CN1096515A - 新型肽 - Google Patents
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Abstract
式I的化合物,它们的制备方法,药剂及它们的
用途。
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R11意义详见
说明书。
Description
本发明涉及一类新型类鸦片肽类似物,它们是δ类鸦片受体拮抗剂,并涉及它们的合成及作为止痛化合物和免疫抑制化合物的用途。
Naltrindole作为一种已知的非肽类δ类鸦片拮抗剂,由P.S.Portoghese等在J.Med.Chem.31,281-282(1988)中述及。Naltrindole与本发明的化合物相比,有相似的δ-拮抗力,但δ选择性低得多。此外,Naltrindole在受体结合测定中表现很高的μ类鸦片受体亲和力(Kiμ=12nM),在豚鼠回肠(GPI)测定中表现很强的拮抗性质(Ke=29nM),参见P.S.Portoghese,J.Med.Chem.34,1757-1762(1991)。
另一种已知的δ-拮抗剂是脑菲肽类似物N,N-二烯丙基-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu-OH(ICI174864),由R.Cotton等在Eur.J.Pharmacol.97,331-332(1984)中述及。与本专利申请所述的δ拮抗剂相比,ICI 174864具有低得多的δ-选择性(低10-300倍),在MVD测定中具有低得多的拮抗力(低40-100倍)。
四肽,作为一种有效的δ拮抗剂,最近由P.W.Schiller等人在FASEB J.6(NO.4),A 1575(1992),在国际尼古丁研究会议(INRC)(keystone,CO,6月24-29日(1992))及第二届日本多肽化学研讨会(shizuoka,日本,11月9-13日(1992))上公开。
现在已意外地发现如下式Ⅰ所示化合物具有
-对δ受体的卓越选择性
-较高的δ拮抗力
-完全无μ拮抗性质
-在某些情况下,混合的μ激动/δ拮抗性质(C-端具有羧基酰胺基的TIPP类似物)
本发明的化合物具有结构式Ⅰ
其中
R3、R4、R5、R6全部是H或
R4和R5都是H,R3和R6都是低级烷基或
R3、R5、R6全部是H,R4是F、Cl、Br、OH、NH2或NO2;
R7是C=O或CH2;
R8是H或低级烷基;
R9是
其中m为0-2,或
R10是H、F、Cl、Br或I,且m是0-2;
R11是OH、NH2或
其中R12是H、NO2、F、Cl、Br或I,m是0-2,
R13是COOH、CONH2、CH2OH或任何其它氨基酸或肽片断,或
R11是
其中
R14是COOH、CONH2、CH2OH或任何其它氨基酸或肽片断;但是下列化合物除外:其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R8全部是H,R7是C=O,
R9是
且R11是Phe-OH、Phe-NH2、OH或NH2。
本说明书中低级烷基含1-6个碳原子。
本发明中特别优选的化合物是下述化合物,其中R7为CH2(作为还原肽键的部分)。一个还原肽键使化合物具有较高的δ拮抗力,增加其δ-选择性,使其在有机溶剂中具有较好的稳定性及对于酶
降解的抵抗作用。
本发明中进一步优选的化合物是下述化合物,其中R4和R5为H,R3和R6为甲基。
肽合成中应用的许多Boc-氨基酸衍生物可购得。2,6-二甲基-酪氨酸(Dmt)可用J.H Dygos等在Synthesis,8(8月),741-743(1992)中所述方法制备,2-氨基四氢化萘2-羧酸可用P.W.Schiller等在J.Med.Chem.34,3125-3132(1991)中所述方法制备。
所有的肽均由固相技术制备,C端具有游离羧基的肽的固相合成用普通的聚苯乙烯/二乙烯苯树脂,而肽酰氨的合成用对-甲基二苯甲基胺树脂。所有肽的制备中氨基采用Boc保护。合成按照广泛应用于发明人所在实验室(P.W.Schiller等;Biochemistry 16,1831-1832(1977))的做法进行。偶联反应在惰性溶剂CH2Cl2或DMF中进行,用二环己基碳化二亚胺/1-羧基苯并三唑(DCC/HOBt)做为偶联剂。每步偶联反应后用茚三酮颜色试验仔细检查偶联反应的完全性。充分连接好的肽链从树脂上断下,并在0℃、在作为净化剂的茴香醚存在下用液态HF处理完全脱保护(60-90分钟)。
含有CH2NH2肽键电子等排物的类似物用Sasaki和Coy(Y.Sasaki及D.H.Coy,Peptides 8,119-121(1987))设计的固相合成法制备。利用此方法,CH2NH肽键可由还原烷基化反应直接引入,此反应在Boc-氨基酸醛和树脂一结合肽上的氨基之间应用氰基硼氢化钠在酸性DMF中进行。这种方法没有明显的外消旋作用。Boc-Tic醛由相应的Boc-Tic N-甲氧基-N-甲酰胺通过已报导的非消旋化LiAlH4还原方法合成(J.A Fehrentz及B.Castro,Synthesis,676-678(1983))含有还原肽键的肽从树脂上断下并以上述方式用HF/茴香醚处理脱保护。
用固相肽合成法得到的粗产品需通过各种色谱技术或其它方法进一步纯化。HF断键及树脂萃取后,按常规在Sephadex(交联葡聚糖凝胶)(G-15或G-25)上进行硅胶过滤。随后的各种纯化步骤包括在Sephadex G-25上的分配色谱(应用各种丁醇-乙酸-吡啶-水二相系统),离子交换色谱(DEAE-Sephadex,SP-Sephadex和CM-纤维素),用1%三氟乙酸中的甲醇线性梯度洗脱(低压)的十八硅烷基-硅胶柱反相色谱。如果需要,最后用半制备HPLC进行纯化使之呈均一性。根据分离的对象,半制备μ-Bondapak C-18柱(Waters;0.7×25cm)每次可纯化2-20mg肽物质,在此采用这种柱子。应用几种高灵敏度、高效的分析方法可表明所制备肽的均一性及确证其结构。纯度的确定利用至少二个溶剂系统的薄层色谱。另外,在实验室按常规应用二或三个不同溶剂系统的分析HPLC作为高灵敏度的纯度检验方法。肽结构的确证主要根据氨基酸分析及快原子轰击一质谱(FAB-MS)。在氨基酸分析中,肽于脱气管内在含有少量苯酚的6N HCl中,在110℃水解24小时(考虑到氨基酸的降解,有时水解也持续12及48小时)。水解产物的分析在装配有系统AA积分仪的Beckman Model 121C氨基酸分析仪上进行。应用FAB质谱确定肽正确的分子量。
具体类似物的实施例
实施例1
H-Tyr-Tic-Hfe-Phe-OH
Boc-Phe-O-树脂(1g,0.61mmol Boc-Phe/g树脂,Peninsula,Belmont,CA)按如下顺序用试剂洗涤:CH2Cl2(3×1分钟),50%(V/V)TFA的CH2Cl2溶液(30分钟),CH2Cl2(5×1分钟),10%(V/V)DIEA的CH2Cl2溶液(2×5分钟),CH2Cl2(5×1分钟)。然后用HOBt(205mg,1.52mmol)和DCC(313mg,1.52mmol)在CH2Cl2/DMF(3∶1V/V)中使Boc-Hfe-OH(425mg,1.52mmol)偶联反应17小时。然后用CH2Cl2(3×1分钟),EtOH(1分钟),CH2Cl2(3×1分钟)洗涤树脂。这个洗涤及反应的顺序可重复应用于经以下改性的每个残基的加成。
Boc-Tic-OH偶联后,用CH2Cl2/DMF(3∶1,V/V)(3X)洗涤树脂,并用等量的Boc-Tic-OH,HOBt及DCC在CH2Cl2/DMF(3∶1,V/V)中再进行17小时的偶联反应。同样的再偶联步骤也用于偶联Boc-Tyr(Boc)-OH。最后用50%(V/V)TFA的CH2Cl2溶液(30分钟)脱保护后,树脂用CH2Cl2(3×1分钟)和EtOH(3×1分钟)洗涤并在干燥器中干燥。干燥树脂先用20ml HF加1ml茴香醚在0℃处理90分钟然后室温处理15分钟。蒸除HF后,树脂用Et2O萃取三次后用7%AcOH萃取三次。混合的乙酸萃取液经冷冻干燥后得到固体状肽粗品。
肽的纯化先用0.5N AcOH在Sephadex G-25柱上进行硅胶过滤,然后用0-80%线性梯度的MeOH的1%TFA溶液在十八硅烷基硅胶柱上进行反相色谱处理。蒸除溶剂后,纯的肽溶解于浓AcOH中经冷冻干燥得到固体状纯品。
产量:45mg
FAB-MS:MH+=648
TLC(硅胶)Rf0.75 n-BuOH/AcOH/H2O(4/1/5,有机相)
Rf0.70 n-BuOH/吡啶/AcOH/H2O(15/10/3/12)
氨基酸分析:Tyr 0.96,Hfe 1.03,Phe 1.00
实施例2
H-Tyr-Ticψ[CH2-NH]Phe-Phe-OH
此肽的合成与实施例1的情况相同,用同样的树脂,但Tic2和Phe3残基间还原肽键的引入需要在Boc.-Tic醛及树脂结合的H-Phe-Phe二肽的氨基之间进行还原烷基化反应。
由N-叔丁氧羰基-L-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-N-甲氧基,N-甲酰胺制备N-叔丁氧羰基-L-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-醛(Boc-Tic醛)
在搅拌的Boc-Tic-OH(2.8g,10mmol)和三乙胺(1.33ml,10mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液中加入BOP(苯并三唑-1-基-氧三(二甲基氨基)六氟合磷氢酸鏻(3.48g,10mmol)。五分钟后,向溶液中加入N-二甲基盐酸羟胺(1.2g,12mmol)和三乙胺(1.68ml,12mmol)。反应进行17小时。然后用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物并用3N HCl、NaHCO3饱和水溶液及NaCl饱和水溶液洗涤。有机溶液用MgSO4干燥后,蒸除溶剂。所得粗品N-叔丁氧羰基-L-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-N-甲氧基,N-甲酰胺用EtOAc/己烷(1∶2,V/V)在硅胶上进行色谱纯化。
产量:2.1g(65%),油状物
TLC(硅胶)Rf 0.57 EtOAc/己烷(1/1)
Rf 0.30 EtOAc/己烷(1/2)
NMR(CDCl3)δ1.45(9H,叔丁基),300(2H,H-4),3.18(3H,NCH3),3.8(3H,OCH3),4.42-4.90(3H,2H-1和1H-3),7.17(4H,芳基)。
向搅拌的N-叔丁氧羰基-L-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-N-甲氧基,N-甲酰胺(1.2g,4mmol)的30ml乙醚溶液中加入190mg(5mmol)氢化锂铝。还原反应进行1小时,然后用KHSO4(954mg,7mmol)的水(20ml)溶液水解反应混合物。然后分离出水层,用三份50ml乙醚萃取。四份有机相合并后用3N HCl,NaHCO3饱和水溶液及NaCl饱和水溶液洗涤,最后用MgSO4干燥。蒸除溶剂后得到油状纯品醛。
产量:635mg(60%),油状物
TLC(硅胶)Rf 0.84 EtOAc/己烷(1/1)
Rf 0.57 EtOAc/己烷(1/2)
NMR(CDCl3)δ1.5(9H,叔丁基),3.0-3.27(2H,H-4),4.4-4.8(3H,1H-3和2H-1),7.0-7.2(4H,芳基),9.43(1H,CHO)。
Boc-Tic醛和H-Phe-Phe-O树脂间的还原烷基化反应
树脂用DMF(2×1分钟)洗涤后,向其中加入Boc-Tic醛(392mg,1.52mmol)的含1% AcOH的DMF溶液。然后将氰基硼氢化钠(115mg,1.83mmol)在40分钟内分批加入并继续反应3小时。
N-端酪氨酸残基偶联及脱保护后,将肽从树脂断下并按实施例1所述方法纯化及冷冻干燥。
产量:180mg
FAB-MS:MH+=633
TLC(硅胶)Rf 0.73 n-BuOH/AcOH/H2O(4/1/5,有机相)
Rf 0.69 n-BuOH/吡啶/AcOH/H2O(15/10/3/12)
氨基酸分析:Tyr 0.95,Phe 1.00
按照本发明已合成如下化合物并作为δ拮抗剂进行了测试。
δ类鸦片拮抗剂的体外药理学试验
a)生物测定依据对小鼠输精管(MVD)及豚鼠回肠(GPI)对电刺激引起收缩的抑制作用。在GPI测定中,类鸦片效应主要由μ类鸦片受体传递,而在MVD测定中,对收缩的抑制作用主要是由于与δ类鸦片受体的相互作用。在这些测定中拮抗力用所谓的Ke值表示(H.W.Kosterlitz及A.J.Watt,Br.J.Pharmacol.33,266-276(1968))。激动力用IC50值表示(对电诱导收缩产生50%抑制作用时的激动剂浓度)。
利用离体器官的生物测定
GPI和MVD生物测定根据P.W.Schiller等在Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun85,1332-1338(1978)中和J.Di Maio等在J.Med.Chem.25,1432-1438(1982)中所报导的方法进行。在每个回肠及输精管样本中以[leu5]脑菲肽为标准物做对数剂量-响应曲线,被测试化合物的IC50值用A.A Waterfield等在Eur.J.Pharmacol.58,11-18(1979)中的方法标准化。TIPP-相关拮抗剂的Ke值由在有固定拮抗剂浓度时的IC50(DR)与无固定拮抗剂浓度时的IC50值(a)的比值确定(Ke=a/(DR-1)),见H.W.Kosterlitz及A.J.Watt,Br.J.Pharmacol.33,266-276(1968)。这些测定依据MVD试验,应用三种不同的δ-选择激动剂([leu5]脑菲肽,DPDPE和[D-Ala2]deltorphin I])
结果见下表Ⅰ。
表Ⅰ
(现有技术已知的化合物用(P)标记)
a.3-8次测定平均值±SEM
b.H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH2,H-Dmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH2和H-Dmt-Tic ψ[CH2-NH]Phe-Phe-NH2是混合的μ激动剂/δ拮抗剂,在豚鼠回肠测定(GPI)中其IC50S值分别为1700±220nM,18.2±1.8nM和7.71±0.32nM。
结论
TIPP-相关δ拮抗剂的μ拮抗作用或μ激动作用
-GPI测定中,浓度高达10μM时,所有化合物未表现μ拮抗活性。
-GPI测定中,具有自由C-端羧基的TIPP-相关肽表现很弱的μ激动力(IC50>10μM)。而具有C-端羧基酰胺官能团的TIPP-衍生肽在GPI测定中表现完全的μ激动力(例如H-Dmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH2在GPI测定中的IC50值为18.2±1.8nM)。
类鸦片受体结合测定
化合物的μ和δ类鸦片受体结合常数(Kiμ,Kiδ)按相对选择性的μ及δ放射配体从小鼠脑膜中的结合点的移位来确定(所测量的IC50值的计算根据Cheng和Prusoff(Y.C.Cheng和W.H.Prusoff(Biochem.Pharmacol.22,3099-3102(1973)的公式进行)。
下表2给出类鸦片受体结合测定的结果。Kiμ/Kiδ的比值是δ-选择性的定量度量。
比值越高,δ-选择性越好。
类鸦片受体结合研究
在结合测定中所有新的类似物的μ-,δ-和K-类鸦片受体亲和力的确定依据μ-、δ-和K-选择性放射配体从小鼠脑膜结合点的移位。对于K-配体,应用豚鼠脑膜均浆,因为豚鼠脑中K-结合点的相对比例比在小鼠脑中高。我们实验室所用的实验过程是经过改良的Pasternak等(Mol.Pharmacol.11,340-351(1975))的结合测定方法。来自加拿大繁殖实验室(Canadian Breeding Laboratories)的雄性Sprague-Dawley鼠经断头,去除小脑后,将其脑在30体积的冰冷标准缓冲溶液中(50mM Tris-HCl,pH7.7)制成均浆。在4℃经30,000xg离心30分钟后,膜在原体积的标准缓冲液中重组并在37℃保温30分钟(释放结合的内生配体)。随后离心并将其颗粒在原体积的新鲜标准缓冲溶液中再悬浮,制成最终的膜悬浮液。取等分的(2ml)这种与含被测肽的1ml标准缓冲溶液及一种下述最终浓度的放射配体在25℃保温1-2小时:[3H]DAMGO,μ-选择性,0.7nM;[3H]DSLET,[3H]DPDPE或[3H]TIPP,δ-选择性,1.0nM和[3H]U69,563,K-选择性,0.5nM。保温过程经过滤而终止,过滤于4℃真空条件下用Whatman GF/B滤器进行。用二份5ml冰冷的标准缓冲溶液洗涤后滤器转移到闪烁管中,用1ml Protosol(New England Nuclear)处理30分钟后加入0.5ml乙酸及10ml Aquasol(New England Nuclear)。振摇30分钟后,闪烁管以40-45%的效率计数。所有的实验都做双份并且至少重复三次。三个放射配体中每个的具体结合情况分别在1微摩尔浓度的冷的DAMGO,DSLET和U69,563存在时进行保温实验。具体结合的半数最大抑制量(IC50)值可从半对数图中得到。由所得的IC50值,可根据Cheng和Prusoff方程(Biochem,Pharmeol.22,3099-3102
(1973))计算出结合抑制常数(Ki)。在研究中,μ-,δ-和K-典型结合测定中Ki值的比值是被研究化合物受体选择性的度量(例如Kiμ/Kiδ表示δ-受体对μ-受体的选择性)。本发明所述化合物对K-受体都没有显著的亲和力。
表2
a. 3次测定平均值±SEM
潜在的用途
纯的δ拮抗剂可与μ激动型止痛药(如吗啡)合并使用以防止耐药性和依赖性的发展,这一点受到E.E.Abdelhamid等,J.Parmacol.Exp.Ther.258,299-303(1991)研究结果的启发。后一研究也表明具有混合的μ激动/δ拮抗性质的化合物可作为不产生耐药性及依赖性的治疗用止痛药。本专利申请所述具有C-端羧基酰胺基的TIPP-相关肽是第一个已知的混合μ激动/δ拮抗剂。
本专利申请所述的δ拮抗剂也可做为免疫抑制剂用于治疗。较低δ-选择性及低“纯度”δ拮抗剂naltrindole的免疫抑制效应由K.Arakawa等在Transplantation Proc.24,696-697(1992);Transplantation 53,951-953(1992)中作了报导。
缩写
Aib=α-氨基异丁酸
Atc=2-氨基四氢化萘-2-羧酸
Boc=叔丁氧羰基
Cpm=环丙基甲基
DAMGO=H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe(NαMe)-Gly-ol
DCC=二环己基碳化二亚胺
DIEA=二异丙基乙基胺
Dmt=2,6-二甲基酪氨酸
DSLET=H-Tyr-D-Ser-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr-OH
Et=乙基
FAB-MS=快原子轰击质谱
GPI=豚鼠回肠
Hex=己基
Hfe=高苯丙氨酸
HOBt=1-羧基苯并三唑
MVD=小鼠输精管
1-Nal=3-(1′-萘基)丙氨酸
2-Nal=3-(2′-萘基)丙氨酸
Phe(PNO2)=4-硝基苯基丙氨酸
Phg=苯基甘氨酸
Tic=1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸
TIP=H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-OH
TIP-NH2=H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-NH2
TIP(ψ)=H-Tyr-Ticψ[CH2-NH]Phe-OH
TIPP=H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH
TIPP-NH2=H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH2
TIPP(ψ)=H-Tyr-Ticψ[CH2-NH]Phe-Phe-OH
Tyr(3-Br)=3-溴酪氨酸
Tyr(3-Cl)=3-氯酪氨酸
Tyr(3-F)=3-氟酪氨酸
Tyr(NαMe)=Nα-甲基酪氨酸
U69,593=(5α,7α,8β)-(-)-N-甲基-[7-(1-吡咯啉基)-1-氧杂螺[4.5]癸-8-基]苯乙酰胺。
Claims (16)
1、式Ⅰ的化合物
其中
R2是H、CH3(CH2)n(其中n=0-12)、CH2、
,CH2-CH=CH2;
R3、R4、R5、R6全部是H或
R4和R5都是H,R3和R6都是低级烷基或
R3、R5、R6全部是H,R4是F、Cl、Br、OH、NH2或NO2;
R7是C=O或CH2;
R8是H或低级烷基;
其中m为0-2,或
其中
R10是H、F、Cl、Br或I,m是0-2;
R11是OH、NH2或
其中R12是H、NO2、F、Cl、Br或I,m是0-2,
R13是COOH、CONH2、CH2OH或任何其它氨基酸或肽片断,或
R11是
其中
R14是COOH、CONH2、CH2OH或任何其它氨基酸或肽片断;但是下列化合物除外:其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R8全部是H,R7是C=O,R9是
且R11是Phe-OH、Phe-NH2、OH或NH2。
2、根据权利要求1式Ⅰ的化合物,其中R7是还原肽键的一部分。
3、根据权利要求1式Ⅰ的化合物,其中R4和R5都是氢,R3和R6都是甲基。
4、应用于治疗的根据权利要求1的化合物。
5、用做止痛剂的根据权利要求1的化合物。
6、用做免疫抑制剂的根据权利要求1的化合物。
7、用固相合成法制备根据权利要求1的肽的方法。
8、根据权利要求7的方法,包括增加的将Boc-Tic-OH残基接到二肽树脂上(再偶联步骤)及增加的将Boc-Tyr(Boc)-OH接到肽树脂上(再偶联步骤)的步骤。
9、根据权利要求7或8中任一项的方法,其中适宜的隋性溶剂是CH2Cl2或CH2Cl2/DMF(3∶1V/V)的混合溶剂,偶联剂是N,N′-二环己基碳化二亚胺/1-羟基-苯并三唑。
10、根据权利要求1的一些肽的制备方法,这些多肽通过在酸化的DMF中用氰基硼氢化钠在Boc-Tic醛和树脂结合的肽的氨基间还原烷基化反应而在Tic2残基及3-位残基之间含有还原肽键(-CH2-NH-)。
11、制备N-叔丁氧羰基-L-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-醛(Boc-Tic醛)的方法,此化合物用于制备根据权利要求10的肽,其中Tic2残基与3-位残基间含有还原肽键(-CH2NH-)。
12、含有有效量的根据权利要求1的化合物及一种或多种药用载体的药物制剂。
13、根据权利要求1的化合物作为止痛药剂制备中的活性成分的用途。
14、根据权利要求1的化合物作为有免疫抑制效应的药物制剂制备中的活性成分的用途。
15、治疗疼痛的方法,在这种方法中给需要这种治疗的病人服用有效量的根据权利要求1的化合物。
16、产生免疫抑制效果的方法,在这种方法中给需要这种治疗的病人服用有效量的根据权利要求1的化合物。
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US6184208B1 (en) | 1994-06-29 | 2001-02-06 | Immunotech Developments Inc. | Peptide, a method for its preparation and a pharmaceutical composition containing the peptide |
RU2067000C1 (ru) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-09-27 | Владислав Исакович Дейгин | Пептид и способ его получения |
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US5780589A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1998-07-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Ultraselective opioidmimetic peptides and pharmacological and therapeutic uses thereof |
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SE9600769D0 (sv) * | 1996-02-28 | 1996-02-28 | Astra Ab | Compounds useful as analgesic |
CA2291778A1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1998-12-03 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Heterocyclic amide compounds as cell adhesion inhibitors |
US6903075B1 (en) | 1997-05-29 | 2005-06-07 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Heterocyclic amide compounds as cell adhesion inhibitors |
US6703381B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2004-03-09 | Nobex Corporation | Methods for delivery therapeutic compounds across the blood-brain barrier |
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US7601739B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2009-10-13 | Virgina Commonwealth University | Compounds having antiestrogenic and tissue selective estrogenic properties, and compounds with anti-androgenic properties for treatment of prostate cancer and androgen receptor dependent diseases |
US20110104186A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2011-05-05 | Nicholas Valiante | Small molecule immunopotentiators and assays for their detection |
US20080045610A1 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2008-02-21 | Alexander Michalow | Methods for regulating neurotransmitter systems by inducing counteradaptations |
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LV10962A (lv) | 1995-12-20 |
KR960700269A (ko) | 1996-01-19 |
AU5844894A (en) | 1994-08-15 |
AP9400605A0 (en) | 1994-01-31 |
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SK83995A3 (en) | 1996-09-04 |
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CA2152380A1 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
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ZA9455B (en) | 1994-07-05 |
EE9400326A (et) | 1996-04-15 |
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