CN1095736C - 制造带肋板件的方法及所制的板件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种制造带肋板件例如纤维板或碎片板的方法,所述板件在制造过程中不会发生断裂。按本发明方法制成的带肋板件可用于装货构件中的铺面板。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明总的涉及复合材料制品。更具体地说,涉及一种制造用于装货构件的模压板件制品的方法。
相关技术说明
现已有许多种木质复合材料,例如,硬质纤维板、中等密度的纤维板和软质纤维板之类的纤维板;颗粒层压板、薄片层压板之类的碎屑板;和有方向性的线绳板。也有使用上述材料组合制成的板件。
现有技术中已有许多不同的制造上述木质复合材料例如纤维板的方法,例如授予Hsu等人的美国专利No.4514532(1985.4.30)和授予Newman等人的No.4828643(1989.5.9)公开了这种方法,这些专利的内容已纳入本文作为参考。制造纤维板的主要方法有:(a)湿粘结/湿加压法或者说“湿法”工艺;(b)干粘结/干加压法或者说“干法”工艺;和(c)湿粘结/干加压法或者说“湿-干法”工艺。在这些方法中,常用合成树脂例如苯酚甲醛(“PF”)树脂或改型的PF树脂作为粘结剂。
在湿法工艺中,通常将纤维素的纤维(例如将木屑在加压匀料机内进行纤维化制成的木纤维)置入料罐内,与大量的水掺和混合制成浆料。该浆料最好具有足够的水量可让大部分木纤维悬浮之,其含水量至少为95%(wt)。这种水用于使合成树脂粘结剂例如苯酚甲醛树脂分布到所有的木纤维中。将上述浆料混合物倒在可透水的支承件例如细丝网或长网式丝网上,并进行预加压,从而使大部分水除去,留下一种含水量例如占干纤维料重量约50%的纤维素料的湿板坯。将该湿板坯转移到压机上,并在加热和加压的条件下固结之,制成模压的木质复合材料板件。
湿-干成形法也可用来制造木质复合材料板件。该湿-干法工艺也是首先将纤维素料(例如木纤维)在料罐中与大量的水掺合起来,然后在该浆料中掺入树脂粘结剂,再将这种浆料混合物倒到可透水的支承件上,除去大量(例如,50%或更多)的水,从而形成一种含水量例如大约为40%~60%(wt)的湿板坯。然后将该湿板坯转移到加热区,通过加热蒸发除去许多水分,制成干的板坯,这种干板坯中含水量最好约为10%(wt)或更少些。再将该干板坯移到压机上,并在加热的条件下固结,制成可以是例如平板或模压制件的木质复合材料板件。所述制件可以根据所需的用途模压成各种形状或者说几何形状。
在干法工艺中,木纤维通常是通过气流或机械装置而不是通过液流输送的。从纤维化设备供入的木纤维与热固性树脂粘结剂(例如苯酚甲醛树脂)和整形剂(例如蜡)相混合。将添加了树脂(3%~10%)和蜡的纤维干燥,然后将该纤维吹到支承件上而随便制成一种板坯(粘结的)。再将这种通常含有大约占干纤维重量3%~10%的水分的板坯在加热状态下加压以使热固性树脂固化并将板坯压成一种整体的固结构件。这种板坯可用机械压模压制成从平板到三维结构的各种各样的形状。
但是,在将板坯压制成带肋的构件时,出现了各种问题,当制造带肋的高密度纤维板时,板件可能会在带肋结构的平台处发生断裂,从而降低了制件的强度,并使搬移操作性变差。另外还会出现其他问题例如制成品表面较软、固结不足、脆性、起泡和挠曲。
因此,希望能够制造出在制造过程中不会断裂的带肋的高密度纤维板件。
本专利还涉及装货构件例如货架的制造。目前,上述的货架是用不同材料例如木材、胶合板、木质复合材料、塑料、瓦楞硬纸板和金属来制造。这些材料各自具有自身的优、缺点。实心木材由于其较低的成本、一定的强度和刚度而最常用于制造货架构件,可是,木材存在不均质性,潮湿时很笨重、在组装成货架时要花很大的劳动。胶合板制的货架,公认其使用寿命长达7~8年。而且,这类货架也容易修复。但是,胶合板也笨重。而且,成本也较高,因为它必须从4英尺×8英尺的板切取部件,这就降低了每块板的利用率。
也有采用塑料货架件包括用高密度聚乙烯制成的货架件的,但是,塑料货架件的价格比木制货架高4倍。塑料货架件的优点是模压性和脱模性好,但是,其公知的限制因素有:板件下陷抗力较低、易着火且难以修复。
金属货架件在工业上应用范围最小,它们是很贵的,但是,可承受大负荷,实际上是不会坏的。
木材/塑料复合材料货架件(例如美国俄亥俄州Toronto的Dura制品跨国公司、Vienna的Ontario和Litco跨国公司供应的那类)可用木屑刨花和废塑料瓶制成。木质复合材料比木材轻、完全可回收、经济上有竞争力、并具有均匀一致的尺寸。这种复合材料货架件的不足之处是承载能力较低-限于2800磅以下,而且某些类型的木材/塑料复合材料制件若与火接触,会放出有毒的烟雾。
瓦楞硬纸板货架件是专用构件,仅限于承载500~2800磅。其优点是可回收性和设计上的灵活性。工人们搬运这类货架件是安全的,并且容易清除、制造时不产生碎屑,不用钉子,制品具有均质性而没有模型孢子,而且其重量仅为木材的三分之一。但是,瓦楞硬纸板货架件比木制件易损坏,难以在运输系统中应用,承重量有限,遇到水时会降低性能。为了提高其防水性,可在瓦楞件上涂蜡,但是,若这类制品涂蜡,成本就提高了,而且难以回收了。
因此,最好能制造出可保持瓦楞硬纸板货架件的有益性能同时又提高其防水性并具有强度的货架构件。
发明概述
本发明的目的是克服上述的至少一项缺点。
按照本发明,将一种含有木质材料、农作物纤维、合成纤维之类的材料和粘结树脂的板坯置入一种其结构可制成具有邻接的外区和斜面区的带肋的复合材料板件的压模内。该压模的结构做成可制出上述外区与斜面区之间的厚度差异(最好是外区的厚度小于斜面区厚度)。
按照本发明的实施例,一种装货构件例如货架铺面板或货架板条具体应用了本发明的带肋的复合材料板件。
通过下面结合附图和所附权利要求的详细说明,熟悉本技术的人们将会更加了解本发明的其他目的和优点,附图中:
附图简述
图1(a)是本发明所用的压模的剖视图;
图1(b)是按本发明制成的带肋板件的剖视图;
图2(a)是按本发明制成的带肋板件的优选实施例的剖视图;
图2(b)是按本发明优选实施例所用的压模的剖视图;
图3(a)是本发明优选实施例所用压模的上视图;
图4是按本发明制成的带肋板件的透视图;
图5是按本发明制成的具有华芙饼干形状的带肋板件的透视图;
图6是按本发明制成的具有多方向肋条的带肋板件的透视图;
图7是按本发明制成的又一种带肋板件的透视图;
图8是装有按本发明制成的带肋板件的货架的透视图;和
图9是装有按本发明制成的带肋板件的另一种货架的透视图。
发明详述
按照本发明,提出一种用人造板坯制造带肋的复合材料制件的方法,所述的板坯含有诸如木质材料、农作物纤维和人造纤维之类的材料。上述木质材料可以是纤维、碎片和/或薄片。另外,上述的板坯还可含有填料以获得各种所需性能。按照本发明的方法,上述板坯在成形装置中在加热加压条件下固结而制成带肋的复合材料板件例如纤维板、碎片板、或者说华芙板。在加压时,上述板件保持完整性而不破裂。本发明的带肋的模压复合材料制件在沿其肋的方向具有比相应的面板制件更高的刚性和搬移操作性。本发明制件的优越的性能使其可在例如货架铺面板、货架板条、滑板、瓦楞盒插件和外封装保护件等的用途中制成优质构件。
下面说明制造带肋的高密度纤维板制件的最佳实施例。但是,就当明白,本发明也适用于制造其他的带肋木质复合材料制件例如碎片板、华芙板、有方向性的线绳板、或纤维板。制造本发明的优选带肋制件所用的原材料是通过将原木或其他来源的木料破碎成碎屑而得到的。上述碎屑在热-机械匀料机中通过蒸汽和机械的作用再破碎成更均匀的纤维。(本发明的碎片板制件所用的薄木片是通过机械切片和机械刨片而制成的)。本发明的木质复合材料制件所用的纤维的来源最好是硬木类和软木类的混合纤维,但是,其原材料也可以是农作物纤维(例如稻草纤维、槿麻纤维和大麻纤维)或人造纤维。用那种纤维取决于原料来源、成本和具体应用要求。制造上述纤维的各种方法在现有技术中是公知的。
本发明的带肋的高密度纤维板最好用干粘结工艺制成。该干粘结工艺是由美国农业部的Otto Suchs land等人在1986年发表的《美国纤维板制造实践》中公开的,其内容纳入本文作为参考。在本发明的干法工艺中,木纤维最好通过气流或机械方法输送而不是通过液流运送。但是,本发明方法也可采用现有技术公知的湿法或干-湿法工艺。从纤维化设备供入的木纤维可以在管吹工艺或搅拌工艺的混合工序中添加一种热固性树脂粘结剂。苯酚甲醛(PF)树脂和密胺尿甲醛(MUF)树脂是首选树脂,但是,现有技术中公知的其他树脂例如异氰酸树酯也可以用。作为一个实例,上述的PF树脂可添加的量约占干纤维重量的1%~8%(最好约为3.5%~4.5%)。上述木纤维最好还添加一种蜡例如乳化蜡以改善制成品的耐水性添加量最好约为干纤维重量的1.0%~2.5%。也可在制成品表面上涂上一层回火油,以提高其表面硬度、机加工性和耐水性能。
对上述的混合有树脂的纤维进行干燥,然后通过将纤维气吹到支承件上的方法任意制成一种连续的板坯,所述的板坯通常含有约占干纤维重量5%~10%的水分(最好约占干纤维重量5.5%~7%的水分)。然后使上述板坯在加热加压的条件下固结,以使上述热固性树脂固化,并将板坯压成固结制件或者说整体构件。
正如熟悉本技术的人们所知的那样,理想的加压温度和压力可根据各种因素而改变,这些因素包括:板的厚度、待加压的纤维/碎片的类型、原材料的水分含量、加压时间、和所用树脂的种类。木质材料和/或农作物纤维中的含水量(称为“配料含水量”)是一个决定板坯在给定加压条件下芯部可达到的温度从而可控制加压循环的重要因素。提高加压时的温度可缩短加压时间。
按照本发明,将上述板坯置入具有独特的最佳结构的压模组件内。用于制造带肋制件的压模组件的结构(下面将较详细说明)最好具有(a)多个沿纵向延伸的大致平坦的外区(有时称为平台区或突起区),和多个沿纵向延伸位于上述外区之间并与外区邻接的内区(有时称为斜面区或倾斜区)。下面将结合附图较详细说明上述的压模的结构。
首先参看图1(a),压制板坯时在第一半模9与第二半模10之间留下的间距或者说间隙将决定所制成板件的厚度。(压模组件总的以标号40表示)。例如,在由压模组件40制成的板件中的一个点的板厚将由图1(a)所示的板坯固结时压模40合闭后的点A与点B之间的间距或者说间隙决定。正如下面要详述的那样,由压模40压制的板件最好在该制件的至少两个部位具有不同的厚度和密度。
图1(b)和图4举例示出由图1(a)的压模40压制的本发明的制件8。该制件8(见图1(b)),具有(a)多个沿纵向延伸的大致平直的外区11和(b)多个沿纵向延伸并位于上述外区11之间且与各外区相邻接的内区或者说斜面区12。上述外区11位于上面(例如图1(b)的区域11a、11b、11c)或位于下面(例如区域11d、11e、11f),并与斜面区12相邻接。相邻的两个外区(例如11a区、11d区)彼此沿侧向隔开预定的距离且垂直隔开预定的距离。位于斜面区12上面的外区11a、11b、11c(图1(b)所示)的宽度与位于斜面区12下面的外区11d、11e、11f的宽度即可以相等也可以不相等。虽然图1(b)所示的外区11大致是平直的(平面的),但是,在某些情况下,外区11也可具有某种轮廓。例如可在制件的外区11上做出精细的织纹或其它轮廓以增大表面摩擦力。因此,这里用“平直”这个词是指大致平的部分。外区11也可做成制件8的弯曲部分的峰。例如,制件的横截面可制成具有正弦曲线的形状。
斜面12可与外区11形成各种角度,这种取模斜度可在大约0°~90°之间变化,最好约为30°~90°。
本发明的压模组件40由于压模间隙的不同可有利地制造出各部分之间的密度和厚度互不相同的制件8。一般说来,制件外区11的厚度小于(薄于)斜面区12的厚度,(外区11a、11b、11c的厚度可以不同于外区11d、11e、11f的厚度)。上述的有所差别的厚度将对板件8的制造和使用带来显著的预料之外的好处。
板件8的厚度(即图1(a)所示A点与B点之间的距离)通常可在大约0.085~0.5英寸(2.16~12.7mm)之间变动。斜面区12的厚度最好不同于(例如大于)外区11的厚度。实际上,外区11的厚度与斜面区11的厚度之比小于1.0,最好是小于0.9。例如,斜面区12的厚度大约为0.115~0.140英寸(2.92~3.56mm),最好约为0.125~0.130英寸(3.18~3.30mm),外区11的厚度大约为0.09~0.115英寸(2.29~2.93mm),最好约为0.10~0.115英寸(2.54~2.92mm)。
本发明的模压的带肋制件的总的比重为0.6~1.10。根据制件的最终用途不同,模压的带肋的硬质纤维板制件的总的比重优选为大约0.80或更大些,最好约为0.80~1.10,从而制造出高密度的木质材料制件。本发明的碎片板模压的带肋制件的总的比重优选为大约0.50或更大些,更好是约为0.60~0.90。本发明可以制成密度至少约为45磅/英寸3例如密谋约为45~60磅/英寸3(0.73~0.96g/cm3)的纤维板。
按照本发明,在所制的纤维板件中,外区11的比重约为0.90~1.10,优选约为0.95~1.05,最好约为0.98~1.02,斜面区12的比重约为0.80~0.90,优选约为0.82~0.87,最好约为0.82~0.86。
本发明制件的型面厚度(按制件的最大高度例如外区11a的顶表面与外区11d的底面之间的距离测量)可在大约0.25英寸至1.5英寸(6.35~38.1mm)范围内变化,最好约为0.350~0.750英寸(8.89~19.05mm)。
制成件8的拔模深度对于某些用途来说也是一个重要参数。上述拔模深度(即外区之间的距离)是按斜面区12位于相邻外区(例如外区11a和11d)之间的垂直距离测定的。虽然整个带肋制件8的拔模深度可能都是均匀的,但是,这不一定是必需的情况。因此,各外区11不一定都位于同一平面上。上述的拔模深度范围可以是约0.125~1.0英寸(约3.1~25.4mm)。
按照本发明的另一个实施例(参看图2(a)和3(a)),板件15也可在带肋板件外区11之上表面14上做出凸起的较低密度区或者说圆形凸台13,这些低密度的圆形凸台13最好是具有凹入图案的衬垫,它们从大致平的外区11的上表面14向上凸出约0.30~0.90英寸(0.76~2.3mm),例如大约0.060英寸(1.5mm),其直径约为0.093~0.312英寸(2.3~7.9mm),最好约为0.093~0.125英寸(2.3~3.2mm)。上述的圆形凸台13为放置在带肋的高密度纤维板或碎片板上的物件提供整体的软垫,其典型的用途是在瓦楞盒式容器中将这类制件用作落入板或滑板。
图2(b)示出制造制件15的具有第一半模20和第二半模21的压模41。上述的第一半模20和第二半模21都具有可制成外区11和斜面12的形状的内腔22。图3(b)示出具有内腔22的第一半压模20的上视图。如上所述,先用木质纤维材料制成板坯,并置于第一半压模20与第二半压模21之间。在固结阶段,上述压模结构便可使上述的内腔22在带肋的高密度纤维板的外区11上形成低密度的圆形凸台13,如图2(b)和3(b)所示。
压模及其制作的几何形状不局限于图1~4所示的单一带肋的结构。压模还可具有厚度和斜角可变的单方向和多方向的样式重复的肋条。例如,压模40的结构可做成能制造出人字纹形或华芙饼干形的带肋板件(分别见图7和5),或者做成能制造带有多方向肋条的板件(见图6)。与图1~4相同的零件在图5~7以相同的标号表示。其他的替代方案有由带肋的板或板条一起叠合的层压多层板。
本发明的带肋板件在单一板件中具有独特的综合性能方面得到意外的效果,所述的综合性能包括缓冲特性与结构性能的组合。本发明板件的缓冲特性使板件具有更大的吸收高冲击能量的能力。控制模压木质复合材料制件的几何形状可产生三种不同类型的缓冲特性:第一,如上所述,按照本发明的一个实施例,在带肋制件外区11的外表面上设置低密度区13;其次,由于肋条形状本身偏斜产生的压缩也可提供额外的缓冲;最后,通过带肋制件中高密度外区11与低密度斜面区12之间的上述密度差造成的制件斜面区12的局部压缩也可提供缓冲特性。上述的缓冲特性对于易碎物品来说是特别需要的。可以在带肋板件的表面上涂敷特制的涂层以产生附加的性能例如防火性能。
按照本发明制成的具体的型面几何形状可以控制带肋板件外区11和斜面区12的具体部位的密度。这不仅使制成件具有最大的刚性,而且也可在压制过程中保持木质复合材料板的完整性。本发明的板坯可在压制过程中向平面外张拉30%或更大些而不会在外区11发生断裂,而用普通的带肋条的压模(具有均匀厚度的)时,其板坯通常在张拉15%~16%时便发生断裂。
在按本发明方法压制的过程中影响板坯张拉量的因素包括:肋条或波纹的尺寸、压制后制成品中外区和斜面区的密度变化、复合材料例如有方向性的线绳板(OSB)在压制封合前的松密度和取向、纤维和薄片的几何因素(包括物理尺寸、长度、宽度和原材料的厚度),上述因素对于木质复合材料在压制封合过程中发生分路、断裂或破坏复合材料板坯的连续性之前在板坯基体内的位移或者说滑移能力有影响。按照本发明所用的方法以及所用的独特的压模结构有助于控制上述影响板坯张拉量的因素,从而使板坯可张拉至30%而不会在外区11处发生断裂。
表1示出按本发明方法制成的带肋的高密度纤维板的压缩性能。在压缩试验中测出最大载荷、在最大载荷下的最大应力和位移量、和在最大载荷下的应变量%。上述的值取决于下列各因素:肋的宽度、拔模深度、转角半径、角度的大小、单位宽度上的肋条数目以及肋条是否受到从试件外周到中心的约束。从表1可看到,当肋条宽度为1.179英寸(约3cm)时可施加的最大载荷为3301磅、而最大应力为188.5磅/英寸2。板件在最大载荷下的位移量为0.087英寸(2.2mm),而在最大载荷下产生的应变量为24.2%。
表1
肋的宽度(英寸) | 每个试样的肋数 | 约束 | 肋的承载面积(英寸2) | 试样实际的承载面积(英寸2) | 最大载荷(磅) | 最大载荷下的应力磅/英寸2 | 肋的高度(英寸) | 最大载荷下的位移量(英寸) | 最大载荷下的应变量(%) |
1.179 | 1 | 有 | 3.588878 | 4.16 | 297.6 | 71.5 | 0.36 | 0.173 | 48.1 |
1.179 | 1 | 有 | 3.578265 | 3.89 | 311.6 | 80 | 0.36 | 0.158 | 43.9 |
1.179 | 1 | 有 | 3.585339 | 4.14 | 286.1 | 89.1 | 0.36 | 0.165 | 45.8 |
1.179 | 3 | 否 | 10.702962 | 10.65 | 858.2 | 80.5 | 0.36 | 0.052 | 14.4 |
1.179 | 3 | 否 | 10.593315 | 10.68 | 691.9 | 83.5 | 0.36 | 0.056 | 15.6 |
1.179 | 3 | 否 | 10.699425 | 10.74 | 685.6 | 63.9 | 0.36 | 0.046 | 12.8 |
1.179 | 3 | 有 | 8.93 | 9.13 | 1284 | 138.4 | 0.36 | 0.088 | 24.4 |
1.179 | 3 | 有 | 10.72 | 10.92 | 1610 | 147.5 | 0.36 | 0.103 | 28.6 |
1.179 | 3 | 有 | 9.08 | 9.32 | 1393 | 149.4 | 0.36 | 0.095 | 26.4 |
1.179 | 3 | 有 | 10.76 | 18.25 | 2152 | 117.9 | 0.36 | 0.082 | 22.8 |
1.179 | 3 | 有 | 10.65 | 17.66 | 1934 | 109.5 | 0.36 | 0.085 | 23.6 |
1.179 | 3 | 有 | 10.98 | 17.35 | 2149 | 123.9 | 0.36 | 0.076 | 21.1 |
1.179 | 5 | 否 | 17.950275 | 17.94 | 1318 | 73.5 | 0.36 | 0.048 | 13.3 |
1.179 | 5 | 否 | 17.93259 | 18.16 | 1894 | 104.3 | 0.36 | 0.05 | 13.9 |
1.179 | 5 | 否 | 17.808795 | 18.03 | 1753 | 97.2 | 0.36 | 0.059 | 16.4 |
1.179 | 5 | 有 | 17.43 | 17.71 | 2873 | 162.3 | 0.36 | 0.089 | 24.7 |
1.179 | 5 | 有 | 17.31 | 17.51 | 3301 | 188.5 | 0.36 | 0.087 | 24.2 |
1.197 | 3 | 有 | 10.59 | 11.34 | 1362 | 120.1 | 0.375 | 0.084 | 22.4 |
1.197 | 3 | 有 | 10.81 | 11.97 | 1204 | 100.6 | 0.375 | 0.082 | 21.9 |
1.197 | 3 | 有 | 10.69 | 11.36 | 1327 | 116.9 | 0.375 | 0.099 | 26.4 |
1.197 | 3 | 有 | 10.83 | 11.62 | 1513 | 130.2 | 0.375 | 0.066 | 22.9 |
1.197 | 3 | 有 | 10.83 | 11.52 | 1549 | 134.5 | 0.375 | 0.089 | 23.7 |
1.375 | 3 | 有 | 12.16 | 12.84 | 1536 | 119.6 | 0.391 | 0.099 | 25.3 |
1.375 | 3 | 有 | 12.21 | 12.51 | 1154 | 92.2 | 0.391 | 0.09 | 23 |
1.375 | 3 | 有 | 12.19 | 12.53 | 1596 | 127.3 | 0.391 | 0.087 | 22.3 |
1.375 | 3 | 有 | 12.27 | 12.54 | 1379 | 110 | 0.391 | 0.102 | 26.1 |
1.375 | 3 | 有 | 12.37 | 12.62 | 1129 | 89.4 | 0.391 | 0.096 | 24.6 |
1.25 | 3 | 有 | 11.01 | 11.76 | 1439 | 122.4 | 0.391 | 0.121 | 30.9 |
1.25 | 3 | 有 | 11.25 | 11.98 | 1312 | 109.6 | 0.391 | 0.089 | 22.8 |
1.25 | 3 | 有 | 11.31 | 11.91 | 1335 | 112.1 | 0.391 | 0.098 | 25.1 |
1.25 | 3 | 有 | 11.10 | 11.77 | 1084 | 92.1 | 0.391 | 0.092 | 23.5 |
1.25 | 3 | 有 | 11.18 | 11.79 | 1232 | 104.5 | 0.391 | 0.096 | 24.6 |
表2示出本发明的带肋板件的刚度性能。对本发明的测量宽度为6英寸、跨度为10英寸的全部6个试样进行了试验从测定各种强度指标,其结果列于表2。
表2
肋的宽度(英寸) | 肋的高度(英寸) | 挠曲强度磅/英寸2 | 弹性模量×1000磅/英寸2 | 跨度(英寸) | 刚度(磅-英寸2) | 断裂载荷(磅) | 单位试样宽度的刚度(磅-英寸) | 试样宽度(英寸) | 每个试样的肋数 |
1.179 | 0.36 | 1667 | 161 | 10 | 3754 | 86.4 | 626 | 6 | 5 |
1.179 | 0.36 | 1929 | 190 | 10 | 4411 | 100 | 735 | 6 | 5 |
1.179 | 0.36 | 2226 | 201 | 10 | 4658 | 115.4 | 776 | 6 | 5 |
1.25 | 0.391 | 1800 | 171 | 10 | 5041 | 110.1 | 840 | 6 | 5 |
1.25 | 0.391 | 1810 | 175 | 10 | 5137 | 110.7 | 856 | 6 | 5 |
1.25 | 0.391 | 1802 | 180 | 10 | 5282 | 110.2 | 880 | 6 | 5 |
表3示出按本发明方法制的具有不同肋宽的板件的平均刚度与1/4英寸(6.35mm)厚的高密度纤维板的平均刚度之比较。
表3
种类 | 单位试样宽度的平均刚度(磅-英寸) |
1/4英寸的高密度纤维板 | 593.583 |
肋的宽度为1.179英寸 | 712.333 |
肋的宽度为1.25英寸 | 858.667 |
本发明的带肋板件除了强度和刚性有所提高外,其上、下表面14(外区11的外表面)还可形成带有一致纹理或平滑度的均匀一致的平面,这不同于通常会有结疤、裂缝和/或由于流行的“绿色”高水分木材的应用而产生的裂纹的天然木板。由于具有上述的均匀一致的平面,故使任何放置在例如带肋的高密度纤维板或碎片板上的物品的重量可以均等地分布。因此,本发明的带肋的高密度制件不大可能由于局部压力集中而发生破裂和损坏。相反地,如果载荷加到非均匀一致的表面例如木板上时,加压部位会产生附加的应力而可能使货架部件以及装在货架上的物品发生破裂。
可以对表面11、14或16进行平整以提高这些表面的硬度或胶合性。另外,可将多个模压的带肋板件层压在一起或与另一种板件层压在一起,以获得例如在装货架和运货用途上所需的刚性和压缩性能均较高的轻型部件。
按本发明方法制成的单一制件可将各种对包装构件有用的工程性能综合为一体,这些性能包括压缩强度、刚度、冲击挠度、可变的缓冲特性、比瓦楞纸板货架件更好的防水性以及表面摩擦性(如果钢压模内表面具有纹理的话)。上述综合的性能对于纤维板和碎片板来说是独特的,因为,在所述的用树脂很少的方法中,在将配料压制成形时它不会流动,因此可在单一整体制件中形成各处不同的密度,从而获得可控的物理性能如:刚性和压缩特性。上述的密度变化也可提高本方法固有的密度高于受肋条型面厚度变化限定的正常密度区的部位上通汽性。这一特征不同于那些使用较多的树脂和木屑粒而使到整个制件具有均匀密度的其他木质复合材料货架件。
通过控制压模的几何形状,达到压缩强度、缓冲性能与挠曲刚性之间的平衡。按本发明方法制成的纤维板或碎片板是制造装货构件例如运货和贮存货架用的铺面板或板条的良好材料。图8和9分别示出用本发明的硬质纤维板/碎片板制成的货架50和51。从上述带肋的高密度纤维板/碎片板切割下来的铺面板44(图8)和板条45(图9)采用公知的方法例如U形钉、钉子、粘结剂固紧在支承滑道46上。该支承滑道46可用木质复合材料或低级的没有窑干的杨木或橡木制成。另外,可用纸板、平的硬质纤维板(例如Masonite公司生产的商用轻型层压板)或其他平的薄板叠置在货架板上(未示出)以提高位于带肋板件一侧或两侧上的部件的刚性。
按本发明制成的制件例如包装件或货架件具有许多改进的特性。第一,本发明可控制货架件的表面密度。有利地利用了尺寸上比含水量较高的“绿色”木材更稳定并具有比所有木材平面性更好的板件,这就为钉子和U形钉的穿入提供了均匀一致的介质从而提高其耐久性。第二,本发明的制件具有比瓦楞纸板高得多的压缩强度和刚度。第三,本发明提供的制件可具有足够的表面摩擦性能故可防止放置在它上面的物品滑动。第四,本发明的货架件还具有吸收活动的负荷冲击振动能量的缓冲性能。第五,本发明制件的结构还可防止用来移动货架的叉形杆或其他机械造成的损坏,这种结构也可以通过使损坏限制在局部边缘上只损失一条或两条肋而避免整块铺面板失效。第六,按本发明制成的铺面板本身是可运送的制件,因此在室内作业时可用作物品的滑板或者说运载工具,也可用作入库的物品的分隔板。第七,本发明的制作从环境保护上来说是有利的,因为它们可以磨碎,容易处理或回用,而不像塑料和泡沫塑料那样通常要挖坑掩埋。第八,本发明的板件比所有木材制件都要轻,故可在较小的空间叠置或者说套叠起来,且容易装配,故在现场总是有大量的应用。最后,本发明的带肋的成形肋条结构所固有的特性可使钉子和/或紧固件置于肋条平面下的凹处。
Claims (29)
1.用一种含有木质材料或农作物纤维或人造纤维材料并加入粘结剂的板坯制造带肋板件(8)的方法,在该方法中,将上述材料的板坯置于压模内并在加热加压的条件下压缩和固化而成形,其特征在于,上述的压模(40)具有一种带肋的至少带有两个外区(11)和两个斜面区(12)的结构,而且,上述的压模(40)合闭时形成一个压模间隙,其中,在上述的至少两个外区(11)处的上述压模间隙小于上述的至少两个斜面区(12)处的上述压模间隙。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在上述的压缩固结过程中,在上述的至少两个外区(11)处的上述压模间隙约为0.090~0.115英寸(2.29~2.93mm)。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在上述的压缩固结过程中,在上述的至少两个外区(11)处的上述压模间隙约为0.1~0.115英寸(2.54~2.92mm)。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在上述的压缩固结过程中,在上述的至少两个斜面区(12)处的上述压模间隙约为0.115~0.140英寸(2.92~3.56mm)。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在上述的压缩固结过程中,在上述的至少两个斜面区(12)处的上述压模间的间隙约为0.125~0.130英寸(3.18~3.30mm)。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述板件具有约为30~90°的取模斜度。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述的板坯材料是木纤维,上述的压缩固结工步是将上述的板坯固结成总比重约为0.80~1.10的板件。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述的板坯材料是碎木片,上述的压缩固结工步是将上述板坯固结成总比重约为0.60~0.90的板件。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述的压缩固结工步是将上述板坯固结成为在上述的外区(11)处的比重约为0.90~1.10的板件。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述的压缩固结工步是将上述板坯固结成为在上述的斜面区(12)处的比重约为0.80~0.90的板件。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述的带肋板件的拔模深度约为0.125~1.0英寸(3.1~25.4mm)。
12.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述的各外区(11)的外表面处于同一平面上。
13.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,上述的方法还包含将上述板坯固结成具有从上述外区的上表面突起的低密度区(13)的板件。
14.一种含有木质材料或农作物纤维或人造纤维材料并含有粘结剂的带肋板件(8),其特征在于上述带肋板件具有:
至少两个沿纵向延伸且具有第一厚度的外区(11);
至少一个沿纵向延伸并具有第二厚度的斜面区(12),其特征在于,上述的斜面区位于上述的外区之间并与上述外区相邻接;
其特征在于上述的第一厚度与上述的第二厚度之比小于1.0。
15.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的第一厚度与上述的第二厚度之比值小于0.9左右。
16.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的第一厚度约为0.090~0.115英寸(2.29~2.93mm)。
17.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的第一厚度约为0.1~0.115英寸(2.54~2.92mm)。
18.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的第二厚度约为0.115~0.140英寸(2.29~3.56mm)。
19.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的第二厚度约为0.125~0.130英寸(3.18~3.30mm)。
20.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的外区(11)与上述的斜面区(12)构成约为30~90°的取模斜度。
21.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的板件含有木纤维,其总的比重约为0.80~1.1。
22.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的板件含有木碎片,其总的比重约为0.60~0.80。
23.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述的板件在其外区(11)处的比重约为0.90~1.10。
24.根据权利要求14的带肋的板件,其特征在于,上述板件在其斜面区(12)的比重约为0.80~0.90。
25.根据权利要求14的带肋板件,其特征在于,上述板件的拔模深度约为0.125~1.0英寸(3.1~25.4mm)。
26.根据权利要求14的带肋板件,其特征在于,上述的外区(11)的外表面处于同一平面上。
27.根据权利要求14的带肋板件,其特征在于,上述的板件具有从外区(11)的外表面突起的低密度区(13)。
28.根据权利要求27的带肋板件,其特征在于,上述的外区(11)上的低密度区(13)从上述外区(11)向上突起,其直径约为0.093~0.312英寸(2.3~7.9mm)。
29.采用了权利要求14所述的带肋板件的货架(50)。
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- 1999-11-12 BR BR9915296-7A patent/BR9915296A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-12 AU AU15230/00A patent/AU753554B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-12 NZ NZ511714A patent/NZ511714A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-12 DE DE69902803T patent/DE69902803T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-12 ES ES99957546T patent/ES2183624T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-12 AT AT99957546T patent/ATE223283T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-12 WO PCT/US1999/026633 patent/WO2000027602A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-11-12 US US09/439,136 patent/US6364982B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-12 EP EP99957546A patent/EP1128940B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-12 CN CN99815410A patent/CN1095736C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-12 JP JP2000580811A patent/JP2002529270A/ja active Pending
- 1999-11-12 CA CA002350526A patent/CA2350526C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-12 KR KR1020017006000A patent/KR100685502B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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2001
- 2001-12-12 HK HK01108726A patent/HK1037573A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104029890A (zh) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-10 | 辽宁辽杰科技有限公司 | 一种高强度复合材料托盘及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20010092735A (ko) | 2001-10-26 |
AU753554B2 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
AU1523000A (en) | 2000-05-29 |
CN1332668A (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
JP2002529270A (ja) | 2002-09-10 |
ATE223283T1 (de) | 2002-09-15 |
EP1128940B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
DE69902803T2 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
NZ511714A (en) | 2002-08-28 |
BR9915296A (pt) | 2001-08-07 |
CA2350526C (en) | 2007-09-11 |
HK1037573A1 (en) | 2002-02-15 |
ES2183624T3 (es) | 2003-03-16 |
US6364982B1 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
KR100685502B1 (ko) | 2007-02-27 |
CA2350526A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
WO2000027602A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
DE69902803D1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
EP1128940A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
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