CN109628414B - 一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒及其制备方法和应用,属于反向遗传学技术领域。所述mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒,由腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株进行定点突变制得,其中L蛋白第1792位的氨基酸由K突变为A,或第1814位的氨基酸由A突变为G,或第1816位的氨基酸由G突变为A,或第1818位的氨基酸由G突变为A,或第1892位的氨基酸由D突变为A,或第1917位的氨基酸由D突变为A,或第1953位的氨基酸由K突变为A,或第1990位的E突变为A。本发明通过定点突变,拯救出的重组腮腺炎病毒病毒毒力减弱,免疫原性良好,既保留了腮腺炎病毒减毒疫苗的免疫原性,又提高了其安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及反向遗传学技术领域,具体涉及一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
疫苗是指用各类病原微生物制作的用于预防接种的生物制品。接种疫苗是预防和控制传染病最经济、有效的公共卫生干预措施,对于家庭来说也是减少成员疾病发生、减少医疗费用的有效手段。
疫苗的开发是一个漫长而复杂的过程,且成本很高。全病毒灭活疫苗、裂解腮腺炎疫苗和亚单位疫苗免疫保护效果远不及减毒疫苗,而利用传统方法制备的腮腺炎减毒疫苗存在着耗时、耗力和毒力恢复等缺陷。随着反向遗传学技术的迅速发展,为高效开发安全性高的腮腺炎病毒疫苗提供了可能。反向遗传学技术(reverse genetics)是近几年快速发展的一项新的生物技术,应用于病毒的反向遗传学技术又叫“病毒拯救(virus rescue)。病毒拯救技术是在了解病毒复制特点等基础上利用分子生物学技术而建立和完善起来的,通过人工操作病毒基因,将适当形式的病毒核酸,在一定条件下转染细胞产生有感染性的病毒颗粒。病毒拯救技术尤其是完全以质粒为基础的操作技术实现了在cDNA水平上对RNA病毒的操作,方便人工改造病毒,这是20世纪90年代RNA病毒研究中的重大突破,成为生命科学研究热点。反向遗传学技术在对病毒的生活周期、基因结构与功能、致病基础、新型疫苗构建、表达外源蛋白等方面的研究中显示了良好的应用前景。
腮腺炎是一种由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性病毒性呼吸道传染病,能引起多种并发症。发达国家自广泛应用腮腺炎疫苗后,发病率下降88%~99%。但应用含Urabe或LZagreb疫苗株的腮腺炎疫苗或麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹(MMR)联合疫苗后,发生不良反应如无菌性脑膜炎者较多。国内广泛使用的腮腺炎疫苗株为S79株,较为安全,其抗体阳转率≥85%,免疫保护率为78~87%。
腮腺炎病毒(MuV),是副粘病毒科,腮腺炎病毒属的单股负链RNA病毒,减毒活疫苗株S79的核酸长度为15384bp,核酸序列为3-NP-P-M-F-SH-HN-L-5。腮腺炎病毒的基因组是负义RNA,病毒核酸不具有感染性,各个RNA片段必须与聚合酶蛋白及核蛋白结合在一起形成核糖核蛋白复合物即RNPs才有活性。
腮腺炎病毒感染宿主时,首先与宿主细胞表面的特异性受体结合,通过与胞膜融合进入细胞后释放出RNPs,RNPs进入细胞后才开始病毒基因组的复制和转录,每个RNA片段单独组成一个转录单位,转录出mRNA和互补RNA(cRNA),mRNA翻译合成病毒蛋白,cRNA复制生成病毒负链子代RNA,进而在细胞浆中组装成完整的病毒粒子。
近几年我国腮腺炎发病率出现明显的上升趋势。主要发病人群为15岁以下儿童;大多数省份发病曲线有两个高峰。未接种疫苗、疫苗接种剂次不足及病毒变异,免疫效力减弱是腮腺炎发病率居高不下的主要原因。这都提示开发新的免疫原性更高,毒副作用更小的腮腺炎疫苗株的必要性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于利用反向遗传学和基因定点突变的方法制备一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒疫苗,既保留了腮腺炎病毒减毒疫苗的免疫原性,又提高了其安全性;同时提供一种可以应用于该种疫苗生产的拯救系统,使得制备的疫苗具有很好的时效性,以克服现有腮腺炎病毒疫苗生产中的不足。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒,由腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株进行定点突变制得,其中L蛋白第1792位的氨基酸由K突变为A,或第1814位的氨基酸由A突变为G,或第1816位的氨基酸由G突变为A,或第1818位的氨基酸由G突变为A,或第1892位的氨基酸由D突变为A,或第1917位的氨基酸由D突变为A,或第1953位的氨基酸由K突变为A,或第1990位的E突变为A。
研究表明,病毒的毒力及活性与其mRNA帽子结构密切相关,而mRNA帽子结构的甲基化修饰是其中重要一环。本发明通过改变L蛋白中的mRNA帽子结构甲基化修饰相关的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)结合位点和2'-O-甲基转移酶(MTase)的KDKE四分体来改善MuV疫苗的安全性和有效性。
具体地,本发明对S79腮腺炎病毒疫苗株中L蛋白的9个位点分别进行定点突变,得到9种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒,分别为:
rMuV-S79-K1792A:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的2'-O-甲基转移酶(MTase)的KDKE四分体结合位点(第1792位)氨基酸K到A突变所得;
rMuV-S79-A1814G:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)结合位点(第1814位)氨基酸A到G突变所得;
rMuV-S79-G1816A:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)结合位点(第1816位)氨基酸G到A突变所得;
rMuV-S79-G1818A:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)结合位点(第1818位)氨基酸G到A突变所得;
rMuV-S79-D1892A:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)结合位点(第1892位)氨基酸D到A突变所得;
rMuV-S79-D1917A:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的2'-O-甲基转移酶(MTase)的KDKE四分体结合位点氨基酸(第1917位)D到A突变所得;
rMuV-S79-K1953A:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的2'-O-甲基转移酶(MTase)的KDKE四分体结合位点(第1953位)氨基酸K到A突变所得;
rMuV-S79-E1990A:为腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的L蛋白中的2'-O-甲基转移酶(MTase)的KDKE四分体结合位点(第1990位)氨基酸E到A突变所得。
所述腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的基因登录号为MH426702.1,其中L基因编码的L蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,上述的突变位点编号基于该序列。
本发明还提供了一种制备所述mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)构建含有mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒全基因组cDNA的重组转录载体;
(2)分别构建包含腮腺炎病毒NP基因的辅助质粒Ⅰ、包含腮腺炎病毒P基因的辅助质粒Ⅱ、包含腮腺炎病毒L基因的辅助质粒Ⅲ;
(3)将步骤(1)的重组转录载体和步骤(2)的辅助质粒Ⅰ、辅助质粒Ⅱ、辅助质粒Ⅲ混合共转染入辅助细胞中;
(4)培养后收集细胞与上清混合物感染宿主细胞,传代,纯化拯救获得mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒疫苗。
本发明利用反向遗传学技术将腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株全基因组整合到质粒载体中构建出重组质粒,该重组质粒具有良好的安全性和稳定性;进一步地,利用定点突变技术对MuV S79疫苗株的L蛋白中的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸结合位点和2'-O-甲基转移酶的KDKE四分体结合位点进行突变得到甲基转移酶缺陷型全长基因的重组转录载体。再利用上述的多质粒拯救系统拯救mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒,该系统具有快速、有效、安全等特点。
步骤(1)中,所述的重组转录载体为包含mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒全基因组cDNA的pYES-MuV质粒,构建方法包括:
(a)以S79疫苗株全长基因组cDNA为模板,利用5对相互有重叠的引物分别进行PCR扩增获得涵盖S79疫苗株全长基因组的基因片段MuV-NP-P、MuV-M-F、MuV-SH-HN、MuV-L1、MuV-L2;
(b)人工合成含有T7RNA聚合酶启动序列,丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列和T7RNA终止子序列的双链DNA片段,通过双酶切的方式连接到pYES-2载体中,构建中间质粒pYES-TRZ;
(c)将步骤(a)获得的MuV-NP-P、MuV-M-F、MuV-SH-HN、MuV-L1、MuV-L2一次性连到线性化的pYES-TRZ载体中获得包含腮腺炎S79疫苗株全长基因组cDNA的阳性质粒pYES-MuV-S79;
(d)设计定点突变引物,以阳性质粒pYES-MuV-S79为模板,PCR扩增获得携带突变的mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株质粒。
作为优选,所述阳性质粒pYES-MuV-S79中腮腺炎S79疫苗株全长基因组cDNA的3’端包含丁肝病毒核酶序列。
步骤(d)中,所述的定点突变引物为:
rMuV-S79-K1792A:
S:5’-ATCCACCTCATGGTATGCAACAATCAGTGTTT-3’,
A:5’-AAACACTGATTGTTGCATACCATGAGGTGGAT-3’;
或rMuV-S79-A1814G:
S:5’-GCCCATCTATACTTGGGAGAGGGAAGTGGAGC-3’,
A:5’-GCTCCACTTCCCTCTCCCAAGTATAGATGGGC-3’;
或rMuV-S79-G1816A:
S:5’-CTATACTTGGCAGAGGCAAGTGGAGCCTCTAT-3’,
A:5’-ATAGAGGCTCCACTTGCCTCTGCCAAGTATAG-3’;
或rMuV-S79-G1818A
S:5’-TTGGCAGAGGGAAGTGCAGCCTCTATGTCACT-3’,
A:5’-AGTGACATAGAGGCTGCACTTCCCTCTGCCAA-3’;
或rMuV-S79-D1892A:
S:5’-AACAGCGATATAACTGCCTTAAGCACTAAAAC-3’,
A:5’-GTTTTAGTGCTTAAGGCAGTTATATCGCTGTT-3’;
或rMuV-S79-D1917A:
S:5’-GCATTAGTTCATGTGGCTTTGGAAGGTGTCCC-3’,
A:5’-GGGACACCTTCCAAAGCCACATGAACTAATGC-3’;
或rMuV-S79-K1953A:
S:5’-CTTACTAATCTTGGCAGCTTCATGGGAACCCT-3’,
A:5’-AGGGTTCCCATGAAGCTGCCAAGATTAGTAAG-3’;
或rMuV-S79-E1990A:
S:5’-GACCCGAATAATCACGCGGTTTACATAATAGC-3’,
A:5’-GCTATTATGTAAACCGCGTGATTATTCGGGTC-3’。
步骤(2)中,辅助质粒的构建方法包括:
利用PCR技术分别扩增得到包含腮腺炎病毒S79株NP基因CDS的基因片段MuV-NP-CDS、包含腮腺炎病毒S79株P基因CDS的基因片段MuV-P-CDS、包含腮腺炎病毒S79株L基因CDS的基因片段MuV-L-CDS,分别连入pT7载体中,获得辅助质粒Ⅰ、辅助质粒Ⅱ和辅助质粒Ⅲ。
所述腮腺炎病毒S79株NP基因CDS为基因登录号为MH426702.1所示的核苷酸序列中的(146)-(1795)bp;
所述腮腺炎病毒S79株P基因CDS为基因登录号为MH426702.1所示的核苷酸序列中的(1979)-(3152)bp;
所述腮腺炎病毒S79株L基因CDS为基因登录号为MH426702.1所示的核苷酸序列中的(8438)-(15223)bp。
作为优选,步骤(3)中,重组转录载体、辅助质粒Ⅰ、辅助质粒Ⅱ和辅助质粒Ⅲ的混合比例为5:1.5:1.5:0.5。
作为优选,所述辅助细胞为密度为60%-70%的BHK-T7-SR-19细胞,所述宿主细胞为Vero细胞。
利用上述质粒拯救系统进行重组病毒拯救的制备方法具备快速、有效、安全等特点,重组腮腺炎病毒可用细胞培养的方法来大量扩增,且不需任何处理可直接用于疫苗的制造。拯救出的mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷腮腺炎减毒疫苗致病力较低甚至高度致弱,可达减弱病毒毒力的目的,且不会改变病毒的免疫原性。
本发明还提供了所述的mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒在制备腮腺炎疫苗中的应用。
本发明具备的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的9种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒,是通过对腮腺炎病毒L蛋白中的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)结合位点和2'-O-甲基转移酶(MTase)的KDKE四分体结合位点进行定点突变制得,拯救出的重组腮腺炎病毒病毒毒力减弱,免疫原性良好,既保存了腮腺炎病毒减毒疫苗的免疫原性,又提高了其安全性。
(2)本发明提供的制备方法基于反向遗传操作技术,利用3+1质粒拯救系统(表达MuV-S79株N蛋白、P蛋白、L蛋白的辅助质粒和重组转录载体)来拯救重组腮腺炎病毒,能够显著增加腮腺炎疫苗生产的灵活性,同时能将组织细胞培养的方法更好地应用于该种疫苗的生产,使得制备的疫苗具有很好的时效性,克服了传统疫苗生产费时费力、工艺复杂等问题。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中MuV-NP-P、MuV-M-F、MuV-SH-HN、MuV-L1和MuV-L2核苷酸序列片段PCR扩增后琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证结果图。
图2为实施例1中腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的全长基因组质粒构建过程流程示意图。
图3为实施例1中腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的全长基因组质粒琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证结果图。
图4为实施例1中腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株拯救检测的CPE结果图。
图5为实施例1中腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株拯救检测的测序结果图。
图6为实施例1中腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株拯救检测的间接免疫荧光法检测结果图。
图7为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎减毒病毒的全长质粒测序结果。
图8为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎减毒病毒的间接免疫荧光。
图9为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎减毒病毒感染Vero细胞的144h内CPE病变观察。
图10为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎减毒病毒感染Vero细胞的CPE病变大小对比。
图11为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎减毒病毒感染Vero细胞的生长曲线。
图12为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷腮腺炎病毒中和抗体的水平。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中的腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株来自中国浙江省疾病控制与预防中心。
实施例1
1、提取病毒基因组RNA
腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株由浙江省疾病预防控制中心提供,根据TRIzol细胞裂解液说明书提取该疫苗株基因组RNA。
2、PCR扩增制备S79疫苗株全基因组的DNA片段
S79疫苗株全长基因组的有8个DNA片段,8个片段分别是NP、P、M、F、SH、HN、L1和L2,以cDNA为模板,采用5对相互有重叠的引物扩增制备涵盖S79疫苗株的全长基因组,引物序列如表1所示。采用体外定点突变技术将原有片段MuV-SH-HN突变为MuV-SH-HN-M1,以与实验室原有毒株相区别。
表1
反应程序为:98℃预变性40s,98℃变性8s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸2min,35个循环后,72℃延伸2min。
DNA片段大小通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,结果如图1所示,5个目标DNA片段位于正确的位置,切胶并根据QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit说明书对上述DNA片段进行纯化与回收。
3、重组质粒的构建
使用pEASY-Blunt Cloning Kit将5个目的DNA片段MuV-NP-P、MuV-M-F、MuV-SH-HN、MuV-L1和MuV-L2片段分别与pEASY-Blunt Cloning克隆载体相连接,获得pEASY-MuV-NP-P、pEASY-MuV-M-F、pEASY-MuV-SH-HN、pEASY-MuV-L1和pEASY-MuV-L2。
4、辅助质粒的构建
将DNA片段MuV-NP-CDS、MuV-P-CDS、MuV-L1-CDS和MuV-L2-CDS分别连到表达载体pT7中,具体步骤如下:
以pEASY-MuV-NP-P、pEASY-MuV-L1、pEasy-MuV-L2分别为模板,利用引物分别扩增病毒S79疫苗株的MuV-NP-CDS、MuV-P-CDS、MuV-L-CDS1、MV-L-CDS2,引物序列如表2所示。
表2
pT7载体质粒用PCR引物扩增获得线性片段。利用GeneArtTMSeamless Cloningand Assembly Kit将MuV-NP-CDS与pT7线性化载体片段、MuV-P-CDS与pT7线性化载体片段、MuV-L-CDS1与MuV-L-CDS2与T7线性化载体片段分别进行连接并转化,表达获得NP、P、L的3种辅助质粒,分别为pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L。
5、腮腺炎病毒S79疫苗株的全长质粒的构建
含有T7RNA聚合酶启动序列,丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列和T7RNA终止子序列的双链DNA片段的中间质粒pYES-TRZ由本实验构建保存。
使用GeneArtTMHigh-Order Genetic Assembly System试剂盒将涵盖腮腺炎病毒S79疫苗株全基因组序列的5个DNA片段MuV-NP-P、MuV-M-F、MuV-SH-HN-M1、MuV-L1、MuV-L2一次性连到线性化的pYES-TRZ载体中获得阳性质粒pYES-MuV-S79。构建流程示意图如图2所示,构出的质粒分别利用表1的引物进行PCR扩增,并经琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定后,结果如图3所示。其中片段MuV-SH-HN-M1是使用引物进行定点突变的。
6、腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株拯救及检测
(1)腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株的拯救
重组腮腺病毒疫苗株全长质粒pYES-MuV-S79 5μg,以及其辅助质粒pT7-MuV-NP1.5μg、pT7-MuV-P 1.5μg和pT7-MuV-L 0.5μg共转染密度为60%-70%的BHK-T7细胞。转染3天后收集细胞上清混合物感染Vero细胞,培养4-5天后,利用电子显微镜观察细胞病变情况,反复冻融细胞3次,离心后收集上清,继续传至新的Vero细胞中并观察细胞病变情况,重复拯救过程8次,拯救效率为100%,反复冻融细胞3次后收集上清,部分提取病毒RNA,剩余部分置于负80度冰箱备用。
(2)观察病毒产生的特异性的细胞病变
腮腺炎病毒能够感染Vero细胞并使其形成合胞体,从而产生特异性的合胞体样细胞病变(CPE),上述质粒混合物转染BHK-T7细胞3天后,刮下细胞接到Vero细胞中若拯救成功可观察到明显的CPE。电子显微镜观察下结果如图4所示。
(3)测序验证
抽提病毒RNA,测序检测HN 8134位置的突变情况,排除实验室原毒株污染,结果如图5所示,表明腮腺炎病毒质粒构建和拯救成功。
(4)间接免疫荧光发验证
使用间接免疫荧光法进一步对上述拯救出来的重组腮腺炎病毒疫苗株进行鉴定,结果如图6所示,通过在荧光显微镜下观察,结果可见感染腮腺炎病毒的Vero细胞可见阳性的红色荧光信号,而未感染病毒的Vero未观察到红色荧光信号。
实施例2
构建mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒的全长质粒
据实施例1中测序正确含有腮腺炎疫苗株S79全长基因组序列的质粒pYES-MuV-S79为模板,通过PCR定点突变腮腺炎病毒L基因上的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)结合位点和2'-O-甲基转移酶(MTase)的KDKE四分体,从而mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒疫苗株的全长质粒。具体操作如下:
1、扩增mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株全长质粒:使用Pfu酶(Pfu Turbo HotstartDNA polymerase)以pYES-MuV-S79全长质粒为模版,表3所示引物,按照产品说明书PCR扩增的程序进行25ul体系PCR反应,扩增出携带突变的mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株质粒。
表3.mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒突变引物
2、酶切去除模版质粒:使用DPNⅠ对PCR产物进行酶切2h(0.3ul/25ul体系),切除模版质粒。
3、转化mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株全长质粒:将酶切产物加入刚融化的trans-10感受态,冰上30min,42℃热激60s,冰浴2min,加入LB培养基700ul,放入30℃摇床培养2h。
4、筛选mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株全长质粒:培养箱预温氨苄抗性平板放入30℃;5000rpm离心1min后,去上清,保留100ul,混匀,涂板,放入30℃培养箱,培养36h。
5、挑取mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株全长质粒克隆扩增:然后挑取单克隆加入5mlLB培养基中48h,30℃摇床培养。
6、mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株全长质粒克隆的质粒提取与鉴定:利用AxyPrepplasmid Miniprep Kit提取mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株质粒,HandⅢ酶切1h,跑琼脂糖电泳鉴定,将位置正确的质粒送华大基因测序鉴定。图7为mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒的全长质粒测序结果。
7、扩增mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株全长质粒克隆的质粒:将测序正确的质粒对应的菌用400mlLB培养基30℃摇床培养48h,用Plasmid DNA purification进行高浓度质粒的提取,用于拯救。
上述过程中采用的PCR酶为:Pfu Turbo Hotstart DNA polymerase,来自Agilent公司;引物由华大基因合成;内切酶DPNⅠ酶、HandⅢ酶来自NEB公司;Trans-10感受态细胞来自北京全式金有限公司;Difco luria broth来自BD公司;AxyPrep plasmid Miniprep Kit来自AXYGEN公司;Plasmid DNA purification来自MACHEREY-NAGEL公司。
实施例3
拯救mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷腮腺炎疫苗株
1、质粒提取
用Plasmid DNA purification按说明操作进行高浓度质粒的提取,用于拯救。最后用灭菌EB(2mMTris粒的提取,用无菌操作洗脱质粒。用NANO DROP 2000(美国Thermo)测定质粒的含量和纯度,含量在100ug/ml以上、OD260/OD280为1.70-2.00的质粒备转染用。
2、反向遗传操作技术制备重组腮腺炎病毒
(1)辅助质粒与腮腺炎全长质粒按照一定比例混合(N:P:L:Full=3:3:1:10)
把上述构建好重组腮腺病毒疫苗株全长质粒5μg,与辅助质粒pT7-MuV-NP 1.5μg、pT7-MuV-P 1.55μg和pT7-MuV-L 0.55μg混合,分为如下九组:rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-A1814G、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A。
第一组:rMuV-S79共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79;
第二组:rMuV-S79-K1792A共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-K1792A;
第三组:rMuV-S79-A1814G共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-A1814G;
第四组:rMuV-S79-G1816A共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-G1816A;
第五组:rMuV-S79-G1818A共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-G1818A;
第六组:rMuV-S79-D1892A共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-D1892A;
第七组:rMuV-S79-D1917A共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-D1917A;
第八组:rMuV-S79-K1953A共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-K1953A;
第九组:rMuV-S79-E1990A共转染质粒组:pT7-MuV-NP、pT7-MuV-P、pT7-MuV-L、pYES-MuV-S79-E1990A。
(2)细胞的培养
BHK-T7细胞、非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero细胞)均用DMEM+10%FBS培养基生长环境为37℃,5%CO2孵箱培养,待细胞长到80%-90%时进行下一次传代培养。
上述BHK-T7细胞为能稳定表达T7RNA聚合酶的BHK细胞。
DMEM培养基、Opti-MEM培养基、FBS来自Gibco公司。
(3)转染
将上述步骤(1)中的每组质粒分别转入BHK-T7-SR-19细胞。具体方法如下:
BHK-T7细胞T25培养瓶培养过夜,当细胞长成单层80%时,将12.5养过的全长质粒和辅助质粒利用Lipofectamine 2000Reagent按照说明书共转染入BHK-T7细胞。6小时后用1时PBS溶液洗一次,然后加入4ml Opti-MEM培养基培养。转染试剂Lipofectamine2000Reagent来自Invitrogen。
(4)重组病毒的拯救:
转染3天后刮取细胞,将细胞混合液与新鲜的Vero细胞共培养4h后,换取新鲜4mlOpti-MEM培养,观察细胞病变,待观察到明显细胞病变后即为拯救成功。
分别收集各转染组的病毒,收集方式同上,分别得到mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒株rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-A1814G、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A。
(5)重组病毒的纯化:
将各组病毒分别以10倍比稀释,6孔板中密度为每孔106个Vero细胞中每孔加入500ul病毒稀释液;病毒与细胞共培养lh后去掉上清,代之以2.5ml Eagle含有1%琼脂糖的最低必需培养基(MEM)、1%FBS,0.075%碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)、20mM HEPES(pH 7.7)、2mM-谷氨酰胺、12.5mg/ml青霉素、4mg/ml链霉素、和4mg/ml卡那霉素培养基固定,然后在37℃和5%CO2下生长,每天挑取单克隆毒株。
其中图10为mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒株rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-A1814G、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A单克隆病变。
实施例4
mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷腮腺炎疫苗株鉴定
(1)RT-PCR鉴定
为了证明腮腺炎病毒反向遗传学系统的拯救效率,对mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-A1814G、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A进行验证。
具体步骤如下:
1、将拯救成功rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-A1814G、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒单克隆纯化后,连续传代多次,在p3代进行第一次遗传稳定性鉴定,收取各组病毒,方法同上。
2、腮腺炎病毒基因组RNA的提取
取mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-A1814G、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A单克隆病毒,使用TRIzol reagent RNA提取试剂盒从病毒溶液中分离总RNA。
3、mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒基因测序鉴定:
以获得的腮腺炎病毒S79株R N A为模板,采用一步法RT-PCR试剂盒按照说明书反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增突变区域基因片段,送测序。
上述Trizol RNA提取试剂盒,来自生工;QIAGEN Onestep RT-PCR Kit来自QIAGEN公司;测序由华大基因进行测序。
测序结果同mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒的全长质粒测序结果,表明病毒拯救成功。
(2)mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒的间接免疫荧光
将各组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒以MOI=0.1感染vero细胞1小时,随后去除病毒稀释液换成含2%FBS培养基继续培养48小时。弃掉培养液,用1时。弃掉培洗两次;4%的多聚甲醛室温固定15min。弃掉固定液,随后用1弃掉固定液洗三遍,每次五分钟。含1%的BSA溶液室温封闭1小时。小鼠抗mumps抗体室温孵育1小时;弃掉抗体稀释液,用1时;弃掉抗洗三次,每次5min;使用荧光二抗避光孵育30min。10min二洗三次,每次5min。使用DAPI对细胞核避光染色5min,1min避光洗三次,每次5min最后使用荧光显微镜观察荧光。图8为mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒的间接免疫荧光。结果证明,拯救的甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒能够表达mumps特异性N蛋白。
试剂:Mumps鼠一抗ab9876来自Abcam公司;荧光二抗A21203来自Life Technology公司;荧光显微镜购自ZESS公司。
(3)重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒感染Vero细胞的CPE病变观察
将Vero细胞传代的第3代的重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒株rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-A1814G、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A MOI=0.1感染Vero细胞,观察144h内的病变。
结果:如图9所示为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒感染Vero细胞的144h内CPE病变观察。1.rMuV-S79株从出现病变后,于72h左右,CPE出现破裂,病毒释放,细胞死亡,后续细胞感染死亡少;2.rMuV-S79-A1814G株,出现病变时间远远早于rMuV-S79株,且24h即CPE出现破裂,病毒释放,细胞死亡,后续细胞感染死亡少;3.rMuV-S79-G1792A株,rMuV-S79-G1816A株,rMuV-S79-G1818A株,rMuV-S79-G1892A株,rMuV-S79-G1917A株,rMuV-S79-G1953A株,rMuV-S79-G1990A株病变破裂时间均晚于rMuV-S79株。
图10所示为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒感染Vero细胞的CPE病变大小对比,rMuV-S79-G1792A,rMuV-S79-G1816A,rMuV-S79-G1818A,rMuV-S79-G1892A,rMuV-S79-G1917A的噬斑大小明显小于rMuV-S79株。
(4)mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒生长曲线的测定
为了探究mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒突变是否影响重组病毒的生长,我们使用Vero细胞测定病毒的生长特征。利用亲本rMuV-S79作为对照组。
图11所示为重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒感染Vero细胞的生长曲线。结果证明,仅rMuV-S79-G1792A,rMuV-S79-K1953A mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒生长复制水平明显弱于亲本株,其他多株mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒株病毒滴度峰值未明显下降。
(5)重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒在Vero细胞传代的稳定性
病毒传代
当观察到Vero细胞出现明显的腮腺炎病毒导致的特异细胞病变,将细胞培养瓶置于-80℃超低温冰箱反复冻融3次,低温高速离心机3000g离心10-15分钟后,收集细胞裂解液的上清,取一部分继续感染长满培养瓶的Vero细胞,一部分上清冻存于负80度超低温冰箱备用。Vero细胞感染细胞裂解液1个小时以后,用PBS洗涤细胞,随后加入3ml新鲜的2%FBS的DMEM培养基,置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养,每天观察病变情况,当细胞出现大量的腮腺炎病毒引起的特异性细胞病变,按照上述方法继续反复冻融细胞3次,并收集细胞上清冻存于负80度超低温冰箱。如果未发现Vero细胞出现明显的细胞病变,按照上述方法反复冻融细胞3次收集细胞上清,一部分细胞上清用于继续感染Vero细胞。进一步用Vero细胞传代10代,对各组病毒进行基因序列分析。
结果同mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒全长质粒测序结果。
(6)重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒对棉鼠致病性的研究
本次腮腺炎病毒mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷减毒疫苗株致病力研究的动物实验中,一共9组。45只三周龄的SPF棉鼠随机分到9组内,分别是rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A和正常对照组。所有的棉鼠均于同一天接种病毒,不同的实验组置于不同的笼子分别饲养。免疫的途径为滴鼻,接种剂量为1.0×106PFU。观察接种病毒后棉鼠是否会有临床症状发生,是否会死亡等进行记录。接种病毒后每天观察动物。在接种病毒第四天后,通过CO2窒息法处死棉鼠。感染rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-E1990A的棉鼠的肺脏内都能够测到大量感染性病毒的存在,接种rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-K1953A组的5只棉鼠均未检测到感染性病毒颗粒。rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-K1953A不能在棉鼠体内复制,病毒高度致弱。结果见表4所示。
表4.重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎减毒病毒感染棉鼠后肺组织内病毒滴度
(7)重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒对棉鼠致病性的免疫保护试验45只3周龄SPF级别的棉鼠随机分为9组,分别是rMuV-S79、rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-G1816A、rMuV-S79-G1818A、rMuV-S79-D1892A、rMuV-S79-D1917A、rMuV-S79-K1953A、rMuV-S79-E1990A和正常对照组,每组5只。分别鼻腔吸入方式接种病毒106PFU/100μL,免疫接种1次,每周采血分离血清,采用抗体中和实验检测棉鼠体内产生抗体的滴度。结果如图12所示,除了rMuV-S79-K1792A、rMuV-S79-D1892A组外,其他病毒均能够达到较高的中和抗体滴度。
免疫接种4周后采用rMuV-S79(107PFU/100μL)鼻腔吸入接种攻毒,攻毒后观察记录临床表现。攻毒4天后,处死棉鼠,观察棉鼠肺内病毒的滴度,判定疫苗免疫保护效率,结果如表5所示,疫苗接种组均未检测到腮腺炎病毒。
表5.重组mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎减毒病毒免疫后再高剂量攻毒棉鼠后,棉鼠肺组织内病毒滴度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的包含范围之内。
序列表
<110> 浙江大学
<120> 一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒及其制备方法和应用
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 2261
<212> PRT
<213> Mumps virus
<400> 1
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Leu Pro Asp Tyr Ser Ser Phe Asn Glu Leu Gln Ser Glu Met Ala Arg
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Lys Ser Ala Leu Asn Gln Ser Thr Phe Asn His Leu Met Gly Glu Thr
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Ser Asp Ile Leu Leu Asn Arg Ala Tyr Gln Lys Arg Ile Trp Lys Ala
2210 2215 2220
Ile Gly Cys Val Ile Tyr Cys Phe Gly Leu Leu Thr Pro Asp Val Glu
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His Gly Asp Ile Ile
2260
Claims (4)
1.一种mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒,其特征在于,由腮腺炎病毒疫苗S79株进行定点突变制得,其中L蛋白第1792位的氨基酸由K突变为A、或第1816位的氨基酸由G突变为A、或第1917位的氨基酸由D突变为A、或第1953位的氨基酸由K突变为A、或第1990位的E突变为A。
2.如权利要求1所述的mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)构建含有mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒全基因组cDNA的重组转录载体;
(2)分别构建包含腮腺炎病毒NP基因的辅助质粒Ⅰ、包含腮腺炎病毒P基因的辅助质粒Ⅱ、包含腮腺炎病毒L基因的辅助质粒Ⅲ;
(3)将步骤(1)的重组转录载体和步骤(2)的辅助质粒Ⅰ、辅助质粒Ⅱ、辅助质粒Ⅲ混合共转染入辅助细胞中;
(4)培养后收集细胞与上清混合物感染宿主细胞,传代,纯化拯救获得mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒疫苗;
步骤(1)中,所述的重组转录载体为包含mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒全基因组cDNA的pYES-MuV质粒,构建方法包括:
(a)以S79疫苗株全长基因组cDNA为模板,利用5对相互有重叠的引物分别进行PCR扩增获得涵盖S79疫苗株全长基因组的基因片段MuV-NP-P、MuV-M-F、MuV-SH-HN、MuV-L1、MuV-L2;
(b)人工合成含有T7RNA聚合酶启动序列,丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列和T7RNA终止子序列的双链DNA片段,通过双酶切的方式连接到pYES-2载体中,构建中间质粒pYES-TRZ;
(c)将步骤(a)获得的MuV-NP-P、MuV-M-F、MuV-SH-HN、MuV-L1、MuV-L2一次性连到线性化的pYES-TRZ载体中获得包含腮腺炎S79疫苗株全长基因组cDNA的阳性质粒pYES-MuV-S79;
(d)设计定点突变引物,以阳性质粒pYES-MuV-S79为模板,PCR扩增获得携带突变的mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型突变株质粒;
所述阳性质粒pYES-MuV-S79中腮腺炎S79疫苗株全长基因组cDNA的5’端包含锤头状核酶序列,3’端包含丁肝病毒核酶序列;
步骤(2)中,构建方法包括:
利用PCR技术分别扩增得到包含腮腺炎病毒S79株NP基因CDS的基因片段MuV-NP-CDS、包含腮腺炎病毒S79株P基因CDS的基因片段MuV-P-CDS、包含腮腺炎病毒S79株L基因CDS的基因片段MuV-L-CDS,分别连入pT7载体中,获得辅助质粒Ⅰ、辅助质粒Ⅱ和辅助质粒Ⅲ;
步骤(3)中,重组转录载体、辅助质粒Ⅰ、辅助质粒Ⅱ和辅助质粒Ⅲ的混合比例为5:1.5:1.5:0.5;
所述辅助细胞为密度为60%-70%的BHK-T7-SR-19细胞,所述宿主细胞为Vero细胞。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)中,所述的定点突变引物为:
rMuV-S79-K1792A:
S:5’-ATCCACCTCATGGTATGCAACAATCAGTGTTT-3’,
A:5’-AAACACTGATTGTTGCATACCATGAGGTGGAT-3’;
rMuV-S79-A1814G:
S:5’-GCCCATCTATACTTGGGAGAGGGAAGTGGAGC-3’,
A:5’-GCTCCACTTCCCTCTCCCAAGTATAGATGGGC-3’;
rMuV-S79-G1816A:
S:5’-CTATACTTGGCAGAGGCAAGTGGAGCCTCTAT-3’,
A:5’-ATAGAGGCTCCACTTGCCTCTGCCAAGTATAG-3’;
rMuV-S79-G1818A
S:5’-TTGGCAGAGGGAAGTGCAGCCTCTATGTCACT-3’,
A:5’-AGTGACATAGAGGCTGCACTTCCCTCTGCCAA-3’;
rMuV-S79-D1892A:
S:5’-AACAGCGATATAACTGCCTTAAGCACTAAAAC-3’,
A:5’-GTTTTAGTGCTTAAGGCAGTTATATCGCTGTT-3’;
rMuV-S79-D1917A:
S:5’-GCATTAGTTCATGTGGCTTTGGAAGGTGTCCC-3’,
A:5’-GGGACACCTTCCAAAGCCACATGAACTAATGC-3’;
rMuV-S79-K1953A:
S:5’-CTTACTAATCTTGGCAGCTTCATGGGAACCCT-3’,
A:5’-AGGGTTCCCATGAAGCTGCCAAGATTAGTAAG-3’;
rMuV-S79-E1990A:
S:5’-GACCCGAATAATCACGCGGTTTACATAATAGC-3’,
A:5’-GCTATTATGTAAACCGCGTGATTATTCGGGTC-3’。
4.如权利要求1所述的mRNA甲基转移酶缺陷型腮腺炎病毒在制备腮腺炎疫苗中的应用。
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