CN109609192B - Two-section biomass gasification furnace gasification system - Google Patents
Two-section biomass gasification furnace gasification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109609192B CN109609192B CN201910078053.8A CN201910078053A CN109609192B CN 109609192 B CN109609192 B CN 109609192B CN 201910078053 A CN201910078053 A CN 201910078053A CN 109609192 B CN109609192 B CN 109609192B
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 al 2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011276 wood tar Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/06—Catalysts as integral part of gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/169—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with water treatments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gasification system of a high-efficiency energy-saving two-stage biomass gasification furnace, which belongs to the technical field of energy science and comprises the following components: the biomass gasification device comprises a bucket elevator, a biomass gasification furnace, a steam generator, an air preheater, a gas washing tower, a gas dryer, a gas cooler, a Roots blower and a gas collecting and storing cabinet, wherein the bucket elevator is connected to a closed storing hopper, and the lower part of the bucket elevator is connected with the gasification furnace. The gasification furnace is divided into a hearth, a catalytic reaction zone, a gas slag separation chamber and an ash outlet, and the lower part of the gasification furnace is connected with a water seal tank; the rear part of the gasification furnace is provided with a steam generator, the steam generator, a steam drum and a branch air cylinder form a circulation loop, and then the circulation loop sequentially passes through an air preheater, a gas washing tower, a gas dryer and a gas cooler and then is input into a gas collecting and storing cabinet through a Roots blower; the lower part of the system is provided with a sedimentation water tank. The system is firm and durable, safe and stable, simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in gasification efficiency, good in fuel gas quality, wide in material application range and relatively low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy science, in particular to a gasification system of a two-stage biomass gasification furnace.
Background
With sustainable and rapid development of domestic and foreign economy, the supply and demand gap of disposable resources such as petroleum, natural gas, coal gas and the like is increased year by year, and a novel fuel which is low in price, energy-saving, safe and clean is urgently needed to enter the market. Because the gas fuel is efficient, clean and convenient, the research and development of the biomass gasification technology is widely paid attention to at home and abroad, and the development of the biomass gasification technology is favored. The biomass energy resource capacity of western European countries is larger than the basic energy consumption of the countries, and the biomass energy resource capacity of western European countries respectively accounts for 4%, 10% and 16% of the basic energy consumption of the countries such as the United states, austria and Swedish. For this reason, researches and applications of biomass utilization technologies of various approaches are actively carried out in developed countries and developing countries, and at present, the main technical means for biomass energy development and utilization are as follows: biomass microbial fermentation, which comprises biomass biogas fermentation and biomass alcohol fermentation; biomass thermochemical conversion technology, which comprises biomass pyrolysis technology, biomass gasification technology, plant material compression molding and biological carbon production technology; biomass energy ecological engineering.
The biomass gasification technology has the basic principle that hydrocarbon chains with higher molecular weight in organic biomass are cracked under the condition of incomplete combustion, and are converted into combustible gases with lower molecular weight, such as CO, H 2、CH4 and the like through oxidation and reduction reactions, so that the biomass gasification technology is an efficient biomass energy conversion way. The combustible gas generated by gasifying the biomass can be widely used for cooking, heating, industrial heating and drying, can be used as fuel of a thermal power device such as an internal combustion engine, a gas turbine and the like, outputs electric power or power, and improves the energy grade and the utilization efficiency of the biomass.
The biomass gasification technology is a biomass energy utilization technology which is developed rapidly and reliably in recent years, a carrier selected by the biomass gasification technology which is mainstream in China at present is a fluidized bed gasification furnace, the reaction materials of the fluidized bed gasification furnace are often doped with carefully selected inert materials of sand, and under the action of blowing gasifying agents, the materials of particles, sand and gasifying agents are fully contacted and heated, and the biomass gasification furnace is in a boiling combustion state in the furnace, so that the gasification reaction speed is high, the production capacity is high, and the gasification efficiency is high. The temperature in the furnace is high and constant, and tar is cracked at high temperature to generate gas, so the tar content is smaller, and the discharged fuel gas only contains more ash. The main difference between the circulating fluidized bed gasifier and the uniflow bed is that the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is provided with a cyclone separator or a bag separator at the gas outlet to separate the carbon particles and sand carried by the gas, and the gas returns to the gasifier to participate in gasification reaction again. The circulating fluidized bed has higher combustion value and fewer unburnt substances, is the only gasifier for reaction on a constant-temperature bed, the gasification reaction is carried out in the bed, tar is cracked in the bed, carbon particles after gas-solid separation are continuously recycled into the reaction furnace, so that the large bed density is maintained, the particle density distribution on the section of the bed is uniform, and the carbon particles can stay in the bed for enough time to adapt to the requirement of slow reduction reaction speed, and the circulating fluidized bed is suitable for biomass materials with large moisture content, low heat value and difficult ignition. However, the disadvantage of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is that the pretreatment is required before the packing, and ash in the produced gas needs to be well purified, otherwise the abrasion to the components is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gasification system of a two-stage biomass gasification furnace, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a gasification system of a two-stage biomass gasification furnace mainly comprises: the biomass gasification furnace comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a catalytic reforming area between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and is specifically divided into a feed inlet, a hearth, a sintered corundum fixed grate, a catalytic reforming area, a slag gas separation chamber and an ash outlet at the lower end, wherein the ash outlet at the lower end is sequentially connected to a water seal tank and a water seal groove, the rear of the biomass gasification furnace is provided with the steam generator, the rear of the steam generator is connected to the air preheater, the air preheater adopts threads, cold air is fully absorbed by waste heat of the steam generator, the gas washing tower, the gas dryer, the gas cooler and the Roots blower gas collection tank are sequentially arranged behind the air preheater, and the gas washing tower, the slag gas separation chamber and the ash outlet at the lower end are sequentially provided with the condensate water collection tank, the condensate water is prevented from being returned to the water tank, and the condensate water collection tank.
Preferably, a star-shaped feeding valve and an electric gate valve are respectively arranged between the two stages of the closed hopper from top to bottom.
Preferably, the inner cylinder of the hearth adopts a conical design with a gradually-reduced caliber; the lower part of the hearth of the biomass gasification furnace, namely the upper part of the sintered corundum fixed grate is provided with an oxide layer, the upper part of the sintered corundum fixed grate at the lower part of the hearth is provided with a gasifying agent steam inlet, and the upper part of the gasifying agent steam inlet is provided with an air inlet; the method comprises the steps that a straight section of the lower part of a hearth with a gradually-reduced caliber is adopted as a gasification gas channel, a gasification gas outlet is communicated with a slag gas separation chamber, a grate, namely a sintered corundum fixed grate and a gasification gas channel, is arranged between the hearth and the slag gas separation chamber, the upper part of the slag gas separation chamber is provided with a gasification gas outflow gasification furnace channel, a catalytic reforming zone is arranged in the outflow gasification furnace channel, a removable honeycomb catalytic reaction catalyst device is arranged in the catalytic reforming zone, and the gasification gas is further cracked and reformed by means of the self energy of the gasification gas and the honeycomb catalytic reaction catalyst device, so that phenols and naphthalene macromolecules generated in the gasification process are converted into combustible gases such as methane, hydrogen and CO; the catalyst used in the removable honeycomb catalytic reaction catalyst device arranged in the catalytic reforming zone is a honeycomb body made of dolomite, al 2O3、Cr2O3 and the like, and gasified gas flows through a gas channel in the honeycomb body, and phenolic and naphthalene macromolecules can be cracked into combustible gases such as methane, hydrogen, CO and the like within the temperature range of 450-750 ℃ through the catalyst. The inside of the biomass gasification furnace is an oxidation zone, a reaction zone and a catalytic reforming zone of each gasification layer, the outer layer is an insulating layer, the insulating layer is filled with insulating materials such as aluminum silicate fibers, a feed inlet is arranged at the furnace top, flange sealing is adopted, an ash outlet is arranged at the bottom of a hearth, the biomass gasification furnace is sequentially connected to a water seal tank and a water seal tank below, a liquid level meter is arranged in the water seal tank, the water level in the tank is controlled, a slag dragging machine is arranged at the upper part of the water seal tank, and solid ash slag generated in the combustion and gasification processes is discharged.
Preferably, the rear part of the biomass gasification furnace is connected to an air preheater, an air flow control valve is arranged at the inlet of the air preheater, cold air with controlled flow is continuously supplied according to the oxidation process of providing gasification energy, and the cold air is heated by heat exchange between the air preheater and hot gasification gas and then is fed into the gasification furnace.
Preferably, the gas cooler mainly comprises three parts, wherein the first part is connected with a circulating water heat exchange surface arranged in the gas cooler through a circulating water pump, a water tank and a pipeline, and is used for carrying out heat exchange cooling on gasification gas; the second part of the gas cooler is connected with the air blower and an air heat exchange surface arranged in the gas cooler through pipelines, and the cold air is used for carrying out heat exchange and cooling on the gasified gas; the third part is that the water supply of the steam generator is pumped into a water supply heating surface arranged in the gas cooler by a boiler water supply pump to be heated and then is sent to the steam generator, and the heat exchange cooling is carried out on gasification gas by utilizing the water supply of the steam generator.
Preferably, a demister is arranged at the front part of the gas collecting and storing cabinet to remove residual moisture in the gasified gas and improve the quality of the gasified gas.
Preferably, the washing waste liquid generated by the gas washing tower, the gas dryer and the condensed water generated by the gas collecting and storing cabinet are discharged into a sedimentation water tank below, and a circulation loop is formed between the sedimentation water tank and the gas washing tower through a circulating water pump and a pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that the quality and gasification efficiency of the gasification gas are greatly improved by reasonably designing the internal structure of the gasification furnace, the quality of the gasification gas can be improved to more than 3500Kcal/Nm 3 from 1500Kcal/Nm 3, the gasification efficiency is more than 70%, meanwhile, the material adaptability is stronger, the gasification gas does not contain wood tar substances with adhesiveness, such as phenols, naphthalenes and the like, and the quality of the gas is effectively improved by dust removal, deacidification, dehydration and the like through a flue gas purification link, ash and waste water are timely separated, treated or recycled, and the waste water can be recycled after sedimentation treatment and desliming, so that no sewage discharge is realized; the refractory material and the heat-insulating material which meet the requirements of biomass gasification catalysis are selected, so that the rapid and thorough completion of the gasification process can be facilitated, the energy consumption is reduced, the equipment abrasion is reduced, and the requirements of firmness, durability, safety and stability in operation are met; the system has simple main structure and convenient maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram of a biomass gasifier;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a biomass gasifier;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a biomass gasifier;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A plane in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B plane of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the C-C plane of FIG. 2;
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the D-D plane of fig. 2.
In the figure, 1, a bucket elevator, 2, a biomass gasifier, 3, a steam generator, 4, an air preheater, 5, a gas washing tower, 6, a gas dryer, 7, a gas cooler, 8, a Roots blower, 9, a gas collecting and storing cabinet, 10, a closed feeding hopper, 11, a star-shaped feeding valve, 12, an electric gate valve, 13, a check valve, 14, a water tank, 15, a blower, 16, a sedimentation tank, 17, a slag conveyor, 18, a hearth, 19, a sintered corundum fixed grate, 20, a catalytic reforming zone, 21, a water seal tank, 22, a water seal tank, 23, a slag gas separation chamber, 24, a liquid level meter, 25, a feed inlet, 26, a gasifier ash outlet, 27, an air inlet, 28, a gasifying agent steam inlet, 29 and a gasifying gas channel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-7, a gasification system of a two-stage biomass gasification furnace comprises: the biomass gasification furnace comprises a bucket elevator 1, a biomass gasification furnace 2, a steam generator 3, an air preheater 4, a gas washing tower 5, a gas dryer 6, a gas cooler 7, a Roots blower 8 and a gas collecting and storing cabinet 9, wherein a closed hopper 10 is arranged at the top of the bucket elevator 1, the closed hopper 10 is divided into three stages from top to bottom, the lower part of the closed hopper 10 at the third stage is connected to the biomass gasification furnace 2, the biomass gasification furnace 2 consists of an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a catalytic reforming zone 20 between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the biomass gasification furnace 2 comprises a feed inlet 25, a hearth 18, a sintered corundum fixed grate 19, a catalytic reforming zone 20, a slag gas separation chamber 23 and a lower gasification furnace ash outlet 26, and the sintered corundum fixed grate 19 is arranged in the hearth 18; the biomass gasification furnace 2 is provided with a steam generator 3 at the rear, the rear part of the steam generator 3 is connected to an air preheater 4, an air flow control valve is arranged at the inlet of the air preheater 4, cold air with controlled flow is continuously supplied according to the oxidation process of providing gasification energy, and the cold air is heated by heat exchange between the air preheater and hot gasification gas and then is fed into the gasification furnace; the air preheater 4 is sequentially provided with a gas washing tower 5, a gas dryer 6 and a gas cooler 7, wherein the gas cooler 7 mainly comprises three parts, and the first part is connected with a circulating water heat exchange surface arranged in the gas cooler 7 through a circulating water pump, a water tank 14 and a pipeline to exchange heat and cool gasification gas; the second part of the gas cooler 7 is connected with the blower 15 and an air heat exchange surface arranged in the gas cooler 7 through pipelines, and the cold air is used for carrying out heat exchange and cooling on gasification gas; the third part is that the water supply of the steam generator 3 is pumped into a water supply heating surface arranged in the gas cooler 7 by a boiler water supply pump to be heated and then is sent to the steam generator 3, and the heat exchange cooling is carried out on gasification gas by utilizing the water supply of the steam generator 3; the Roots blower 8 behind the gas cooler 7 guides the gasified gas into a gas collecting and storing cabinet 9 arranged at the back, and a demister is arranged at the inlet of the gas collecting and storing cabinet 9 to further dehydrate the gasified gas and improve the quality of the gasified gas; the gas washing tower 5, the gas dryer 6 and the gas collection storage cabinet 9 are connected to a sedimentation tank 16 below, condensed water and washing wastewater are discharged out of the system, the gas washing tower 5 and the sedimentation tank 16 form a circulating loop through a circulating water pump and a pipeline, combustible gas is fully washed, and check valves 13 are respectively arranged on pipelines between the lower ends of the gas washing tower 5, the gas dryer 6 and the gas collection storage cabinet 9 and the sedimentation tank 16, so that water vapor backflow is avoided.
The inner cylinder of the hearth 18 is of a conical design with a gradually-reduced caliber, so that the combustion efficiency is effectively improved, a gasifying agent is preheated in an oxidation zone at the lower part of the biomass gasification furnace 2, is fed into the hearth 18 to enter the hearth through a gasification gas channel 29, is combusted by intensively supplying oxygen in the center of the hearth 18, and enters the hearth 18 to participate in gasification reaction; the gasification gas generated by combustion enters a slag gas separation chamber 23 through a gasification gas channel 29 at the lower straight section of the hearth 18, a gasification gas outflow gasification furnace channel is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the biomass gasification furnace 2 above the slag gas separation chamber 23, the gas generated by the slag gas separation chamber 23 at the lower part of the biomass gasification furnace 2 flows out of the biomass gasification furnace 2 through a catalytic reforming zone 20 arranged in the gasification furnace channel, a removable catalytic reaction catalyst device is arranged in the catalytic reforming zone 20, and the gasification gas is further cracked and reformed by depending on the self energy of the gasification gas and the catalytic reaction catalyst device, so that phenols and naphthalene macromolecules generated in the gasification process are converted into combustible gases such as methane, hydrogen and CO, and the quality of the gasification gas is improved; the catalyst used by the removable catalytic reaction device arranged in the catalytic reforming zone 20 is a honeycomb body made of dolomite, al 2O3、Cr2O3 and the like, and the gasified gas flows through a gas channel in the honeycomb body, and can be cracked into combustible gases such as methane, hydrogen, CO and the like in the range of 450-750 ℃ for phenols and naphthalene macromolecules through the catalyst. The inside of the biomass gasification furnace 2 is an oxidation zone, a reaction zone and a catalytic reforming zone of each gasification layer, the outer layer is an insulation layer filled with insulation materials such as aluminum silicate fiber and the like, the furnace top is a feed inlet 25, a flange plate is adopted for sealing, the bottom of the hearth 18 is provided with an ash outlet, the biomass gasification furnace is sequentially connected to a water seal tank 21 and a water seal tank 22 below, a liquid level meter 24 is arranged in the water seal tank 21 and is used for measuring the water level condition in the water seal tank 21, a slag conveyor 16 is arranged at the upper part of the water seal tank 22, and solid ash slag generated in the combustion and gasification process is discharged.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A two-stage biomass gasifier gasification system comprising: bucket elevator (1), biomass gasification stove (2), steam generator (3), air heater (4), gas scrubber (5), gas dryer (6), gas cooler (7), roots fan (8), gas collection store up cabinet (9), its characterized in that: the upper part of the bucket elevator (1) is connected with a closed hopper (10), the closed hopper (10) is divided into three stages from top to bottom, a biomass gasification furnace (2) is arranged below the closed hopper of the third stage, the biomass gasification furnace (2) is composed of an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a catalytic reforming zone (20) between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the biomass gasification furnace is specifically divided into a feed inlet (25), a hearth (18), a sintered corundum fixed grate (19), the catalytic reforming zone (20), a slag gas separation chamber (23) and an ash outlet (26) at the lower end, a steam generator (3) is arranged behind the biomass gasification furnace (2), an air preheater (4) is arranged behind the steam generator (3), and a gas washing tower (5), a gas dryer (6), a gas cooler (7), a Roots blower (8) and a gas collecting and storing cabinet (9) are sequentially arranged behind the air preheater (4); a sedimentation water tank (16) is arranged below the gas washing tower (5), the gas dryer (6) and the gas collection storage cabinet (9), and a check valve (13) is arranged on a pipeline between the lower ends of the gas washing tower (5), the gas dryer (6) and the gas collection storage cabinet (9) and the sedimentation water tank (16);
The inner cylinder of the hearth (18) adopts a conical design with a gradually-reduced caliber; the outer layer of the biomass gasification furnace (2) is an insulating layer which is filled with aluminum silicate fiber insulating materials, and a feed inlet (25) arranged on the furnace top is sealed by adopting a flange; the lower part of the biomass gasification furnace (2), namely the upper part of the sintered corundum fixed grate (19), is provided with an oxidation zone, the upper part of the sintered corundum fixed grate (19) at the lower part of the hearth (18) is provided with a gasifying agent steam inlet, the upper part of the gasifying agent steam inlet is provided with an air inlet (27), hot air required by oxygen supply is supplied, and heat generated by oxidation reaction is used as energy required by biomass gasification; the upper part of the sintered corundum fixed grate (19) is a main gasification area; the furnace body is formed by a furnace chamber (18) and a slag gas separation chamber (23) communicated with the furnace chamber, a gasification gas channel (29) is arranged at the lower straight section of the furnace chamber with a gradually-reduced caliber, a gasification gas outlet is communicated with the slag gas separation chamber (23), and a sintered corundum fixed grate (19) and the gasification gas channel (29) are arranged between the furnace chamber (18) and the slag gas separation chamber (23); the upper part of the slag gas separation chamber (23) is provided with a gasification gas outflow gasifier channel, a catalytic reforming zone (20) is arranged in the gasification gas outflow gasifier channel, and a removable honeycomb catalyst device is arranged in the catalytic reforming zone (20); the catalyst adopted by the catalyst device is a honeycomb body made of dolomite or Al 2O3 or Cr 2O3; the bottom of the furnace is provided with an ash outlet, the ash outlet is sequentially connected to a water-sealed tank (21) and a water-sealed tank (22) below, a liquid level meter (24) is arranged in the water-sealed tank (22), and a slag dragging machine (17) is arranged at the upper part of the water-sealed tank (22);
The rear part of the biomass gasification furnace (2) is connected with an air preheater (4), an air flow control valve is arranged at the inlet of the air preheater (4), and the outlet at the upper end of the air preheater (4) is connected to an air inlet (27) of the gasification furnace through a pipeline.
2. The two-stage biomass gasifier gasification system according to claim 1, wherein: a star-shaped feeding valve (11) and an electric gate valve (12) are arranged between two stages of the closed hopper (10) from top to bottom.
3. The two-stage biomass gasifier gasification system according to claim 1, wherein: the gas cooler (7) mainly comprises three parts, wherein the first part is connected with a circulating water heat exchange surface arranged in the gas cooler (7) through a circulating water pump, a water tank (14) and a pipeline, and is used for carrying out heat exchange and cooling on gasification gas; the second part of the gas cooler (7) is connected with the air blower (15) and an air heat exchange surface arranged in the gas cooler (7) through pipelines, and the cold air is used for carrying out heat exchange cooling on gasification gas; the third part is that the water supply of the steam generator (3) is pumped into a water supply heating surface built in the gas cooler (7) through a boiler water supply pump to be heated and then is sent to the steam generator (3), and the heat exchange cooling is carried out on gasification gas by utilizing the water supply of the steam generator (3).
4. The two-stage biomass gasifier gasification system according to claim 1, wherein: the front part of the gas collection storage cabinet (9) is provided with a demister.
5. The two-stage biomass gasifier gasification system according to claim 1, wherein: the washing waste liquid generated by the gas washing tower (5) and condensed water generated by the gas dryer (6) and the gas collecting and storing cabinet (9) are discharged into a sedimentation water tank (16) below; the sedimentation water tank (16) and the gas washing tower (5) form a circulation loop through a circulating water pump and a pipeline.
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| CN104830377A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-12 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Biocarbon/steam co-production device and technology through biomass pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion sectional conversion |
| CN105349184A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 浙江大学 | Compound furnace catalysis vaporization device and method |
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| JPH08217401A (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 1996-08-27 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Fuel reformer |
| JP4196515B2 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2008-12-17 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Waste gasification method and apparatus |
| JP2004212032A (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-07-29 | Ebara Corp | Fluidized bed gasification furnace |
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| CN104830377A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-12 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Biocarbon/steam co-production device and technology through biomass pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion sectional conversion |
| CN105349184A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 浙江大学 | Compound furnace catalysis vaporization device and method |
| CN209778759U (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-12-13 | 大连科林能源工程技术开发有限公司 | High-efficiency energy-saving two-section type biomass gasification furnace gasification system |
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