FI129990B - Dual-fuel injector, dual-fuel system, internal combustion engine and method for operating the same - Google Patents

Dual-fuel injector, dual-fuel system, internal combustion engine and method for operating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
FI129990B
FI129990B FI20185834A FI20185834A FI129990B FI 129990 B FI129990 B FI 129990B FI 20185834 A FI20185834 A FI 20185834A FI 20185834 A FI20185834 A FI 20185834A FI 129990 B FI129990 B FI 129990B
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Finland
Prior art keywords
fuel
needle
dual
chamber
nozzle
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FI20185834A
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Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
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FI20185834A1 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Maier
Johann Wloka
Holger Schaar
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Man Energy Solutions Se
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Publication of FI20185834A1 publication Critical patent/FI20185834A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0689—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0694—Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
    • F02M21/0212—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene comprising at least 3 C-Atoms, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], propane or butane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026—Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263—Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0064—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1873—Valve seats or member ends having circumferential grooves or ridges, e.g. toroidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0001—Fuel-injection apparatus with specially arranged lubricating system, e.g. by fuel oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
    • F02D19/0652—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils
    • F02D19/0655—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils at least one fuel being an alcohol, e.g. ethanol
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/16—Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

A dual-fuel injector for a cylinder (2) of an internal combustion engine (1), with at least one first nozzle valve (7), via which a first fuel, in particular diesel, is introducible into a combustion chamber (5) of the respective cylinder (2), and with at least one second nozzle valve (9), via which a second fuel, in particular methanol, is introducible into the combustion chamber (5) of the respective cylinder (2), wherein in the region of the or each second nozzle valve (9) a nozzle needle of the respective second nozzle valve (9) is guided in a needle guide of the same, wherein the needle guide defines a needle fuel chamber, which is suppliable with the second fuel with a defined fuel pressure via a supply line, at least in sections, wherein in the region of the or each second nozzle valve (9) the needle guide of the respective second nozzle valve (9) is suppliable with a sealing and lubricating oil in order to avoid, on the one hand, the second fuel escaping into the surroundings via the needle guide and on the other hand lubricate the respective nozzle needle in the needle guide, wherein the or each second nozzle valve (9) is assigned a switching valve (18), which supplies the respective needle fuel chamber of the respective second nozzle valve (9) with the second fuel as a function of an injection cycle of the respective cylinder (2) via the supply line, so that the fuel pressure of the second fuel is present in the needle fuel chamber as a function of the injection cycle, and wherein the needle guide of the respective second nozzle valve (9) defines a needle lubricating chamber suppliable by the sealing and lubricating oil at least in sections, which has a distance from the respective needle fuel chamber that is dimensioned in such a manner that in particular when in the respective needle fuel chamber the fuel pressure of the second fuel as a function of the injection cycle is present, the second fuel does not enter the region of the needle lubricating chamber.

Description

MAN Diesel & Turbo SE
DUAL-FUEL INJECTOR, DUAL-FUEL SYSTEM, INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME
The invention relates to a dual-fuel injector. The invention, furthermore, relates to a dual-fuel system, an internal combustion engine and a method for operating the same.
Dual-fuel internal combustion engines, which in a first operating mode combust a first fuel and in a second operating mode a second fuel, are thoroughly known from practice. The fuel combusted in the first operating mode is preferentially a liquid fuel such as for example diesel. The second fuel combusted in the second operating mode can either be a gaseous fuel or also a liguid fuel, such as for example methanol. In the second operating mode, the first fuel is preferentially utilised for igniting the second fuel. The invention present here relates in particular to a dual-fuel internal combustion engine which as first fuel and as second fuel combusts a liquid fuel in each case.
A dual-fuel internal combustion engine comprises a dual-fuel system which comprises a dual-fuel injector for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
N Dual-fuel injectors known from practice typically
N comprise a first nozzle valve and multiple second 3 nozzle valves, wherein the first nozzle valve serves 2 for introducing the first fuel into a combustion z chamber of the respective cylinder, and wherein the 3 second nozzle valves serve for introducing the second 2 fuel into the combustion chamber of the respective o cylinder. As already explained, the first fuel is in
N particular diesel and the second fuel in particular methanol, alternatively ethanol or LPG.
In the region of the respective nozzle valve, in particular in the region of each second nozzle valve, a nozzle needle of the respective nozzle valve is guided in a needle guide of the same, wherein the needle guide of the nozzle needle of the respective nozzle valve defines a needle fuel chamber at least in sections. The respective needle fuel chamber of the respective nozzle valve is suppliable with the respective fuel with a defined fuel pressure via a supply line. This applies both in the region of the first nozzle valve and also in the region of the second nozzle valve.
Diesel fuel, which via the first nozzle valve is introducible into the combustion chamber of the respective cylinder can assume a lubricating function for the respective nozzle needle, which diesel fuel moreover is non-toxic. Methanol, by contrast, which is introducible via the second nozzle valves into the combustion chamber of the respective cylinder cannot assume a lubrication function on the one hand and is toxic on the other hand, so that it is usual from practice to supply the needle guide of the respective second nozzle valve in the region of the or each second nozzle valve with a sealing and lubricating oil in order to avoid on the one hand that the second fuel escapes via the needle guide into the surroundings and on the other hand lubricate the respective nozzle
N needle in the needle guide.
N
3 In dual-fuel injectors known from practice, a fuel 2 pressure of the second fuel is permanently present in z the second operating mode of the internal combustion 3 engine in the needle fuel chamber of the respective 2 second nozzle valve, which can amount to several o hundred bar, in particular in the order of magnitude of
N approximately 600 bar. For this reason it is necessary in dual-fuel injectors known from practice to provide the sealing and lubricating oil with a pressure that is above the fuel pressure of the second fuel, that accordingly the dual-fuel injector has to be supplied with a sealing and lubricating oil that is under high pressure. This is complicated and disadvantageous.
DE 10 2014 014 452 B4 discloses a dual-fuel injector according to the prior art with a first nozzle valve for a first fuel and multiple second nozzle valves for a second fuel.
Starting out from this, the present invention is based on the object of creating a new type of dual-fuel injector, a dual-fuel system, an internal combustion engine and a method for operating the internal combustion engine.
This object is solved through a dual-fuel injector according to Claim 1. According to the invention, the or each second nozzle valve is assigned a switching valve, which supplies the respective needle fuel chamber of the respective second nozzle valve with the second fuel as a function of an injection cycle of the respective cylinder via the supply line, so that the fuel pressure of the second fuel is present in the needle fuel chamber as a function of the injection cycle. The needle guide of the respective second nozzle
N valve defines, at least in sections, a needle
N lubricating chamber that can be supplied with the 3 sealing and lubricating oil, which has a distance from
S the respective needle fuel chamber that is dimensioned = in such a manner that in particular when in the 3 respective needle fuel chamber the fuel pressure of the 2 second fuel is present as a function of the injection o cycle, the second fuel does not enter the region of the
N needle lubricating chamber.
Because of the fact that in the dual-fuel injector according to the invention the second fuel is supplied to the needle fuel chamber of the respective second nozzle valve as a function of the injection cycle of the respective cylinder, so that accordingly the fuel pressure of the second fuel is not permanently present in the needle fuel chamber of the respective second nozzle valve but merely as a function of the respective injection cycle, just as because of the fact that the distance between the needle fuel chamber and the needle lubricating chamber supplied with the sealing and lubricating oil is dimensioned in a defined manner, a sealing and lubricating oil under high pressure can be omitted.
On the contrary, the sealing function and lubricating function of the oil can also be ensured in its entirety in particular when the oil pressure of the sealing and lubricating oil is below the fuel pressure of the second fuel in the second operating mode. For the distance between the needle fuel chamber and the needle lubricating chamber of the respective second nozzle valve is dimensioned in such a manner that in particular when in the respective needle fuel chamber the fuel pressure of the second fuel is present, which is higher than the oil pressure of the sealing and lubricating oil, the second fuel does not enter the
N region of the needle lubricating chamber. Insofar, the
N sealing and lubricating function of the sealing and 3 lubricating oil can be provided in its entirety.
N
= According to an advantageous further development of the 3 invention, the dual-fuel injector comprises multiple 2 second nozzle valves wherein the second nozzle valves o are assigned a common switching valve. This is
N advantageous for a simple design embodiment of the dual-fuel injector.
According to an advantageous further development, the switching valve is arranged outside a basic body of the dual-fuel injector. This makes it possible to simply replace the switching valve.
The dual-fuel system is defined in Claim 7 and the internal combustion engine is defined in Claim 9. The method for operating the internal combustion engine is defined in Claim 10.
Preferred further developments of the invention are obtained from the subclaims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail by way of the drawing without being restricted to this. There it shows:
Fig. 1: a block diagram of a dual-fuel system,
Fig. 2: an extract from a dual-fuel injector of the dual-fuel system in the region of a second nozzle valve in the closed state of the same; and
Fig. 3: the extract of Fig. 2 in the opened state of the second nozzle valve.
The invention present here relates to a dual-fuel
N injector, to a dual-fuel system and to an internal
N combustion engine having such dual-fuel injectors and 3 to methods for operating a dual-fuel internal
Q combustion engine. = 3 Fig. 1 shows highly schematically an extract from a 2 dual-fuel internal combustion engine 1 or a dual-fuel o system of the same in the region of a cylinder 2 of the
N internal combustion engine. Of the cylinder 2, a cylinder head 3 and a piston 4 are shown, wherein cylinder head 2 and piston 4 delimit a combustion chamber 5 of the respective cylinder 2 in sections.
The «cylinder head 3 receives for the respective cylinder 2 a dual-fuel injector 6, wherein in the shown exemplary embodiment the dual-fuel injector 6 comprises a first nozzle valve 7, via which a first fuel 8 can be introduced into the combustion chamber 5 of the cylinder 2, and wherein the dual-fuel injector 6 comprises multiple second nozzle valves 9, via which a second fuel 10 can be introduced into the combustion chamber 5 of the cylinder 2.
The first fuel 8 is a first liquid fuel, in particular diesel. The second fuel 10 is also a liquid fuel, in particular methanol or ethanol or LPG (liquid petroleum gas) .
The first nozzle valve 7 of the dual-fuel injector 6 of the respective cylinder 2 is suppliable with the first fuel with the help of a first fuel supply system 11, wherein the first fuel is kept ready in a first fuel tank 12 of the first fuel supply system 11 and, emanating from the first fuel tank 12, can be supplied via a respective first fuel pump 13 to the respective cylinder 2, namely the respective dual-fuel injector 6 of the respective cylinder 2. The respective first fuel
N pump 13 can be a so-called cylinder-individual plug-in
N pump, which provides the first fuel with a first fuel 3 pressure, which for example is in the order of
Q magnitude of at least 1,500 bar, or between 1,500 bar = to 2,500 bar. a 3 The second nozzle valves 9 of the dual-fuel injector © o of the respective cylinder 2 are suppliable with the
N second fuel via a second fuel supply system 14, wherein the second fuel is kept ready in a second fuel tank 15 of the second fuel supply system 14. A second fuel pump 16 of the second fuel supply system 14 delivers the second fuel emanating from the second fuel tank 15 into a fuel storage unit 17, in which the fuel is kept ready with a second fuel pressure, which in particular is of the order of magnitude of approximately 600 bar.
Emanating from this storage unit 17, the second fuel can be supplied to the second nozzle valves 9, wherein between the storage unit 17 and the second nozzle valves 9 of the respective dual-fuel injector 6 a switching valve 18 is coupled, which does not permanently provide the second nozzle valves 7 with the second fuel with the second fuel pressure but merely as a function of the injection cycle of the respective cylinder in the times in which the second nozzle valves 9 actually inject the second fuel 10 into the combustion chamber 5 of the respective cylinder 2.
Fig. 1, furthermore, shows a sealing and lubricating oil system 19 with a reservoir 20 for sealing and lubricating oil, which can be provided to the dual-fuel injector 6, in particular for assuming sealing and lubricating functions in the region of the nozzle valves of the respective dual-fuel injector 6.
Fig. 2 and 3 show an extract from the dual-fuel injector 6 in the region of a second nozzle valve 9,
N which serves for injecting the second fuel into the
N combustion chamber 5 of the respective cylinder 2, 3 wherein in Fig. 2 the shown second nozzle valve 9 is
S closed and in Fig. 3 the same is opened. = 3 Accordingly, the second nozzle valve 9 of the dual-fuel 2 injector 6 shown in Fig. 2 and 3 comprises a nozzle o needle 21 which is moveably guided up and down in a
N needle guide 22, wherein this needle guide 22 is provided by a basic body 23 of the dual-fuel injector
6. The needle guide 22 of the respective second nozzle valve 9 defines at least in sections a needle fuel chamber 24, which is suppliable with the second fuel, namely as a function of the injection cycle via the respective switching valve 18 and a supply line 25 for the second fuel leading from the switching valve 18 of the cylinder 2 or of the dual-fuel injector 6 to the respective needle fuel chamber 24.
As already explained, the switching valve 18, which is assigned to the or each second nozzle valve 9 of the dual-fuel injector 6, does not supply the respective needle fuel chamber 24 of the respective second needle valve 9 with the second fuel but merely as a function of the injection cycle of the respective cylinder 2, so that the fuel pressure of the second fuel is present in the needle fuel chamber 24 as a function of the injection cycle of the respective cylinder 2, i.e. in particular when the respective second nozzle valve 9 according to Fig. 3 is opened, i.e. when a contour 26 of the nozzle needle 21 is lifted off the corresponding valve seat 27 of the needle guide 22. In particular when, by contrast, according to Fig. 2, the respective second nozzle valve 9 1s closed because of the fact that the contour 26 of the nozzle needle 21 lies against the valve seat 27 of the needle guide 22, the switching valve 18 is closed so that the needle fuel
N chamber 24 is then not provided with a second fuel via
N the supply line 25 and accordingly the fuel pressure of 3 the second fuel is then not present in the needle fuel
S chamber 24. = 3 In Fig. 3, the flow of the second fuel with opened 2 second nozzle valve 9 is shown in continuously drawn o arrow lines, which, emanating from the opened switching
N valve 18, is accordingly supplied to the needle fuel chamber 24 via the supply line 25 and is introducible with the nozzle needle 21 lifted off the valve seat 27 via an orifice 28 in the basic body 23 of the dual-fuel injector 6 into the combustion chamber 5 of the respective cylinder 2. Compared with this, Fig. 3 shows in dash-dotted lines that with the respective closed second nozzle valve 9 in the respective needle fuel chamber 24 the second fuel is not supplied, since in this case the switching valve 18 is closed so that with closed second nozzle valve 9 in the needle fuel chamber 24 the fuel pressure of the second fuel is then not present. In the state of Fig. 3, the sealing and lubricating oil can flow into the region of the needle fuel chamber 24.
According to Fig. 2 and 3, the needle guide 22 of the respective second nozzle valve 9 delimits, furthermore, a needle lubricating chamber 29 that is suppliable with the sealing and lubricating oil at least in sections.
According to the dashed arrow lines shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the respective needle lubricating chamber 29 is suppliable with the sealing and lubricating oil emanating from the oil tank 20 of the sealing and lubricating oil system 19 in order to lubricate on the one hand the respective sealing needle 21 in the respective needle guide 22 and on the other hand avoid that second fuel can escape into the surroundings via the needle guide 22.
S
N Here, seen in the axial direction or movement direction 3 of the nozzle needle 21 of the respective second nozzle
S valve 9 of the dual-fuel injector 6 a distance X = between the needle fuel chamber 24 and the needle 3 lubricating chamber 29 is dimensioned in such a manner 2 that in particular when in the needle fuel chamber 24 o the fuel pressure of the second fuel (see Fig. 3) is
N present as a function of the injection cycle, the second fuel, emanating from the needle fuel chamber 24 can migrate via the needle guide 22 in the direction of the needle lubricating chamber 29 however does not enter the region of the needle lubricating chamber 29, so that accordingly the sealing and lubricating oil cannot be displaced from the needle lubricating chamber 29 even in particular when its pressure is lower than the fuel pressure of the second fuel.
With the dual-fuel injector 6 according to the invention, the or each second nozzle valve 9 is accordingly assigned a switching valve 18, in order to make the second fuel available to the respective needle fuel chamber 24 as a function of the injection cycle of the respective cylinder 2, so that accordingly the fuel pressure of the second fuel in the needle fuel chamber 24 is not permanently present but merely as a function of the respective injection cycle. The needle lubricating chamber 29, which has the defined distance
X from the needle fuel chamber 24, is permanently supplied with sealing and lubricating oil the oil pressure of which is lower than the fuel pressure of the second fuel. Typically, the fuel pressure of the second fuel is approximately 600 bar and the oil pressure of the sealing and lubricating oil less than 100 bar, for example approximately 10 bar. Because of the defined distance X between the needle fuel chamber 24 and the needle lubricating chamber 29, the second
N fuel, in particular when as a function of the injection
N cycle the fuel pressure of the second fuel is present 3 in the needle fuel chamber 24, can indeed migrate in
S the direction of the needle lubricating chamber 29, but z not enter the region of the needle lubricating chamber 3 29 and accordingly not displace the sealing and 2 lubricating oil from the needle lubricating chamber 29. o Accordingly, the distance X between the needle fuel
N chamber 24 and the needle lubricating chamber 29 is dimensioned as a function of the injection cycle and preferentially also as a function of a pressure differential between the oil pressure of the sealing and lubricating oil and the fuel pressure of the second fuel.
As already explained, the dual-fuel injector 6 preferentially comprises a first central first nozzle valve 7 and multiple second nozzle valves 9, which are positioned about the first nozzle valve 7. The multiple second nozzle valves 9 of the dual-fuel injector 6 of the respective cylinder 2 are assigned a common switching valve 18, which is arranged outside the basic body 23 of the dual-fuel injector 6 and can thus be easily replaced.
N
N
O
N
© <Q 0)
N
I jami a < 0 00
LO
00
O
N
List of reference numbers 1 Internal combustion engine 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder head 4 Piston
Combustion chamber 6 Dual-fuel injector 7 Nozzle valve 8 First fuel 9 Nozzle valve
Second fuel 11 Fuel supply system 12 Reservoir 13 Fuel pump 14 Fuel supply system
Reservoir 16 Fuel pump 17 Reservoir 18 Switching valve 19 Sealing and lubricating oil system
Reservoir 21 Nozzle needle 22 Needle guide 23 Basic body 24 Needle fuel chamber
Supply line a 26 Contour
N 27 Valve seat 3 28 Orifice
S 29 Needle lubricating chamber = a 3 co
N

Claims (10)

1. A dual-fuel injector (6) for a cylinder (2) of an internal combustion engine (1), with at least one first nozzle valve (7), via which a first fuel, in particular diesel, is introducible into a combustion chamber (5) of the respective cylinder (2), and with at least one second nozzle valve (9), via which a second fuel, in particular methanol, is introducible into the combustion chamber (5) of the respective cylinder (2), wherein in the region of the or each second nozzle valve (9) a nozzle needle (21) of the respective second nozzle valve (9) is guided in a needle guide (22) of the same, wherein the needle guide (22) defines, at least in sections, a needle fuel chamber (24), which is suppliable with the second fuel with a defined fuel pressure via a supply line (25), wherein in the region of the or each second nozzle valve (9) the needle guide (22) of the respective second nozzle valve (9) is suppliable with a sealing and lubricating oil in order to avoid on N the one hand the second fuel escaping into the N surroundings via the needle guide (22) and on the 3 other hand lubricate the respective nozzle needle S (21) in the needle guide (22), characterized in = that a < 2 the or each second nozzle valve (9) is assigned a o switching valve (18), which supplies the N respective needle fuel chamber (24) of the respective second nozzle valve (9) with the second fuel as a function of an injection cycle of the respective cylinder (2) via the supply line (25), so that the fuel pressure of the second fuel is present in the needle fuel chamber (24) as a function of the injection cycle, the needle guide (22) of the respective second nozzle valve (9) defines at least in sections a needle lubricating chamber (29) that is suppliable by the sealing and lubricating oil, which has a distance (X) from the respective needle fuel chamber (24) that is dimensioned in such a manner that in particular when in the respective needle fuel chamber (24) the fuel pressure as a function of the injection cycle is present, the second fuel does not enter the region of the needle lubricating chamber (29).
2. The dual-fuel injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the same comprises a single, central first nozzle valve (7).
3. The dual-fuel injector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the same comprises multiple second nozzle valves (9).
4. The dual-fuel injector according to Claim 3, N characterized in that the second nozzle valves (9) N are arranged about the first nozzle valve (7). S
Q 5. The dual-fuel injector according to Claim 3 or 4, z characterized in that the second nozzle valves (9) 3 are assigned a common switching valve (18). S
® 6. The dual-fuel injector according to any one of the N Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the switching valve (18) is arranged outside a basic body (23) of the dual-fuel injector (6).
7. A dual-fuel system of an internal combustion engine, each with a dual-fuel injector (6) according to any one of the Claims 1 to 6 for each cylinder (2) of the internal combustion engine, with a first fuel supply system (11), via which the first fuel is suppliable to the respective dual-fuel injector (6), with a second fuel supply system (14), via which the second fuel is suppliable to the respective dual-fuel injector (6), with a sealing and lubricating oil system (19), via which the respective dual-fuel injector (6) is suppliable with the sealing and lubricating oil.
8. The dual-fuel system according to Claim 7, characterized in that the second fuel supply system (14) provides the second fuel with the defined fuel pressure, S N the sealing and lubricating oil system (19) 00 O provides the sealing and lubricating oil with the S defined oil pressure that is smaller than the fuel = pressure of the second fuel. a <
2
9. An internal combustion engine 3 N with at least one cylinder (2),
with a dual-fuel system according to Claim 7 or 8.
10. A method for operating an internal combustion engine (1) according to Claim 9, wherein the or each second nozzle valve (9) is supplied with the second fuel as a function of the injection cycle of the respective cylinder (2). N N O N © <Q O N I a a < O 00 LO 00 O N
FI20185834A 2017-10-09 2018-10-04 Dual-fuel injector, dual-fuel system, internal combustion engine and method for operating the same FI129990B (en)

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KR102595693B1 (en) 2023-10-27

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