3.5 μm (4.9 μm), it is contemplated that the complexity of femtosecond laser processing and two different waveguiding structures, in implementation we
Estimated value nearby scans annular waveguide radius, is desirably to obtain preferable pattern match, final to implement to obtain single order (second order) waveguide
Radius is respectively 3.7 μm (5.0 μm).Implement discovery, when direct write pulse energy is smaller, generation is vector vortex light；Fig. 3
(b) it is clearly demonstrated that in when direct write pulse energy is smaller, generation is vector vortex light；When direct write pulse energy is larger, produce
Raw is scalar vortex light, i.e. pure state, and transfer efficiency is up to 74%；Single order and second order vortex light have one preferably simultaneously
Power fill out area, fill out herein in area generate single order and second mode preferably (referring to Fig. 3 (a) and (c)).
As shown in figure 4, the present embodiment is related to a kind of method for generating vortex beam array, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) fills out in area in power and obtains multiple vortex beam arrays by femtosecond laser processing direct write.
Step 2) is generated clockwise by vortex beams to generation and Gaussian beam interference (referring to fig. 4 (b) and (c))
With anticlockwise spiral interference fringe, the order of the vector vortex light of generation is verified, while to the vector vortex light of generation
Radially intensive analysis is found beam, they all have preferable circular symmetry ((d) and (e) referring to fig. 4).
Asymmetric directional coupler array can generate vortex beams array in Fig. 4, be distributed to this vortex beam intensity
It radially analyzes, it is found that its hot spot symmetry is preferable, quantum information processing can be used for.
Compared with prior art, the not only perfect quantum optices chip technology of the present invention, make its have in macroscopical optics
Vortex optical fiber function, and realize vortex light generate, transmission and manipulation micromation, integrability, avoid it
The problems such as connection error, insertion loss and interface noise in macroscopical optical path, improve the stability, reliability, Shandong of system
Stick.Most of all, the freedom degree handled on photon integrated chip is increased, the height that will be significantly increased on photon integrated chip
Dimension quantum state space, so that can potentially manipulate the super modes such as tangle by piece is substantially improved quantum calculation ability.
Above-mentioned specific implementation can by those skilled in the art under the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and objective with difference
Mode carry out local directed complete set to it, protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims and not by above-mentioned specific implementation institute
Limit, each implementation within its scope is by the constraint of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of asymmetry coupler, which is characterized in that by femtosecond laser direct writing technology, i.e., by femtosecond laser
Glass surface is focused on hereinafter, the disc waveguide radius of vector vortex light can be transmitted by scanning, is allowed to reach with single mode waveguide
Match condition in place, and the asymmetric coupler processed is for generating multistage vortex optical mode.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the femtosecond laser direct write refers to: setting femtosecond laser arteries and veins
It rushes center and is located at 513nm, pulse duration 290fs, repetition rate 1MHz, the lens for the use of numerical aperture being 0.7, directly
Writing rate is 5mm/s.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Multiple-Scan, comprising: single order disc waveguide direct write and
Second order disc waveguide direct write, in which: single mode waveguide direct write power is 154mw, and single order disc waveguide power is 136-144mw；Two
Rank disc waveguide power is 142-150mw.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the position condition that matches that reaches with single mode waveguide refers to:
The propagation constant and disc waveguide propagation constant of single mode waveguide reach equal.
5. a kind of asymmetry coupler, which is characterized in that be prepared, wrapped according to method described in any of the above-described claim
Include: disc waveguide and single mode waveguide, wherein single mode waveguide is ellipse.
6. asymmetry coupler according to claim 5, characterized in that the waveguide is averagely located at glass surface or less
170 μm, which is borosilicate.
7. the application of asymmetric coupler according to claim 5, which is characterized in that be used in photon integrated chip
Portion generates vector vortex light.
8. application according to claim 7, characterized in that the vector vortex light, including vortex beams array；Pass through
Femtosecond laser processing direct write obtains multiple waveguide arrays and is combined to produce multiple independent vortex beams, when the vortex beams and height
When this beam interference, generate clockwise with anticlockwise spiral interference fringe.
9. a kind of chip for realizing the application of claim 7 or 8, which is characterized in that including described in any of the above-described claim
Asymmetric coupler.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910061406.3A CN109683239B (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Vector vortex beam radiator in photon integrated chip and application thereof |
| PCT/CN2019/119723 WO2020151352A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-11-20 | Vector vortex beam radiator in photonic integrated chip and application thereof |
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| CN201910061406.3A CN109683239B (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Vector vortex beam radiator in photon integrated chip and application thereof |
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| CN109683239A true CN109683239A (en) | 2019-04-26 |
| CN109683239B CN109683239B (en) | 2023-09-12 |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110635021A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-31 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Femtosecond laser direct-writing waveguide coupling superconducting nanowire single photon detector |
| WO2020151352A1 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-30 | 上海交通大学 | Vector vortex beam radiator in photonic integrated chip and application thereof |
| CN113448136A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-28 | 中山大学 | Integrated optical phased array based on vortex rotation |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2020151352A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
| CN109683239B (en) | 2023-09-12 |
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