CN109647415A - 一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法及应用,属于废物资源综合回收利用技术领域。本发明所述方法为将生物质进行粉碎,然后浸泡于含有硝酸铁和氯化锌的浸渍液中,常温下浸渍一段时间后过滤、干燥;取处理过后的物料置于通有保护气体的微波炉中,于600~900℃的条件下保温30~90min,自然冷却至室温得到碳基磁性光催化材料。本发明所述方法制备得到的碳基磁性光催化材料既可作为光催化剂来催化降解染料废水,还可作为吸附剂使用;并且吸附或光催化完成后后可在外加磁场环境中回收,可循环利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法及应用,属于废物资源综合回收利用技术领域。
背景技术
染料废水是印染工厂在经济生产时所产生以及排放的的废水。据目前有关的报道及公开数据,每处理加工一吨纺织产品耗水100〜200吨,其中用水的80%至90%将成为废水。有毒有害染料废水的最主要特点是水量大,破坏性强,碱性大等,属于工业废水中的难处理类型,成为当前相关地区废水污染的主要原因之一。废水中的染料能吸收光线,降低水体透明度,影响水生生物和微生物生长,不利于水体自净,同时易造成视觉上的污染。严重污染的水体会影响到人类的健康。因此,对染料的排出必须严格控制,尤其是对那些毒害严重的染料,如酞青铜盐类染料和一些偶氮类染料。
目前有许多处理染料废水的直接解决方案,如反渗透、化学氧化、膜过滤、臭氧化、降解、吸附。每种解决方案都有各自的优缺点。因此,选择一种效率高、操作方便、性价比高的方法是很重要的。与其他技术相比,吸附技术是去除有机染料的较好选择,具有吸附剂便宜、成本较低、操作简便等优点。它们是用多种方法在染料吸附过程中制备的多种吸附剂。为了使吸附技术更加经济、高效,选择合适的前驱体制备吸附剂是一个重要的环节。吸附剂一般采用可持续、廉价的前驱体来制备获得,如废活性炭、废橡胶轮胎、底灰、脱油大豆、农副产品。
我国每年产生大量的农林废弃物原材料,除少数当作燃料使用外,大部分被废弃或就地焚烧,已造成了严重的环境污染。生物质能是唯一可以提供含碳实物产品的可再生能源。将废弃的生物质转化为高品位的生物质燃料和碳基功能材料使用,具有重要的现实意义。目前采用农林废弃物来制备活性炭的方法分为物理法和化学法。化学方法是采用化学活化剂对其进行造孔;化学方法是采用化学活化剂对其进行造孔;其中氯化锌是一种常见的活化剂,现有技术采用氯化锌作为活化剂来制备活性炭的时候仅仅只是作为活化剂来使用,最终必须将得到的活性炭用含有盐酸的水溶液进行清洗,洗去活性炭表面的含锌化合物。
活性炭具有高比表面积、吸附性能好、易再生、表面含有丰富官能团、催化性能好和化学性能稳定等优点,在环保、国防、化工、食品等领域都得到了广泛的应用。但活性炭使用后的回收与利用是活性炭应用领域需要解决一个难题。目前,回收活性炭的方法主要有微孔过滤法、沉降法。其中微孔过滤不能选择性截留,建设成本、运行费用也比较高;沉降法只能回收大颗粒活性炭,且回收过程容易混入其它杂质。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法,实现一步法制备碳基磁性光催化材料,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将生物质进行粉碎(粒径为40-80目),然后浸泡于含有硝酸铁和氯化锌的浸渍液中,常温下浸渍一段时间后过滤、干燥;所述浸渍液中硝酸铁的浓度为110~220g/L, 氯化锌的浓度为300~666g/L。
(2)取处理过后的物料置于通有保护气体的微波炉中,于600~900℃的条件下保温30~90min,自然冷却至室温得到碳基磁性光催化材料,产生的尾气进行回收利用。
优选的,本发明步骤(1)中浸渍时间为48小时,在电阻箱100℃干燥24小时。
本发明所述生物质为稻壳、松木屑或紫茎泽兰等农林废弃物。
本发明所述方法制备得到的碳基磁性光催化材料用于处理染料废水,所述碳基磁性光催化材料作为光催化剂来催化降解染料废水,同时还可作为吸附剂使用。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明采用废弃的农林生物质浸渍于氯化锌和硝酸铁的合溶液中,一步法制备碳基磁性光催化材料,负载上的氧化锌和磁性颗粒分布均匀,制备过程简单,易操作。
(2)本发明制备得到的碳基磁性光催化材料具有磁性,且比表面积高达1374m2/g,可以作为吸附剂用于染料废水的处理过程中,并且处理完毕后可在外加磁场环境中回收,采用加热方法再生后可循环利用。
(3)本发明制备得到的碳基磁性光催化材料负载了氧化锌使其具有光催化的能力,可以通过光催化来降解有机染料。
(4)本发明所述方法在制备碳基磁性光催化材料同时对副产品尾气(一氧化碳和氢气的含量较高)进行回收利用,实现农林废弃物的综合利用,创造了额外的经济价值,提高了产品的高附加值,具有很强的现实意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1
一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:取60g的40-80目松木屑浸泡于270ml氯化锌和硝酸铁的水溶液中(溶液中氯化锌浓度为300g/L,硝酸铁浓度为110g/L);常温下浸渍48小时,过滤后在电阻箱100℃干燥24小时,取30g的物料置于通有保护气体的微波炉中,加热温度为800℃,保温时间为40min;同时通过冷凝装置对尾气进行冷凝处理得到生物质气;自然冷却至室温,取出样品用蒸馏水洗去样品中的杂质。
上述步骤中得到的碳基磁性光催化材料的比表面积为1152mg/g;磁性大小为5.6emu/g,在黑暗条件下对亚甲基蓝的吸附量为274.61mg/g,在紫外光照射下对浓度为50mg/L的亚甲基蓝的降解率为92.81%,生物质气中一氧化碳和氢气的总含量较高。
实施例2
一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:首先将稻壳粉碎后,取60g粉碎过后的40-80目的稻壳浸泡于270ml的氯化锌和硝酸铁的水溶液中(溶液中氯化锌浓度为500g/L,硝酸铁浓度为160g/L),常温下浸渍48小时,过滤后在电阻箱100℃干燥24小时,后取30g的物料置于通有保护气体的微波炉中,加热温度为900℃,保温时间为60min;同时通过冷凝装置对尾气进行冷凝处理得到生物质气;自然冷却至室温,取出样品用蒸馏水洗去样品中的杂质。
上述步骤中得到的碳基磁性光催化材料的比表面积为1258mg/,磁性大小为7.3emu/g,在黑暗条件下对亚甲基蓝的吸附量为316.04mg/g,在紫外光照射下对浓度为50mg/L的罗丹明B的降解率为97.42%;生物质气一氧化碳和氢气的总含量较高。
实施例3
一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:首先将紫茎泽兰粉碎后,取60g的60-80目的紫茎泽兰浸泡于270ml的氯化锌和硝酸铁的水溶液中(溶液中氯化锌浓度为666g/L,硝酸铁浓度为220g/L),常温下浸渍48小时,过滤后在电阻箱100℃干燥24小时,后取30g的物料置于通有保护气体的微波炉中,加热温度为700℃,保温时间为90min;同时通过冷凝装置对尾气进行冷凝处理得到生物质气;自然冷却至室温,取出样品用蒸馏水洗去样品中的杂质。
上述步骤中得到的碳基磁性光催化材料的比表面积为1374mg/g,磁性大小为9.3emu/g,对浓度为50mg/L的亚甲基蓝的降解率为98.51%,生物质气中一氧化碳和氢气的总含量较高。
本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (3)
1.一种碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将生物质进行粉碎,然后浸泡于含有硝酸铁和氯化锌的浸渍液中,常温下浸渍一段时间后过滤、干燥;所述浸渍液中硝酸铁的浓度为110~220g/L, 氯化锌的浓度为300~666g/L
(2)取处理过后的物料置于通有保护气体的微波炉中,于600~900℃的条件下保温30~90min,自然冷却至室温得到碳基磁性光催化材料,产生的尾气进行回收利用。
2.根据权利要求1所述碳基磁性光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中浸渍时间为48小时,在电阻箱100℃干燥24小时。
3.权利要求1或1所述方法制备得到的碳基磁性光催化材料用于处理染料废水,其特征在于:所述碳基磁性光催化材料作为光催化剂来催化降解染料废水,同时还可作为吸附剂使用。
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