CN109618591B - Ridge slope type soil improvement method - Google Patents
Ridge slope type soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109618591B CN109618591B CN201910148064.9A CN201910148064A CN109618591B CN 109618591 B CN109618591 B CN 109618591B CN 201910148064 A CN201910148064 A CN 201910148064A CN 109618591 B CN109618591 B CN 109618591B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention relates to a ridge slope type soil improvement method, which comprises the steps of respectively carrying out rotary tillage airing and heavy metal element adsorption on surface soil, core soil and bottom soil, thoroughly adsorbing and removing heavy metal elements in the soil with different depths, washing salt in each layer of soil into a bottom ditch by washing the piled soil with salt, thoroughly washing the salt in the soil with different depths, carrying out soil reconstruction and ridging after salt washing, arranging a water-proof layer and a metal adsorption layer in a ridge to separate the salt brought by irrigation water and the heavy metal elements brought by fertilizers from the upper part of the ridge to prevent the salt from entering the soil under the ridge, and thus replacing saline-alkaline soil at the top of the ridge with the soil at the bottom after planting for a period of time without thoroughly treating the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a ridge slope type soil improvement method.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that salt contained in soil influences normal growth of crops, the current saline-alkali soil in China is about 9913 hectare, most of the alkaline soil and alkaline soil in China are related to accumulation of carbonate in the soil, the growth of the crops is seriously influenced, and the improvement of the saline-alkali soil is a field method of digging soil from the periphery to raise the ground to form a strip-shaped high platform, so that accumulated water is removed, the underground water level is reduced, and the accumulation of the salt in the soil is reduced; the soil improvement method has the advantages that the soil improvement method is used for replacing the foreign soil or additionally applying organic fertilizers, improving the physical properties of saline-alkali soil and playing roles in inhibiting salt, sprinkling salt, pressing alkali and increasing soil fertility; a drainage method of digging drainage ditches, draining surface water or burying underground concealed pipes, and a drainage method of irrigating fresh water into the ground to form a water layer with a certain depth on the ground so as to fully dissolve salt in the soil, and draining water with dissolved soil salt from the drainage ditches; the existing saline-alkali soil improvement technology can effectively reduce the PH value of the soil, but when planting is carried out after improvement, because the evaporation capacity of the soil in partial areas of China is far greater than the precipitation capacity, irrigation is needed during planting, salt permeates into the soil along with irrigation water, and when plants are fertilized during planting, the metal content in the fertilizer can form precipitates in the soil, metal elements can spread over the surface layer and the bottom layer of the soil, the existing improvement method has to carry out integral desalting and alkalization on the soil and remove the heavy metal elements during improvement, and the procedure is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a ridge slope type soil improvement method, which is used for carrying out heavy metal element adsorption and desalting on soil, carrying out ridge forming and arranging a water-resisting layer and a metal adsorption layer, so that salt and heavy metal elements after the plants are planted in a sitting manner can be prevented from entering the soil at the lower layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
selecting the saline-alkali soil for planting plants for many years, cleaning up sundries and stones on the saline-alkali soil, collecting the cleaned sundries and stones, detecting the PH value of the saline-alkali soil and the content of heavy metal elements after cleaning up, respectively detecting the PH value and the content of heavy metal elements in the soil at multiple places on the saline-alkali soil, and taking the average value as the initial PH value and the content of each metal element of the saline-alkali soil.
Further, dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of lands with equal areas, carrying out heavy metal element adsorption treatment on the lands with the same areas, carrying out rotary tillage and soil crushing on surface soil with the depth of 15-25 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil, putting a metal adsorbent into the soil after airing for 1 day, wherein the metal adsorbent comprises calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate, bentonite, calcium sulfate, zeolite, charcoal and plant ash; adding an adsorbent, mixing and stirring surface layer crushed soil and a metal adsorbent uniformly, standing for a period of time after mixing, pushing the surface layer crushed soil to a subsoil layer with two sides piled up to expose the lower part of the surface layer soil, carrying out rotary tillage and soil crushing on the subsoil layer with the depth of 25 cm to 45 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil of the subsoil layer after crushing, adding the metal adsorbent after airing for 2-3 days, adding the metal adsorbent into the subsoil layer crushed soil after airing, mixing and stirring the subsoil layer crushed soil and the metal adsorbent uniformly, standing for a period of time after mixing, pushing the crushed soil of the subsoil layer to two sides piled above the surface layer soil to expose a subsoil layer, carrying out rotary tillage and soil crushing on the subsoil layer with the depth of 45 cm to 60 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil of the subsoil layer after crushing, adding the metal adsorbent after airing for 2-3 days, mixing and stirring uniformly, and standing for a period of time after mixing, and pushing the broken soil of the bottom soil layer to two sides to be piled above the soil of the core soil layer to expose the bottom ditch.
Further, salt is washed from the soil piles stacked at two ends of the bottom ditch, a plurality of irrigation pipes are arranged in the soil piles from top to bottom, fresh water is poured into the soil piles from top to bottom, drainage ditches are arranged in the bottom ditch and connected with a reservoir, the soil piles are poured 3 times every day for 3-4 days, the poured water flows into the bottom ditch due to the height difference, the poured water flows into the reservoir from the drainage ditches of the bottom ditch, the water is dried after the water is poured, and the salt floating in the bottom ditch after the drying is collected.
Further, reconstructing soil, backfilling soil piles into a bottom ditch, leveling the backfilled soil, ridging after leveling, wherein the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 60 cm, the width of the ridge top is 30 cm, the width of the ridge bottom is 70 cm, an irrigation water pipe is arranged at the ridge top, the distance between the ridge and the ridge is 90 cm, salt-tolerant crops are planted at the ridge top, and a water-proof layer is arranged in the ridge at the position of 30 cm of the ridge height and comprises rags, broken stones, straws, soda lime and absorbent paper; arranging a metal adsorption layer in the ridge at the position of the ridge height of 20 cm, wherein the metal adsorption layer comprises bentonite, zeolite, diatomite, cotton fabric fiber, activated carbon and plant ash; and (4) adding a modifying agent into the ridge planted at the top of the ridge, and fertilizing at the bottom of the planted plants.
Further, after the plants are planted for a period of time, the soil at the bottom of the ridge is replaced to the ridge after the plants are harvested, and the soil on the original ridge is removed.
Further, the modifying agent comprises furfural residues, sodium polyacrylate, citric acid, a microbial agent and humic acid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the surface soil, the core soil and the bottom soil are respectively subjected to rotary tillage airing and heavy metal element adsorption, heavy metal elements in the soils with different depths are thoroughly adsorbed and removed, the piled soils are washed by salt, salt in each layer of soil is washed into the bottom ditch to be collected, the soils with different depths are thoroughly washed by salt, the soils with different depths are subjected to salt washing, after salt washing, soil reconstruction and ridging are carried out, the water-resisting layer and the metal adsorption layer are arranged in the ridge to separate salt brought by irrigation water and heavy metal elements brought by fertilizers from the upper part of the ridge, so that the salt and alkaline soil at the top of the ridge can be replaced by the soil at the bottom after planting for a period of time, and the soil is not thoroughly treated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a ridge slope type soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps:
a, selecting a saline-alkali soil for planting plants for many years, cleaning sundries and stones on the saline-alkali soil, collecting the cleaned sundries and stones, cleaning the cleaned sundries and stones, detecting the pH value and the content of heavy metal elements of the saline-alkali soil, respectively detecting the pH value and the content of heavy metal elements of the collected soil at multiple positions on the saline-alkali soil, dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of lands with equal areas, adsorbing the heavy metal elements of the lands with the same areas, carrying out rotary tillage and soil crushing on surface soil with the depth of 15-25 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil, and putting a metal adsorbent comprising magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, bentonite, calcium sulfate, zeolite, charcoal, wood ash and calcium carbonate into the aired soil for 1 day, Plant ash; adding an adsorbent, mixing and stirring surface layer crushed soil and a metal adsorbent uniformly, standing for a period of time after mixing, pushing the surface layer crushed soil to a subsoil layer with two sides piled up to expose the lower part of the surface layer soil, carrying out rotary tillage and soil crushing on the subsoil layer with the depth of 25 cm to 45 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil of the subsoil layer after crushing, adding the metal adsorbent after airing for 2-3 days, adding the metal adsorbent into the subsoil layer crushed soil after airing, mixing and stirring the subsoil layer crushed soil and the metal adsorbent uniformly, standing for a period of time after mixing, pushing the crushed soil of the subsoil layer to two sides piled above the surface layer soil to expose a subsoil layer, carrying out rotary tillage and soil crushing on the subsoil layer with the depth of 45 cm to 60 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil of the subsoil layer after crushing, adding the metal adsorbent after airing for 2-3 days, mixing and stirring uniformly, and standing for a period of time after mixing, and pushing the broken soil of the bottom soil layer to the upper part of the soil with two sides piled on the subsoil layer to expose the bottom ditch after standing.
And B: washing salt from the soil piles at two ends of the bottom ditch, arranging a plurality of irrigation pipes in the soil piles from top to bottom, irrigating the soil piles with fresh water from top to bottom, arranging drainage ditches in the bottom ditch, connecting the drainage ditches with the reservoir, irrigating the soil piles for 3 times every day for 3-4 days, flowing the irrigated water into the bottom ditch due to the height difference, flowing into the reservoir from the drainage ditches of the bottom ditch, airing after irrigating, and collecting the salt floating in the bottom ditch after airing.
Reconstructing soil, backfilling a soil pile into a bottom ditch, leveling the backfilled soil, ridging after leveling, wherein the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 60 cm, the width of the ridge top is 30 cm, the width of the ridge bottom is 70 cm, an irrigation water pipe is arranged at the ridge top, the distance between the ridges is 90 cm, salt-tolerant crops are planted at the ridge top, and a water-proof layer is arranged in the ridge at the position of 30 cm of the ridge height and comprises rags, broken stones, straws, soda lime and absorbent paper; arranging a metal adsorption layer in the ridge at the position of the ridge height of 20 cm, wherein the metal adsorption layer comprises bentonite, zeolite, diatomite, cotton fabric fiber, activated carbon and plant ash; and (4) adding a modifying agent into the ridge planted at the top of the ridge, and fertilizing at the bottom of the planted plants.
Step D: after the plants are planted for a period of time, the soil at the bottom of the ridge is replaced to the ridge after the plants are harvested, and the soil on the original ridge is removed.
The changes of the pH value and the content of heavy metal elements after the soil influent is treated as above are shown in the following table:
table 1: change of pH value
| Before treatment | After treatment | |
| pH value | 7.8-8.5 | 5.1-5.5 |
Table 2: amount of change (mg/Kg) of metal element in soil-1)
Claims (4)
1. A ridge slope type soil improvement method is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps: a, selecting a saline-alkali soil for planting plants for many years, cleaning sundries and stones on the saline-alkali soil, collecting the cleaned sundries and stones, cleaning the cleaned sundries and stones, detecting the pH value and the content of heavy metal elements of the saline-alkali soil, respectively detecting the pH value and the content of heavy metal elements of the collected soil at multiple positions on the saline-alkali soil, taking the average value as the initial pH value and the content of each metal element of the saline-alkali soil, dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of lands with equal areas, performing heavy metal element adsorption treatment on the plurality of lands with the same areas, performing rotary tillage and soil crushing on surface soil with the depth of 15 cm to 25 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil, putting a metal adsorbent into the land after airing for 1 day, adding the adsorbent, mixing and stirring the surface crushed soil and the metal adsorbent uniformly, standing the mixture for a period of time, standing, pushing the surface crushed soil to the core soil layer with the depth of 25-45 cm, rotary tillage and soil crushing with a rotary tillage device, drying the crushed soil in the core soil layer for 2-3 days, adding metal adsorbent, drying, adding metal adsorbent, mixing and stirring the core soil layer broken soil and the metal adsorbent uniformly, standing for a period of time after mixing, pushing the broken soil of the core soil layer to two sides to be stacked above surface soil to expose a bottom soil layer, carrying out rotary tillage and soil crushing on the bottom soil layer with the depth of 45-60 cm by using a rotary tillage device, airing the crushed soil of the bottom soil layer after crushing, adding the metal adsorbent after airing for 2-3 days, mixing and stirring uniformly, standing for a period of time after mixing, and pushing the broken soil of the bottom soil layer to two sides to be stacked above the core soil layer to expose a bottom ditch after standing; and B: washing salt from the soil piles at two ends of the bottom ditch; step C, reconstructing soil, backfilling soil piles into the bottom ditch, leveling the backfilled soil, ridging after leveling, arranging a waterproof layer in the ridge at the position of 30 cm of the ridge height, arranging a metal adsorption layer in the ridge at the position of 20 cm of the ridge height, adding a modifying agent into the ridge planted at the top of the ridge, and fertilizing at the bottom of the planted plants; step D: after the plants are planted for a period of time, the soil at the bottom of the ridge is replaced to the ridge after the plants are harvested, and the soil on the original ridge is removed; c, planting salt-tolerant crops on the ridge tops, wherein the ridges are trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 60 cm, the width of each ridge top is 30 cm, the width of each ridge bottom is 70 cm, an irrigation water pipe is arranged at each ridge top, the distance between every two ridges is 90 cm; the metal adsorption layer in the step C comprises bentonite, zeolite, diatomite, cotton cloth fiber, activated carbon and plant ash; in the step B, the salt washing mode is that a plurality of irrigation pipes are arranged in the soil heap from top to bottom, the soil heap is irrigated with fresh water from top to bottom, drainage ditches are arranged in the bottom ditch and connected with a reservoir, the soil heap is irrigated 3 times a day for 3-4 days, the irrigated water flows into the bottom ditch due to the height difference and flows into the reservoir from the drainage ditches in the bottom ditch, the irrigation water is aired, and the salt floating in the bottom ditch after airing is collected;
the method comprises the steps of thoroughly adsorbing and removing heavy metal elements in the soil at different depths by respectively carrying out rotary tillage and airing on surface layer soil, core layer soil and bottom layer soil and adsorbing the heavy metal elements, washing salt in each layer of soil into a bottom ditch by washing the piled soil with salt, collecting and thoroughly washing the salt in the soil at different depths, and carrying out soil reconstruction and ridging after salt washing;
the pH value after the soil treatment is changed from 7.8-8.5 before the treatment to 5.1-5.5 after the treatment, and the content of heavy metal elements is reduced to 565 mg/Kg-1The chromium content is reduced to 385 mg/Kg-1The lead content is reduced to 185 mg/Kg-1The reduction of copper is 543 mg/Kg-1。
2. The ridge slope type soil improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, the metal adsorbent comprises calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate, bentonite, calcium sulfate, zeolite, charcoal and plant ash.
3. The ridge slope type soil improvement method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the water separating layer in the step C comprises rag, broken stone, straw, soda lime and absorbent paper.
4. The ridge slope type soil improvement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and the modifying agent in the step C comprises furfural residues, sodium polyacrylate, citric acid, a microbial agent and humic acid.
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| CN113348804A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-09-07 | 中环循环境技术有限责任公司 | Method for passivation treatment of heavy metal pollution of farmland and reconstruction of soil nutrient health |
| CN115250672A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-01 | 利奥生态科技集团有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil treatment method |
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