CN109630335A - 双燃料喷射器、双燃料系统、内燃机以及操作内燃机的方法 - Google Patents

双燃料喷射器、双燃料系统、内燃机以及操作内燃机的方法 Download PDF

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CN109630335A
CN109630335A CN201811172697.5A CN201811172697A CN109630335A CN 109630335 A CN109630335 A CN 109630335A CN 201811172697 A CN201811172697 A CN 201811172697A CN 109630335 A CN109630335 A CN 109630335A
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valve
fuel
needle
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fuel injector
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J.弗洛卡
L.迈尔
H.沙尔
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
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    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
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    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
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    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
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    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
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    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
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    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
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    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
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    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0001—Fuel-injection apparatus with specially arranged lubricating system, e.g. by fuel oil
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Abstract

本发明涉及双燃料喷射器、双燃料系统、内燃机以及操作内燃机的方法。双燃料喷射器具有：第一和第二喷嘴阀，分别将第一和第二燃料引入各自气缸的燃烧室中。各自第二喷嘴阀的喷嘴针阀在各自针阀导向件中被导向，其中针阀导向件至少部分地限定针阀燃料室。每个第二喷嘴阀分配有一个开关阀，所述开关阀向各自第二喷嘴阀的各自针阀燃料室供给作为各自气缸的喷射周期的函数的第二燃料。各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀导向件至少部分地限定可被供给密封和润滑油的针阀润滑室，所述针阀润滑室与各自的针阀燃料室有一距离，所述距离的尺寸设定为当在各自的针阀燃料室中存在作为喷射周期的函数的第二燃料的燃料压力时，第二燃料不进入针阀润滑室的区域。

Description

双燃料喷射器、双燃料系统、内燃机以及操作内燃机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双燃料喷射器。此外，本发明还涉及双燃料系统、内燃机以及操作内燃机的方法。
背景技术
根据惯例完全已知双燃料发动机，其在第一运行模式中燃烧第一燃料并在第二运行模式中燃烧第二燃料。在第一运行模式中燃烧的燃料优选的是液体燃料，例如柴油。在第二运行模式中燃烧的第二燃料可以是气体燃料或者也是液体燃料，例如甲醇。在第二运行模式中，第一燃料优选地用于点燃第二燃料。本文提出的本发明尤其涉及双燃料内燃机，其在每种情况下作为第一燃料和作为第二燃料都燃烧液体燃料。
双燃料内燃机包括双燃料系统，其对于内燃机的每个气缸包括双燃料喷射器。根据惯例已知的双燃料喷射器典型地包括第一喷嘴阀和多个第二喷嘴阀，其中第一喷嘴阀用做将第一燃料引入各自气缸的燃烧室，并且其中第二喷嘴阀用做将第二燃料引入各自气缸的燃烧室。如已经说明的，第一燃料尤其是柴油，第二燃料尤其是甲醇、或者是乙醇或LPG。
在各自喷嘴阀的区域中，尤其在各第二喷嘴阀的区域中，各自喷嘴阀的喷嘴针阀在喷嘴阀的针阀导向件中被导向，其中各自喷嘴阀的喷嘴针阀的针阀导向件至少部分地限定针阀燃料室。各自喷嘴阀的各自针阀燃料室可通过供给管线供给具有限定的燃料压力的各自燃料。这既应用在第一喷嘴阀区域中，也应用在第二喷嘴阀区域中。
通过第一喷嘴阀可引入各自气缸的燃烧室的柴油燃料可以承担对于各自喷嘴针阀的润滑功能，而且柴油燃料是无毒的。相比之下，通过第二喷嘴阀可引入各自气缸的燃烧室的甲醇一方面不能承担润滑功能，并另一方面是有毒的，从而根据惯例通常是用密封和润滑油供给在所述第二喷嘴阀或每个第二喷嘴阀的区域中的各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀导向件，以便在一方面避免第二燃料通过针阀导向件泄露到周围环境，并在另一方面润滑针阀导向件中的各自喷嘴针阀。
在根据惯例已知的双燃料喷射器中，第二燃料的燃料压力在内燃机的第二操作模式中永久存在于各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀燃料室中，其可以等于几百巴，尤其在大致600巴的数量级。由于此原因，在根据惯例已知的双燃料喷射器中必须提供具有高于第二燃料的燃料压力的压力的密封和润滑油，因此双燃料喷射器不得不被供给在高压力下的密封和润滑油。这是复杂的且是不利的。
DE10 2014 014 452B4公开了根据现有技术的带有用于第一燃料的第一喷嘴阀和用于第二燃料的多个第二喷嘴阀的双燃料喷射器。
发明内容
由此着手，本发明基于创造一种新型的双燃料喷射器、双燃料系统、内燃机以及操作内燃机的方法的目的。
此目的通过根据权利要求1的双燃料喷射器来解决。根据本发明，所述或各第二喷嘴阀被分配有开关阀，该开关阀通过供给管线作为各自气缸的喷射周期的函数向各自第二喷嘴阀的各自针阀燃料室供给第二燃料，从而第二燃料的喷射压力作为喷射周期的函数存在于针阀燃料室中。各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀导向件至少部分地限定针阀润滑室，针阀润滑室可被供给有密封和润滑油，针阀润滑室距各自针阀燃料室有一定距离，该距离尺寸设定为使得尤其当在各自针阀燃料室中第二燃料的燃料压力作为喷射周期的函数存在时，第二燃料不进入针阀润滑室的区域。
由于在根据本发明的双燃料喷射器中第二燃料作为各自气缸的喷射周期的函数被供给到各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀燃料室，从而因此第二燃料的燃料压力不永久地存在于各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀燃料室中，而是仅仅作为各自喷射周期的函数而存在的事实，正如由于在针阀燃料室和供给以密封和润滑油的针阀润滑室之间的距离以限定的方式设定尺寸的事实，可以忽略在高压下的密封和润滑油。
与此相反，尤其在第二运行模式中当密封和润滑油的油压低于第二燃料的燃料压力时，也可以以其全部保证油的密封功能和润滑功能。对于在各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀燃料室和针阀润滑室之间的距离被尺寸设定为使得，尤其当在各自针阀燃料室中第二燃料的燃料压力高于密封和润滑油的油压而存在时，第二燃料不进入针阀润滑室的区域。在这种情况下，密封和润滑油的密封和润滑功能可以以其全部被提供。
根据本发明的有利的进一步改进，双燃料喷射器包括多个第二喷嘴阀，其中第二喷嘴阀被分配有一个公共的开关阀。这对于双燃料喷射器的简单设计实施例是有利的。
根据有利的进一步改进，开关阀布置在双燃料喷射器的基体的外部。这使简单地替换开关阀成为可能。
双燃料系统在权利要求7中限定，内燃机在权利要求9中限定。用于操作内燃机的方法在权利要求10中限定。
附图说明
本文提出的本发明的优选的进一步改进从从属权利要求和下列描述中获得。本发明的示例实施例通过附图更详细地被说明，而不限制于此。附图示出：
图1是双燃料系统的框图；
图2是从双燃料系统的双燃料喷射器在第二喷嘴阀的区域中在其关闭状态下的节取；和
图3是图2在第二喷嘴阀的打开状态下的节取。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及双燃料喷射器、双燃料系统和具有这样的双燃料喷射器的内燃机，以及用于操作双燃料内燃机的方法。
图1高度示意性地示出从双燃料内燃机1或双燃料内燃机1的双燃料系统在内燃机的气缸2的区域中的节取。示出气缸2的气缸盖3和活塞4，其中气缸盖2和活塞4部分地限定了各自气缸2的燃烧室5的边界。
气缸盖3接收对于各自气缸2的双燃料喷射器6，其中在所示的示例实施例中，双燃料喷射器6包括第一喷嘴阀7，第一燃料8通过第一喷嘴阀7可以被引入气缸2的燃烧室5中，并其中双燃料喷射器6包括多个第二喷嘴阀9，第二燃料10通过第二喷嘴阀9可以被引入气缸2的燃烧室5中。
第一燃料8是第一液体燃料，尤其是柴油。第二燃料10也是液体燃料，尤其是甲醇或乙醇或LPG（液化石油气）。
在第一燃料供给系统11的帮助下，各自气缸2的双燃料喷射器6的第一喷嘴阀7可被供给第一燃料，其中第一燃料在第一燃料供给系统11的第一燃料箱12中处于准备就绪的状态，并从第一燃料箱12，可以通过各自第一燃料泵13被供给到各自气缸2，即，各自气缸2的各自双燃料喷射器6。各自第一燃料泵13可以是所谓的气缸独立的插入式泵，其提供具有第一燃料压力的第一燃料，例如，第一燃料压力为至少1500巴，或在1500巴到2500巴的数量级。
各自气缸2的双燃料喷射器6的第二喷嘴阀9通过第二燃料供给系统14可被供给第二燃料，其中第二燃料在第二燃料供给系统14的第二燃料箱15中准备就绪。第二燃料供给系统14的第二燃料泵16将来自第二燃料箱15的第二燃料输送到燃料储存单元17，其中燃料以第二燃料压力准备就绪，尤其在大约600巴数量级的燃料压力。来自该储存单元17，第二燃料可被供给到第二喷嘴阀9，其中开关阀18被联接在储存单元17和各自双燃料喷射器6的第二喷嘴阀9之间，该开关阀18不永久地向第二喷嘴阀7提供具有第二燃料压力的第二燃料，但只是在第二喷嘴阀9实际上将第二燃料10喷射到各自气缸2的燃烧室5中的时间中作为各自气缸的喷射周期的函数提供第二燃料。
此外图1示出了具有用于密封和润滑油的贮存器20的密封和润滑油系统19，密封和润滑油可被提供到双燃料喷射器6，尤其用于在各自双燃料喷射器6的喷嘴阀的区域中承担密封和润滑功能。
图2和3示出了在第二喷嘴阀9的区域中从双燃料喷射器6的节取，第二喷嘴阀用于将第二燃料喷射入各自气缸2的燃烧室5，其中在图2中所示的第二喷嘴阀9是关闭的，在图3中第二喷嘴阀9是打开的。
因此，图2和3中示出的双燃料喷射器6的第二喷嘴阀9包括喷嘴针阀21，喷嘴针阀21在针阀导向件22中可上下移动地被引导，其中此针阀导向件22由双燃料喷射器6的基体23提供。
各自第二喷嘴阀9的针阀导向件22至少部分地限定针阀燃料室24，该针阀燃料室24可被供给第二燃料，即通过各自开关阀18和供给管线25作为喷射周期的函数被供给第二燃料，用于第二燃料的供给管线25从气缸2的或双燃料喷射器6的开关阀18引导到各自针阀燃料室24。
如已经说明的，被分配给双燃料喷射器6的所述或每个第二喷嘴阀9的开关阀18不向各自第二针阀9的各自针阀燃料室24供给第二燃料，而是仅仅作为各自气缸2的喷射周期的函数供给，从而第二燃料的燃料压力作为各自气缸2的喷射周期的函数存在于针阀燃料室24中，即，尤其当根据图3的各自第二喷嘴阀9被打开时，即当喷嘴针阀21的周线26抬离针阀导向件22的相应阀座27时。相比之下，尤其当根据图2各自第二喷嘴阀9由于喷嘴针阀21的周线26抵靠针阀导向件22的阀座27的事实而被关闭时，开关阀18被关闭从而针阀燃料室24于是不通过供给管线25被供给第二燃料，并因此第二燃料的燃料压力于是不存在于针阀燃料室24中。
在图3中，以连续画出的带箭头的线示出当第二喷嘴阀9打开时的第二燃料的流动，其从打开的开关阀18开始，因此通过供给管线25被供给到针阀燃料室24，并随着喷嘴针阀21抬离阀座27而通过在双燃料喷射器6的基体23中的孔28可引入各自气缸2的燃烧室5。与此相比，图3以点划线示出当各自第二喷嘴阀9在各自针阀燃料室24中关闭时，不供给第二燃料，因为在这种情况下开关阀18被关闭从而当各自第二喷嘴阀9在各自针阀燃料室24中关闭时于是不存在第二燃料的燃料压力。在图3的状态中，密封和润滑油可以流入针阀燃料室24的区域中。
根据图2和3，此外各自第二喷嘴阀9的针阀导向件22至少部分地限定可被供给密封和润滑油的针阀润滑室29的边界。根据图2和3所示的带箭头的虚线，各自针阀润滑室29可供给有来自密封和润滑油系统19的油箱20的密封和润滑油，以便在一方面润滑在各自针阀导向件22中的各自密封针阀21，并在另一方面避免第二燃料可以通过针阀导向件22泄露到周围环境。
这里，沿着双燃料喷射器6的各自第二喷嘴阀9的喷嘴针阀21的轴向方向或移动方向看，在针阀燃料室24和针阀润滑室29之间的距离X尺寸设定为使得尤其当在针阀燃料室24中第二燃料的燃料压力（见图3）作为喷射周期的函数存在时，来自针阀燃料室24的第二燃料可以通过针阀导向件22在针阀润滑室29的方向上迁移，然而不进入针阀润滑室29的区域中，从而因此密封和润滑油不能从针阀润滑室29排出，甚至尤其当其压力低于第二燃料的燃料压力时。
利用根据本发明的双燃料喷射器6，所述或每个第二喷嘴阀9因此被分配有开关阀18，以便使第二燃料对于各自针阀燃料室24是作为各自气缸2的喷射周期的函数可获得的，从而因此在针阀燃料室24中的第二燃料的燃料压力不是永久存在的，而是只作为各自的喷射周期的函数而存在。距针阀燃料室24具有限定的距离X的针阀润滑室29被永久地供给密封和润滑油，该密封和润滑油的油压低于第二燃料的燃料压力。典型地，第二燃料的燃料压力大约是600巴，密封和润滑油的油压小于100巴，例如大约10巴。由于在针阀燃料室24和针阀润滑室29之间的限定距离X，尤其是当作为喷射周期的函数的第二燃料的燃料压力存在于针阀燃料室24中时，第二燃料的确可以在针阀润滑室29的方向上迁移，但不进入针阀润滑室29的区域并因此不从针阀润滑室29排出密封和润滑油。因此，在针阀燃料室24和针阀润滑室29之间的距离X的尺寸设定为喷射周期的函数，并还优选地设定为在密封和润滑油的油压和第二燃料的燃料压力之间的压差的函数。
如已经说明的，双燃料喷射器6优选地包括第一中央的第一喷嘴阀7和定位在第一喷嘴阀7周围的多个第二喷嘴阀9。各自气缸2的双燃料喷射器6的多个第二喷嘴阀9分配有共同的开关阀18，该开关阀18布置在双燃料喷射器6的基体23外部并因此可以容易地被替换。
附图标号列表
1 内燃机
2 气缸
3 气缸盖
4 活塞
5 燃烧室
6 双燃料喷射器
7 喷嘴阀
8 第一燃料
9 喷嘴阀
10 第二燃料
11 燃料供给系统
12 箱
13 燃料泵
14 燃料供给系统
15 箱
16 燃料泵
17 箱
18 开关阀
19 密封和润滑油系统
20 箱
21 喷嘴针阀
22 针阀导向件
23 基体
24 针阀燃料室
25 供给管线
26 周线
27 阀座
28 孔
29 针阀润滑室

Claims (10)

1.一种用于内燃机（1）的气缸（2）的双燃料喷射器（6），其具有：
至少一个第一喷嘴阀（7），通过该第一喷嘴阀，第一燃料，特别是柴油，能引入各自气缸（2）的燃烧室（5）中；以及至少一个第二喷嘴阀（9），通过该第二喷嘴阀，第二燃料，特别是甲醇，能引入各自气缸（2）的燃烧室（5）中，
其中在所述或每个第二喷嘴阀（9）的区域中，各自第二喷嘴阀（9）的喷嘴针阀（21）在各自第二喷嘴阀的针阀导向件（22）中被导向，其中针阀导向件（22）至少部分地限定针阀燃料室（24），所述针阀燃料室通过供给管线（25）能被供给具有限定的燃料压力的第二燃料，
其中在所述或每个第二喷嘴阀（9）的区域中，各自第二喷嘴阀（9）的针阀导向件（22）能被供给密封和润滑油以便一方面避免第二燃料通过针阀导向件（22）泄露到周围环境，另一方面润滑在针阀导向件（22）中的各自喷嘴针阀（21），其特征在于，
所述或每个第二喷嘴阀（9）分配有开关阀（18），所述开关阀通过供给管线（25）向各自第二喷嘴阀（9）的各自针阀燃料室（24）供给作为各自气缸（2）的喷射周期的函数的第二燃料，从而第二燃料的燃料压力作为喷射周期的函数存在于针阀燃料室（24）中，
各自第二喷嘴阀（9）的针阀导向件（22）至少部分地限定可被供给密封和润滑油的针阀润滑室（29），所述针阀润滑室与各自的针阀燃料室（24）有距离（X），所述距离的尺寸设定为使得尤其当在各自的针阀燃料室（24）中存在作为喷射周期的函数的燃料压力时，第二燃料不进入针阀润滑室（29）的区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双燃料喷射器，其特征在于所述双燃料喷射器包括单个中央的第一喷嘴阀（7）。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双燃料喷射器，其特征在于所述双燃料喷射器包括多个第二喷嘴阀（9）。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双燃料喷射器，其特征在于所述第二喷嘴阀（9）围绕第一喷嘴阀（7）布置。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的双燃料喷射器，其特征在于所述第二喷嘴阀（9）分配有一个共用的开关阀（18）。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的双燃料喷射器，其特征在于所述开关阀（18）布置在双燃料喷射器（6）的基体（23）外部。
7.一种内燃机的双燃料系统，
对于内燃机的每个气缸（2）每个双燃料系统具有根据权利要求1至6中任一项的双燃料喷射器（6），
具有第一燃料供给系统（11），通过该第一燃料供给系统，第一燃料能被供给到各自的双燃料喷射器（6），
具有第二燃料供给系统（14），通过该第二燃料供给系统，第二燃料能被供给到各自的双燃料喷射器（6），
具有密封和润滑油系统（19），通过该密封和润滑油系统，各自的双燃料喷射器（6）能被供给密封和润滑油。
8.根据权利要求7所述的双燃料系统，其特征在于第二燃料供给系统（14）提供具有限定的燃料压力的第二燃料，
所述密封和润滑油系统（19）提供具有小于第二燃料的燃料压力的限定的油压的密封和润滑油。
9.一种内燃机，其具有：
至少一个气缸（2）；
根据权利要求7或8所述的双燃料系统。
10.一种用于操作根据权利要求9所述的内燃机的方法，其中第二喷嘴阀或每个第二喷嘴阀（9）被供给作为各自气缸（2）的喷射周期的函数的第二燃料。
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