CN111778446B - Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 0-5%, Cr: 10% -29%, carbon C: 2.5% -3.5%, Si: 0.30-0.80%, Mn: 0.40 to 0.90 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of phosphorus P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of sulfur S and the balance of Fe. Under the synergistic action of all the components and by means of specific production process, the carbide in the metallurgical structure is mainly expressed as M7C3The wear-resistant alloy material is mainly formed, the matrix structure is formed by combining a proper amount of tempered martensite with residual austenite, the formation of cast pearlite is avoided, the precipitation of eutectic and secondary carbide is realized, the hardening of the matrix is completed, the toughness is maintained, the hardness of the material is improved, the wear resistance of the alloy material is further improved, and the wear-resistant alloy material is applied to mechanical wear-resistant parts such as a crusher hammer and the like, so that the service life is greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to a Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Wear is one of the main causes of failure of metal parts, resulting in a large amount of material and energy waste. With the rapid development of industries such as metallurgy, mine, building materials, electric power and the like, the consumption of wear-resistant alloy materials in China is more and more every year, only by taking a high-chromium cast iron material in cast iron as an example, the consumption per year is at least one million tons, and people put higher requirements on the wear resistance of the wear-resistant alloy materials in order to improve the durability, reliability and precision of mechanical equipment.
The high-chromium cast iron alloy material is an excellent anti-erosion-wear-resistant material recognized at home and abroad, and has the characteristics of higher hardness, good wear resistance, small deflection at fracture and the like. The matrix in the high-chromium cast iron is continuous, and the carbide is dispersed in the high-chromium cast iron, so that the damage effect on the matrix is small, and the toughness of the high-chromium cast iron is higher than that of common white cast iron and low-chromium cast iron, the high-chromium cast iron shows good comprehensive performance, and the high-chromium cast iron is widely applied to industries such as cement, mine, metallurgy and the like.
The impact crusher has the advantages of simple structure, large crushing ratio, low energy consumption, large production capacity and uniform product granularity, and is widely applied to the field of mining industry. When the material is crushed, the plate hammer on the high-speed rotating rotor is utilized to impact the material fed into the crushing cavity at a high speed to crush the material, the crushed material is thrown to the impact plate at the other end of the crushing cavity at a high speed along the tangential direction to crush the material again, and then the crushed material rebounds to the plate hammer. In the process, the hammer head of the plate hammer is mainly used for striking the materials, so that the materials are crushed. The hammer head of the impact crusher is impacted by impact and materials, and the existing high-chromium cast iron material is difficult to consider hardness and toughness at the same time, so that the abrasion resistance under the actual use working condition is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material and a preparation method thereof, so that the wear-resistant alloy material with hardness and toughness is obtained, and the wear resistance of the crusher hammer head under the actual working condition is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 0-5%, Cr: 10% -29%, carbon C: 2.5% -3.5%, Si: 0.30-0.80%, Mn: 0.40 to 0.90 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of phosphorus P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of sulfur S and the balance of Fe.
Further, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 0-3%, Cr: 12% -27%, carbon C: 2.8% -3.4%, Si: 0.40-0.60%, Mn: 0.50 to 0.80 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of phosphorus P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of sulfur S and the balance of Fe.
Further, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 0.5-1.5%, Cr: 13% -18%, carbon C: 2.8% -3.2%, Si: 0.40-0.60%, Mn: 0.50 to 0.80 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of phosphorus P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of sulfur S and the balance of Fe.
The microstructure of high-chromium cast iron consists mainly of matrix (pearlite or austenite) and primary carbidesThe components are as follows. The carbon content is increased in a simple way of increasing the number of carbides, but the brittleness of the material is increased at the same time, and the carbides in the metallographic structure of the alloy material are changed into M which is mainly used by adjusting the component proportion of the alloy material7C3The carbide mainly comprises the type, the hardness of the carbide is high, and the cutting effect on a matrix is small compared with other types of carbide; chromium Cr element not only forms carbide in the alloy to improve the hardness of the carbide, when the chromium Cr content in the carbide reaches a certain degree, the structure, the form, the hardness and the distribution state of the carbide are changed, so that the wear resistance and the impact toughness of the material are improved, but also the hardenability of the material can be improved by dissolving the chromium Cr in austenite; the molybdenum Mo element avoids the formation of cast pearlite in the heat treatment process, further improves the hardenability, realizes the precipitation of eutectic and secondary carbide, completes the hardening of a matrix and further improves the wear resistance of the material.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the component content and the components of the used raw materials such as high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrosilicon, scrap steel and the like, determining the proportion of the used raw materials such as the high-carbon ferrochrome, the low-carbon ferrochrome, the ferromolybdenum, the ferrosilicon, the scrap steel and the like, and preparing furnace burden;
s2: putting the used raw materials such as high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrosilicon, scrap steel and the like into a medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, raising the temperature to 1550-;
s3: discharging the casting, pouring molten iron into a preheating ladle when the temperature of the molten iron is 1500-;
s4: and respectively carrying out annealing treatment, quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the casting blank to obtain the high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material.
Further, in step S2, the melting temperature is 1580 ℃, and the holding time is 1.5 h.
Further, in step S3, the casting temperature was 1500 ℃.
Further, in step S4, the annealing process is performed by raising the temperature from room temperature to 950 ℃ at a constant rate, then maintaining the temperature for 2 hours, and then cooling the temperature to room temperature with the furnace.
Further, in step S4, the quenching process is performed by raising the temperature from room temperature to 1050 ℃ at a constant rate, then maintaining the temperature for 1.5 hours, taking out the casting blank, and cooling the casting blank to room temperature.
Further, in step S4, the tempering process is to heat the casting blank from room temperature to 400-500 ℃ at a certain speed, then keep the temperature for 1.5h, take out the casting blank, and cool the casting blank to room temperature.
After the alloy material is subjected to heat treatment by the method, a matrix structure with a proper amount of tempered martensite combined with residual austenite is obtained, the toughness is maintained, and meanwhile, the hardness of the material is improved, so that the material has higher wear resistance.
The invention also provides application of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material in a crusher hammer.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material provided by the invention has the synergistic effect of all components and is prepared by a specific production process, so that carbides in a metallographic structure of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material are mainly M7C3The matrix is mainly formed, the matrix structure is formed by combining a proper amount of tempered martensite with residual austenite, the formation of cast pearlite is avoided, the precipitation of eutectic and secondary carbide is realized, the hardening of the matrix is completed, the toughness is maintained, the hardness of the material is improved, the abrasion resistance of the alloy material is further improved, and the wear-resistant alloy material is applied to mechanical wear-resistant parts such as a crusher hammer and the like, so that the service life is greatly prolonged.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional reagent store unless otherwise specified. In the quantitative tests in the following examples, three replicates were set, and the data are the mean or the mean ± standard deviation of the three replicates.
The raw material components for preparing the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material can be increased or reduced according to corresponding proportions during production, for example, the weight can be increased or reduced by taking kilogram or ton as a unit in large-scale production and also taking gram as a unit in small-scale production, but the mass proportion of the components is unchanged.
Example 1
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1%, chromium Cr: 17%, carbon C: 3%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following steps.
S1: according to the component content and the components of the used raw materials such as high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrosilicon, scrap steel and the like, determining the proportion of the used raw materials such as the high-carbon ferrochrome, the low-carbon ferrochrome, the ferromolybdenum, the ferrosilicon, the scrap steel and the like, and preparing furnace burden;
s2: putting the used raw materials such as high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrosilicon, scrap steel and the like into a medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, raising the temperature to 1580 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1.5 hours;
s3: discharging, pouring molten iron into a preheating steel ladle when the temperature of the molten iron is 1500 ℃, immediately covering the melt with dried heat release powder to remove slag while maintaining the temperature, and pouring into a resin sand mold for casting and forming to obtain a casting blank;
s4: respectively carrying out annealing treatment, quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the casting blank to obtain the high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material; the annealing treatment is that the temperature is raised to 950 ℃ from room temperature at a certain speed, then the temperature is preserved for 2 hours, and then the temperature is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; the quenching treatment is that the temperature is raised to 1050 ℃ from room temperature at a certain speed, then the temperature is preserved for 1.5h, and then the casting blank is taken out and cooled to room temperature in air; the tempering treatment is that the temperature is raised to 400 ℃ from the room temperature at a certain speed, then the temperature is preserved for 1.5h, and then the casting blank is taken out and cooled to the room temperature in air.
Example 2
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1%, chromium Cr: 17%, carbon C: 3%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
Referring to example 1, the preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is different from that in S4, tempering treatment is that after the temperature is raised to 450 ℃ from room temperature at a certain speed, heat is preserved for 1.5 hours, a casting blank is taken out, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Example 3
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 3%, chromium Cr: 17%, carbon C: 3%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 3%, chromium Cr: 17%, carbon C: 3%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 2.
Example 5
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1%, chromium Cr: 27%, carbon C: 2.7%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 6
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1%, chromium Cr: 27%, carbon C: 2.7%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 2.
Example 7
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 3%, chromium Cr: 27%, carbon C: 2.7%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 8
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 3%, chromium Cr: 27%, carbon C: 2.7%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 1
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 0%, chromium Cr: 17%, carbon C: 3%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1%, chromium Cr: 17%, carbon C: 3%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material refers to example 1, except that the tempering treatment is not carried out in S4.
Comparative example 3
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 0%, chromium Cr: 27%, carbon C: 2.7%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1%, chromium Cr: 27%, carbon C: 2.7%, silicon Si: 0.5%, manganese Mn: 0.55%, phosphorus P: 0.55%, sulfur S: 0.55 percent and the balance of Fe.
The preparation method of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is the same as that of the comparative example 2.
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy materials prepared in the examples 1 to 8 of the invention are systematically evaluated for effects through tests, and the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy materials prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 4 are used as controls.
1. Metallographic structure
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy materials prepared in the examples 1 to 8 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 of the invention are observed by an optical microscope, and the metallographic structure photograph of the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy materials is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 metallographic structure photograph
From the metallographic structure photographs of example 1, example 3 and comparative example 1, under the condition that other components and heat treatment processes are the same, compared with comparative example 1 without molybdenum and Mo, the content of primary carbides in example 1 containing 1% of molybdenum and Mo and example 3 containing 3% of molybdenum and Mo is high, and a plurality of fine secondary carbide particles appear in a matrix, so that the hardness of the alloy material is improved, and the wear resistance is improved;
the metallographic structure photographs of the example 1, the example 2 and the comparative example 2 show that under the condition that other components and heat treatment processes are the same, compared with the comparative example 2 which is not tempered, the metallographic structures obtained by the example 1 and the example 2 are matrix structures formed by combining tempered martensite and retained austenite, so that the toughness of the alloy material is kept, the hardness of the alloy material is improved, and the alloy material has higher wear resistance.
2. Hardness, impact toughness and erosive wear
The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy materials prepared in the invention in the examples 1 to 8 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 are subjected to hardness, impact toughness and erosion wear measurement. The measurement method adopted by the relevant hardness, impact toughness and erosion wear is a method commonly used in the industry, the hardness is measured by a microhardness meter, the impact toughness is measured by an oscillometric pendulum impact tester, the erosion wear is measured by an erosion wear tester, and the specific results are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 hardness, impact toughness and erosive wear measurements
From the data of example 1, example 3 and comparative example 1, it can be seen that, under the condition of the same other components and heat treatment process, the microhardness of the alloy material is increased along with the increase of the content of the molybdenum Mo element, but the impact toughness is increased firstly and then decreased, so that the erosive wear performance is also increased firstly and then decreased, but the results are better than the comparative example 1 without the molybdenum Mo element.
From the metallographic structure photographs of example 1, example 2 and comparative example 2, it can be seen that, under the condition of the same other components and heat treatment process, compared with comparative example 2 which is not tempered, the microhardness of example 1 and example 2 is significantly higher than that of comparative example 2, and the impact toughness is slightly increased, so that the final erosion wear is improved under the combined action of the two.
As can be seen from the data results of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 in the table, the Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy materials of examples 1 to 8 provided by the present invention have good microhardness and impact toughness at the same time through the synergistic effect of the components and through specific processes including specific melting temperature, casting process, annealing treatment, quenching treatment, tempering treatment, etc. in each step, and the prepared Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy materials have erosion wear performance far superior to that of comparative examples 1 to 4, and have good application prospects.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative steps, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. In all examples shown and described herein, unless otherwise specified, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and thus other examples of example embodiments may have different values.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and all of the technical solutions are covered in the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1-5%, Cr: 18% -27%, carbon C: 2.5% -3.5%, Si: 0.30-0.60%, Mn: 0.40 to 0.55 percent of phosphorus P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of sulfur S and the balance of Fe.
2. The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1-3%, Cr: 18% -27%, carbon C: 2.8% -3.4%, Si: 0.40-0.60%, Mn: 0.50 to 0.55 percent of phosphorus P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of sulfur S and the balance of Fe.
3. The Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: molybdenum Mo: 1-1.5%, Cr: 18% -27%, carbon C: 2.8% -3.2%, Si: 0.40-0.60%, Mn: 0.50 to 0.55 percent of phosphorus P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of sulfur S and the balance of Fe.
4. A method for preparing a Mo-containing high chromium wear resistant alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1: according to the component content and the components of the used raw materials of high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrosilicon and waste steel, the proportion of the used raw materials of the high-carbon ferrochrome, the low-carbon ferrochrome, the ferromolybdenum, the ferrosilicon and the waste steel is determined, and furnace burden is prepared;
s2: putting the used raw materials of high-carbon ferrochrome, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrosilicon and scrap steel into a medium-frequency induction furnace for smelting, raising the temperature to 1550-1600 ℃, and preserving the heat;
s3: discharging, pouring molten iron into a preheating steel ladle when the temperature of the molten iron is 1500-1530 ℃, immediately covering a melt with dried heat release powder to remove slag while maintaining the temperature, and pouring into a resin sand mold for casting forming to obtain a casting blank;
s4: respectively carrying out annealing treatment, quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the casting blank to obtain the high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material; the annealing treatment is that the temperature is raised to 950 ℃ from room temperature at a certain speed, then the temperature is preserved for 2 hours, and then the temperature is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; the quenching treatment is that the temperature is raised to 1050 ℃ from room temperature at a certain speed, then the temperature is preserved for 1.5h, and then the casting blank is taken out and cooled to room temperature in air; and the tempering treatment is to heat the casting blank from the room temperature to 400-450 ℃ at a certain speed, then preserve heat for 1.5h, take out the casting blank, and cool the casting blank in air to the room temperature.
5. The preparation method of claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the smelting temperature is 1580 ℃ and the holding time is 1.5 h.
6. The production method according to claim 4, wherein in step S3, the casting temperature is 1500 ℃.
7. Use of a Mo-containing high chromium wear resistant alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in a crusher hammer head.
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