CN109594011A - Applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109594011A CN109594011A CN201910060906.5A CN201910060906A CN109594011A CN 109594011 A CN109594011 A CN 109594011A CN 201910060906 A CN201910060906 A CN 201910060906A CN 109594011 A CN109594011 A CN 109594011A
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- Prior art keywords
- cast iron
- iron
- casting
- graphite
- grinding
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/006—Graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping and its manufacturing method, the weight percentage of cast iron composition is as follows: C:2.9~3.1, Si:2.2~2.5, Mn:0.5~0.7, Cu:0.8~1.0, Cr:0.2~0.3, P: < 0.14, S < 0.08, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.The cast iron has excellent tissue signature: (1) graphite type is A type graphite in tissue, 0.02~0.1mm of length of a film, content of graphite 10% or so, (2) tissue matrix is fine pearlite, content > 85%, and contain a small amount of tiny binary iron phosphide eutectic dispersed distribution, without free cementite, (3) hardness is HB150~180, difference of hardness is less than 30HB, (4) it is intensively uniform to inlay 1~3 μm of white fused alumina abrasive material of granularity for cast iron plane, and 5~7 μm of white fused alumina abrasive materials of granularity are sparse uniformly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to precision machinery manufacture fields, are related to a kind of grinding applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, plane lapping
Cast iron and its manufacturing method.
Background technique
Grinding is the indispensable processing method in precision and ultra-precision machining field, to the precision of the features such as inside and outside circle, plane
Sub-micron even nano-scale can be improved.The principal element for influencing part is grinding agent and milling tool, and grinding agent is existing
In generalization, seriation, for different applications, shape has spherical or sheet.The material of milling tool also tends to be more
Sample has the materials such as cast iron, copper, tin, pitch.High-precision grinding for metal flat or inside and outside circle, preferably with cast iron,
The other materials such as copper, tin, pitch can be used in the polishing stage.When being ground using cast iron, the structural state of cast iron, physical property
Element precision is played a crucial role.
Chinese patent CN 1039988A discloses a kind of manufacturing method of high precision planeness plate, and the patent is to manufacture
The grinding method of High Accuracy Flat is described in detail, and is not determined to the tissue of plate material, using the method
Plane characteristic can be processed, and high-precision processing can not be carried out to inside and outside circle.
202849485 U of Chinese patent CN discloses one kind and uses resistance quenching technology on existing cast iron surface plate,
Cast Iron Surface forms high hard network working surface, and the wearability of plate can be improved in the grid which forms 5-10mm, but unresolved
The milling tool problem of materials of inside and outside circle high-precision grinding.
Chinese patent CN101440454A, CN102864368B, CN101104196A disclose such as inoculation cast iron, wear-resisting
The manufacturing method of cast iron, such methods are mainly the physical properties such as wearability, the tensile strength for solving cast iron materials, and for answering
Tissue signature required for cast iron for grinding does not refer to, therefore, it is impossible to which structure of cast iron needed for grinding for high-precision provides
With reference to.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to above-mentioned technological deficiencies, provide a kind of applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, plane lapping
Grinding cast iron, the cast iron have excellent tissue signature: (1) tissue in graphite type be A type graphite, length of a film 0.02~
0.1mm, content of graphite 10% or so；(2) tissue matrix is fine pearlite, content > 85%, and contains a small amount of tiny binary
Iron phosphide eutectic dispersed distribution, no free cementite；(3) hardness is HB150~180, and difference of hardness is less than 30HB；(4) cast iron plane is inlayed
1~3 μm of white fused alumina abrasive material of embedding granularity is intensively uniform, and 5~7 μm of white fused alumina abrasive materials of granularity are sparse uniformly.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned grinding cast iron, the preparation method simple process, operations
Simply, it is suitable for industrialized production.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
It is a kind of applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping, the weight percent of ingredient forms are as follows:
C:2.9~3.1, Si:2.2~2.5, Mn:0.5~0.7, Cu:0.8~1.0, Cr:0.2~0.3, P: < 0.14, S < 0.08,
Remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
A kind of preparation method for grinding cast iron, includes the following steps:
(1) melting
Furnace charge is made with materials such as the Benxi Z15 iron, carbon steel scrap, cathode copper, low-carbon ferrochromiums, molten iron is melted by predetermined component；
The pig iron, steel scrap are dried and are derusted, and are loaded in mixture into furnace.Prior to furnace bottom adds appropriate cullet before charging, with the fusing of furnace charge, shape early
At fine and close glass flux shielding molten iron.Reinforce the sealing to smelting furnace, burner hearth is made to keep normal pressure in entire fusion process.Big function
The fusing of rate power transmission adds copper after furnace charge is melting down.Baked ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, manganese iron is added when being greater than 1400 DEG C in molten iron temperature, to iron
After alloy melting, molten iron keeps the temperature 10~15 minutes at 1430~1450 DEG C, and sample is entirely white to come out of the stove.Silico-calcium pair is uniformly spread in lander
Molten iron carries out inoculation.Molten iron in stirring packet, takes off and removes slag, and rice-straw ash is added to cover molten iron, Control Assay chill width 5-7mm
Casting.
(2) it casts
The working face of grinding cast iron utilizes the textura epidermoidea of cast iron as far as possible, and casting mold structure is selected according to the part dimension of casting
Select two casees or other structures.Casting mold rramming consolidation, uniformly, have rigidity.It is acted on when casting so as to the graphitization expansion of gray cast iron
Feeding is carried out to casting.To keep casting mold exhaust unimpeded, casting is invaded in process of setting without gas, is eliminated gas and is jeopardized casting
Quality clogs coke briquette among the ring core of casting mold and increases gas permeability, aperture can be opened above casting mold to increase exhaust performance.It pours
1340-1360 DEG C of temperature of note；Duration of pouring 1-1.5 point/case (depending on the size of sandbox), big stream is poured into 4/5, then slowly
Full casting mold is poured, casting is cooled to 200 DEG C with case, unpacking sand removal.
(3) it is heat-treated
Grinding cast iron, there may be biggish stress in casting and cutting process.The hardness of as cast condition product also tends to
It is higher not to be able to satisfy technical requirements.So carrying out low-temperature annealing to blank and after thick, semifinishing, it is allowed to sufficiently eliminate residual
Residue stress improves dimensional stability, and decomposes part cementite or nodularization, and hardness is dropped to claimed range, and pearlite >
65%.
It is annealed 6 hours in 560 DEG C, 600 DEG C, 620 DEG C, 660 DEG C respectively with single casting sample, the results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1
| Annealing temperature DEG C | 560 | 600 | 620 | 660 |
| Hardness HB | 191 | 183 | 168 | 150 |
| Pearlite % | >95 | >85 | >80 | >70 |
Therefore single casting sample meets the requirements in 620-660 DEG C of 6 hours hardness of annealing and pearlite.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that: since the tissue and performance uniformity of inoculation cast iron are good, so
It selects inoculation cast iron to cast milling tool, while adding the elements such as a small amount of copper, molybdenum, chromium and being allowed to refine graphite and eutectic cell, use it
Casting abrasive disk works well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is rough annealing process curve of the invention；
Fig. 2 is thick, semifinishing post growth annealing curve of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1: by each ingredient in following ratio ingredient: C:3.03, Si:2.23, Mn0.59, Cu:1.02, Cr0.23,
P:0.12, S:0.024, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity, is detected after smelting, casting, heat treatment, cast iron matrix tissue
Middle graphite is A type, and length of a film 0.022-0.063mm, for graphite containing 3% or so, matrix fine pearlite > 85% is a small amount of tiny by two
First iron phosphide eutectic dispersed distribution, no free cementite, hardness HB150-180, embedding sand work well.
Embodiment 2: by each ingredient in following ratio ingredient: C:3.06, Si:2.39, Mn0.63, Cu:1.02, Cr0.25,
P:0.14, S:0.027, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity, is detected after smelting, casting, heat treatment, cast iron matrix tissue
Middle graphite is A type, length of a film 0.064-0.109mm, content of graphite 9.5%, matrix fine pearlite > 85%, a small amount of binary phosphorus
Eutectic dispersed distribution, no free cementite, low power inspection have pore is sparse to be uniformly distributed.Hardness HB173.
The working face of milling tool is worked into the finish of Ra0.1, pore-pin hole that surface is portalled.This is that graphite is de-
Fall or impurity caused by.Graphite, which falls off, to be formed pin hole and is inevitable, therefore the Graphite Type in Gray Iron piece as lap tool is answered small and lacked
Preferably.
Embodiment 3:C:2.90, Si:2.47, Mn:0.69, Cu:1.04, Cr0.32, P:0.14, S:0.023, remaining is Fe
And inevitable impurity, it is detected after smelting, casting, heat treatment, graphite is A type, length of a film 0.08- in cast iron matrix tissue
0.18mm, content of graphite 9%, matrix fine pearlite > 80%, a small amount of binary iron phosphide eutectic dispersed distribution, no free cementite,
Hardness HB175.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping, it is characterised in that: the weight percent of each ingredient contains
It measures as follows: C:2.9~3.1, Si:2.2~2.5, Mn:0.5~0.7, Cu:0.8~1.0, Cr:0.2~0.3, P: < 0.14, S <
0.08, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. according to claim 1 applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping, it is characterised in that: packet
Include following tissue signature:
(1) graphite type is A type graphite, 0.02~0.1mm of length of a film, content of graphite 10% or so in tissue；
(2) tissue matrix is fine pearlite, content > 85%, and contains a small amount of tiny binary iron phosphide eutectic dispersed distribution, no trip
From cementite；
(3) hardness is HB150~180, and difference of hardness is less than 30HB；
(4) it is intensively uniform to inlay 1~3 μm of white fused alumina abrasive material of granularity for cast iron plane, and 5~7 μm of white fused alumina abrasive materials of granularity are sparse uniformly.
3. a kind of preparation method applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping, is used for 1 institute of manufacturing claims
The grinding cast iron stated, characterized by the following steps:
(1) melting
Furnace charge is made with the material including the Benxi Z15 iron, carbon steel scrap, cathode copper, low-carbon ferrochromium, molten iron is melted by predetermined component；
The pig iron, steel scrap are dried and are derusted, and are loaded in mixture into furnace；Prior to furnace bottom adds appropriate cullet before charging, with the fusing of furnace charge, shape early
At fine and close glass flux shielding molten iron；Reinforce the sealing to smelting furnace, burner hearth is made to keep normal pressure in entire fusion process；Big function
The fusing of rate power transmission adds copper after furnace charge is melting down；Baked ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, manganese iron is added when being greater than 1400 DEG C in molten iron temperature, to iron
After alloy melting, molten iron keeps the temperature 10~15 minutes at 1430~1450 DEG C, and sample is entirely white to come out of the stove；Silico-calcium pair is uniformly spread in lander
Molten iron carries out inoculation；Molten iron in stirring packet, takes off and removes slag, and rice-straw ash is added to cover molten iron, and Control Assay chill width 5-7mm is poured
Note；
(2) it casts
The working face of grinding cast iron utilizes the textura epidermoidea of cast iron as far as possible, and casting mold structure is according to the part dimension of casting selection two
Case or other structures；Casting mold rramming consolidation, uniformly, have rigidity；It is acted on so as to the graphitization expansion of gray cast iron to casting when casting
Part carries out feeding；To keep casting mold exhaust unimpeded, casting is invaded in process of setting without gas, eliminates the matter that gas jeopardizes casting
Amount clogs coke briquette among the ring core of casting mold and increases gas permeability, aperture can be opened above casting mold to increase exhaust performance；Casting
1340-1360 DEG C of temperature；The duration of pouring by sandbox size depending on, big stream is poured into 4/5, then slowly pours full casting mold, casting with
Case is cooled to 200 DEG C, unpacking sand removal；
(3) it is heat-treated
Low-temperature annealing is carried out to blank and after thick, semifinishing, is allowed to sufficiently eliminate residual stress, improves dimensionally stable
Property, and make the decomposition of part cementite or nodularization, hardness is dropped into claimed range, pearlite > 65%.
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| CN201910060906.5A CN109594011A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping and its manufacturing method |
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| CN201910060906.5A CN109594011A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping and its manufacturing method |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53137816A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1978-12-01 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Method of producing pearlite spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| JP2007138241A (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-06-07 | Tomotetsu Kogyo Kk | Cast iron for press die, and its manufacturing method |
| CN103255335A (en) * | 2013-05-11 | 2013-08-21 | 罗云 | Alloy vermicular cast irons for producing high-speed and heavy-duty automobile brake drum |
| CN107354372A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-17 | 湖北金麟机械制造有限公司 | Waste iron is cut and steel scrap recycles the gray cast iron brake hub of production high intensity low stress |
| CN107937799A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | A kind of burr cylinder jacket of centrifugal casting and preparation method thereof |
| CN108705034A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-26 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | A kind of alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve casting method |
| CN109694981A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-30 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body and preparation method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-01-23 CN CN201910060906.5A patent/CN109594011A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53137816A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1978-12-01 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Method of producing pearlite spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| JP2007138241A (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2007-06-07 | Tomotetsu Kogyo Kk | Cast iron for press die, and its manufacturing method |
| CN103255335A (en) * | 2013-05-11 | 2013-08-21 | 罗云 | Alloy vermicular cast irons for producing high-speed and heavy-duty automobile brake drum |
| CN107354372A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-17 | 湖北金麟机械制造有限公司 | Waste iron is cut and steel scrap recycles the gray cast iron brake hub of production high intensity low stress |
| CN107937799A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | A kind of burr cylinder jacket of centrifugal casting and preparation method thereof |
| CN108705034A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-26 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | A kind of alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve casting method |
| CN109694981A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-30 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body and preparation method thereof |
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