CN109566369A - Artificial sponge's soil, preparation method and its application in terms of press strip in the sky - Google Patents

Artificial sponge's soil, preparation method and its application in terms of press strip in the sky Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109566369A
CN109566369A CN201710879072.1A CN201710879072A CN109566369A CN 109566369 A CN109566369 A CN 109566369A CN 201710879072 A CN201710879072 A CN 201710879072A CN 109566369 A CN109566369 A CN 109566369A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
soil
artificial
artificial sponge
preparation
press strip
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Pending
Application number
CN201710879072.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蔡兴礼
马述海
周芳
孙强
周学文
王玉娟
卫建禧
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Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710879072.1A priority Critical patent/CN109566369A/en
Publication of CN109566369A publication Critical patent/CN109566369A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, more particularly to a kind of artificial sponge's soil, preparation method and its application in terms of press strip in the sky, the soil specifically includes following each component: in every 1000g finished product, 10 ~ 50g of inorganic mineral fertilizer, 100 ~ 300g of coagulator, 1 ~ 10g of adhesive glue, 50 ~ 200g of leavening agent, surplus are excipient.This artificial mellow earth earth preparation and application is simple, more time saving and energy saving;Soil matrix is pure, resistance of rainwater washing against, environmentally friendly;Simple process is feasible, is conducive to large-scale promotion, provides a kind of new air layering technology for market;This artificial mellow earth earth can also make plant cultivation on metope, aerial and other attachments, can make full use of space, economize the land resource;If artificial sponge's soil of preparation fails disposable complete, remaining part can store for a long time after the cooling period, and when recycling is again heated to 40 ~ 50 DEG C, use after thawing, can save great amount of cost.

Description

Artificial sponge's soil, preparation method and its application in terms of press strip in the sky
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to a kind of artificial sponge's soil, preparation method and its press in the sky Application in terms of item.
Background technique
Mound layering is one kind of plant vegetative propagation, is to breed nascent plant using the power of regeneration of plant organ One technology, and air layering technology is agriculturally being in daily use, traditional air layering be after scraping bark on target branch, The one end at rossing position is tightened with polybag, the inside is packed into the suitable soil of humidity, then other end is tightened, etc. under growth roots. Whole process is cumbersome, time-consuming, needs to be difficult to degrade after more manpower, inefficiency, and polybag are discarded, causes dirt to environment Dye.
With the development of science and technology with the continuous reduction of land resource, limited land resource seems especially golden expensive, especially The fertile good farmland in soil, is constantly lost every year, and instantly many soils due to mankind's activity influence and by dirt Dye, causes agricultural product harmful substance exceeded.In face of such situation, how to meet market comsupton demand using limited soil, And non-harmful healthy agricultural product are cultivated, it is industry one of subject under discussion important at present.
In many areas, limited land resource is played maximum efficiency, soil money by kind, interplanting isotype between people pass through Source is efficiently utilized, and imbalance between supply and demand problem is being improved to a certain degree, but in addition to this, if by technique improvement, hair Space resources can be used plantation crops by a kind of bright technology, improve unit area land utilization ratio, will be a solution The certainly effective way of shortage of land resource.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of artificial sea that can make full use of space and carry out arviculture Spongy soils earth, this soil is full of nutrition, easy to use, at low cost, simple process, no pollution to the environment after scrap of the product, can be extensive Applied to air layering, space plantation and the fields such as seedling culture, interior decoration.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial sponge's soil, preparation method and its answering in terms of press strip in the sky With.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of artificial sponge's soil, which is characterized in that in every 1000g finished product, 10 ~ 50g of inorganic mineral fertilizer, coagulator 100 ~ 300g, 1 ~ 10g of adhesive glue, 50 ~ 200g of leavening agent, surplus are excipient.
Preferably, in every 1000g artificial sponge soil finished product, 20 ~ 40g of inorganic mineral fertilizer, coagulator 150 ~ 250g, 3 ~ 8g of adhesive glue, 100 ~ 150g of leavening agent, surplus are excipient.
It is further preferred that in every 1000g finished product, inorganic mineral fertilizer 30g, agar 200g, peach gum 5g, sodium alginate 55g, hydroxypropylcellulose 80g, bentonite 315g, colloidal silicon dioxide 315g.
The inorganic mineral fertilizer for containing plant growth must element full price Water-soluble mineral fertilizer, it is necessary to wrap Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine element.
The coagulator is agar.
The adhesive glue is one of peach gum, xanthan gum, Arabic gum, gelatin and guar gum.
The leavening agent is sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate and hydroxypropyl fiber One of element.
The excipient is the mixture of bentonite and colloidal silicon dioxide, and bentonite and colloidal silicon dioxide ratio are classified as 1:1.
Preparation method of the invention is uniformly mixed in mixing machine, packaging after the prescription material for accurately weighing the amount ?.
Application method in terms of the batten strap technique in the sky the following steps are included:
1) it by the final product mix of the artificial mellow earth earth, is diluted, is stirred evenly with 10 ~ 20 times of water.
2) step 1 is heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C, maintains temperature 20min.
3) step 2 is placed in cooling in 40 ~ 50 DEG C of constant temperature baths, and maintains temperature, system is in aqueous colloidal at this time.
4) plants shoots of press strip will be needed to scrape next skin for enclosing long 1 ~ 3cm with knife, step 3 colloidal liquid is applied to and is scraped Skin zone position, system solidifies after 3-5 minutes, and has certain viscosity and elasticity, and sense of touch is loose, that is, forms artificial sponge's soil, a few days Visible later wherein to grow newborn root, branch, which is connected root interception directly plantation, can be obtained a nascent plant.
Other than air layering, the colloidal liquid of step 3) is pasted on metope, aerial or other attachments with certain thickness On object, after cooled and solidified, it can be used for planting breed of crop, houseplant is dressed up.If artificial sponge's soil of preparation fails Disposable complete, remaining part can store for a long time after the cooling period, and when recycling is again heated to 40 ~ 50 DEG C, after thawing It uses.
Inorganic mineral fertilizer selected by the present invention be comprising carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, Copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine element full price Water-soluble mineral fertilizer, it is ensured that the supply of plant growth full price mineral nutrition;Selected solidification Agent has temperature sensitive effect character, can become solid when temperature reduces, provide matrix for the growth of plant;Selected adhesive glue has Increase soil matrix viscosity effect, while in the sky press strip or plantation when, auxiliary sticking can be played the role of;Selected leavening agent There is Fast-swelling feature in the water of high temperature, be capable of forming the skeleton of soil matrix, vital work is played to stable matrix With, and there is certain elasticity and gas permeability can promote the growth and development of root system shaped like sponge;The excipient is bentonite It is that can be swollen after heating in water, volume is reached because bentonite is a kind of naturally occurring alumina silicate with colloidal silicon dioxide To 12 times or more of initial volume, there are certain viscosity and plasticity, any damage is not caused to the root system of plant, uses peace Entirely;Colloidal silicon dioxide inertia is very strong, has tackifying effect to system, while having certain temperature sensitive thixotropy, mixes in finished product It can prevent finished product from agglomerating in object, be conducive to the stabilization of sponge soil product.
A kind of artificial sponge's soil of the invention is not real soil, but manual manufacture be similar to real soil function Can a kind of solid matrix, this matrix has full price mineral matter nutritional abundant, is conducive to plant growth, and have certain elasticity, Viscosity and plasticity are very suitable to the application of air layering technology.Different from traditional planting of layer, traditional press strip is by plant target After the skin of branch scrapes off, it will be scraped with polybag and be wrapped up at mouth, after the inside is packed into real soil, then other end tightened, press strip one Branch averagely needs 2 ~ 3min, and can reach same press strip effect using artificial sponge's soil partial smearing of the invention, And method is simple, low in cost, the average each press strip time foreshortens within 30s, and efficiency greatly improves, and eliminates plastics The expense of bag, cost reduce, and environmentally friendly, material therefor is free from environmental pollution, are conducive to plant establishment, before having good market Scape.Other than press strip, this soil can also be planted using space, improved unit area land utilization ratio, made full use of sky Between additional income, economic benefit is obvious.
Specifically, technical solution of the present invention has the advantage that
(1) adhesiveness is good, can firmly adhere to after solidification, resistance of rainwater washing against, to unstable factors various in natural environment have compared with Strong resistance;
(2) compared with the true soil in nature, artificial sponge's soil matrix is pure, is not affected by environmental pollution, plant is without nocuousness Material absorbing residual, not only nutrition but also healthy after eating, and mineral nutrition ingredient can be directed to according to Different Crop, different stages of growth Property allotment, be conducive to plant growth;
(3) application method is easy, when use only need to dissolve by heating matrix powder after it is cooling again keep the temperature direct use, if Fail to be finished to be used repeatedly and be compared with traditional press strip method, it is more time saving and energy saving;
(4) present invention process simple possible is conducive to large-scale production, can convert popularization faster, provides for market a kind of new Air layering technology;
(5) artificial sponge's soil of the invention can make full use of sky by plant cultivation on metope, aerial and other attachments Between, unit land utilization ratio is improved, is economized the land resource;
(6) material used in artificial sponge's soil of the invention is environmentally friendly, can be certainly after discarding even if losing utility value So degradation, does not generate any harm, and renewable, good market prospect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated on by specific embodiment, in order to keep prescription very clear, below with table Form lists the formula combination of embodiment 1 ~ 10, and the total weight of each embodiment is 1000g.
A kind of artificial sponge's soil prescription of table 1 matches embodiment 1 ~ 10
The present invention is elaborated by specific embodiment come further progress:
Embodiment 11
A kind of artificial sponge's soil, in soil 1000g finished product, inorganic mineral fertilizer 30g, agar 200g, peach gum 5g, seaweed Sour sodium 55g, hydroxypropylcellulose 80g, bentonite 315g, colloidal silicon dioxide 315g.
Preparation method are as follows:
Accurately weigh inorganic mineral fertilizer 30g, agar 200g, peach gum 5g, sodium alginate 55g, hydroxypropylcellulose 80g, bentonite After 315g and colloidal silicon dioxide 315g, be uniformly mixed, pack in mixing machine to obtain the final product.
In the sky the application method in terms of press strip the following steps are included:
1) it by the final product mix of the artificial mellow earth earth, is diluted, is stirred evenly with 10 ~ 20 times of water.
2) step 1 is heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C, maintains temperature 20min.
3) step 2 is placed in cooling in 40 ~ 50 DEG C of constant temperature baths, and maintains temperature, system is in aqueous colloidal at this time.
4) plants shoots of press strip will be needed to scrape next skin for enclosing long 1 ~ 3cm with knife, step 3 colloidal liquid is applied to and is scraped Skin zone position, system solidifies after 3-5 minutes, and has certain viscosity and elasticity, and sense of touch is loose, that is, forms artificial sponge's soil, a few days Visible later wherein to grow newborn root, branch, which is connected root interception directly plantation, can be obtained a nascent plant.
Other than the application of air layering, artificial sponge's soil of the invention can be pasted on metope, sky with certain thickness In or other attachments on, for serve as plantation crops, flowers and plants cultivate matrix, it can also be used to houseplant is dressed up, and is both filled Divide and does not constitute pollution again using space;If artificial sponge's soil of preparation fails disposable complete, remaining part is cold But it can be stored for a long time after, when recycling can be again heated to 40 ~ 50 DEG C, use after thawing.
Embodiment 12
Product stability test
Artificial mellow earth earth finished product sample obtained by Example 1-10, respectively through room temperature, high temperature and humidity (40 DEG C of constant temperature, phase To humidity 75%) placement, 4 DEG C of refrigerations placements and -20 DEG C of freezings placements, it is seen through the separately sampled product of 0d, 15d, 30d, 90d and 180d Examine character, see if there is that discoloration, agglomeration, rotten etc. are unstable to be happened, the results showed that after 180d character substantially without change, With preferable stability.
Embodiment 13
Rain drop erosion experiment
Because artificial sponge's soil of the invention is compared with the true soil that traditional planting of layer uses, extraneous sky is fully exposed to after use In gas, no polybag protection, if encountering sponge soil when rainy weather is washed loss, economic loss can be very big, therefore examines Examine product have great significance to the resistance of natural environment to the popularization of the product and the quality of artificial sponge's soil protect Card.
Thickness, the relative position all difference chosen on same fig tree are 15, branch less healthy, and each branch exists It wipes the bark of a circle about 3cm length at empty fork off with beam knife, exposes xylem, all coat the system of the embodiment of the present invention 1 later Standby artificial soil, and each branch applies soil weight up a record, 15 branches are randomly divided into 5 groups, and every group 3, the 1st Group is blank group, and after smearing artificial sponge's soil, with no treatment, the 2nd ~ 5 group is experimental group, coats artificial sponge's soil simultaneously After its solidification, leaching 0.5h, 1.0h, 2.0h and 3.0h are continuously poured respectively at soil position with shower, to simulate rain making Mode washes away it, wipes soil off again with knife weigh respectively later, by washing away the comparison of front and back weight as loss With reference to.
As a result as follows:
2 artificial sponge's soil rain drop erosion simulated experiment of table
The result shows that: artificial sponge's soil of the invention is after by artificial rain drop erosion 0.5h, 1.0h, 2.0h and 3.0h, always Weight has lost 0.9g, 1.0g, 2.1g, 2.5g respectively, and every group is 3 plant, thus average each plant have lost 0.30g, 0.33g, 0.70g and 0.83g, for total weight, loss late is lost smaller within 3%, is shown of the invention artificial Sponge soil has stronger ability to resist splash erosion.
Embodiment 14
Survival rate comparative test after plant press strip
By 50 plants of the fig tree plant successfully to be taken root by artificial sponge's soil air layering and conventional aerial press strip method at Take root 50 plants of fig tree plant of function are planted respectively on identical plot, and strain spacing is identical, are during which managed collectively, and guarantee examination The external condition tested is unified, after 10d is observed continuously, counts survival rate and the growth performance of new young plant, and then compare pressure of the invention Effect.
As a result as follows:
3 artificial sponge's soil air layering of table and Traditional Method press strip comparative test
Survival rate of plant Plant strain growth performance
Artificial sponge's soil air layering 98% Situations such as well-grown, no yellow leaf, wrinkle leaf and leaf abscission, occurs
Conventional method air layering 98% Situations such as well-grown, no yellow leaf, wrinkle leaf and leaf abscission, occurs
The result shows that: in the plant that artificial sponge's soil air layering of the invention is cultivated, 50 have survived 49, survival rate 98%, and plant strain growth is good, situations such as no yellow leaf, wrinkle leaf and leaf abscission, occurs, the plant that this and the conventional aerial planting of layer are cultivated Strain result performance is identical, shows that the present invention can substitute traditional air layerage completely.
Embodiment 15
Degrading experiment
In order to grasp degradation data of the present invention under natural situation, spy chooses embodiment 1 using polybag as positive control Artificial 15 pieces of earth, every piece of 50g or so of the mellow earth of the present invention under the curdled appearance of prescription preparation, is randomly divided into 3 groups, and every group 5 pieces, It tests 1 group to be embedded at the 10cm of underground, 2 groups of test is embedded at the 20cm of underground, and 3 groups of test is embedded at the 30cm of underground, while with plastics Bag is used as positive control, is set to 1,2,3 group of control, is embedded at underground 10cm, 20cm and 30cm, does same test, often Buried object is taken out every 15d and weighs weight, until its degradable disappearance, statistics artificial sponge's soil is required when degradable complete Time, and calculate each group degradation rate (total weight * 100% before degradation rate=degradation amount/experiment).
As a result as follows:
The test of 4 artificial sponge's soil natural environment degradable of table
Group Gross weight before testing It measures (g) Gross weight after 15d It measures (g) Gross weight after 30d It measures (g) Gross weight after 45d It measures (g) Gross weight after 60d It measures (g) Weight Poor (g) Degradation Rate (%)
It is positive right According to 1 group 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 0.3 2.56%
It is positive right According to 2 groups 14.6 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.2 0.4 2.74%
It is positive right According to 3 groups 10.1 10.0 9.9 9.7 9.5 0.6 5.94%
Test 1 group 258.9 210.3 145.6 53.1 0 258.9 100.0 0%
Test 2 groups 252.7 199.5 125.3 24.5 0 252.7 100.0 0%
Test 3 groups 255.4 189.4 104,2 6.2 0 255.4 100.0 0%
As shown in Table 4:
1) 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups is tested to degrade completely after 60d, by comparison, it was found that, artificial soil buries deeper, degradation speed It spends faster;
2) it degrading slowly under 1,2 and 3 group of natural situation of positive control, degradation rate is respectively 2.56%, 2.74% and 5.94% after 60d, According at this rate, a polybag is degradable complete, needs general 2.8 ~ 6.5 years, effect on environment is very big;
3) present invention can be degradable in 60d, and degradation rate reaches 100%, and used raw material all do not generate environment and appoint What is polluted, and is good for the environment.
The result shows that: artificial sponge's soil of the invention is degraded comparatively fast in the natural environment, environmentally friendly.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of artificial sponge's soil, it is characterized in that: in every 1000g finished product, 10 ~ 50g of inorganic mineral fertilizer, coagulator 100 ~ 300g, 1 ~ 10g of adhesive glue, 50 ~ 200g of leavening agent, surplus are excipient;The coagulator is agar;The adhesive glue is One of peach gum, xanthan gum, Arabic gum, gelatin and guar gum;The leavening agent is sodium carboxymethylcellulose, seaweed One of sour sodium, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate and hydroxypropylcellulose;The excipient is bentonite and colloidal silica The mixture of silicon, bentonite and colloidal silicon dioxide ratio are classified as 1:1.
2. artificial sponge's soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in every 1000g finished product, inorganic mineral fertilizer 30g, agar 200g, peach gum 5g, sodium alginate 55g, hydroxypropylcellulose 80g, bentonite 315g, colloidal silicon dioxide 315g.
3. artificial sponge's soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inorganic mineral fertilizer is raw containing plant The full price Water-soluble mineral fertilizer of the long necessary element of institute, it is necessary to include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, Copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine element.
4. a kind of preparation method of artificial sponge's soil, it is characterized in that: preparation method is accurately to weigh amount described in claim 1 Prescription material after, in mixing machine be uniformly mixed, packaging.
5. a kind of application in terms of press strip in the sky of artificial sponge's soil, which is characterized in that in terms of the press strip in the sky Application method the following steps are included:
1) it by the final product mix of artificial sponge's soil as claimed in claim 4, is diluted, is stirred evenly with 10 ~ 20 times of water;
2) step 1 is heated to 90 ~ 95 DEG C, maintains temperature 20min;
3) step 2 is placed in cooling in 40 ~ 50 DEG C of constant temperature baths, and maintains temperature, system is in aqueous colloidal at this time;
4) plants shoots of press strip will be needed to scrape next skin for enclosing long 1 ~ 3cm with knife, step 3 colloidal liquid is applied to and scrapes skin zone Position, system solidifies after 3-5 minutes, and has certain viscosity and elasticity, and sense of touch is loose, that is, artificial sponge's soil is formed, after a few days It can be seen that wherein growing newborn root, branch, which is connected root interception directly plantation, can be obtained a nascent plant.
CN201710879072.1A 2017-09-26 2017-09-26 Artificial sponge's soil, preparation method and its application in terms of press strip in the sky Pending CN109566369A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114190257A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-18 青岛润森生态建设工程有限公司 Anti-scouring soil matrix for vegetation recovery and preparation method and application thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175355A (en) * 1974-05-29 1979-11-27 Gravi-Mechanics Co. Rooting media and methods of making the same
CN1256706A (en) * 1997-05-23 2000-06-14 享克尔-埃克拉贝两合公司 Non-drying viscous agent for treating surfaces
CN103013333A (en) * 2012-12-07 2013-04-03 陕西科技大学 Preparation method of liquid covering material for agricultural purposes
CN104869804A (en) * 2013-01-11 2015-08-26 东洋橡胶工业株式会社 Artificial soil medium

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175355A (en) * 1974-05-29 1979-11-27 Gravi-Mechanics Co. Rooting media and methods of making the same
US4175355B1 (en) * 1974-05-29 1992-04-14 Gravi Mechanics Co
CN1256706A (en) * 1997-05-23 2000-06-14 享克尔-埃克拉贝两合公司 Non-drying viscous agent for treating surfaces
CN103013333A (en) * 2012-12-07 2013-04-03 陕西科技大学 Preparation method of liquid covering material for agricultural purposes
CN104869804A (en) * 2013-01-11 2015-08-26 东洋橡胶工业株式会社 Artificial soil medium

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114190257A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-18 青岛润森生态建设工程有限公司 Anti-scouring soil matrix for vegetation recovery and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20190405