CN109563756B - 排气系统的部件和用于排气后处理的方法 - Google Patents

排气系统的部件和用于排气后处理的方法 Download PDF

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CN109563756B
CN109563756B CN201780048796.XA CN201780048796A CN109563756B CN 109563756 B CN109563756 B CN 109563756B CN 201780048796 A CN201780048796 A CN 201780048796A CN 109563756 B CN109563756 B CN 109563756B
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exhaust gas
heat exchanger
component
flow path
radial direction
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CN109563756A (zh
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P·希尔特
C·帕布斯特
C·肖恩
E·奇尼克
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08—Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃发动机的排气系统的部件，其中，该部件具有至少一个壳体，该壳体具有用于排气的入口和出口，其中，该壳体包含：环形热交换器，排气能够从该入口开始沿轴向方向以及沿第一流动路径流经该环形热交换器；以及位于该热交换器下游的环形催化剂本体，该环形催化剂本体在该热交换器内部沿径向方向安排，并且排气能够至少沿该径向方向流经该催化剂本体，使得在该催化剂本体的下游，排气沿该径向方向以及沿第二流动路径流经该热交换器。本发明还涉及一种用于内燃发动机的排气后处理的方法。

Description

排气系统的部件和用于排气后处理的方法
本发明涉及一种排气系统的部件和一种用于排气后处理的方法。排气系统尤其与内燃发动机相关联。
在现代内燃发动机中，在所有操作点都需要有效的排气处理。具体地讲，即使在低温且内燃发动机启动后不久也必须确保去除污染物。此处已知许多装置可以引起排气温度升高，例如通过热交换器，使得更快地达到催化转化污染物所需的温度。热交换器还可以用于回收能量、尤其是来自排气的热量。
然而，使用热交换器本身需要额外的空间，该额外的空间例如在机动车辆的结构上是非常难以提供的。并且，已知的热交换器有时在高效的热传递方面存在缺点。
因此，本发明的目的是至少部分地解决与现有技术相关的概述的问题，并且尤其是提供一种排气系统的部件，该部件可以加热排气或从排气中回收能量，并且尤其还可以减少或转化排气中的污染物。此外，部件将以紧凑的方式进行设计。用于排气处理的方法将允许高效的热传递和/或有效的排气处理。
所述目的通过根据独立权利要求1的特征的部件并且还通过根据权利要求11的方法实现。在从属专利权利要求中指明了本发明的进一步有利构形。应指出的是，从属专利权利要求中各自指明的特征可以以技术上有意义的方式彼此组合并且限定本发明的另外的构形。此外，通过呈现本发明进一步优选的构形，使得在专利权利要求中所指明的特征在说明书中被更精确地描绘和更详细地解释。
在此背景下，提出了一种用于内燃发动机的排气系统的部件，其中，该部件包括至少一个壳体，该壳体具有用于排气的入口和出口。在壳体中，设置有环形热交换器，离开入口的排气可以沿轴向方向以及沿第一流动路径流经该环形热交换器。在热交换器的下游，在热交换器内部沿径向方向还安排有环形催化剂本体，排气能够至少沿该径向方向流经该催化剂本体，使得在该催化剂本体的下游，排气沿该径向方向以及沿第二流动路径流经该热交换器。
具体地讲，热交换器介质(沿着相应的其他流动路径流动的排气；冷却剂，例如水、油等)流经热交换器。具体地讲，热量在热的排气与较冷的热交换器介质之间进行传递。
该部件可以被设计和配置成使得在热交换器中，热量在(沿着第一流动路径和沿着第二流动路径)排气流之间传递。在这种情况下，例如，沿第二流动路径流动的排气(该沿着第二流动路径流动的排气已经由排气与催化剂本体的催化活性成分的放热反应加热)可以使沿第一流动路径流动的排气升温。在这种情况下，热交换器尤其不具有用于接收另外的冷却介质(除了所描述的排气流之外)的附加管线。
在本说明书中，热交换器和/或催化剂本体和/或出流通道的形状被描述为“环形”，这意味着热交换器或催化剂本体或出流通道在中心是开放的并且被设计成围绕或包围中心轴线延伸。热交换器和/或催化剂本体和/或出流通道的截面不一定是圆形的，而是，圆形也可以具有闭合的多边形、椭圆形或类似形状的形式，或者由模块组成。
还提出了例如热交换器被配置成是可电加热的。具体地讲，以此方式，可以使沿第一流动路径流动的排气升温，使得在催化剂本体中第一次开始催化反应。替代性地或另外地，在催化剂本体的区域中可以安排电加热，使得至少局部地实现与沿着第二流动路径流动的排气的催化反应。
如例如从DE 101 17 086 A中已知的，在热交换器内部，催化剂本体具有沿径向方向通流的安排允许部件的空间节省结构。此外，热能(该热能是由排气的催化反应产生的)的大的传递区域因此可以在具有径向通流的催化剂本体的外周面上创建。因为流动截面在径向方向上朝向外周面加宽，所以可以使热交换器集成所引起的压力损失减到最小。
热交换器可以使进入催化剂本体中的排气的温度升高，使得一旦达到“起燃”温度(在该温度，与排气的成分发生催化和放热反应)，排气系统就可以在较低的排气温度下运行。因此，可以减少或者甚至省略例如机动化措施、电加热等用于使排气温度升高的措施。
具体地讲，环形出流通道沿该径向方向在外侧围绕该热交换器，使得排气进入该第二流动路径下游的出流通道并且经由该出口离开壳体。
具体地讲，该壳体沿该轴向方向在该入口与该出口之间延伸，该入口被安排在壳体的第一端面上，该出口被安排在壳体的第二端面上。
根据优选的实施例，用于使排气在相反的轴向方向进行偏转的偏转区被安排在该第一流动路径的下游；其中，沿该轴向方向延伸的中央通道在该催化剂本体内部沿径向方向安排，并且离开该偏转区的排气进入所述通道并从那里进入该催化剂本体。
优选地，在该第一流动路径的上游或该偏转区中安排了用于(优选液体)反应介质的供给装置。具体地讲，供给装置被安排在壳体的上游并且在其外部，例如，在排气管线中。
具体地讲，供给装置被设置用于供应还原剂，例如尿素-水溶液或燃料。
具体地讲，该催化剂本体包括用于导引排气经过的多个流动通道，其中，这些流动通道至少沿该径向方向以及沿该轴向方向、尤其以与该轴向方向成至少60°[角度]、优选至少80°的角延伸。在一些情况下，流动通道还可以沿圆周方向延伸。具体地讲，催化剂本体内部的流动通道因此延伸，以便增加排气中的污染物与催化剂本体的催化活性成分接触的可能性。
根据进一步优选的实施例，沿着该第一流动路径，该热交换器的与排气相触的表面具有结构化表面，因此该结构化表面比平坦表面大。结构化表面尤其可以由粗糙度比该部件的其他区域大的表面、和/或波形表面形成。与平坦的/平面的/光滑的表面相比，该结构具有增大表面面积的特性。
具体地讲，沿着该第二流动路径，该热交换器的与排气相接触的表面具有结构化表面，因此该结构化表面比平坦表面大。与第一流动路径相关的陈述此处相应地适用。
具体地讲，热交换介质(尤其是不包括排气的另外的热交换器介质)仅沿轴向方向流经热交换器。
根据优选的实施例，该催化剂本体下游的以下部件中的至少一个部件具有催化涂层：
-该热交换器的沿着该第二流动路径的表面；
-环形出流通道，该环形出流通道沿该径向方向在外侧围绕该热交换器，使得排气进入该第二流动路径下游的出流通道并且经由出口离开该壳体。
此外，提出了一种用于内燃发动机的排气后处理的方法，其中，尤其是在现在提出的部件中，根据以下步骤处理排气：
a.排气进入排气系统的部件的壳体的入口；
b.引导排气在轴向方向以及沿第一流动路径经过环形热交换器；
c.使排气偏转进入中央通道，该中央通道在该热交换器内部沿径向方向安排并且沿轴向方向延伸；
d.使来自该中央通道的排气沿该径向方向偏转；
e.至少在径向方向上，排气以通流的方式进入环形催化剂本体，使得在催化剂本体的下游，排气在该径向方向并且沿第二流动路径流经该热交换器。
具体地讲，环形出流通道沿该径向方向在外侧包围该热交换器，其中，在步骤f，排气进入该第二流动路径下游的出流通道并且沿该轴向方向朝向该部件的壳体的出口被引导。
关于该部件的陈述也适用于该方法，并且反之亦然。
此外，提出了一种机动车辆，该机动车辆至少包括内燃发动机和排气系统，该排气系统具有根据本发明的部件、或者具有按照根据本发明的方法处理排气的部件。
以下将基于附图对本发明和技术领域进行更详细地说明。应当指出的是，附图示出了本发明的特别优选的实施例变体，然而本发明不限于这些优选的实施例变体。在此，附图中的相同部件是由相同的附图标记来指示。在附图中，在各自情况下示意性地：
图1：以截面侧视图示出了具有内燃发动机和排气系统的机动车辆、以及部件的第一实施例变体；并且
图2：示出了部件的第二实施例变体的截面侧视图。
图1以截面侧视图示出了具有内燃发动机3和排气系统2的机动车辆25、以及部件1的第一实施例变体。排气7从内燃发动机3经由入口5流动进入部件1的壳体4中。部件1包括壳体4，该壳体具有用于排气7的入口5和出口6。壳体4包含：环形热交换器10，排气7可以从入口5开始在轴向方向8以及沿第一流动路径9流经该环形热交换器；以及位于热交换器10下游的环形催化剂本体12，该环形催化剂本体在热交换器10内部沿径向方向11安排，并且排气7可以至少沿径向方向11流经该催化剂本体。排气7在径向方向11以及沿第二流动路径13流经催化剂本体12下游的热交换器10。
热交换器10可以使进入催化剂本体12的排气7的温度升高，使得一旦达到“起燃”温度(在该温度，与排气7的成分发生催化和放热反应)，排气系统2就可以在较低的排气温度下运行。因此，可以省略例如机动化措施、电加热等用于使排气7的温度升高的措施。
环形出流通道14沿径向方向11在外侧围绕热交换器10，使得排气7进入第二流动路径13下游的出流通道14并且经由出口6离开壳体4。
壳体4沿轴向方向8在入口5与出口6之间延伸，该入口被安排在壳体4的第一端面15上，该出口被安排在壳体4的第二端面16上。
用于使排气7在相反的轴向方向8进行偏转的偏转区17被安排在第一流动路径9的下游；其中，沿轴向方向8延伸的中央通道18在催化剂本体12内部沿径向方向11安排，并且离开偏转区17的排气7进入所述通道并从那里进入催化剂本体12。
催化剂本体12具有用于导引排气7经过的多个流动通道20，其中，流动通道20沿径向方向11延伸。
热交换器10的沿第一流动路径9与排气7相接触的表面21具有结构化表面，因此该结构化表面比平坦表面大。
此处，催化剂本体12具有用于对排气7中所包含的污染物进行转化的催化活性涂层23。
在图1和图2中，箭头描绘了排气7的通流方向。此处，排气按以下步骤进行处理。在步骤a，排气7进入排气系统2的部件1的壳体4的入口5。在步骤b，排气7在轴向方向8以及沿第一流动路径9被引导经过环形热交换器10。在步骤c，排气7被偏转进入中央通道18，该中央通道在热交换器10内部沿径向方向11安排并且沿轴向方向8延伸。在步骤d，使来自中央通道18的排气7沿径向方向11偏转。在步骤e，至少在径向方向11上，排气7以通流的方式进入环形催化剂本体12，使得在催化剂本体12的下游，排气7在径向方向11以及沿第二流动路径13流经热交换器10。
环形出流通道14沿径向方向11在外侧围绕热交换器10，其中，在步骤f，排气7进入第二流动路径13下游的出流通道14并且沿轴向方向8朝向部件1的壳体4的出口6被引导。
图2示出了部件1的第二实施例变体的截面侧视图。与图1相比，部件1在偏转区17中具有用于反应介质的供给装置19。此外，催化剂本体12的流动通道20在径向方向11和在轴向方向8延伸。流动通道相对于轴向方向8倾斜了角24。参考与图1相关的陈述。

Claims (13)

1.一种内燃发动机（3）的排气系统（2）的部件（1），其中，该部件（1）具有至少一个壳体（4），该至少一个壳体具有用于排气（7）的入口（5）和出口（6），其中，该壳体（4）包含：环形热交换器（10），排气（7）能够从该入口（5）开始沿轴向方向（8）以及沿第一流动路径（9）流经该环形热交换器；以及位于该热交换器（10）下游的环形催化剂本体（12），该环形催化剂本体在该热交换器（10）内部沿径向方向（11）安排，并且排气（7）能够至少沿该径向方向（11）流经该催化剂本体，使得在该催化剂本体（12）的下游，排气（7）在该径向方向（11）以及沿第二流动路径（13）流经该热交换器（10），其中，用于使排气（7）在相反的轴向方向（8）进行偏转的偏转区（17）被安排在该第一流动路径（9）的下游，所述偏转区（17）是闭合的。
2.如权利要求1所述的部件（1），其中，环形出流通道（14）沿该径向方向（11）在外侧围绕该热交换器（10），使得排气（7）进入该第二流动路径（13）下游的该出流通道（14）并且经由该出口（6）离开该壳体（4）。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，该壳体（4）沿该轴向方向（8）在该入口（5）与该出口（6）之间延伸，该入口被安排在该壳体（4）的第一端面（15）上，该出口被安排在该壳体（4）的第二端面（16）上。
4.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，沿该轴向方向（8）延伸的中央通道（18）在该催化剂本体（12）内部沿该径向方向（11）安排，并且离开该偏转区（17）的排气（7）进入所述中央通道并从那里进入该催化剂本体（12）。
5.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，在该第一流动路径（9）的上游或在该偏转区（17）中安排了用于反应介质的供给装置（19）。
6.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，该催化剂本体（12）包括用于导引排气（7）经过的多个流动通道（20），其中，这些流动通道（20）至少在该径向方向（11）以及在该轴向方向（8）延伸。
7.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，沿着该第一流动路径（9），该热交换器（10）的与排气（7）相接触的表面（21）具有结构化表面（21），因此该结构化表面比平坦表面大。
8.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，沿着该第二流动路径（13），该热交换器（10）的与排气（7）相接触的表面（21）具有结构化表面（21），因此该结构化表面比平坦表面大。
9.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，热交换介质（22）仅沿该轴向方向（8）流经该热交换器（10）。
10.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的部件（1），其中，在该催化剂本体（12）下游的以下部件中的至少一个部件具有催化涂层（23）：
- 该热交换器（10）的沿着该第二流动路径（13）的表面（21）；
- 环形出流通道（14），该环形出流通道沿该径向方向（11）在外侧围绕该热交换器（10），使得排气（7）进入该第二流动路径（13）下游的该出流通道（14）并且经由该出口（6）离开该壳体（4）。
11.一种用于内燃发动机（3）的排气后处理的方法，其中，至少根据以下步骤处理排气（7）：
a.排气（7）进入排气系统（2）的部件（1）的壳体（4）的入口（5）；
b.在轴向方向（8）以及沿第一流动路径（9）引导排气（7）经过环形热交换器（10）；
c.使排气（7）偏转进入中央通道（18），该中央通道在该热交换器（10）内部沿径向方向（11）安排并且沿该轴向方向（8）延伸，其中，用于使排气（7）偏转进入中央通道（18）的偏转区（17）被安排在该第一流动路径（9）的下游，所述偏转区（17）是闭合的；
d.使来自该中央通道（18）的排气（7）沿径向方向（11）偏转；
e.至少在径向方向（11），排气（7）以通流的方式进入环形催化剂本体（12），使得在该催化剂本体（12）的下游，排气（7）在该径向方向（11）以及沿第二流动路径（13）流经该热交换器（10）。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，环形出流通道（14）沿该径向方向（11）在外侧包围该热交换器（10）；其中，在步骤f，排气（7）进入该第二流动路径（13）下游的该出流通道（14）并且沿该轴向方向（8）朝向该部件（1）的壳体（4）的出口（6）被引导。
13.一种机动车辆（25），至少包括内燃发动机（3）和排气系统（2），该排气系统包括如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的部件（1）、或者包括按照如权利要求11和12之一所述的方法处理排气的部件（1）。
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