CN109651350B - 一类杂环取代的1,3,4-噁(噻)二唑类化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一类杂环取代的1,3,4-噁(噻)二唑类化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109651350B CN109651350B CN201910027967.1A CN201910027967A CN109651350B CN 109651350 B CN109651350 B CN 109651350B CN 201910027967 A CN201910027967 A CN 201910027967A CN 109651350 B CN109651350 B CN 109651350B
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- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一类杂环取代的1,3,4‑噁(噻)二唑类化合物及其制备方法和用途。该化合物具有如通式(I)所示的结构:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学技术领域,尤其是一种含杂环取代的1,3,4-噁(噻)二唑类化合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
近年来,植物细菌性和真菌性疾病的出现和发展造成全球生产的制约,是世界范围内农业面临的重大挑战。这些疾病主要是由入侵的植物病原细菌和真菌形成和传播的,对水稻、柑橘、烟草等多种经济重要作物造成了重大损害。为解决这一问题,探索了许多防治这些疾病的策略,如开发耐药品种、开发合成杀菌剂和利用生物防治剂。然而,长期滥用杀菌剂和新的病原菌的出现,使病原菌产生了一定的抗性。因此,迫切需要研究具有高效生物活性和独特作用方式的有希望杀菌剂,以应付这一严峻的形势并实现人们的期望。基于噁二唑的化合物因具有广泛的生物活性(如抗革兰氏阳性(或阴性)菌等)成为研究学者研究的热点之一。同时,含咪唑类化合物在农药方面表现出广谱的生物活性,商品化的药剂有农用杀菌剂咪鲜胺,抑霉唑等。为了寻找高效杀菌的活性化合物,本发明以1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物为基础,将能够提高目标化合物生物活性的杂环基团引入到此体系中,合成一系列含杂环取代的1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物,测试其生物活性,为新农药的研发和创制提供重要的科学基础。杂环咪唑类化合物生物活性研究进展如下:
在2016年Wen等[Wen,SQ;Jeyakkumar,P;Avula,SR;Zhang,L;Zhou,CH.Discoveryof novel berberine imidazoles as safe antimicrobial agents by down regulatingROS generation,Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016,26,
2768-2773.]开发并表征了一系列新型咪唑基小檗碱衍生物作为新型抗菌剂。它们中的大多数对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌具有良好的抗菌活性。咪唑基小檗碱3a对Eberthella Typhosa具有低MIC值,为11μg/mL,甚至优于参考药物小檗碱,氯霉素和诺氟沙星。细胞毒性和ROS产生测定表明化合物3a显示出低细胞毒性。紫外-可见光谱法的相互作用研究表明,化合物3a可以有效地嵌入小牛胸腺DNA中,形成3a-DNA复合物,进一步阻断DNA复制,发挥强大的抗菌活性。化合物3a与DNA拓扑异构酶IB的结合行为揭示了氢键和静电相互作用在化合物3a与DNA拓扑异构酶IB的结合中起重要作用。
在2017年Wescott等[Wescott,HAH;Roberts,DM;Allebach,CL;Kokoczka,R;Parish,T.Imidazoles Induce Reactive Oxygen Species in Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Which Is Not Associated with Cell Death.Acs Omega.2017,2,41-51.]证明咪唑对结核分枝杆菌有杀菌作用。在咪唑处理的结核分枝杆菌中观察到活性氧(ROS)显着增加。添加抗氧化剂或改变解毒酶的表达对生长没有影响,ROS的产生似乎与咪唑的杀菌机制无关。我们检测了益康唑在治疗野生型结核分枝杆菌和抗性突变株中诱导的代谢变化。益康唑治疗诱导两种菌株中碳水化合物,氨基酸和能量代谢的变化。
2018年Chen等[Chen,L.;Zhao,B.;Fan,Z.J;Liu,X.M.;Wu,Q.F.;Li,H.P.;Wang,H.X.Synthesis of Novel 3,4-Chloroisothiazole-Based Imidazoles as Fungicidesand Evaluation of Their Mode of Action.J.Agric.Food.Chem.2018,66,7319-7327.]基于同源性建模和分子对接研究针对细胞色素P450依赖性甾醇14α-脱甲基酶3 4-二氯噻唑基咪唑类显示巨大的潜力。合理的设计、合成和表征了几种化合物,并评价其抗真菌活性。生物测定结果表明,(R)-11、(R)-12、(S)-11等化合物具有很好的、广谱抗真菌活性,与商业产品具有可比性。通过Q-PCR检测和显微镜观察,咪唑衍生物通过抑制BcCYP51表达体系影响真菌细胞壁的形成。这些结果有力地表明,这些咪唑类化合物的作用方式与噻康唑和抑霉唑类化合物相似。
2018年Daniela等[Friggeri,L;Hargrove,TY;Wawrzak,Z;Blobaum,AL;Rachakonda,G;Lindsley,CW;Villalta,F;Nes,WD;Botta,M;Guengerich,FP;Lepesheva,GI;Sterol 14alpha-Demethylase Structure-Based Design of VNI((R)-N-(1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl)-4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamide))Derivatives To Target Fungal Infections:Synthesis,BiologicalEvaluation,and Crystallographic Analysis.J Med Chem.2018,61,5679-5691].合成了真菌导向VNI衍生物,从两个主要的真菌病原体(烟曲霉菌和白色念珠菌)分析他们对CYP51的抑制效率,微粒体稳定性,影响真菌细胞,从烟曲霉菌CYP51与最有效化合物的结构表征,为其抗真菌药物支架和概括提供一种新了进一步优化的方向。
1,3,4-噁二唑化合物的生物活性研究进展如下:
2016年Sindhe等[Sindhe,M Aruna;Bodke,Yadav D;Kenchappa,R;Telkar,Sandeep;Chandrashekar,A.Synthesis of a series of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential antioxidant and antibacterialagents.Journal of chemical biology.2016,9,79-90]合成了一系列新的2,5-二取代-1,3,4-恶二唑衍生物,并筛选了它们的抗微生物和抗氧化活性。该测定表明化合物3c,3d和3i表现出与一线药物相当的抗菌和抗氧化活性。
2017年Wang等[Wang,PY;Shao,WB;Xue,HT;Fang,HS;Zhou,J;Wu,ZB;Song,BA;Yang,S.Synthesis of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing diamides aspromising antibacterial and antiviral agents.Res Chem Intermedlat.2017,43,6115-6130.]合成了具有二酰胺的各种新型1,3,4-恶二唑衍生物并测试了它们的抗菌和抗病毒活性。初步的抗菌测定表明,一些中间体和目标化合物对植物病原体水稻白叶枯病菌和柑橘溃疡菌显示出优异的抑制作用。进一步的研究表明,化合物H15对Xoo和Xac表现出最好的活性,EC50值分别为0.7和5.9μg/mL。抗病毒生物测定表明,这些结构中的一些在体内抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)显示出明显的治疗活性和的中等保护活性。其中,化合物H8对TMV的治疗效果最好,治疗活性为60.0%,500μg/mL,与商品农用抗病毒药宁南霉素(54.2%)相当。鉴于其显着的生物活性,这种化合物可以作为抗菌和抗病毒化疗研究中的新的主要化合物。
2018年Cunha等[Cunha,FS;Nogueira,JMR;de Aguiar,AP.Synthesis andAntibacterial Evaluation of 3,5-Diaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole Derivatives.Indian JChem B.2018,29,2405-2416.]报道了20种3,5-二芳基-1,2,4-恶二唑衍生物的合成,其中9种是新化合物。针对五种细菌测试所有化合物:大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌、奇异变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。其中硝化衍生物给出最佳测试结果,其中邻硝化衍生物的MIC值最低,为60μM(大肠杆菌)。这些化合物的活性可能涉及通过自由基的机制。金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌对所有化合物都有抗性。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一提供了一类杂环取代的1,3,4-噁(噻)二唑类化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物。
本发明的另一目的在提供了制备上述化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物的中间体化合物及其制备方法。
本发明还有一目的是提供了一种含有上述化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物的组合物。
本发明还有一目的是提供了上述化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物,或所述组合物的用途。
本发明另一目的是提供了利用上述化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物,或所述组合物防治农业病虫害的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用了下述技术方案:
一类杂环取代的1,3,4-噁(噻)二唑类化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物,该化合物具有如通式(I)所示的结构:
其中,
R1选自选自氢、氘、任意取代或未取代的烷基、任意取代或未取代的烯基、任意取代或未取代的炔基、任意取代或未取代的烷氧基、任意取代或未取代的环烷基、任意取代或未取代的芳基、任意取代或未取代的杂芳基中的一个或多个;
R2选自氢、氘、任意取代或未取代的烷基、任意取代或未取代的烯基、任意取代或未取代的炔基、任意取代或未取代的烷氧基、任意取代或未取代的环烷基、任意取代或未取代的芳基、任意取代或未取代的杂芳基中的一个或多个;
X选自O或S;
n=1-20的整数,优选1-15,更优选1-10,最优选1-8。
优选地,R1选自氢、氘、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基或杂环中的一个或多个;更优选地,R1选自氢、氘、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、取代或未取代的C6-C15芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C10杂芳基中的一个或多个,其中,所述取代的指的是被C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、氨基、羟基、卤素、硝基、三氟甲基中的一个或多个取代;最优选地,R1选自氢、氘、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、丙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、苯基、氯苯基、溴苯基、氟苯基、二氯苯基、二溴苯基、二氟苯基、甲苯基、胺苯基、羟苯基、苄基、邻氟苄基、间氟苄基、对氟苄基、邻溴苄基、间溴苄基、对溴苄基、邻氯苄基、间氯苄基、对氯苄基、甲氧苯基、乙氧苯基、苯氧甲基、苯氧乙基、硝基苯基、三氟甲基苯基、萘基、菲基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、吡喃基、嘧啶基、邻氟吡啶基、间氟吡啶基、对氟吡啶基、邻溴吡啶基、间溴吡啶基、对溴吡啶基、邻氯吡啶基、间氯吡啶基、对氯吡啶基、邻氟吡喃基、间氟吡喃基、对氟吡喃基、邻溴吡喃基、间溴吡喃基、对溴吡喃基、邻氯吡喃基、间氯吡喃基、对氯吡喃基、邻氟呋喃基、间氟呋喃基、邻氯呋喃基、间氯呋喃基、邻溴呋喃基、间溴呋喃基、邻氟噻吩基、间氟噻吩基、邻氯噻吩基、间氯噻吩基、邻溴噻吩基、间溴噻吩基、邻氟吡咯基、间氟吡咯基、邻氯吡咯基、间氯吡咯基、邻溴吡咯基、间溴吡咯基、2-氟咪唑基、4-氟咪唑基、5-氟咪唑基、2-氯咪唑基、4-氯咪唑基、5-氯咪唑基、2-溴咪唑基、4-溴咪唑基、5-溴咪唑基、2-氟噻唑基、4-氟噻唑基、5-氟噻唑基、2-氯噻唑基、4-氯噻唑基、5-氯噻唑基、2-溴噻唑基、4-溴噻唑基、5-溴噻唑基、2-氟嘧啶基、4-氟嘧啶基、5-氟嘧啶基、2-氯嘧啶基、4-氯嘧啶基、5-氯嘧啶基、2-溴嘧啶基、4-溴嘧啶基、5-溴嘧啶基;
优选地,R2选自氢、氘、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、取代或未取代的氨基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基或杂环中的一个或多个;更优选地,R2选自氢、氘、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C1-C10烷氧基、C1-C5烷基取代或未取代的氨基、取代或未取代的C6-C15芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C10杂芳基中的一个或多个,其中,所述取代的指的是被C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、氨基、羟基、卤素、硝基、三氟甲基中的一个或多个取代;最优选地,R2选自氢、氘、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、丙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、氨基、甲氨基、乙氨基、二甲氨基、二乙氨基、丙基氨基、二丙氨基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的吡喃基、取代或未取代的嘧啶基、取代或未取代的哌啶基、取代或未取代的吗啉基、取代或未取代的咪唑基、取代或未取代的吡咯基、取代或未取代的呋喃基、取代或未取代的噻吩基、取代或未取代的噻唑基、取代或未取代的三唑基、取代或未取代的苯并三唑基、取代或未取代的哌嗪基,其中所述的取代基指的是被C1-C5烷基、C1-C5烷氧基、C2-C5烯基、三氟甲基、硝基、氨基、羟基、氟、氯、溴、碘、硝基、三氟甲基中的一个或多个取代。
最优选地,选自下述化合物:
本发明还提供了一种制备通式(I)化合物的中间体化合物,以下述式(II)化合物所示:
其中,R1、X和n如上所示。
本发明还提供了一类杂环取代的1,3,4-噁(噻)二唑类化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物的制备方法,包括下述步骤:式(II)化合物与R2H反应生成式(I)化合物的步骤;
最优选地,包括下述步骤:
本发明还提供了一种组合物,其含有所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物,以及农业上可用的助剂或杀菌剂、杀虫剂或除草剂;优选地,所述组合物的剂型选自乳油(EC)、粉剂(DP)、可湿性粉剂(WP)、颗粒剂(GR)、水剂(AS)、悬浮剂(SC)、超低容量喷雾剂(ULV)、可溶性粉剂(SP)、微胶囊剂(MC)、烟剂(FU)、水乳剂(EW)、水分散性粒剂(WG)。
所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物,或所述的组合物在防治农业病虫害方面的用途,优选地,所述农业病虫害为植物细菌性或真菌性病害;更优选地,所述农业病虫害为植物叶枯病和植物溃疡病;最优选地,所述农业病虫害为水稻白叶枯病菌、黄瓜白叶枯病菌、魔芋白叶枯病菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、葡萄溃疡病菌、番茄溃疡病菌、猕猴桃溃疡病菌、苹果溃疡病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、辣椒枯萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌、辣椒枯萎病菌、蓝莓根腐病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌、油菜菌核病菌和火龙果炭疽病菌。
本发明还提供了一种防治农业病虫害的方法:使所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物,或所述的组合物作用于有害物或其生活环境;优选地,所述农业病虫害为植物细菌性或真菌性病害;更优选地,所述农业病虫害为水稻白叶枯病菌、黄瓜白叶枯病菌、魔芋白叶枯病菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、葡萄溃疡病菌、番茄溃疡病菌、猕猴桃溃疡病菌、苹果溃疡病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、辣椒枯萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌、辣椒枯萎病菌、蓝莓根腐病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌、油菜菌核病菌和火龙果炭疽病菌。
本发明还提供了用于保护植物免受农业病虫害侵害的方法,其包括其中使植物与所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐或其溶剂化物,或所述的组合物接触的方法步骤。
此处用到的术语“烷基”是包括具有特定数目碳原子的支链和直链饱和烃基。例如“C1-10烷基”(或亚烷基)目的是C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9和C10烷基。另外,例如“C1-6烷基”表示具有1到6个碳原子的烷基。烷基可为非取代或取代的,以使一个或多个其氢原子被其它化学基团取代。烷基的实施例包括但不限于甲基(Me)、乙基(Et)、丙基(如正丙基和异丙基)、丁基(如正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基)、戊基(如正戊基、异戊基、新戊基)及其类似物。并且,当提到己基、庚基、辛基时,除包括正己基、正庚基、正辛基之外,还包括其所有同分异构体。
“烯基”是既包括直链或支链结构的烃,且具有一个或多个出现在链中任何稳定点的碳-碳双键。例如“C2-6烯基”(或亚烯基)目的是包括C2、C3、C4、C5和C6烯基。烯基的实例包括但不限于乙烯基、1-丙烯基,2-丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基及其类似物。
“炔基”是既包括直链或支链结构的烃,且具有一个或多个出现在链中任何稳定点的碳-碳叁键。例如“C2-6炔基”(或亚炔基)目的是包括C2、C3、C4、C5和C6炔基;如乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基及其类似物。
此处用到的术语“取代的”指的是在指定原子或基团上的任意一个或多个氢原子以选择的指定基团取代,前提是不超过指定原子的一般化合价。如果没有其它说明,取代基命名至中心结构。例如,可以理解的是当(环烷基)烷基是可能的取代基,该取代基至中心结构的连接点是在烷基部分中。此处使用的环双键是形成于两个临近环原子之间的双键(如C=C、C=N或N=N)。当提到取代时,特别是多取代时,指的是多个取代基在指定基团上的各个位置上取代,如二氯苯基指的是1,2-二氯苯基、1,3-二氯苯基和1,4-二氯苯基。
取代基和或变量的组合是允许的,仅当这些组合产生稳定的化合物或有用的合成中间体。稳定的化合物或稳定结构暗示所述化合物以有用的纯度从反应混合物分离出来时是足够稳定的,随之配制形成有效的治疗试剂。优选地,目前所述化合物不包含N-卤素、S(O)2H或S(O)H基。
术语“芳基”指的是在环部分具有6到12个碳原子的单环或双环芳香烃基,如苯基和萘基,每个可被取代的。
特别地,三唑指的是1,2,4-1H-三氮唑和1,2,3-1H-三氮唑。
术语“卤素”或“卤素原子”指的是氯、溴、氟和碘。
术语“卤代烷基”指的是具有一个或多个卤素取代基的取代烷基。例如“卤代烷基”包括单、双和三氟甲基;即便卤代烷基中的卤代被明确为氟、氯、溴、碘,同样指的是具有一个或多个氟、氯、溴、碘取代基的取代烷基。
术语“杂芳基”指的是取代和非取代芳香5或6元单环基团,9-或10-元双环基团,和11到14元三环基团,在至少一个环中具有至少一个杂原子(O,S或N),所述含杂原子的环优选具有1、2或3个选自O、S和N中的杂原子。含杂原子的杂芳基的每个环可含一个或两个氧或硫原子和/或由1到4个氮原子,前提是每个环中杂原子的总数是4或更少,且每个环具有至少一个碳原子。完成双环和三环基团的稠合环可仅含有碳原子,并可以是饱和、部分饱和或不饱和。氮和硫原子可任选被氧化且氮原子可任选被季铵化。双环或三环的杂芳基必须包括至少一个全芳香环,氮其它稠合环可为芳香性或非芳香性的。杂芳基可在任何环的任何可利用氮或碳原子上连接。当化合价允许,如果所述其它环是环烷基或杂环,其另外任选以=O(氧)取代。
示例性单环杂芳基包括吡咯基、吡唑基、吡唑啉基、咪唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁二唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、三嗪基及其类似物。
示例性双环杂芳基包括吲哚基、苯并噻唑基、苯并二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、吲哚嗪基、苯并呋喃基、色酮基、香豆素基、苯并呋喃基、噌啉基、喹喔啉基、吲唑基、吡咯并吡啶基、氟代吡啶基、二氢异吲哚基、四氢喹啉基及其类似物。
如果没有其它说明,本发明的化合物理解为包括游离态和其盐。术语“盐”表示以无机和/或有机酸和碱形成酸式和/或碱式盐。另外,术语“盐可包括两性离子(内盐),如当式I化合物含有碱性片段如胺或吡啶或咪唑环,和酸式片段如羧酸。药物上可接受的(即非毒性、生理学上可接受的)盐是优选的,如可接受的金属和胺盐,其中阳离子没有显著贡献毒性或盐的生物活性。然而,其它盐可是有用的,如在制备过程中采用分离或纯化步骤,因此也包含于本发明范围中。
优选地,C1-C10烷基指的是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基及其同分异构体;C1-C10烷氧基指的是甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基及其同分异构体;C2-C5烯基指的是乙烯基、丙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基及其同分异构体。类似的,C1-C5烷基指的是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基及其同分异构体;C1-C5烷氧基指的是甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基及其同分异构体;
当提到取代基时,如烯基、炔基、烷基、卤素、芳基、杂芳基、烷氧基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、膦基时,或这些取代基具体的为某个具体的烯基、炔基、烷基、卤素、芳基、杂芳基、烷氧基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、膦基时,指的是一个到三个上述取代基。如甲基苯基指的是一个到三个甲基取代的苯基。
本发明是这样实现的:一种含杂环取代的1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物,其特征在于:该化合物具有如通式(I)所示的结构:
优选地,R1为2,4-二氯苯基、4-硝基苯基、3-硝基苯基、2-硝基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-甲基苯基、苯基、4-氟苯基、4-氯苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、3-氟-5溴苯基、4-三氟苯基、吡啶基;R2为2-甲基-5-硝基-咪唑基、2-甲基-4-溴-5硝基-咪唑基、2-氯-5-硝基-咪唑基、2-甲基-4-硝基-5溴-咪唑基、2-硝基-咪唑基、咪唑基、1,2,3-三氮唑基、1,2,5-三氮唑基、1,2,4-三氮唑基、1,2,3,5-四氮唑基、苯并三氮唑基、吡咯基、3-硝基-吡咯基、4-溴-吡咯基、3-硝基-1,2,4-三氮唑基、N-甲基哌啶、N,N-二乙基;n为自然数。
所述的含杂环取代的1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物的制备方法,其合成路线如下;
优选地,R1为2,4-二氯苯基、4-硝基苯基、3-硝基苯基、2-硝基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-甲基苯基、苯基、4-氟苯基、4-氯苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、3-氟-5溴苯基、4-三氟苯基、吡啶基;R2为2-甲基-5-硝基-咪唑基、2-甲基-4-溴-5硝基-咪唑基、2-氯-5-硝基-咪唑基、2-甲基-4-硝基-5溴-咪唑基、2-硝基-咪唑基、咪唑基、1,2,3-三氮唑基、1,2,5-三氮唑基、1,2,4-三氮唑基、1,2,3,5-四氮唑基、苯并三氮唑基、吡咯基、3-硝基-吡咯基、4-溴-吡咯基、3-硝基-1,2,4-三氮唑基、N-甲基哌啶、N,N-二乙基;n为自然数。
通过采用上述技术方案,本发明以1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物为基础,将杂环基引入到此体系中,合成一系列含杂环取代的1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物,且发现该类化合物对致病病原细菌和真菌具有良好的抑制作用,针对病原细菌[如水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonasoryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo)、烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum,R.solanacearum)、柑橘溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri,Xac)等]和病原真菌[如小麦赤霉病菌(G.zeae)、马铃薯晚疫病菌(P.infestans)、辣椒枯萎病原菌(F.oxysporum)、火龙果炭疽病原菌(C.gloeosporioides)、蓝莓根腐(P.cinnamomi)、油菜菌核(S.sclerotiorum)等]均具有良好的抑制效果,为新农药的研发和创制提供重要的科学基础。
实施例
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。应该理解的是,本发明实施例所述方法仅仅是用于说明本发明,而不是对本发明的限制,在本发明的构思前提下对本发明制备方法的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。实施例中用到的所有原料和溶剂均为市售产品。
实施例1:中间体2-(5-溴戊基)5-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑制备合成2,4-二氯苯甲酰肼,参照文献[Wang,P.Y;Zhou,L;Zhou,J;Wu,Z.B;Xue,W;Song,B.A;Yang,S.Synthesis and antibacterial activity of pyridinium-tailored 2,5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether/sulfoxide/sulfone derivatives.BioorgMed Chem Lett,2016,26,1214-1217]。将其(0.5g,2.44mmol)加入含有6-溴代己酸(0.48g,2.44mmol)的8mL POCl3溶液中,75℃反应10h。减压除去POCl3,再加入70mL乙酸乙酯到残渣中进行萃取,有机层用清水、碳酸钾水溶液、盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后脱溶。使用PE:EA=8:1作为洗脱剂,得到中间体,白色固体,产率为73.2%,熔点:164.3-165.6℃。
实施例2:2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-(5-(2-甲基-5-硝基-1H-咪唑-1-基)戊基)-1,3,4-噁二唑的制备
2-(5-溴戊基)-5-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑4(0.2g,0.55mmol),2-甲基-5-硝基-1H-咪唑(0.14g,1.10mmol)和K2CO3溶解在DMF(7mL),在60℃下搅拌12小时。减压除溶剂,乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用水,盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后脱溶。使用CH2Cl2:CH3OH=40:1作为洗脱液剂,得到所需产物,棕色固体,产率:99.9%,熔点:49.8-50.1℃。
以类似于实施例1和2的合成方法步骤,使用相应的原料制备其它化合物。
合成的1,3,4-噁二唑基咪唑(部分杂环)类化合物的结构及核磁共振氢谱和碳谱数据如表1所示,物化性质如表2所示。
表1部分化合物的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱数据
表2部分目标化合物的理化性质
药理实施例1:EC50(median effective concentration)是评价植物病原菌对化合物敏感性的重要指标,同时也是对目标化合物作用机制研究时,化合物浓度设置的重要参数。在进行初筛时,浓度选择100ppm、50ppm。在浓度梯度实验中,采用二倍稀释法设定合适的5个浓度,最后将药剂对植物病原菌的抑制率、药剂浓度换算成对数值,通过SPSS软件回归分析得到毒力曲线,计算出EC50。
采用浊度法测试目标化合物对植物病原菌的有效中浓度EC50,试验对象为水稻白叶枯病菌(Xoo)和柑橘溃疡病菌(Xac)。DMSO溶解在培养基中作为空白对照。将水稻白叶枯病菌(水稻白叶枯病原菌在M210固体培养基)放到NB培养基中,在28℃、180rpm恒温摇床中振荡培养到对数生长期备用;烟草青枯病原菌在NA固体培养基上进行划线培养,放置在30℃恒温培养箱中,直到长出单菌落,挑取单菌落,将烟草青枯病菌放到NB液体培养基,在30℃、180rpm恒温摇床中振荡培养到对数生长期备用;将柑橘溃疡病菌(在M210固体培养基上)放到NB培养基中,在28℃、180rpm恒温摇床中振荡培养到对数生长期备用。将药剂(化合物)配置成不同浓度(例:80,40,20,10,5μg/mL)的含毒NB液体培养基5mL加入到试管中,分别加入40μL含有植病细菌的NB液体培养基,在28-30℃、180rpm恒温摇床中振荡,其水稻白叶枯病原菌培养36h,柑橘溃疡病菌培养48h。将各个浓度的菌液在分光光度计上测定OD595值,并且另外测定对应浓度的含毒无菌NB液体培养基的OD595值。
校正OD值=含菌培养基OD值-无菌培养基OD值
抑制率%=[(校正后对照培养基菌液OD值-校正含毒培养基OD值)/校正后对照培养基菌液OD值]×100
本发明实施例辅以说明本发明的技术方案,但实施例的内容并不局限于此,部分目标化合物实验结果如表3-5所示。
表3含1,3,4-噁二唑基的咪唑(部分杂环)类化合物对植物病原细菌的抑制活性
从表3可以看出,化合物6具有良好的抗菌潜力,为了考察烷基链长度的变化、苯环上的取代基的变化是否会改变其生物活性效果。设计和合成了不同链长及含有各种取代基的目标化合物16-39。体外抗菌活性表4。
表4含1,3,4-噁二唑基的咪唑(部分杂环)类化合物对植物病原细菌的抑制活性
从表3中可以看出,在离体试验中,目标化合物对植物致病病原菌(如水稻白叶枯病菌、烟草青枯菌和柑橘溃疡病菌)表现出了良好的抑制活性。化合物18-34、36-40对水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo)表现出了极好的抑制活性,其EC50为0.168-19.1μg/mL;化合物18、20-33、37-40对柑橘溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodispv.citri,Xac)表现出了极好的抑制活性,其EC50为0.245-16.9μg/mL;可用于制备抗植物致病病原细菌农药。
药理实施例1:含1,3,4-噁二唑基的咪唑(部分杂环)类化合物的抗致病病原真菌应用,用于抗辣椒枯萎病原菌(F.oxysporum)、蓝莓根腐病原菌(P.cinnamomi)小麦赤霉病菌(G.zeae)、马铃薯晚疫病菌(P.infestans)、油菜菌核病原菌(S.sclerotiorum)、和火龙果炭疽病原菌(C.gloeosporioides)的试验方法。
在50μg/mL的浓度下,以多菌灵为对照药剂,选用6种致病病原真菌为供试对象,采用生长速率法对部分化合物进行了生物活性测试,其结果见表5,其中VT代表萎锈灵,HM代表恶霉灵,CB代表多菌灵。
表5含1,3,4-噁二唑基的咪唑(部分杂环)类化合物对植物病原真菌的抑制活性
从表5可以看出,测试结果表明,该系列化合物有一定的抗真菌活性,其中化合物20、21和29在浓度为50μg/mL下,对蓝莓根腐病菌的抑制率分别为71.9%、70.2%和71.0%;化合物22-24、26和9-32对油菜菌核病菌的抑制率分别为81.0%、78.2%、70.9%、70.2%、77.3%、76.4%、75.8%和77.4%。可见本发明的化合物完全可用于制备抗植物致病病原真菌农药。
Claims (6)
2.一种组合物,其特征在于含有权利要求1所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐,以及农业上可用的助剂或杀菌剂、杀虫剂或除草剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于所述组合物的剂型选自乳油、粉剂、颗粒剂、水剂、悬浮剂、超低容量喷雾剂、微胶囊剂、烟剂、水乳剂。
4.权利要求1所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐,或权利要求2或3所述的组合物在防治农业病虫害方面的用途,所述农业病虫害为水稻白叶枯病菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、辣椒枯萎病原菌、蓝莓根腐病原菌、小麦赤霉病菌、油菜菌核病原菌。
5.一种防治农业病虫害的方法,其特征在于:使权利要求1所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐,或权利要求2或3所述的组合物作用于有害物或其生活环境;所述农业病虫害为水稻白叶枯病菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、辣椒枯萎病原菌、蓝莓根腐病原菌、小麦赤霉病菌、油菜菌核病原菌。
6.用于保护植物免受农业病虫害侵害的方法,其包括使植物与权利要求1所述的化合物或其立体异构体、或其盐,或权利要求2或3所述的组合物接触的方法步骤。
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