CN109601437B - Method for stress secretion and collection of loach mucus - Google Patents
Method for stress secretion and collection of loach mucus Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601437B CN109601437B CN201910073639.5A CN201910073639A CN109601437B CN 109601437 B CN109601437 B CN 109601437B CN 201910073639 A CN201910073639 A CN 201910073639A CN 109601437 B CN109601437 B CN 109601437B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/60—Fish, e.g. seahorses; Fish eggs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for stress secretion and collection of loach mucus, which comprises the following steps of (1) selecting raw materials; (2) removing dirt; (3) boxing; (4) secretion of mucus; (5) collecting mucus; (6) mucus pretreatment; (7) purifying mucus; (8) preserving mucus; the loach mucus collected by the method is high in yield and purity, is harmless to the loaches, does not affect further processing and utilization of the loaches, and compared with the traditional collection process, the method shortens the time, saves the energy and improves the yield of the loach mucus; the method is characterized in that loaches are subjected to static culture by adopting purified water to remove dirt in vivo and in vitro, the loaches are stimulated to secrete mucus by three different methods, namely a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method, the filtration and the centrifugation are combined to remove impurities, and corresponding storage conditions are adopted, so that the requirement of the current society on the loach mucus is better met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to a method for stress secretion and collection of loach mucus.
Background
Loaches (Misgurnus anguillaticaudatus), also known as loaches, belong to the family of loaches, are widely distributed in countries along the coast of asia, and are mainly distributed in the southern regions in China. The loach meat is delicious in taste, is rich in high-quality protein, fatty acid, various mineral elements and B vitamins, has high nutritional value, and has the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying yang, tonifying qi and strengthening spleen, clearing heat and removing toxicity and the like, so that the loach meat is a good name of 'ginseng in water', and is popular with consumers. The compendium of materia medica records that the loach is sweet in taste, mild in nature, non-toxic and capable of warming the middle-jiao and replenishing qi, mucus secreted by the whole body and the skin of the loach can be used as a medicine, has the health-care effects of strengthening essence and replenishing blood, and is an auxiliary good product for treating acute and chronic liver diseases, yang rash, hemorrhoids and other diseases.
During the cultivation process, loaches produce a large amount of mucus, collectively called loach mucus. The loach mucus contains multiple effective components, and has high medicinal function and nutritive value. It is used to treat urinary obstruction, stranguria due to heat, carbuncle, cellulitis, erysipelas, parotitis, otitis media, and burn. The loach epidermis consists of a plurality of layers of epithelial cells and a hair growth layer, and is rich in single-cell mucous glands which can continuously secrete sticky and smooth liquid to form a mucous layer on the body surface, lubricate and protect the fish body, for example, reduce the frictional resistance between the skin and water and improve the movement capacity; remove bacteria and dirt attached to the fish body. Research has shown that congenital defense factors such as complement, lysozyme, lectin, antiprotease, transfer factor, C-reactive protein, chitinase, type i interferon and the like are present in loach mucus.
Research on loach mucus at the present stage mainly focuses on extraction and utilization of loach polysaccharide, medicinal mechanism of the loach mucus, separation of other effective components in the loach mucus and the like. And for the research of stressing a loach mucus secretion and collection deficiency system, a systematic loach mucus recovery system cannot be established. Therefore, in the loach culture and processing production, the collection and utilization rate of loach mucus is low, and resources are seriously wasted. Therefore, the patent has wide market space and economic benefit.
Through search and analysis, the applicant has few documents related to the technical scheme of the present application, and only finds the following patent documents related to the present patent application:
1. patent document CN201611007927.3 discloses a preparation method of giant salamander mucus extract, which is prepared by the following steps: the method comprises an electrical stimulation method, a vacuum method and a scraping method to obtain giant salamander mucus, and further comprises the steps of carrying out low-temperature precipitation on the giant salamander mucus by ethanol, adjusting the pH value of a precipitate, carrying out enzymolysis and carrying out ultrafiltration to obtain the giant salamander mucus extract.
The method of low-temperature precipitation, pH value adjustment, enzymolysis and ultrafiltration is adopted in the document, so that the whole method is complex in operation and long in period, enzyme and ultrafiltration accessories are used, the production cost is increased, and components of mucus are easy to damage.
2. Patent document cn201611176408.x discloses a method for collecting mucus of finless eel, which is prepared by the following steps: (1) taking adult finless eels with good growth conditions, and adding a culture solution into the adult finless eels; (2) culturing in culture solution for 48-50 hr, taking out Monopteri albi, and adding into distilled water; (3) irradiating Monopteri albi with purple light, introducing oxygen into distilled water every 5 hr, taking out Monopteri albi after 20-24 hr, and scraping mucus on body surface; (4) concentrating distilled water, adding the obtained mucus, adding mixed solution of n-hexane and anhydrous ethanol, stirring, cooling, and standing; (5) centrifuging the standing solution to obtain precipitate, washing the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol for 2 times, and dissolving the precipitate in distilled water 3-5 times the weight of the precipitate to obtain impurity-free Monopteri albi mucus.
The method needs to provide culture solution, adds a step of collecting mucus, so that the solid impurities of the solution become more and the purity of the solution becomes lower, and the added chemical product can destroy the molecular structure of the mucus.
The relevance of the documents is greater, and compared with the relevance, the method provides various practical and effective methods for the secretion and collection of the loach mucus, and is suitable for large-scale continuous production. Meanwhile, the loach mucus collected by the method is high in yield and purity, is harmless to the loaches, does not influence the further processing and utilization of the loaches, and meets the market demand better.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for stimulating secretion and collection of loach mucus, and the process for stimulating secretion and collection is simple to operate and low in production cost, and does not introduce chemical pollution and damage the structure of the loach mucus. Meanwhile, the collected loach mucus is high in yield and purity, and meets market requirements.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for stress secretion and collection of loach mucus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: taking fresh and alive loaches which are about 8-10 cm long and have no pesticide residues or pesticide residues, and taking about 30-40 loaches per 500 g;
(2) removing dirt: the loaches are placed in purified well water to be cultured for 2-3 days, water is changed for 2-7 times every day in the period, and the loaches are enabled to spit out the silt in the loaches under the condition of low temperature;
(3) boxing: transferring the treated loaches into a collection box, wherein each box is 30-50 jin;
(4) secretion of mucus: stimulating loach to secrete mucus through physical, chemical and biological methods;
(5) collecting mucus: fishing out the loaches from the collecting box in the step (3), spraying purified water to flush the loaches, transferring the loaches into another collecting box, repeating the operation, continuously producing and collecting mucus;
(6) mucus pretreatment: collecting mucus from the collecting box, and filtering by a filter screen to remove solid impurities in the mucus;
(7) and (3) mucus purification: centrifuging the filtered mucus, wherein the centrifugation speed is 1500-3000 r/min, the centrifugation time is 5-10 min, and further removing bubbles and other impurities in the mucus;
(8) and (3) mucus preservation: and pouring the centrifuged loach mucus into a storage tank, and storing for later use.
Further, in the step (2), local well water is used as a water source for the static culture of the loaches in the purified well water, the temperature is controlled to be about 18-25 ℃, and the loaches are cultured in a static culture pond.
Further, the collection tank includes, but is not limited to, a funnel collection tank and a mesh collection tank.
Further, the physical method in the step (4) comprises the following steps: stimulating loach to secrete mucus by increasing pressure and friction on the surface of the loach, wherein physical methods include but are not limited to stirring, electrical stimulation, oscillation, ultrasonic treatment, adding wood chips and controlling temperature,
wherein the stirring method comprises the following steps: the stirring speed is 10-15 m/min, and the stirring time is 10-15 min;
electrical stimulation method: the voltage of the electrical stimulation is 5-20V;
an oscillation method: the oscillation frequency is 50-150 r/min;
ultrasonic treatment: the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz-200 kHz;
controlling the temperature: the temperature range is 18-25 ℃.
Further, the chemical method in the step (4): stimulating the loaches to generate stress reaction and secrete mucus by changing the pH and osmotic pressure of the living environment of the loaches; the chemical method comprises but is not limited to adding relevant reagents such as acidic reagents (1-10% acetic acid solution and the like), 1-15% saline water and 1-15% sugar water.
Further, the method of the organism in the step (4): stimulating a loach body surface self-protection mechanism and secreting mucus by adding certain bacteria, bacterial metabolites and cell fragments; the species of bacteria include, but are not limited to, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and lactobacillus bulgaricus.
Further, in the step (5), the transfer times of the same batch of loaches are not more than 4.
Further, the filter screen in the step (6) comprises but is not limited to a textile fiber filter screen and a hardware filter screen, and the specification of the filter screen is 100-300 meshes.
Further, the storage tanks in the step (8) include, but are not limited to, metal storage tanks, glass storage tanks and plastic storage tanks, and the storage temperature is-20 to 10 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the loach mucus collected by the method is high in yield and purity, is harmless to the loaches, does not affect further processing and utilization of the loaches, and compared with the traditional collection process, the method shortens the time, saves the energy and improves the yield of the loach mucus.
The method is characterized in that the selected loaches are detected fresh and alive loaches without pesticide residue and pesticide residue, the loaches are about 9cm in body length and about 30 loaches/500 g. The loach has large mucus secretion amount, and the mucus does not contain toxic and harmful substances.
The method is characterized in that loaches are bred by pure well water to remove in-vivo and in-vitro dirt, and compared with the traditional method of directly collecting mucus, the method has the advantages that solid impurities of the mucus are less, and the purity is higher.
When the loach mucus is secreted, the loach mucus is stressed to be secreted by physical, chemical and biological methods, the temperature is controlled to be 18-25 ℃ in the process, firstly, the loach mucus is promoted to be secreted as soon as possible, and secondly, the freshness of the loach can be kept.
When loach mucus is collected, the purified water is continuously sprayed, so that the mucus on the body surface of the loach can be cleaned, and the next filtering treatment can be facilitated.
When impurities are removed, the filter screen is used for rough filtration, and then a centrifugal machine is used for centrifugal impurity removal, so that the collected mucus does not contain bubbles, has no solid impurities and has high purity.
The method of low-temperature cryopreservation is adopted, so that the loach mucus is convenient to transport, economic benefits are improved, the loach mucus is prevented from going bad, and the molecular structure of the mucus is not damaged.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
the method for stress secretion and collection of loach mucus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: taking fresh and alive loaches which are about 8-10 cm long and have no pesticide residues or pesticide residues, and taking about 30-40 loaches per 500 g;
(2) removing dirt: the loaches are placed in purified well water to be cultured for 2-3 days, water is changed for 2-7 times every day in the period, and the loaches are enabled to spit out the silt in the loaches under the condition of low temperature;
(3) boxing: transferring the treated loaches into a collection box, wherein each box is 30-50 jin;
(4) secretion of mucus: stimulating loach to secrete mucus through physical, chemical and biological methods;
(5) collecting mucus: fishing out the loaches from the collecting box in the step (3), spraying purified water to flush the loaches, transferring the loaches into another collecting box, repeating the operation, continuously producing and collecting mucus;
(6) mucus pretreatment: collecting mucus from the collecting box, and filtering by a filter screen to remove solid impurities in the mucus;
(7) and (3) mucus purification: centrifuging the filtered mucus, wherein the centrifugation speed is 1500-3000 r/min, the centrifugation time is 5-10 min, and further removing bubbles and other impurities in the mucus;
(8) and (3) mucus preservation: and pouring the centrifuged loach mucus into a storage tank, and storing for later use.
Further, in the step (2), local well water is used as a water source for the static culture of the loaches in the purified well water, the temperature is controlled to be about 18-25 ℃, and the loaches are cultured in a static culture pond.
The collection tanks include, but are not limited to, funnel collection tanks and mesh collection tanks.
The physical method in the step (4) comprises the following steps: stimulating loach to secrete mucus by increasing pressure and friction on the surface of the loach, wherein physical methods include but are not limited to stirring, electrical stimulation, oscillation, ultrasonic treatment, adding wood chips and controlling temperature,
wherein the stirring method comprises the following steps: the stirring speed is 10-15 m/min, and the stirring time is 10-15 min;
electrical stimulation method: the voltage of the electrical stimulation is 5-20V;
an oscillation method: the oscillation frequency is 50-150 r/min;
ultrasonic treatment: the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz-200 kHz;
controlling the temperature: the temperature range is 18-25 ℃.
The chemical method in the step (4) comprises the following steps: stimulating the loaches to generate stress reaction and secrete mucus by changing the pH and osmotic pressure of the living environment of the loaches; the chemical method comprises but is not limited to adding relevant reagents such as acidic reagents (1-10% acetic acid solution and the like), 1-15% saline water and 1-15% sugar water.
The method for preparing the microorganism in the step (4): stimulating a loach body surface self-protection mechanism and secreting mucus by adding certain bacteria, bacterial metabolites and cell fragments; the species of bacteria include, but are not limited to, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and lactobacillus bulgaricus.
And (5) transferring loaches in the same batch in the step (5) for not more than 4 times.
The filter screen in the step (6) comprises but is not limited to a textile fiber filter screen and a hardware filter screen, and the specification of the filter screen is 100-300 meshes.
The storage tanks in the step (8) include but are not limited to metal storage tanks, glass storage tanks and plastic storage tanks, and the storage temperature is-20-10 ℃.
Example 1:
(1) selecting raw materials: taking fresh and alive loaches which are about 8cm long and have no pesticide residues or pesticide residues, and taking about 30 loaches/500 g;
(2) removing dirt: the loaches are cultured in purified well water for 2 days, water is changed for 2 times every day during the period, the loaches spit out the silt in the bodies under the condition of low temperature, the local well water is adopted as a water source for the static culture of the loaches in the purified well water, the temperature is controlled to be about 18 ℃, and the loaches are cultured in a static culture pond;
(3) boxing: transferring the treated loaches into a funnel type collecting box, wherein each box is 30 jin;
(4) secretion of mucus: increasing pressure and friction force on the surface of the fish body by a stirring method in a physical method, stimulating loaches to secrete mucus, wherein the stirring speed is 10m/min, and the stirring time is 10 min;
(5) collecting mucus: fishing out the loaches from the funnel type collecting box in the step (3), spraying pure water to wash the loaches, transferring the loaches to another funnel type collecting box, repeating the operation, continuously producing and collecting mucus, wherein the transfer times of the same batch of loaches are not more than 4;
(6) mucus pretreatment: collecting mucus from the funnel-type collecting box, and filtering by a textile fiber filter screen to remove solid impurities in the mucus; the specification of the filter screen is 100 meshes;
(7) and (3) mucus purification: centrifuging the filtered mucus at a centrifugation speed of 1500r/min for 5min to further remove bubbles and other impurities in the mucus;
(8) and (3) mucus preservation: and pouring the centrifuged loach mucus into a storage tank, and preserving at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for later use.
The above embodiment is preferred:
the physical method can be replaced by an electrical stimulation method: the voltage of the electrical stimulation is 5-20V; an oscillation method: the oscillation frequency is 50-150 r/min; ultrasonic treatment: the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz-200 kHz; controlling the temperature: the temperature range is 18-25 ℃.
Example 2:
(1) selecting raw materials: taking fresh and alive loaches which are about 9cm long and have no pesticide residues or pesticide residues, wherein the loaches are 35 loaches/500 g;
(2) removing dirt: culturing Misgurni Anguillicaudati in purified well water for 3 days, changing water 5 times every day, removing silt in body at low temperature, controlling temperature at about 21 deg.C, and culturing Misgurni Anguillicaudati in a static culture pond;
(3) boxing: transferring the treated loaches into a mesh type collecting box, wherein each box is 40 jin;
(4) secretion of mucus: the chemical method is adopted: stimulating the loaches to generate stress reaction and secrete mucus by changing the pH and osmotic pressure of the living environment of the loaches, wherein an acidic reagent is added in a chemical method, and the acidic reagent adopts 1-10% acetic acid solution;
(5) collecting mucus: fishing out the loaches from the mesh type collecting box in the step (3), spraying pure water to wash the loaches, transferring the loaches to another mesh type collecting box, repeating the operation, continuously producing and collecting mucus, wherein the transfer times of the loaches in the same batch are not more than 4;
(6) mucus pretreatment: collecting mucus from the mesh type collecting box, and filtering by a textile fiber filter screen to remove solid impurities in the mucus, wherein the specification of the filter screen is 200 meshes;
(7) and (3) mucus purification: centrifuging the filtered mucus, wherein the centrifugation speed is 2300r/min, and the centrifugation time is 10min, and further removing bubbles and other impurities in the mucus;
(8) and (3) mucus preservation: and pouring the centrifuged loach mucus into a storage tank, and preserving at the temperature of-15 ℃ for later use.
Preferably, the above-mentioned method: the chemical method can also adopt 1-15% of saline water and/or 1-15% of sugar water.
Example 3:
(1) selecting raw materials: taking fresh and alive loaches which are about 10cm long and have no pesticide residues or pesticide residues, and taking 40 loaches/500 g;
(2) removing dirt: culturing Misgurni Anguillicaudati in purified well water for 3 days, changing water 7 times every day, removing silt in body at low temperature, controlling temperature at 25 deg.C, and culturing Misgurni Anguillicaudati in a static culture pond;
(3) boxing: transferring the treated loaches into a mesh type collecting box, wherein 50 jin/box;
(4) secretion of mucus: the biological method comprises the following steps: stimulating a loach body surface self-protection mechanism and secreting mucus by adding certain bacteria, bacterial metabolites and cell fragments; the species of bacteria include, but are not limited to, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, lactobacillus bulgaricus, and the like;
(5) collecting mucus: fishing out the loaches from the mesh type collecting box in the step (3), spraying pure water to wash the loaches, transferring the loaches to another mesh type collecting box, repeating the operation, continuously producing and collecting mucus, wherein the transfer times of the loaches in the same batch are not more than 4;
(6) mucus pretreatment: collecting mucus from the mesh type collecting box, and filtering by a textile fiber filter screen to remove solid impurities in the mucus, wherein the specification of the filter screen is 300 meshes;
(7) and (3) mucus purification: centrifuging the filtered mucus at a centrifugation speed of 3000r/min for 10min to further remove bubbles and other impurities in the mucus;
(8) and (3) mucus preservation: and pouring the centrifuged loach mucus into a storage tank, and preserving at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ for later use.
The loach mucus collected by the method is high in yield and purity, is harmless to the loaches, does not affect further processing and utilization of the loaches, and compared with the traditional collection process, the method shortens the time, saves the energy and improves the yield of the loach mucus.
The method is characterized in that the selected loaches are detected fresh and alive loaches without pesticide residue and pesticide residue, the loaches are about 9cm in body length and about 30 loaches/500 g. The loach has large mucus secretion amount, and the mucus does not contain toxic and harmful substances.
The method is characterized in that loaches are bred by pure well water to remove in-vivo and in-vitro dirt, and compared with the traditional method of directly collecting mucus, the method has the advantages that solid impurities of the mucus are less, and the purity is higher.
When the loach mucus is secreted, the loach mucus is stressed to be secreted by physical, chemical and biological methods, the temperature is controlled to be 18-25 ℃ in the process, firstly, the loach mucus is promoted to be secreted as soon as possible, and secondly, the freshness of the loach can be kept.
When loach mucus is collected, the purified water is continuously sprayed, so that the mucus on the body surface of the loach can be cleaned, and the next filtering treatment can be facilitated.
When impurities are removed, the filter screen is used for rough filtration, and then a centrifugal machine is used for centrifugal impurity removal, so that the collected mucus does not contain bubbles, has no solid impurities and has high purity.
The method of low-temperature cryopreservation is adopted, so that the loach mucus is convenient to transport, economic benefits are improved, the loach mucus is prevented from going bad, and the molecular structure of the mucus is not damaged.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for stress secretion and collection of loach mucus is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) selecting raw materials: taking fresh and alive loaches which are 8-10 cm in length and have no pesticide residues or pesticide residues, and weighing 30-40 loaches per 500 g;
(2) removing dirt: the loaches are placed in purified well water to be cultured for 2-3 days, water is changed for 2-7 times every day in the period, and the loaches are enabled to spit out the silt in the loaches under the condition of low temperature;
(3) boxing: transferring the treated loaches into a collection box, wherein each box is 30-50 jin;
(4) secretion of mucus: stimulating loaches to secrete mucus through a physical, chemical and biological method, wherein the physical method is to stimulate the loaches to secrete mucus through increasing the pressure and the friction force on the surface of a fish body; the chemical method is that loach is stimulated to generate stress reaction by changing the pH and osmotic pressure of the living environment of the loach; the biological method is characterized in that bacteria, metabolites of the bacteria and cell fragments are added to stimulate a loach body surface self-protection mechanism and secrete mucus;
(5) collecting mucus: fishing out the loaches from the collecting box in the step (3), spraying purified water to flush the loaches, transferring the loaches into another collecting box, repeating the operation, continuously producing and collecting mucus;
(6) mucus pretreatment: collecting mucus from the collecting box, and filtering by a filter screen to remove solid impurities in the mucus;
(7) and (3) mucus purification: centrifuging the filtered mucus, wherein the centrifugation speed is 1500-3000 r/min, the centrifugation time is 5-10 min, and further removing bubbles and other impurities in the mucus;
(8) and (3) mucus preservation: and pouring the centrifuged loach mucus into a storage tank, and storing for later use.
2. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) adopting local well water as a water source for the loach static culture of the purified well water in the step (2), controlling the temperature to be 18-25 ℃, and culturing the loach in a static culture pond.
3. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: the collecting box adopts a funnel type collecting box and a mesh type collecting box.
4. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: the physical method comprises stirring, electrical stimulation, oscillation, ultrasonic treatment, adding wood chips and controlling temperature,
wherein the stirring method comprises the following steps: the stirring speed is 10-15 m/min, and the stirring time is 10-15 min;
electrical stimulation method: the voltage of the electrical stimulation is 5-20V;
an oscillation method: the oscillation frequency is 50-150 r/min;
ultrasonic treatment: the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz-200 kHz;
controlling the temperature: the temperature range is 18-25 ℃.
5. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: the chemical method comprises the steps of adding relevant reagents such as an acidic reagent, 1-15% of saline water and 1-15% of sugar water.
6. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: the species of bacteria added in the biological method include yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.
7. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) transferring loaches in the same batch in the step (5) for not more than 4 times.
8. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: the filter screen in step (6) includes textile fiber filter screen and five metals filter screen, and the filter screen specification is 100~300 meshes.
9. The method for stress-secreting and harvesting loach mucus according to claim 1, wherein: the storage tank in the step (8) comprises a metal storage tank, a glass storage tank and a plastic storage tank, and the storage temperature is-20-10 ℃.
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