CN114645186B - High-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron capable of being electrically welded and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron capable of being electrically welded and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114645186B CN114645186B CN202210510170.9A CN202210510170A CN114645186B CN 114645186 B CN114645186 B CN 114645186B CN 202210510170 A CN202210510170 A CN 202210510170A CN 114645186 B CN114645186 B CN 114645186B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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Abstract
The invention provides an electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mass content of main chemical elements in the material is as follows: 6 to 10 percent, cr:10 to 40%, fe:42.5 to 82 percent of the matrix, wherein carbide formed by carbon and chromium in the material is dispersed in the matrix in a granular manner. The invention adopts unique powder mixing processing to prepare a porous blank, and then utilizes the processes of liquid forging and infiltration to prepare the porous blank. The carbon content in the material of the invention realizes limit breakthrough, which can reach more than 6 percent, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material is sharply reduced, and the crack propagation energy is sharply reduced, thereby effectively solving the problem that the material is easy to crack when heat is accumulated; the material can ensure the wear resistance and simultaneously improve the toughness value from 1 to 2J of the prior art method to 5 to 8J, and obtains the performance of direct electric welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cast iron material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to white wear-resistant cast iron with high chromium and capable of being electrically welded.
Background
The high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material is widely used as a third-generation wear-resistant material, because about 30 percent of carbide exists in the material, the matrix mainly comprises martensite, the structure distortion energy is large, the favorable factors of crack propagation are more, once thermal stress exists, the probability of cracking is very high, and therefore, on one hand, in the actual use or production and manufacturing process, the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material fails or the product rejection rate is high due to nonuniform heating; on the other hand, the long-term industry understanding of the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material generally holds that the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material is not suitable for direct electric welding operation and is a material which cannot be directly subjected to electric welding because heat is concentrated at a welding seam during electric welding to cause thermal stress concentration and the cracking of the material reaches 100%. In 1969, technical personnel in Australia provided a method for welding a high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material with a common carbon steel plate by a vacuum copper brazing method, and then assembled on mining machinery by electric welding by a double-layer material of the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material and the common carbon steel plate to achieve the purpose of wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a white wear-resistant cast iron material with high chromium for electric welding, which not only has the traditional wear resistance, but also can be directly used for electric welding operation because the problem of thermal stress is solved. Meanwhile, a preparation method for preparing the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material is provided. The scheme of the invention is as follows.
The high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron capable of being electrically welded comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass of the total mass of the cast iron, wherein the chemical elements comprise: 6 to 10 percent, cr:10 to 40%, mo:0.5 to 3.0%, ni:0 to 2.5%, mn:0.5 to 1.0%, si:0.3 to 0.9%, fe:42.4 to 82.7 percent, and the balance is inevitable impurity elements; the carbide formed by carbon and chromium is distributed in the matrix in a granular form.
The Rockwell hardness HRC of the material is 66 to 69, and the performance is better when the toughness value is 5 to 8J.
A method for preparing the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron comprises the following steps:
the step (1): mixing carbon powder, iron powder, high-carbon ferrochromium powder, ferromolybdenum powder, a binder and a pore-forming agent according to a certain proportion for at least 20 hours;
step (2): placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) in a die, pressing, and then carrying out heat treatment for a certain time to obtain a porous blank, wherein the porosity of the porous blank is 25-40%;
step (3): and (3) placing the porous blank prepared in the step (2) into a liquid forging die, pouring the pre-melted common high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron furnace burden which is completely liquid into a die cavity, standing, closing the die by a pressure applying device, keeping the die closing pressure of 200-400 tons for a certain time, applying at least 800 tons of pressure to the die until the liquid high-chromium cast iron furnace burden in the die is solidified, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the die to obtain the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron.
Experiments show that in the step (1), the mass ratio of the carbon powder, the iron powder, the high-carbon ferrochrome powder, the ferromolybdenum powder, the binder and the pore-forming agent is as follows: (6-10): (36-70): (10-50): 1-5): 0.5-1: (1-5), the porosity of the porous blank can reach about 30%, which is more beneficial to the infiltration of high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron furnace burden in the subsequent liquid forging processing, and the material performance is better.
In the step (2), the temperature for heat treatment of the mixed powder is 1200-1300 ℃ and the time is 16-26 hours, so that the porous blank can be processed more conveniently.
And (4) in the step (3), after the furnace burden is poured into the cavity of the mold, standing for at least 5 seconds, and keeping the mold clamping pressure for 5 to 10 seconds, so that the furnace burden can be favorably infiltrated into the porous blank and molded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the carbon content (mass percent) of the existing high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material is generally 2 to 3.5 percent, and the maximum carbon content is 3.8 to 4.0 percent. This is because, if the carbon content is increased further, the content of carbide (mainly, the chromium carbide of C3 Cr 7 and the chromium carbide of C1 Cr 1) in the material will exceed 40%, the high-chromium cast iron will be in a brittle region, not only will not be wear-resistant, but also will be easy to peel off in a large area, and will not be practical, therefore the carbon content of the existing high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material has a recognized upper limit value in the industry. The carbon content of the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron material can reach 6 percent, which is far beyond the limit of the carbon content of the existing material, and the toughness value of the high-chromium cast iron can reach more than 5J under the ultrahigh carbon content, so that the practical requirement can be met; the Rockwell hardness of the material can reach HRC69, and the wear resistance can be greatly improved.
2. The gold phase diagram of the material shows that carbides (mainly chromium carbide of C3-Cr 7 and chromium carbide of C1-Cr 1) formed by carbon and chromium in the material are completely distributed in a granular dispersion manner, and the carbides and a martensite or austenite matrix of the material are distributed in fine particles, have clean grain boundaries and strong inter-grain binding force, have no macroscopic slag holes and air holes and can greatly weaken the cutting condition of the carbides to the matrix; the carbide formed by carbon and chromium of the existing high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron is distributed in a strip shape or a chrysanthemum shape, the carbide in the state is hard and brittle, and has strong cutting action on a martensite matrix or an austenite matrix of the material, so that the content of the carbide is limited to the limit. Due to the change of the microstructure, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material is sharply reduced, and the crack propagation energy is sharply reduced, so that the problem that the material is easy to crack when heat is accumulated is effectively solved, and the aim that the material can be directly used for electric welding operation without cracking is fulfilled.
3. The invention adopts unique powder mixing processing to prepare a porous blank body, and then utilizes the processes of liquid forging and infiltration, so that the carbon content in the material can realize limit breakthrough firstly, thereby leading the material to have the breakthrough of the performance and further breaking through the limitation of the application; secondly, the method can improve the impact toughness of the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron, ensure the wear resistance, and simultaneously improve the toughness value of the material from 1 to 2J of the prior art method to 5 to 8J, thereby breaking through the performance limit of the traditional high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic micrograph of an electroweldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron of the invention of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic micrograph of a conventional high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron according to comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preparing high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron is implemented according to the following steps:
the step (1): mixing carbon powder, iron powder, high-carbon ferrochromium powder, ferromolybdenum powder, adhesive paraffin and pore-forming agent plastic particles for 20 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the substances is as follows: 6;
step (2): placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) in a die to be pressed, and then carrying out heat treatment for 26 hours at 1300 ℃ to obtain a porous blank, wherein the porosity of the porous blank is 35-40%;
step (3): and (3) placing the porous blank prepared in the step (2) into a liquid forging die, pouring the pre-melted completely liquid common high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron furnace burden (the furnace burden temperature is 1400 ℃) into a die cavity, standing for 5 seconds, closing the die by a pressure applying device, keeping the die closing pressure of 200 tons for 5 seconds, then applying at least 800 tons of pressure to the furnace until the liquid high-chromium cast iron furnace burden in the die is solidified, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the furnace from the die to obtain the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron.
The high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron capable of being electrically welded prepared by the method and the common traditional high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron (comparative example 1) with the mark of KmTBCr12 are respectively observed by a metallographic microscope under the same conditions, the gold phase diagrams of the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron are respectively shown in figures 1 and 2, as can be seen from figure 1, the carbide of the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron capable of being electrically welded prepared by the method is in granular dispersed distribution in the matrix, and as can be seen from figure 2, the carbide of the common traditional high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron of the comparative example 1 is in a needle bar shape or a chrysanthemum shape and is distributed in the matrix.
The detection shows that the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron prepared by the method has the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 6%, cr:10%, mo: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, ni: less than or equal to 2 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, si:0.3 percent of Fe, more than or equal to 80.5 percent and less than or equal to 80.7 percent, and the balance of impurity elements. The Rockwell hardness HRC of the material is 63, and the toughness value is 5J.
Example 2
A method for preparing white wear-resistant cast iron with high chromium and capable of being electrically welded comprises the following steps:
the step (1): mixing carbon powder, iron powder, high-carbon ferrochromium powder, ferromolybdenum powder, adhesive paraffin and pore-forming agent plastic particles for 30 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the substances is as follows: 10;
step (2): placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) in a die to be pressed, and then carrying out heat treatment for 26 hours at 1200 ℃ to obtain a porous blank, wherein the porosity of the porous blank is 25-29%;
step (3): and (3) placing the porous blank prepared in the step (2) into a liquid forging die, pouring the pre-melted completely liquid common high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron burden (the burden temperature is 1400 ℃) into a die cavity, standing for 8 seconds, closing the die by a pressure applying device, keeping the closing pressure of 200 tons for 10 seconds, then applying at least 800 tons of pressure to the furnace until the liquid high-chromium cast iron burden in the die is solidified, cooling to room temperature, and taking out from the die to obtain the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron.
Through detection, the high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron prepared by the method has the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 10%, cr:40%, mo: less than or equal to 3 percent, ni: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, mn: less than or equal to 1 percent, si: not more than 0.9 percent, not more than 42.4 percent and not more than 42.6 percent of Fe, and the balance of impurity elements. The Rockwell hardness of the material is HRC69, and the impact value is 6J.
Example 3
A method for preparing white wear-resistant cast iron with high chromium and capable of being electrically welded comprises the following steps:
the step (1): mixing carbon powder, iron powder, high-carbon ferrochromium powder, ferromolybdenum powder, adhesive paraffin and pore-forming agent plastic particles for 30 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the substances is as follows: 7;
step (2): placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) in a die to be pressed, and then carrying out heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 16 hours to obtain a porous blank, wherein the porosity of the porous blank is 30-32%;
step (3): and (3) placing the porous blank prepared in the step (2) into a liquid forging die, pouring the pre-melted completely liquid common high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron furnace burden (the furnace burden temperature is 1400 ℃) into a die cavity, standing for 10 seconds, closing the die by a pressure applying device, keeping the die closing pressure of 200 tons for 8 seconds, then applying at least 800 tons of pressure to the furnace until the liquid high-chromium cast iron furnace burden in the die is solidified, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the furnace from the die to obtain the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron.
The detection shows that the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron prepared by the method has the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 7%, cr:28 to 30%, mo: less than or equal to 2.5 percent, ni: less than or equal to 2 percent, mn: less than or equal to 1 percent, si:0.5 percent, more than or equal to 57 percent and less than or equal to 59 percent of Fe, and the balance of impurity elements. The Rockwell hardness of the material is HRC68, and the impact value is 8J.
Claims (3)
1. The white wear-resistant cast iron with high chromium content capable of being electrowelded is characterized in that: the mass ratio of each chemical element in the material to the total mass of the material is as follows: 6 to 10 percent, cr:10 to 40%, mo:0.5 to 3.0%, ni:0 to 2.5%, mn:0.5 to 1.0%, si:0.3 to 0.9%, fe:42.4 to 82.7 percent, and the balance is inevitable impurity elements; carbide formed by carbon and chromium is dispersed in the matrix in a granular manner; the material is prepared by the following steps:
the step (1): mixing carbon powder, iron powder, high-carbon ferrochromium powder, ferromolybdenum powder, a binder and a pore-forming agent according to the ratio of (6-10): (36 to 70), (10 to 50), (1 to 5), (0.5 to 1), (1 to 5) are mixed for at least 20 hours;
step (2): placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) in a mold for pressing, and then carrying out heat treatment at 1200-1300 ℃ for 16-26 hours to obtain a porous blank, wherein the porosity of the porous blank is 25-40%;
step (3): and (3) placing the porous blank prepared in the step (2) into a liquid forging die, pouring the pre-melted common high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron furnace burden which is completely liquid into a die cavity, standing for at least 5 seconds, closing the die by a pressure applying device, keeping the die closing pressure of 200-400 tons for 5-10 seconds, applying the pressure of at least 800 tons until the liquid high-chromium cast iron furnace burden in the die is solidified, cooling to room temperature, and taking out from the die to obtain the electric-weldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron.
2. The electrically weldable high chromium white wear-resistant cast iron of claim 1, wherein: the Rockwell hardness HRC of the material is 66 to 69.
3. The electroweldable high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron of claim 1, wherein: the toughness value of the material is 5 to 8J.
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| GB8403036D0 (en) * | 1984-02-04 | 1984-03-07 | Sheepbridge Equipment Ltd | Cast iron alloys |
| DE4493399T1 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1996-08-22 | Warman Int Ltd | Microstructured refined multiphase castings |
| CN108220756A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2018-06-29 | 镇江苏佰鑫工程机械有限公司 | A kind of high-chromium cast iron alloy backplate |
| CN109082579B (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-04-17 | 天津沃盾耐磨材料有限公司 | Impact-resistant wear-resistant composite steel plate |
| CN111621721B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-01-04 | 东北大学 | High-manganese high-carbon weldable metal ceramic block, enhanced roller sleeve and preparation method thereof |
| CN111778446B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-06-25 | 北京云创新材科技有限公司 | Mo-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113292318A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-08-24 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of ZTA/high-chromium cast iron composite wear-resistant material |
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