CN109602848A - 治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物 - Google Patents
治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材:白术20‑24份,瓜蒌16‑18份,鸡内金18‑20份,柴胡12‑15份,香附12‑15份,丹皮18‑20份,桂枝12‑15份,白芍20‑24份,麦冬20‑24份,亚麻籽12‑15份,石菖蒲10‑12份,葛根20‑30份,白芷15‑20份,忍冬藤15‑20份,蝉蜕12‑15份,桔梗12‑15份。将上述中药材混合投入中药配方颗粒制粒机中,经现代制药技术的提取、浓缩、分离、干燥、制成治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药散剂,然后分装为小包装中。本发明治疗效果好,总有效率在82%以上,其中显效率为56%以上。本发明制剂具有直接冲服、作用迅速、安全卫生、携带保存方便等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会发展和人民生活水平的提高,动脉粥样硬化(AS)在中年人群的患病率逐年上升,并且已经成为许多慢性疾病的重要的危险因素,其中所形成的动脉内中膜斑块是致病的关键环节。西医认为,动脉粥样硬化斑块是指在动脉及其分支的动脉壁内膜及内膜以下有脂质沉着,同时伴有中层平滑肌细胞移行至内膜下增生,使内膜增厚,并突出血管壁形成的黄色或灰黄色状如粥样的物质。斑块增大造成的管腔狭窄,以及稳定型斑块破裂形成的血栓,是各种心脑血管事件的罪魁祸首。临床和实验研究均已证实,动脉硬化斑块可以进展,也可以长期稳定,或者被逆转。引起这些变化的原因就在于是否对其进行干预,阻断其形成的病理环节。
中医理论没有与“动脉粥样硬化斑块”相对应的病名,认为该病属于“脉痹”、“脂浊”、“人迎脉积”的病证范畴。“脉痹”,出自于《素问·痹论》,本义为风寒湿三气杂至,营卫失调,与邪气相合,凝涩于脉而引起的一系列病证。“脂浊”是指在体内循环血液中增高的或者异常的脂质物质,是内生之痰邪的主要成分,可以引起体内诸多组织器官的器质性疾病。“人迎脉积”是现代学者根据《内经》有关“人迎脉” 的论述,对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块提出的中医病名。中医认为动脉粥样硬化的形成是体内多个脏腑功能紊乱、正虚邪实、气血失于疏调的结果,其斑块的核心病机是循环血液中痰、瘀、毒等物质的集聚。在发生机制上有脂浊致病、火热致病、本虚标实、痰瘀毒等学说,多从虚、实、虚实夹杂论治,有泻火解毒,健脾化痰,活血化瘀,补气养阴、温阳通络等中药及制剂,以延缓动脉硬化的进展或逆转其斑块。
目前,西医治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块以调脂药物联合抗凝药物为主,服药周期较长。长期服用这些药物会给患者身体带来一些相应的副作用。同时,由于疗程较长,且这类药物价格较高,会给患者及其家庭带来一定的经济负担。而颈动脉斑块的介入手术治疗,在治疗风险和费用上,都会给患者带来一定的精神和经济负担。发挥中医药特长,找到一种可以有效治疗颈动脉硬化斑块的中药组合物,是本领域技术人员亟待要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物及其制备方法,旨在解决上述问题。通过对本发明中药组合物的临床观察,疗效确切,效果良好。本发明同时公开其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材:白术20-24份,瓜蒌16-18份,鸡内金18-20份,柴胡12-15份,香附12-15份,丹皮18-20份,桂枝12-15份,白芍20-24份,麦冬20-24份,亚麻籽12-15份,石菖蒲10-12份,葛根20-30份,白芷15-20份,忍冬藤15-20份,蝉蜕12-15份,桔梗12-15份。
优选下列质量份的中药组合物,白术24份,瓜蒌18份,鸡内金18份,柴胡12份,香附12份,丹皮24份,桂枝12份,白芍20份,麦冬24份,亚麻籽12份,石菖蒲12份,葛根24份,白芷12份,忍冬藤18份,蝉蜕12份,桔梗12份。
本发明中药组合物的制备方法是:将上述中药材混合投入中药配方颗粒制粒机中,经现代制药技术的提取、浓缩、分离、干燥、制成治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药散剂,然后分装为一次性5g/包的小包装中。
本发明中药组合物的使用方法是:每天早、晚饭前服用,每次用温开水将一小袋中药散剂直接冲服,6个月为一个疗程,连续服用2-3个疗程。
本发明的中药组合物,主要是结合患有单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中年人体内血液生化检查指标的特点,从健脾化湿、疏肝理气机制治疗“脂浊”,用清热、疏风、散结的药物干预“脉痹”。
与已经发生心、脑血管疾病的中年人以及老患者相比,患有单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中年人,在其体内血液生化检测指标中,脂质异常更加突出。也就是说,除血脂系列外,他们体内反映重要脏器功能的指标,如心脏的心肌酶系列、肝肾功能的转氨酶和血肌酐等指标,以及循环血液的出、凝血系列,水电解质平衡指标,基本都在正常值范围之内。机体体内血脂物质的增高,使血液粘稠,血流缓慢,导致组织器官微循环的淤阻,出现供血不足而影响其正常机能,进而产生新的痰浊和/或瘀、毒性质的等物质,由此形成恶性循环。血脂异常是动脉血管发生粥样硬化的基础,调节体内脂质物质的代谢,降低血清脂质物质的指标,是治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的重要措施之一。体内的脂质物质,主要来源于人体消化系统器官对所摄入饮食物的代谢和转化,其中肝胆组织与胃肠道黏膜细胞所分泌的各种消化酶在脂质物质的代谢中起着重要的作用,消化道内所寄生的正常菌群对脂质代谢也十分重要。中医的肝、胆、脾、胃和大、小肠脏腑,都是人体消化系统的组织器官,脂质物质的代谢与转化,是这些脏腑组织整体功能的体现。中医理论认为,脾为“后天之本”,主运化水谷和水液;肾为“先天之本”,主水,滋养脾阳,衍生万物;肝肾同源,肝主疏泄,调畅全身组织器官的气机。脾、肝、肾脏器是生成人体生命活动所需能量物质的核心器官。中医阴阳学说认为,阴阳是一组对立统一事物性能的体现。在人体,气血是阴阳,脏腑也是阴阳。气为阳,血为阴;脏为阴,腑为阳。《素问·阴阳应象大论》曰:“年四十,而阴气自半也,起居衰矣”。其意思可以理解为当人们步入四十岁的时候,体内包括肝、脾、肾等在内之脏内组织的机能,是呈现生理性的衰减状态。《素问·上古天真论》说:“男子五八,肾气衰,发堕齿槁;女子六七,三阳脉衰于上,面皆焦,发始白”。进一步说明了,无论男女,年过四十岁以后,体内组织器官生理功能衰退导致了外在客观表现。“阴气自半”可能也是中年人高脂血症发生率增高的内因之一。此外,随着社会科学技术的进步,日常生活中的饮食失宜、劳逸失度或情志异常等,或多或少地加速了动脉粥样硬化和斑块的形成。高脂血症可以使体内循环血液的粘稠度增高,使血流缓慢,导致脏腑等组织的微循环淤阻。微循环淤滞又可以引起相应组织器官的供血减少,甚至导致其机能的失代偿,从而产生新的痰浊、瘀血或热毒等病理产物。这些物质入血后,则形成恶性循环,促使了动脉粥样硬化的弥散或形成斑块。由此可知,动脉粥样硬化及其斑块的形成,不仅涉及多个脏腑组织,而且还是一个渐进而又较漫长的历程。因此,干预动脉粥样硬化及其斑块的治疗,是需要达到一定的时间,才可以取得疗效。
机体动脉血管的管壁是由内膜、中膜和外膜组织共同组成,其中内膜与中膜之间没有严格的分界,在血管超声检查中统称为“内中膜”。动脉血管的内中膜直接与循环血液接触,是血液中的各种物质发生沉积的首发部位。事实上,血流中脂质物质在动脉管壁的沉积,与皮肤疾病中的“色素沉着症” 相类似。或者说,动脉粥样硬化是发生在动脉血管内中膜部位的一种“内源性的脂质物质沉积症”,而斑块则是血管壁内中膜组织与血流中的脂质等物质彼此相互作用的结果,类似于皮下结节或皮肤疔疮等病证。
对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中医辨证思路,是依据中医整体观念、阴阳学说、辨证论治等理论,对机体动脉血管及其它组织,从物质的动静性能和结构层次上进行表里辨证。将机体动脉血管的内中膜,比拟为体表之皮肤,借鉴了皮肤病的治法,对动脉粥样硬化斑块进行治疗。因为在机体动脉内中膜的表面,有循环血液物质在有序流动,就如同河流中泥沙沉积一般,血液中的脂质物质,才有随血流沉积到动脉内中膜的机会。如果以物质的动、静性能为阴阳标志,流动性能的物质为阳,如血液、水、水汽等物质,所承载它们的物质则为阴,如血管、血管下面的各层组织等;又因为阴阳的无限可分性,在属阴的承载流动物质的所有组织物质中,如血管及与血管紧密连接的各层组织,其中的动脉血管的内中膜组织,是所有所承载血流的物质中的最表层的组织。也就是说,因为与流动的血液直接接触,动脉血管内中膜是其下所有关联组织物质的最表层结构。好比人体体表的皮肤一样,皮肤与气流接触,血管内中膜与血流接触。人体动脉血管的内膜由内皮细胞组成,内皮细胞也是体内微循环血管的基本组成单位。表皮细胞是皮肤系统的最表层组织。血管内皮细胞与体表表皮细胞相互比较,它们的共同特点是面积庞大,分布广泛,都与循环流动的物质直接接触,同时自身还具有一定的通透性能,使循环物质在一定条件下可以出入。两者在性能上的相似性,表明了治疗动脉粥样硬化斑块,借鉴皮肤病治法的可行性。故此,我们将皮肤病学中治疗“皮肤色素沉积”、“皮肤苔藓样变”、“皮下结节”或“疔疮”等病证的理念,应用在本发明配方中。同时,兼顾治疗颈动脉粥样硬化斑块所需服药疗程长的特点,没有选用如丹参、水蛭、大黄、枳实,黄芪、当归、地黄等有较强活血化瘀、化浊泻下和补益功效的中草药。在保证临床疗效的基础上,注重了用药的安全性。
本发明的中药组合物中,白术、瓜蒌、鸡内金、葛根、白芷、柴胡、香附、丹皮、白芍、桂枝,合为君药和臣药,目的是健脾疏肝益肾,减少体内脂质物质的产生;佐以忍冬藤、麦冬、亚麻籽、石菖蒲、蝉蜕、桔梗,以清热育阴祛风通络,针对颈动脉血管内中膜局部的粥样硬化和斑块病变;用葛根、白芷作为使药,突出了阳明脾胃在脂质物质化生和运行方面的作用。中药组合物中有健脾疏肝益肾功效的药物,主要为归脾、胃、肝、胆、三焦、肾经等的健脾燥湿化痰药物和疏肝理气和血的药物。如白术健脾燥湿理气;瓜蒌清热涤痰,宽胸散结,润燥滑肠;鸡内金消食积;葛根、白芷均为阳明经引经药,有解肌发表和生肌、去面皯疪瘢的作用。柴胡归心包络、肝、三焦和胆经,疏肝解郁,升举阳气;香附疏肝理气,归肝、三焦经,兼通十二经气分;丹皮归心、肝、肾经,《本经》中有“主寒热,中风,痉,惊痫邪气,除坚癥瘀血留舍肠胃,安五脏,疗痈疮。”记载。白芍与桂枝,是一个药对,有调和营卫、通阳固阴,通脉化瘀的功效。如《经方配伍用药指南》曰:“桂枝温阳以宣畅气机,通经而化瘀行滞。”《名医别录》中芍药“通顺血脉,缓中,散恶血,逐贼血。组合物中的忍冬藤、麦冬、亚麻籽、石菖蒲、蝉蜕、桔梗,为清热育阴和通络散结功效,其中忍冬藤,甘寒,归肺胃大肠经,多用于痈肿疮毒,本品又能清经络中风湿热邪而止疼痛,故用于风湿热痹等证;石菖蒲通透五脏六腑,为十二经、十五络之药;蝉蜕归肺、肝经,疏散风热,透疹退翳;桔梗在《别录》中记载有“利五脏肠胃,补血气,除寒热、风痹、温中消谷,疗喉咽痛”。麦冬滋阴,亚麻籽补充机体物质新陈代谢所需要的必需脂肪酸,且具有增强机体免疫力的作用。综观全方,以健脾理气化浊,疏风和血通络为法则,达到对中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块病证的干预和治疗。
为验证本发明的中药组合物治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的治疗效果,发明人统计了近年来利用本发明中药组合物治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的药效效果观察。
1、纳入标准(参照张玮,王世民.颈动脉粥样硬化板块的超声诊断及其临床意义[J].国际脑血管病杂志,2006,14(2):128-131)
⑴ 年龄45岁-55岁;排除患有心、脑以及周围血管等疾病。
⑵ 符合临床超声检查颈动脉斑块判断标准:内膜光滑为颈动脉 IMT <
1.0 mm,内膜增厚为IMT 在 1.0-1.3 mm或有斑块。
(3)能够配合治疗,按时复查,同时对服药疗程和相关事项知情,并自愿签署知情同意书者。
2、疗效判定标准(参照中华人民共和国卫生部.《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(中药新药临床研究指导原则 [M].第2辑,1995:210)对颈动脉斑块的临床疗效进行判断。
(1)显效:颈动脉斑块在经过治疗后得以消失,或是与治疗前比较有所减少,减少程度在 50% 以上;
(2)有效:斑块在治疗后与治疗前比较有 30% 以上的减少或是缩小;
(3)无效:斑块减少或缩小程度小于 29%。
统计2015年-2017年间中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块病例119例,年龄在40-55岁,其中男性72例,女性47例。
3、治疗效果
治疗效果见表1。
统计结果可见,本发明中药组合物治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的总有效率在81%以上,其中显效率为56%以上。由于该病证的用药特点为起效慢,疗程久,并且易受其他因素干扰,因此,该治疗效果属于是比较理想的疗效,优于现有中、西医治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的方案。
4、典型病例举例
(1)张某,男,43 岁,山西娄烦县人。体检时发现右侧颈动脉斑块半年,符合临床超声检查颈动脉斑块判断标准,自愿配合治疗,按时复查。按本发明实施例1,服用2个疗程后,超声检查原颈动脉斑块减少了69%。
(2)许某,男,50岁,山西太原万柏林区人。患者体检时发现左侧颈动脉斑块2年,就诊时符合临床超声检查颈动脉斑块判断标准,承诺配合治疗,按时复查。按本发明实施例1,服用2个疗程后,超声检查颈动脉斑块减少了54%。
(3)钱某,女,49 岁,山西太谷县人。患者体检时发现双侧颈动脉斑块18个月,服用调脂药物治疗1年。符合临床超声检查颈动脉斑块判断标准,承诺配合治疗,按时复查。按本发明实施例1,服用2个疗程后,超声检查颈动脉斑块减少了44%,继续服用1个疗程后,超声检查颈动脉斑块减少了61%。
(4)王某,男,53岁,山西五台县人。体检发现左侧颈动脉斑块3年,肥胖,饮食控制和调脂药物治疗。就诊时符合临床超声检查颈动脉斑块判断标准,承诺配合治疗,按时复查。按本发明实施例1,服用2个疗程后,超声检查颈动脉斑块减少了39%,继续服用1个疗程后,超声检查颈动脉斑块减少了52%。
本发明与现有中药组合物相比,其有益效果是:
(1)针对中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,应用了清热和血、疏风散结的药
物。对机体动脉血管、血液及其它组织,从物质的动、静性能和结构层次上进行表里辨证,将机体动脉血管的内中膜,比拟为体表之皮肤,借鉴了治疗皮肤疾病的方法,对动脉粥样硬化斑块进行干预治疗。
(2)本发明配方没有选用有较强活血化瘀、泻下或补益功效的药物,而是常用的有健脾化湿、疏肝理气功效的药物,以及药食两用的药物。突出了配方宜于久服的安全性能。事实上,从减少体内增高的脂质物质着手,可以直接降低血液粘稠度,改善重要脏腑组织的供氧,从而减少了血液中瘀、毒物质的产生,阻断其恶性循环,更加有益于延缓动脉粥样硬化的进展和稳定斑块。
⑵本发明药物采用了现代制药工艺的提取、浓缩、分离、干燥和包装技术,
保证了原中药饮片的全部特征,药性强、药效高,同时又不需要煎煮,剂型趋于西药,安全卫生,携带和保存方便,直接冲服,服药者依存性较好。
实施例1
治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材:白术24份,瓜蒌18份,鸡内金18份,柴胡12份,香附12份,丹皮20份,桂枝12份,白芍20份,麦冬20份,亚麻籽12份,石菖蒲12份,葛根24份,白芷18份,忍冬藤18份,蝉蜕12份,桔梗12份。
该中药组合物的制备方法是:将上述中药材混合投入中药配方颗粒制粒机中,经现代制药技术的提取、浓缩、分离、干燥、制成治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药散剂,然后分装为一次性5g/包的小包装中。
该中药组合物的使用方法是:每天早、晚饭前服用,每次用温开水将一小袋中药散剂直接冲服,6个月为一个疗程,连续服用2-3个疗程。
实施例2
治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材:白术20份,瓜蒌16份,鸡内金18份,柴胡12份,香附12份,丹皮18份,桂枝12份,白芍20份,麦冬20份,亚麻籽12份,石菖蒲10份,葛根24份,白芷16份,忍冬藤16份,蝉蜕12份,桔梗10份。
该中药组合物的制备方法和使用方法同实施例1。
实施例3
治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材:白术24份,瓜蒌18份,鸡内金20份,柴胡12份,香附12份,丹皮20份,桂枝12份,白芍24份,麦冬24份,亚麻籽12份,石菖蒲12份,葛根30份,白芷20份,忍冬藤20份,蝉蜕12份,桔梗12份。
该中药组合物的制备方法和使用方法同实施例1。
实施例4
治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材:白术24份,瓜蒌18份,鸡内金18份,柴胡12份,香附12份,丹皮20份,桂枝12份,白芍20份,麦冬20份,亚麻籽12份,石菖蒲12份,葛根24份,白芷16份,忍冬藤16份,蝉蜕12份,桔梗12份。
该中药组合物的制备方法和使用方法同实施例1。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材:白术20-24份,瓜蒌16-18份,鸡内金18-20份,柴胡12-15份,香附12-15份,丹皮18-20份,桂枝12-15份,白芍20-24份,麦冬20-24份,亚麻籽12-15份,石菖蒲10-12份,葛根20-30份,白芷12-20份,忍冬藤12-20份,蝉蜕12-15份,桔梗12-15份;
所述中药组合物的制备方法是:将上述中药材混合投入中药配方颗粒制粒机中,经现代制药技术的提取、浓缩、分离、干燥、制成治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药散剂,然后分装为一次性5g/包的小包装中;
所述中药组合物的使用方法是:每天早、晚饭前服用,每次用温开水将一小袋中药散剂直接冲服,6个月为一个疗程,连续服用2-3个疗程。
2.一种治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药组合物,包括下列质量份的中药材,白术20份,瓜蒌18份,鸡内金18份,柴胡12份,香附12份,丹皮20份,桂枝12份,白芍20份,麦冬24份,亚麻籽12份,石菖蒲12份,葛根24份,白芷15份,忍冬藤15份,蝉蜕12份,桔梗12份;
所述中药组合物的制备方法是:将上述中药材混合投入中药配方颗粒制粒机中,经现代制药技术的提取、浓缩、分离、干燥、制成治疗中年人单纯颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的中药散剂,然后分装为一次性5g/包的小包装中;
所述中药组合物的使用方法是:每天早、晚饭前服用,每次用温开水将一小袋中药散剂直接冲服,6个月为一个疗程,连续服用2-3个疗程。
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王炜为,等: ""李如奎治疗动脉粥样硬化经验"", 《中医文献杂志》 * |
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