CN109621854B - 一种提高三乙胺检测性能的复合空心微球制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于半导体金属氧化物气体传感器技术领域,涉及一种提高三乙胺检测性能的复合空心微球制备方法,以六氯化钨和乙酸为反应原料,以乙醇为溶剂,利用水热合成技术制备W18O49空心微球结构,然后将W18O49空心微球放入Co(NO3)2乙醇溶液中搅拌至溶剂完全蒸发,收集粉末材料经焙烧后得到W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球,制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球具有多孔层状球壳,比表面积非常大,能够为表面气敏反应提供更多的活性位点,并增加气体分子在材料内部的扩散与传输;而且其表面含有大量的Co3O4纳米粒子,构建了大量的p‑n异质界面,对于增强三乙胺气敏响应具有促进作用,成本低、体积小、灵活便携,更加适合用于三乙胺的实际检测。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于半导体金属氧化物气体传感器技术领域,涉及一种提高三乙胺检测性能的复合空心微球制备方法,特别是一种提高三乙胺检测性能的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球的制备方法。
背景技术:
三乙胺作为一种重要的化工原料,广泛应用于医药、农药、高能燃料等行业。三乙胺是一种有毒、易燃、具有腐蚀性的挥发性化合物,人体吸入三乙胺蒸气后会对健康造成严重的危害,例如引起皮肤腐蚀、视力下降、呼吸系统、血液循环系统、中枢神经系统、肝脏及其他粘膜组织等机体功能失常。欧盟规定在空气中含有三乙胺的工作环境中,其允许暴露浓度为1ppm。因而,对低浓度三乙胺具有高灵敏度的检测技术具有重要意义。传统的检测技术主要依赖于气相色谱或者比色法,其缺点是不能够实时检测、检测时间长、效率低,且需要昂贵的设备,缺乏便携性。
基于半导体金属氧化物的气体传感器具有体积小、成本低、灵敏度高、高度便携等优势,在气体检测方面具有重要的发展前景。半导体传感器的原理是基于气体分子吸附到材料表面后,材料的电阻或电流信号发生线性变化,从而可以用来气体浓度的检测。气体传感器所应用的半导体金属氧化物主要包括的氧化锡、氧化锌、氧化钨、氧化铟等,特别地,氧化钨中的W18O49,因其非计量比化学结构和丰富的氧缺陷在传感器领域引起了广泛关注。目前,尚未见有用于提高三乙胺检测性能的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球的制备工艺及其使用的相关报道。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点,设计提供一种提高三乙胺检测性能的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球的制备方法,基于液相合成技术,适合大规模的制备W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球,并且具有较好的气敏性能。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明以六氯化钨和乙酸为反应原料,以乙醇为溶剂,利用水热合成技术制备W18O49空心微球结构,然后将W18O49空心微球放入Co(NO3)2乙醇溶液中搅拌至溶剂完全蒸发,收集粉末材料经焙烧后得到W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球,具体包含以下几个步骤:
(1)将0.8-1.6g六氯化钨溶解在40mL乙酸中,将得到的溶液转移至不锈钢反应釜中,在180-200℃保温反应16-20h;
(2)取步骤(1)得到的产物,经离心收集后依次用乙醇和超纯水进行洗涤,再在80℃下干燥,得到的W18O49空心微球粉末样品;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的W18O49空心微球粉末样品分散在20mL Co(NO3)2乙醇溶液中,搅拌后放入烘箱中将乙醇挥发得到粉末样品;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的粉末样品在300℃空气气氛中,焙烧干燥2h,得到W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球。
本发明制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球直径为400-600nm,球壳具有层状结构,球壳上负载Co3O4纳米粒子。
本发明制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球用于制作提高三乙胺检测性能的气体传感器,具体过程为:将W18O49/Co3O4粉末加高纯水用研钵研磨成均匀的浆料,然后用毛笔把浆料涂刷到陶瓷管电极上,用焊锡将陶瓷管上的四根铂丝和加热丝焊接到基座上得到焊接好的器件,将焊接好的器件放置到插板上,调节温度,高温老化48h,即制备得到气体传感器。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:一是制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球具有多孔层状球壳,比表面积非常大,能够为表面气敏反应提供更多的活性位点,并增加气体分子在材料内部的扩散与传输;二是制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球表面含有大量的Co3O4纳米粒子,构建了大量了p-n异质界面,对于增强三乙胺气敏响应具有促进作用;三是制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球对低浓度三乙胺具有较高的灵敏度,且对三乙胺具有较宽的浓度线性响应,具有成本低、体积小、灵活便携特点,更加适合用于三乙胺的实际检测。
附图说明:
图1为本发明对比例1制备的W18O49空心微球的扫描电镜照片。
图2为本发明对比例1制备的W18O49空心微球的透射电镜照片。
图3为本发明对比例1制备的W18O49空心微球在270℃对不同浓度0.1-50ppm三乙胺的响应-恢复曲线。
图4为本发明对比例2制备的W18O49空心微球的扫描电镜照片。
图5为本发明实施例1制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球的透射电镜照片。
图6为本发明实施例1制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球的高倍透射电镜照片。
图7为本发明实施例1制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球在270℃对不同浓度0.1-50ppm三乙胺的响应-恢复曲线。
具体实施方式:
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
对比例1:
本对比例将0.12g六氯化钨溶解在40mL乙酸中,将溶液转移至不锈钢反应釜中,在180℃保温反应16h,所得产物,经离心收集,依次用乙醇和超纯水各洗涤3次,然后在80℃干燥,得到W18O49空心微球。
本实施例对制备的W18O49空心微球样品进行SEM表征,结果如图1所示,样品具有中空结构,微球比较均匀,直径在400-600微米;进行TEM表征,结果如图2所示,样品具有中空结构,球壳具有典型的层状结构,微球直径在400-600微米;对其进行气敏性测试,结果如图3所示,样品在270℃对0.1-50ppm三乙胺的具有较好的响应-恢复特性。
对比例2:
本对比例将0.12g六氯化钨溶解在40mL乙酸中,将溶液转移至不锈钢反应釜中,在180℃保温反应20h,所得产物,经离心收集,依次用乙醇和超纯水各洗涤3次,然后在80℃干燥,得到W18O49空心微球,对W18O49空心微球进行SEM表征,如图4所示,部分样品具有良好的微球结构。
实施例1:
本实施例将0.2g W18O49空心微球粉末样品分散在20mL Co(NO3)2乙醇溶液中,搅拌后放入烘箱中将乙醇挥发得到粉末样品,在300℃空气气氛中,焙烧干燥2h,即得到W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球。
本实施例对W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球进行TEM表征,结果如图5所示,样品具有中空结构,球壳具有典型的层状结构,微球直径在400-600微米,但是管壁相对较厚;对其进行HRTEM表征,结果如图6所示,球壳具有高度结晶结构,晶格条纹分别对应W18O49的(010)和Co3O4的(220)晶面;对其进行气敏性测试,结果如图7所示,样品在270℃对0.1-50ppm三乙胺的具有更佳的响应-恢复特性。
Claims (2)
1.一种提高三乙胺检测性能的复合空心微球制备方法,其特征在于以六氯化钨和乙酸为反应原料,以乙醇为溶剂,利用水热合成技术制备W18O49空心微球结构,然后将W18O49空心微球放入Co(NO3)2乙醇溶液中搅拌至溶剂完全蒸发,收集粉末材料经焙烧后得到W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球,具体包含以下几个步骤:
(1)将0.8-1.6g六氯化钨溶解在40mL乙酸中,将得到的溶液转移至不锈钢反应釜中,在180-200℃保温反应16-20h;
(2)取步骤(1)得到的产物,经离心收集后依次用乙醇和超纯水进行洗涤,再在80℃下干燥,得到的W18O49空心微球粉末样品;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的W18O49空心微球粉末样品分散在20mL Co(NO3)2乙醇溶液中,搅拌后放入烘箱中将乙醇挥发得到粉末样品;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的粉末样品在300℃空气气氛中,焙烧干燥2h,得到W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球;
制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球用于制作提高三乙胺检测性能的气体传感器时,将W18O49/Co3O4粉末加高纯水用研钵研磨成均匀的浆料,然后用毛笔把浆料涂刷到陶瓷管电极上,用焊锡将陶瓷管上的四根铂丝和加热丝焊接到基座上得到焊接好的器件,将焊接好的器件放置到插板上,调节温度,高温老化48h,即制备得到气体传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述提高三乙胺检测性能的复合空心微球制备方法,其特征在于制备的W18O49/Co3O4复合空心微球直径为400-600nm,球壳具有层状结构,球壳上负载Co3O4纳米粒子。
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