CN109694981A - Full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A kind of full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body and preparation method thereof is provided, the raw material melting that full A type graphite material is made of steel scrap, foundry returns, carburant, inovulant forms, wherein raw-material weight part matches are as follows: 75~80 parts of steel scrap, 16~20 parts of foundry returns make steel scrap, foundry returns proportion relation 4:1；Carburant is 2.5~3 parts；Inovulant is 0.5 part.Finally make to include C 3.0%~3.1%, Si in the full A type graphite material of melting formation to be 1.9%~2.1%, make Si/C ratio 0.63~0.7, Cu is 0.6%~0.7%, Mo is 0.40%~0.60%, Cr is 0.10%~0.20%, Ni is 0.30%~0.50%；Remaining is Fe.Preparation method includes；Raw material is weighed, steel scrap is first added, adds foundry returns and carburant, finally add inovulant.The present invention uses carbon equivalent high technique, guarantees to start under the premise of good casting character from multi-element low alloy angle, promotes refinement pearly-lustre element of volume, improves content of pearlite in alloy and improves graphite form, improves cylinder block strength and hardness, enhance body wearability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to A type graphite field of material technology, and in particular to a kind of full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body
Material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
With the fast development of Chinese economy, proposing the requirement of shipping heavy loading and passenger traffic high speed to railway transportation.
Locomotive is the material base of railway transportation, decides weight, the speed of train, and the height of operation efficiency directly affects iron
The producing level of road transport Movement Capabilities and brought economic benefit and social benefit, and the height of locomotive efficiency very great Cheng
It is decided by the power and performance of diesel engine on degree, carrying out powerful diesel engine of locomotive research just becomes highly important task.
Diesel engine is mainly used for the active force of train internal combustion engine, is one of the important component of train internal combustion engine, the direct shadow of performance
The traveling of train is rung, and the body as diesel engine main element, its performance are even more before guaranteeing that diesel engine works normally
It mentions, casting quality is required very high.On a diesel engine, body is most harsh one of the part of operating condition, and stress is complicated, it
The motive power that entire diesel engine is transmitted in high-speed motion, subjects high load, and body is that restriction diesel engine is further strong
One of bottleneck of change, quality, the quality of body design can all directly affect the economy of diesel engine, reliability and use the longevity
Life.
For diesel oil for locomotive machine body, work condition environment is harsh, bears the alternating downloads such as friction, high temperature, high pressure for a long time
Lotus and heat fatigue, good mechanical performance, metallographic structure and compactness have crucial influence to body, if chemical
The unreasonable, cooling velocity of ingredient design is relatively low or higher etc., will lead to and generates shrinkage cavity and porosity defect, casting stress becomes larger, causes
There is the problems such as microstructure segregation, crackle, wear no resistance in body.
The gray cast iron diesel-engine body used now has the good combination properties such as wearability height, the good, machinability of damping property
Advantage, gray iron material have become the preferred material of diesel oil for locomotive machine body.But its tensile strength is lower and limits using model
The advantages of enclosing, how playing gray cast iron improves the low disadvantage of its tensile strength, produces high-intensitive castings of gray cast iron, expands
Its application range increasingly causes the great attention of vast researcher and manufacturer.But good casting character depends on
In the performance and the quantity of graphite, shape, size, distribution of matrix, wherein with the pearlite matrix of fine grain and fine platy A type stone
The best performance of the gray cast iron of ink composition, application range are most wide.A type graphite is hypoeutectic gray iron in higher eutectic degree and degree of supercooling
When less it is normal, be uniformly distributed and the most common graphite structure, it is lower to the effect of isolating of metal, while having this
The cast iron content of pearlite in alloy of kind graphite is high, therefore intensity and wearability are good.And if Type B or D, E type graphite occur, it can make in matrix
There are some ferrites to occur, this not only makes casting soften, but also wearability is also low.So for structure is complicated, size is larger, wall
Thick relatively thin and highly non-uniform diesel-engine body, improves content of pearlite in alloy and obtains full A type graphite form, to improve body
Intensity and hardness enhance body wearability, are to improve the necessary of body performance to improve.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that: a kind of full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body and its preparation side are provided
Method, present invention aims to overcome that in the prior art diesel-engine body there are the problem of, mentioned for large complicated diesel-engine body
New casting Technology Design thinking out, using carbon equivalent high technique, from polynary low conjunction under the premise of guaranteeing good casting character
Aurification angle is started with, and refinement pearly-lustre element of volume is promoted, and is improved content of pearlite in alloy and is improved graphite form, to improve the strong of body
Degree and hardness enhance body wearability, so that performance, metallographic structure, surface quality and the internal soundness of body is all satisfied technology and want
It asks.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention: the full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body, the full A type graphite material
The raw material melting being made of steel scrap, foundry returns, carburant, inovulant forms, and each component parts by weight are matched in chinese raw materials
Than are as follows:
75~80 parts of the steel scrap, 16~20 parts of foundry returns make steel scrap, foundry returns proportion relation 4:1；
The carburant is 2.5~3 parts；
The inovulant is 0.5 part；
Include C, Si and multi-element low alloy element and its mass percent in the full A type graphite material for finally being formed melting
Content are as follows:
The C content is 3.0%~3.1%, Si content is 1.9%~2.1%, makes Si/C ratio 0.63~0.7；
It containing Cu content be 0.6%~0.7%, Mo content is 0.40%~0.60% in the multi-element low alloy element,
Cr content is that 0.10%~0.20%, Ni content is 0.30%~0.50%；
Remaining is Fe.
Wherein, the carbon equivalent of the full A type graphite material is 3.6%~3.8%.
Preferably, the inovulant is 75 silicon iron inoculators containing silicomanganese zr element.
The preparation method of the full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body, includes the following steps；
(1) each raw material is weighed according to the raw material each component weight of full A type graphite material；
(2) it will first weigh steel scrap to be added in smelting furnace in batches, and keep the temperature in smelting furnace at 1420 DEG C~1480 DEG C,
To making, steel scrap is whole to be melted；
(3) weighed carburant and foundry returns are sequentially added in smelting furnace again, keeps the temperature in smelting furnace 1500
DEG C~1520 DEG C, until making all fusing uniformly mixing of carburant and foundry returns；
(4) it finally will all melt uniform melt to pour into pouring ladle, temperature is maintained at 1400 DEG C~1430 DEG C, and adds
Enter inovulant, obtains full A type graphite material.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of:
1, for this programme according to diesel body structure complexity, dimension precision requirement is high, and low-carbon-equivalent high alloy is easy to produce
Shrinkage cavity and porosity defect, and casting stress is larger, leads to problems such as body microstructure segregation occur, crackle, wear no resistance, suitably mentions
Carbon equivalent high and Si/C ratio, keep graphite few, tiny, reduce graphite size, graphite tip is more blunt, and graphite isolates the work of matrix
With decrease, more Si are solid-solution in and are allowed to strengthen in ferrite in gray cast iron in addition, to improve the tensile strength of body, obtain
Tiny full A type graphite；
2, this programme reduces or does not use the pig iron by the additional amount of steel scrap and foundry returns in increase metal charge, secondly,
Improve the metallurgy characteristic of molten iron to obtain the rational proportion of carbon, silicon, manganese, sulphur and the big element of phosphorus five with carburant carburetting,
The effect of inoculation can be preferably played, to improve the intensity of gray cast iron；
3, more demanding to tensile strength due to diesel-engine body, while the requirement to graphite size is also very high.For ash
For cast iron, more and coarse graphite flakes, intensity, difference of hardness are dispersed on ferritic matrix；But in the base of pearlite
Uniform, tiny graphite flake is dispersed on body, intensity, hardness are relatively high.The method that the present invention selects multi-element low alloy,
By the way that a variety of alloying elements such as a small amount of copper, molybdenum, chromium are added into iron liquid, alloying element has refinement graphite and eutectic cell, increases
Add the content of matrix medium pearlite, and make pearlite piece spacing refine the effects of, with reach improve casting matrix and
Tiny full A type graphite is obtained, casting tensile strength is improved, improves the purpose of cast properties；
4, this programme is used for structure is complicated, size is larger, wall thickness is relatively thin and highly non-uniform diesel-engine body feature
Carbon equivalent high technique is started under the premise of guaranteeing good casting character from multi-element low alloy angle, is improved and is promoted refinement pearl
Body of light element improves content of pearlite in alloy and obtains full A graphite form, to improve the intensity and hardness of body, enhancing body is resistance to
Mill property.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the graphite morphology figure of body 1# in the embodiment of the present invention；
Displaing micro tissue topography's figure that Fig. 2 is body 1# in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the graphite morphology figure of body 2# in the embodiment of the present invention；
Displaing micro tissue topography's figure that Fig. 4 is body 2# in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the graphite morphology figure of body 3# in the embodiment of the present invention；
Displaing micro tissue topography's figure that Fig. 6 is body 3# in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the graphite morphology figure of body 4# in the embodiment of the present invention；
Displaing micro tissue topography's figure that Fig. 8 is body 4# in the embodiment of the present invention；.
Specific embodiment
1-8 describes the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body, the full A type graphite material is by steel scrap, foundry returns, carburetting
Agent, the raw material melting of inovulant composition form, each component weight in chinese raw materials are as follows:
75~80 parts of the steel scrap, 16~20 parts of foundry returns make steel scrap, foundry returns proportion relation 4:1；
The carburant is 2.5~3 parts；
The inovulant is 0.5 part；
Include C, Si and multi-element low alloy element and its mass percent in the full A type graphite material for finally being formed melting
Content are as follows:
The C content is 3.0%~3.1%, Si content is 1.9%~2.1%, makes Si/C ratio 0.63~0.7；
It containing Cu content be 0.6%~0.7%, Mo content is 0.40%~0.60% in the multi-element low alloy element,
Cr content is that 0.10%~0.20%, Ni content is 0.30%~0.50%；
Remaining is Fe.
Wherein, the carbon equivalent of the full A type graphite material is 3.6%~3.8%.
Preferably, the inovulant is 75 silicon iron inoculators containing silicomanganese zr element.
The constituent content selection determination process of full A type graphite material is described in detail below；
1, the design of carbon equivalent ce and Si/C ratio
To realize under conditions of identical carbon equivalent, with the raising of silicon carbon ratio, the austenite dendrites quantity of gray cast iron increases
Add.High silicon makes austenite dendrites start to generate in higher temperature, and extends growth time, increases primary austenite quantity
Add, austenite skeleton is strengthened, while when high silicon makes eutectic crystallization, graphite is few, also relatively fine, graphite tip compared with
Blunt, graphite isolates the declines of matrix, and more Si can play the ferrite in matrix admittedly in gray cast iron in addition
Molten invigoration effect, is correspondingly improved tensile strength.Therefore, according to the design feature of diesel-engine body and technical requirements, in conjunction with
Past knowhow determines that carbon equivalent is 3.6%-3.8%, C content is 3.0%~3.1%, Si content be 1.9%~
2.1%, make Si/C ratio 0.63~0.7.
2, the parts by weight design of steel scrap, foundry returns and carburant
According to relevant information and the production practices of body in recent years, the new pig iron of the pig iron especially high-carbon quantity, itself is containing thick
Big graphite flake, although the fusing point of graphite is at 2000 DEG C or more, and graphite cannot melt completely in reflow process by remelting
Change, becomes the core of graphite crystallization in crystallization, become thick graphite.So the increasing of the additional amount with foundry iron
Add, the tensile strength of gray cast iron is remarkably decreased.The present invention is not added by the additional amount of steel scrap and foundry returns in increase metal charge
Enter any pig iron, while selecting common carburant carburetting, improves the metallurgy characteristic of molten iron, enhance the effect of inoculation, thus
Thinning microstructure obtains A type graphite, improves the intensity of body.It is final to determine 75~80 parts of steel scrap, 16~20 parts of foundry returns, make to give up
Steel, foundry returns proportion relation are 4:1；Carburant is 2.5~3 parts.
3, the matching and design of multi-element low alloy element
High trade mark gray iron casting is produced, the control of matrix is particularly important.It generally selects suitable carbon equivalent and passes through
Breed, rotten means control the matrix of cast iron, but tend not to obtain required tissue, intensity and hardness are not achieved
The requirement of part.When especially production carbon equivalent is greater than 3.6% complex-shaped casting, it is added without appropriate and suitable alloy
Element, it is difficult to obtain ideal pearlitic structrure, and there is also coarse graphite.At this point, being arranged even if taking and breeding accordingly
It applies, it is also difficult to guarantee stable intensity.And alloying element is added in gray cast iron and is shown to improve the dominant mechanism of intensity: (1)
Refine graphite and eutectic cell；(2) increase the content of matrix medium pearlite, and refine the piece spacing of pearlite；(3) carburizing is improved
The thermal stability of body, prevents pearlite from decomposing at high temperature；(4) carbide or the hardening phase containing alloying element are generated.
Also have high requirements since engine block material is more demanding to tensile strength, and to graphite size, therefore
The method that multi-element low alloy should be taken, by the way that a variety of alloying elements such as a small amount of copper, molybdenum, chromium, nickel are added into iron liquid, to reach
To improved matrix and graphite form, the purpose of casting tensile strength is improved.
Copper is to promote graphited element, can refine graphite and improve its distributional pattern, can promote and refine pearlite,
Pearlite and ferrite can be strengthened, reduce sensitivity profile, therefore can increase the intensity and hardness of cast iron, for bavin of the present invention
Oil machine body determines that copper content is 0.6%~0.7%.
Molybdenum is moderate stable carbide former and hinders graphited element, and molybdenum can refine and improve graphite point
Cloth can refine pearlite and increase its content, while molybdenum can also strengthen the ferrite in pearlite, thus can effectively improve
Intensity, the hardness of cast iron.Therefore it is commonly used to manufacture high-strength gray cast iron part.For diesel-engine body of the present invention, molybdenum content is determined
It is 0.40%~0.60%.
Chromium is strong stable carbide, hinders graphited element.W (Cr) 0.5% or so is added in common grey iron,
Graphite can be refined, increases pearlite fraction, the intensity and hardness of cast iron can be improved.But chromium increases casting simultaneously and generates contracting
Hole, shrinkage defect risk.For diesel-engine body of the present invention, determine that chromium content is 0.10%~0.20%.
Nickel is to promote graphite element, reduces austenite transformation temperature, expands austenitic area, can refine and increase pearly-lustre
Body is conducive to the raising of tensile strength.For diesel-engine body of the present invention, determine that nickel content is 0.30%~0.50%.
The materials such as carburant used in the present invention, steel scrap, foundry returns, inovulant can be commercially available on the market or
Production.
The preparation method of the full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body, includes the following steps；
(1) each raw material is weighed according to the raw material each component weight of full A type graphite material；
(2) it will first weigh steel scrap to be added in smelting furnace in batches, and keep the temperature in smelting furnace at 1420 DEG C~1480 DEG C,
To making, steel scrap is whole to be melted；
(3) weighed carburant and foundry returns are sequentially added in smelting furnace again, keeps the temperature in smelting furnace 1500
DEG C~1520 DEG C, until making all fusing uniformly mixing of carburant and foundry returns；
(4) it finally will all melt uniform melt to pour into pouring ladle, temperature is maintained at 1400 DEG C~1430 DEG C, and adds
Enter inovulant, obtains full A type graphite material.
It is below to rely on a diesel-engine body, carries out to obtain full A type graphite, improves gray cast iron tensile strength and wear-resisting
Property implementation verifying, the body mechanical performance and metallographic structure require that see Table 1 for details.
1 body mechanical performance of table and metallographic structure requirement
| Serial number | Project | Parameter, index | Sampling point |
| 1 | Tensile strength | ≥258.60MPa | Attached casting sample |
| 2 | Graphite type | A type graphite >=90% | Attached casting sample |
| 3 | Graphite size | Graphite length≤16mm (100 times of amplifications), and accounting >=90% | Attached casting sample |
| 4 | Matrix | Ferrite < 5% | Attached casting sample |
Tetra- body 1#, body 2#, body 3#, body 4# bodies are taken to be tested, wherein
The raw material ratio of body 1#: 77 parts of steel scrap, 20 parts of foundry returns, 3 parts of carburant；It is polynary low in the melting liquid of formation
Alloy element component are as follows: it be 0.46%, Cr content be 0.18%, Ni content is 0.34% that Cu content, which is 0.65%, Mo content,；It is pregnant
It educates processing: 0.5 part of silicomanganese zirconium inovulant is added.
The raw material ratio of body 2#: 78 parts of steel scrap, 19 parts of foundry returns, 3 parts of carburant；It is polynary low in the melting liquid of formation
Alloy element component are as follows: it be 0.40%, Cr content be 0.20%, Ni content is 0.30% that Cu content, which is 0.60%, Mo content,；It is pregnant
It educates processing: 0.5 part of silicomanganese zirconium inovulant is added.
Body 3# is identical with the raw material ratio of body 4#, are as follows: 80 parts of steel scrap, 17 parts of foundry returns, 3 parts of carburant；Shape
At melting liquid in multi-element low alloy elemental composition are as follows: Cu content is that 0.70%, Mo content is that 0.50%, Cr content is
0.20%, Ni content are 0.40%；Inoculation: 0.5 part of silicomanganese zirconium inovulant is added.
The mechanical performance that tetra- above-mentioned body 1#, body 2#, body 3#, body 4# bodies obtain is shown in Table 2, acquisition
Metallographic structure is as shown in figures 1-8.
2 body mechanical performance testing result of table
| Body number | Tensile strength | Hardness | Graphite type | Graphite length≤16mm (ratio) | Matrix | Sampling point |
| 1# | 273MPa | 228HB | 100%A type | 90% | Pearl 98 | Attached casting sample |
| 2# | 271MPa | 217HB | 100%A type | 95% | Pearl 98 | Attached casting sample |
| 3# | 322MPa | 232HB | 100%A type | 97% | Pearl 98 | Attached casting sample |
| 4# | 314MPa | 242HB | 100%A type | 94% | Pearl 98 | Attached casting sample |
Four body passage capacity detections, metallographic structure detection, dissection, body surface quality and internal soundness are all satisfied skill
Art requirement, and technical requirements are met to first body progress radiographic inspection and coloration detection, testing result.
The present invention uses carbon equivalent high technique, enters under the premise of guaranteeing good casting character from multi-element low alloy angle
Hand improves and promotes refinement pearly-lustre element of volume, improves content of pearlite in alloy and improves graphite form, to improve the intensity of body and hard
Degree enhances body wearability, avoids because Design of Chemical Composition is unreasonable, cooling velocity is relatively low or higher etc. will lead to generation contracting
Hole, shrinkage defect, casting stress become larger, and body is led to problems such as microstructure segregation occur, crackle, wear no resistance.
Above-described embodiment, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention practical range, therefore all with this
The equivalence changes that content described in invention claim is done should all be included within scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. the full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body, it is characterised in that: the full A type graphite material is by steel scrap, melts down
The raw material melting of material, carburant, inovulant composition forms, each component weight in chinese raw materials are as follows:
75~80 parts of the steel scrap, 16~20 parts of foundry returns make steel scrap, foundry returns proportion relation 4:1；
The carburant is 2.5~3 parts；
The inovulant is 0.5 part；
Include C, Si and multi-element low alloy element and its mass percentage content in the full A type graphite material for finally being formed melting
Are as follows:
The C content is 3.0%~3.1%, Si content is 1.9%~2.1%, makes Si/C ratio 0.63~0.7；
It containing Cu content be 0.6%~0.7%, Mo content is that 0.40%~0.60%, Cr contains in the multi-element low alloy element
It is 0.30%~0.50% that amount, which is 0.10%~0.20%, Ni content,；
Remaining is Fe.
2. the full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the full A type stone
The carbon equivalent of ink material is 3.6%~3.8%.
3. the full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the inovulant
For 75 silicon iron inoculators containing silicomanganese zr element.
4. the preparation method of the full A type graphite material of high-power diesel engine body according to claim 1,2 or 3, feature
It is: includes the following steps；
(1) each raw material is weighed according to the raw material each component weight of full A type graphite material；
(2) it will first weigh steel scrap to be added in smelting furnace in batches, and keep the temperature in smelting furnace at 1420 DEG C~1480 DEG C, until making
Steel scrap all melts；
(3) weighed carburant and foundry returns are sequentially added in smelting furnace again, keep smelting furnace in temperature 1500 DEG C~
1520 DEG C, until making all fusing uniformly mixing of carburant and foundry returns；
(4) it finally will all melt uniform melt to pour into pouring ladle, temperature is maintained at 1400 DEG C~1430 DEG C, and is added pregnant
Agent is educated, full A type graphite material is obtained.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109594011A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-09 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Applied to high-precision inside and outside circle, the grinding cast iron of plane lapping and its manufacturing method |
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