CN109679263A - 一种高强的阻燃气泡膜 - Google Patents
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109679263A CN109679263A CN201811515351.0A CN201811515351A CN109679263A CN 109679263 A CN109679263 A CN 109679263A CN 201811515351 A CN201811515351 A CN 201811515351A CN 109679263 A CN109679263 A CN 109679263A
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical group O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及防压防震的包装材料,公开了一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,解决了阻燃气泡膜强度受到阻燃剂添加的影响和限制,其技术方案要点是一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,包括相贴合固定的底层膜和吸塑膜,吸塑膜分布有多个吸塑形成气泡,底层膜和吸塑膜由改性PE制得,改性PE包含以下质量份数的原料制得:LDPE 23‑28份,LLDPE 47‑55份,HDPE 22‑26份,开口剂1‑3份,结合剂3‑6份,阻燃剂5‑7份;结合剂为山梨酸、2,4‑戊二烯酸中的一种或两种化合物;阻燃剂为DOPO,提高气泡膜阻燃性能的同时,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜强度的降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防压防震的包装材料,特别涉及一种高强的阻燃气泡膜。
背景技术
气泡膜又称气垫膜、气珠膜,是用于包装填充的一种防压防震的包装材料。现有气泡膜产品以高压聚乙烯为主要原料,再添加增白剂、开口剂等辅料,经高温熔融挤出形成聚乙烯膜,再由两层贴附的聚乙烯膜吸塑形成气泡得到。由于聚乙烯本身耐高温较差,纯的聚乙烯不具备阻燃性能,故若需一种阻燃的气泡膜,就需要对在现有原料中加入阻燃剂以提高气泡膜的阻燃性能。
现有的阻燃剂包括有无机阻燃剂和有机阻燃剂,而无机阻燃剂主要包括三氧化二锑、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝,硅系等阻燃体系,此类无机阻燃剂添加量需求大,且于聚乙烯相容性差和表面结合力弱,使高温熔融挤出形成聚乙烯膜的抗拉伸性能和韧性降低,影响吸塑工作并降低了气泡膜产品的强度。
而有机阻燃剂多为卤代烃、有机溴化物、有机氯化物、磷酸酯、卤代磷酸酯、氮系阻燃剂和氮磷膨胀型阻燃剂等。有机阻燃剂与聚乙烯混合时相容性较好,添加量较无机阻燃剂少,但存在易析出或易溶出的问题,且针对与厚度薄、比表面积大的气泡膜而言,析出或溶出情况更为明显,气泡膜因阻燃剂析出或溶出而脆化,抗拉伸性能和韧性降低。故而现有阻燃气泡膜强度受到阻燃剂添加的影响和限制,有待改进。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,提高气泡膜阻燃性能的同时,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜强度的降低。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,包括相贴合固定的底层膜和吸塑膜,所述吸塑膜分布有多个吸塑形成气泡,所述底层膜和吸塑膜由改性PE制得,所述改性PE包含以下质量份数的原料制得:
LDPE 23-28份,
LLDPE 47-55份,
HDPE 22-26份,
开口剂1-3份,
结合剂3-6份,
阻燃剂5-7份;
所述结合剂为山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸中的一种或两种化合物;
所述阻燃剂为DOPO。
通过采用上述技术方案,LDPE为低密度聚乙烯,LLDPE为线性低密度聚乙烯,HDPE为高密度聚乙烯,三者混合可改善成形底层膜和吸塑膜表面的光滑度以及透明度;
开口剂添加可便于底层膜与吸塑膜之间分离;
结合剂为山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸均为二烯酸,在原料混合后高温熔融时,可接枝入聚乙烯聚合链中,提高改性PE的塑性和韧性;
同时山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸中羧基与其中一碳碳双键相邻,碳碳双键与羧基形成共轭,使该与羧基相邻的碳碳双键亲核加成受到促进,亲电加成受到抑制,故而接枝时山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸中远离羧基的碳碳双键加成选择性高;
阻燃剂为DOPO,DOPO具有磷杂坏结构,P具有对孤对电子,易发生亲核加成,其与山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸中与羧基相邻的碳碳双键发生加成反应,进而DOPO通过结合剂与聚乙烯聚合链连接,提高DOPO在改性PE材料中的相容性,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜强度的降低。
本发明进一步设置为:所述结合剂为山梨酸。
通过采用上述技术方案,山梨酸中两碳碳双键共轭,使山梨酸中远离羧基的碳碳双键更易发生亲电加成,与羧基相邻的碳碳双键更易发生亲核加成,提高了山梨酸的接枝率以及DOPO与山梨酸亲核加成的转化率,提高阻燃气泡膜强度。
本发明进一步设置为:所述开口剂为油酸酰胺。
通过采用上述技术方案,此处开口剂选用油酸酰胺,较无机类口剂类而言避免由于对薄膜中分散不均对底层膜和吸塑膜强度的降低,同时油酸酰胺中氨基与结合剂中的羧基之间可产生氢键,减缓油酸酰胺析出,保证底层膜和吸塑膜表面爽滑,以及减缓油酸酰胺析出对底层膜和吸塑膜强度降低。
本发明进一步设置为:所述底层膜和吸塑膜由包含以下质量份数的原料制得:
LDPE 25份,
LLDPE 50份,
HDPE 25份,
开口剂2份,
结合剂3份,
阻燃剂6份。
通过采用上述技术方案,避免阻燃气泡膜强度受到阻燃剂添加的负面影响和限制的同时,阻燃气泡膜强度得到改善。
本发明进一步设置为:所述LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂和阻燃剂混合熔融预制成原料母粒后使用,所述原料母粒生产过程中塑化温度为180-200℃。
通过采用上述技术方案,LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂和阻燃剂混合熔融预制成原料母粒后使用,使得聚乙烯、结合剂和阻燃剂预先结合,提高聚乙烯、结合剂和阻燃剂混合程度以及阻燃剂与聚乙烯的结合程度。
本发明进一步设置为:所述底层膜和吸塑膜由包含以下质量份数的原料还包括汽提液3-4份,所述LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂、阻燃剂和汽提液由双螺杆挤出机混合熔融挤出预制成原料母粒后使用,所述汽提液为乙醇或水。
通过采用上述技术方案,现有双螺杆挤出机中物料挤出过程中将加料段、熔融段、熔体输送段、混合段、对空排气段、均化段、真空排气段和计量段;
加料段中物料受螺杆挤压输送并提高物料对螺槽的充满度;
熔融段中物料在机筒加热器传给机筒的热量和捏合盘对物料的挤压、剪切所产生的热量作用下,开始熔融,在通过该段后,基本变为熔体;熔体输送段,由熔融段输送过来的残留固相最后熔融变为熔体;
混合段中可能在熔体输送段加入的物料和熔体一起进行混合;
对空排气段由大导程的正向输送螺纹元件组成,混合物对螺槽的充满度低(小于1),上游物料熔融、混合时产生的气体和侧加料器加入物料时带入的气体在大气压下排到空气中去;
均化段中物料在捏合块剪切作用下对混合物各组分进行均化(主要是分布混合,但对仍未分散的组分亦继续进行分散混合),使各组分混合均匀;
真空排气段中对残留在物料中的气体,进一步强制排气;计量段中螺杆的导程变小,熔体对螺槽的充满度变大(等于1),建立起压力,以便最后将已混合的物料由口模挤出造粒;
汽提液加入后在对空排气段和真空排气段排出,在汽提液排出的同时连携熔融过程中聚合物分解产生的小分子形成共沸物一体挥发排出,减少原料母粒和成品阻燃气泡膜内的相容的小分子,减少VOC挥发以及成品阻燃气泡膜强度降低。
本发明进一步设置为:所述汽提液为乙醇。
通过采用上述技术方案,乙醇作为汽提剂,与聚合物相容性较好,连携小分子挥发效果好,同时DOPO、山梨酸、戊二烯酸均为固态,且在乙醇中溶解,乙醇可辅助DOPO、山梨酸、戊二烯酸与聚合物混合,并给予DOPO与山梨酸或戊二烯酸加成提供液相环境,促进DOPO与山梨酸或戊二烯酸加成,进一步提高阻燃剂与改性PE的相容性接和结合力,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜的强度降低。
本发明进一步设置为:所述汽提液由双螺杆挤出机的熔融输送段加入。
通过采用上述技术方案,减少汽提剂提前挥发,以及减缓汽提剂对原料中LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE的溶胀,避免阻燃气泡膜强度降低。
本发明进一步设置为:所述双螺杆挤出机的真空排气段真空度为0.12-0.2MPa。
通过采用上述技术方案,真空排气段真空度为0.12-0.2MPa,促进汽提剂从熔体内脱出,避免汽提剂残留而降低阻燃气泡膜强度。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.结合剂为山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸均为二烯酸,在原料混合后高温熔融时,可接枝入聚乙烯聚合链中,提高改性PE的塑性和韧性;阻燃剂为DOPO,DOPO通过结合剂与聚乙烯聚合链连接,提高DOPO在改性PE材料中的相容性,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜强度的降低;
2.结合剂优选为山梨酸,山梨酸中两碳碳双键共轭,提高了山梨酸的接枝率以及DOPO与山梨酸亲核加成的转化率,提高阻燃气泡膜强度;
3.开口剂选用油酸酰胺,较无机类口剂类而言避免由于对薄膜中分散不均对底层膜和吸塑膜强度的降低,同时油酸酰胺中氨基与结合剂中的羧基之间可产生氢键,减缓油酸酰胺析出,保证底层膜和吸塑膜表面爽滑,以及减缓油酸酰胺析出对底层膜和吸塑膜强度降低;
4.LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂、阻燃剂和汽提液由双螺杆挤出机混合熔融挤出预制成原料母粒后使用,汽提液在双螺杆挤出机中排出的同时连携熔融过程中聚合物分解产生的小分子形成共沸物一体挥发排出,减少原料母粒和成品阻燃气泡膜VOC挥发以及成品阻燃气泡膜强度降低;
5.汽提液优选为乙醇,辅助DOPO、山梨酸、戊二烯酸与聚合物混合,并给予DOPO与山梨酸或戊二烯酸加成提供液相环境,促进DOPO与山梨酸或戊二烯酸加成,进一步提高阻燃剂与改性PE的相容性接和结合力,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜的强度降低。
附图说明
图1为阻燃气泡膜的结构示意图。
附图标记:1、底层膜;2、吸塑膜;21、气泡。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一,
如附图1所示,一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,包括相贴合固定的底层膜1和吸塑膜2。吸塑膜2分布有多个吸塑形成圆柱形的气泡21,实际生产下的气泡21形状和分布规律可根据实际情况而定,其非本发明的发明点,故在此不再做进一步阐述。
底层膜1和吸塑膜2由改性PE制得。改性PE包含以下质量份数的原料制得:
LDPE 23-28份,
LLDPE 47-55份,
HDPE 22-26份,
开口剂1-3份,
结合剂3-6份,
阻燃剂5-7份,
汽提液3-4份;
结合剂为山梨酸,阻燃剂为DOPO。
LDPE为低密度聚乙烯,选用中海壳牌牌号242OK产品、沙特SABIC牌号LD160AT产品。
LLDPE为线性低密度聚乙烯,选用埃克森美孚牌号LL6101、1L6101RQ产品。
HDPE为高密度聚乙烯,选用埃克森美孚牌号HMA-016、HMA-018产品。
开口剂为油酸酰胺,油酸酰胺为市售产品。结合剂为山梨酸,山梨酸为市售产品。阻燃剂为DOPO,DOPO为市售产品。汽提剂为无水乙醇,为市售产品。
阻燃气泡膜的生产工艺包括如下步骤,
S1:按质量份数称取LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、开口剂、结合剂、阻燃剂和汽提液;
S2:将S1中称取的LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂和阻燃剂加入高混机中混合50-60min,混合均匀得到混合原料A;
S3:将混合原料A加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融,同时在熔融输送段用熔融计量泵按比例加入S1中称取的汽提液,双螺杆挤出机挤出冷却后得到原料母粒,双螺杆挤出机熔融段塑化温度为190℃,双螺杆挤出机的真空排气段真空度为0.16MPa;
S4:将S3中得到的原料母粒与S1中称取的开口剂混合均匀后,用PE料挤塑用通用型挤出机熔融得到改性PE处理,并挤出成型二层膜片,即底层膜1和吸塑膜2,再通过吸塑成型气泡21,并由牵引导辊复合、收卷,得到产品阻燃气泡膜。
根据上述生产工艺,进行阻燃气泡膜的生产工艺,获得实施例1A-1F,原料用量参数如下。
对实施例1A-1F所得的阻燃气泡膜进行测试,测试结果如下。
同时设置对比例一至对比例五。
对比例一,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于结合剂为反式-2-己烯酸,原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对比例二,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于结合剂为1,4-己二烯,原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对比例三,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于结合剂用量为零,原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对比例四,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于阻燃剂为氢氧化镁,原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对比例五,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于阻燃剂为氯化石蜡,原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对比例六,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于阻燃剂用量为零,其与原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对对比例一至对比例五所得的阻燃气泡膜进行测试,测试结果如下。
对比实施例一和对比例一至对比例六可知,山梨酸在原料混合后高温熔融时,可接枝入聚乙烯聚合链中,提高改性PE的塑性和韧性;阻燃剂为DOPO,DOPO通过结合剂与聚乙烯聚合链连接,提高DOPO在改性PE材料中的相容性,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜强度的下降,并还对阻燃气泡膜的强度进行改善。
实施例二,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例一的基础上,其区别之处在于结合剂为2,4-戊二烯酸,或者为山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸的混合物,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
获得实施例2A-2F,原料用量参数如下。
对实施例2A-2F所得的阻燃气泡膜进行测试,测试结果如下。
对比实施例二和实施例一可知,结合剂优选为山梨酸,山梨酸中两碳碳双键共轭,提高了山梨酸的接枝率以及DOPO与山梨酸亲核加成的转化率,提高阻燃气泡膜强度。
实施例三,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于开口剂为滑石粉,原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对比例七,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于以油酸甲酯替代油酸酰胺,油酸甲酯用量与油酸酰胺相等,其他原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
实施例四,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于汽提液为水,原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
实施例五,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于汽提液用量为零,其余原料用量参数与实施例1B相同,且根据实施例一中阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
实施例六,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于对阻燃气泡膜生产工艺中汽提液添加步骤进行改动。改动后阻燃气泡膜生产工艺如下,
S1:按质量份数称取LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、开口剂、结合剂、阻燃剂和汽提液;
S2:S1中称取的汽提液与S1中称取的LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂和阻燃剂一同加入高混机中混合50-60min,混合均匀得到混合原料B;
S3:将混合原料B加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融,同时在熔融输送段用熔融计量泵按比例加入S1中称取的汽提液,双螺杆挤出机挤出冷却后得到原料母粒,双螺杆挤出机熔融段塑化温度为190℃,双螺杆挤出机的真空排气段真空度为0.16MPa;
S4:将S3中得到的原料母粒与S1中称取的开口剂混合均匀后,用PE料挤塑用通用型挤出机挤出成型二层膜片,即底层膜1和吸塑膜2,再通过吸塑成型气泡21,并由牵引导辊复合、收卷,得到产品阻燃气泡膜。
实施例七,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例六的基础上,其区别之处在于汽提液为水,其余原料用量与实施例六相同,且根据实施例六中改动后阻燃气泡膜生产工艺生产阻燃气泡膜。
对实施例三至实施例七和对比例六所得的阻燃气泡膜进行测试,测试结果如下。
对比实施例三、对比例七和实施例一可知,开口剂选用油酸酰胺,较无机类口剂类而言避免由于对薄膜中分散不均对底层膜1和吸塑膜2强度的降低,同时油酸酰胺中氨基与结合剂中的羧基之间可产生氢键,减缓油酸酰胺析出,保证底层膜1和吸塑膜2表面爽滑,以及减缓油酸酰胺析出对底层膜1和吸塑膜2强度降低。
对比实施例四、实施例五和实施例一可知,汽提液还可选水,但其中汽提液优选为乙醇。汽提液辅助DOPO、山梨酸、戊二烯酸与聚合物混合,并给予DOPO与山梨酸或戊二烯酸加成提供液相环境,促进DOPO与山梨酸或戊二烯酸加成,进一步提高阻燃剂与改性PE的相容性接和结合力,减少阻燃剂对阻燃气泡膜的强度降低。
对比实施例六、实施例七和实施例一可知,汽提液由双螺杆挤出机的熔融输送段加入,减少汽提剂提前挥发,以及减缓汽提剂对原料中LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE的溶胀,避免阻燃气泡膜强度降低。,避免阻燃气泡膜强度降低。
实施例八,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于对阻燃气泡膜生产工艺中双螺杆挤出机熔融段塑化温度进行调整,其余原料用量与实施例六相同,得到实施例8A-8F。
对实施例8A-8F所得的阻燃气泡膜进行测试,测试结果如下。
实施例九,
一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,基于实施例1B的基础上,其区别之处在于对阻燃气泡膜生产工艺中双螺杆挤出机的真空排气段真空度进行调整,其余原料用量与实施例六相同,得到实施例9A-9F。
对实施例9A-9F所得的阻燃气泡膜进行测试,测试结果如下。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (9)
1.一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,包括相贴合固定的底层膜(1)和吸塑膜(2),所述吸塑膜(2)分布有多个吸塑形成气泡(21),所述底层膜(1)和吸塑膜(2)由改性PE制得,所述改性PE包含以下质量份数的原料制得:
LDPE 23-28份,
LLDPE 47-55份,
HDPE 22-26份,
开口剂1-3份,
结合剂3-6份,
阻燃剂5-7份;
所述结合剂为山梨酸、2,4-戊二烯酸中的一种或两种化合物;
所述阻燃剂为DOPO。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述结合剂为山梨酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述开口剂为油酸酰胺。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述底层膜(1)和吸塑膜(2)由包含以下质量份数的原料制得:
LDPE 25份,
LLDPE 50份,
HDPE 25份,
开口剂2份,
结合剂3份,
阻燃剂6份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂和阻燃剂混合熔融预制成原料母粒后使用,所述原料母粒生产过程中塑化温度为180-200℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述底层膜(1)和吸塑膜(2)由包含以下质量份数的原料还包括汽提液3-4份,所述LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、结合剂、阻燃剂和汽提液由双螺杆挤出机混合熔融挤出预制成原料母粒后使用,所述汽提液为乙醇或水。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述汽提液为乙醇。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述汽提液由双螺杆挤出机的熔融输送段加入。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种高强的阻燃气泡膜,其特征在于,所述双螺杆挤出机的真空排气段真空度为0.12-0.2MPa。
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