CN109545055A - The height emulation a variety of surgical skills training and examination models of orthopaedics first aid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to medicine teaching aid, the four simulated skin simulated subcutaneous tissues and muscle of high artificial human body model make of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)s such as TPE；Bone hard PVC adds 10%X line contrast agent mold to form, and sets emulation cancellous bone equipped with emulation ossis, metaphysis；It can develop on X-ray film, and without metal artifacts；Side limbs are fabricated with the various fracture of fracture line/section and are equipped with simulation parteriole connection fully automatic blood cycle simulator；In the other side four limbs production simulation abarticulation for not setting fracture；First aid of limb fracture can be fixed with plintlet, after manipulative reduction of fracturing, be can be used and fixed outside plintlet etc., damaged arteries mistake has arteriolar sprayability bleeding true to nature when surgical menopause operation can be used in complicated fracture；Bone traction can also be carried out, a variety of bone surgeries such as the receipts method method of abarticulation resets, orthopaedics first aid and orthopaedics a variety of surgical skills training are carried out to medico for medical colleges and schools, hospital's orthopedics and traumatology, significantly improve teaching efficiency.

Description

The height emulation a variety of surgical skills training and examination models of orthopaedics first aid

Technical field

The present invention relates to medical education equipment technical fields, are exactly a kind of orthopaedics first aid and operative training examination Mould.

Background technique

In clinical medicine, it is medical education and medical practitioner that limbs fracture, abarticulation, which are one of most common diseases, One of key points and difficulties of examination.Existing limbs fracture teaching mode emulator is poor, only can be carried out external fixation of fracture urgency Training is rescued, joint connection uses metal material, not can be carried out x ray photograph, bone does not have ossis, the bone-free pine of the metaphysis of bone Matter, therefore simulate that effect is not true to nature, can not carry out in fracture operation the skill trainings such as fixed and abarticulation manipulative reduction and Examination, affects the culture and improvement of medical person.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide height to emulate a variety of surgical skills training and examination models of orthopaedics first aid, the simulation of the model Skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone, the emulation of joint height not only can be carried out fixed skill training outside first aid of limb fracture and examines Core, bone can be imaged in X piece, and no metal artifacts show, and have ossis, metaphysis has cancellous bone true to nature, therefore, without energy The fixed training of first aid of fracture wrapping is carried out, fracture manipulative reduction can be also carried out, Set by small splints from outside, plaster bandage is carried out after reset Outer fixation, the outer frame admittedly of fracture is fixed, Fracture internal fixaiion is performed the operation, Bone traction operation, a variety of orthopaedics such as manipulative reduction of abarticulation Surgical skills training and examination.

It is poor that invention solves existing orthopedic nurses model emulation degree, and simulation effect is not true to nature, can not fracture The bone surgeries such as surgical menopause and the manipulative reduction of abarticulation skill training, examination problem, filled up world medicine religion Educate the blank of equipment.

A kind of high a variety of bone surgery skill training examining models of emulation orthopaedics first aid, it includes: high artificial human body model Head, neck, trunk, four limbs and its high simulation skeleton, fully automatic blood recycle arteriopalmus simulator, it is characterised in that: The head (1) of the naturally big high artificial human body model of 1:1, neck (2), chest (3) abdomen (4) upper limb (5-1,5-2), lower limb (6- 1,6-2) simulated skin (7) thickness 3-4mm, it is fine with the molding of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) TPE mold or high elasticity silica rubber liner terylene Tie up the molding of scrim layer mold；The head of the model, neck, chest, abdomen set 8-10mm simulation subcutaneous tissue (8) and suitable depth And the muscle (9) of shape, it is foamed with mold PU, skeleton rigid plastics or composite material mould molding making；Upper limb (5-1,5- 2) simulated subcutaneous tissue (8) of lower limb (6-1,6-2) and muscle (9) make of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)s such as TPE；The upper arm of appendicular skeleton Bone (10-1,10-2), ulna (11-1,11-2), radius (12-1,12-2), femur (13-1,13-2), shin bone (14-1,14- 2), the bone (6-1 ', 6-2 ') of hand bone (5-1 ', 5-2 ') ankle and foot of fibula (15-1,15-2), until using hard PVC adds 10% Baryan mold to form, and is equipped with emulation ossis (SQ), metaphysis sets emulation cancellous bone (SZ)；Hand bone The bone (6-1 ', 6-2 ') of bone (5-1 ', 5-2 ') ankle and foot does not set emulation ossis (SQ)；The side four of high artificial human body model Limb bone is fabricated with the various fracture of fracture line/section (GZ), comprising: fracture of surgical neck of humerus (16) supracondylar fracture of humerus (17), ulnar fracture (18), fracture of radius (19) fracture of neck of femur (20) fracture of tibia (21), fracture of fibula (22)；Humerus bone Upper limb (5-1) upper arm of (16,17) and lower limb (6-1) the thigh position of femoral fracture are rolled over, in its subcutaneous tissue (8) and muscle (9) it is defeated that more slightly shorter than the bone of fracture, internal diameter 1-2mm outer diameter 3-4mm simulation parteriole (A-1, A-2), parteriole are additionally provided between Enter end (A-1 ') to be pierced by above shoulder simulated skin (7), simulates blood backflow end (A -1 ') from elbow front and be pierced by simulated skin (7), the simulation parteriole input terminal (A-2 ') of lower limb (6-1) thigh, be pierced by from thigh root simulated skin (7) simulation blood Reflux end (V-2 ') is pierced by analogsimulation skin (7) from lower leg and thigh；Big joint junction sets elastomeric emulation joint capsule And ligament (RD) is simulated, the olecroanon (11-1 ', 11-2 ') of upper limb (5-1,5-2) and humerus fossa olecrani (10-1 ' ' 10-2 ') Emulation joint capsule is emulated by height and simulation ligament (RD) connection is made elbow joint (23-1,23-2)；Ulna (11-1,11-2) and The articular surface of the lower end radius (12-1,12-2) is connect through TPE material with simulation ligament (RD) with carpal bone (WG) and metacarpal bone (ZG-1) It is fabricated to wrist joint (WGJ)；The humerus head (10-1 ') of upper limb humerus (10-1,10-2) passes through high emulation emulation joint capsule and mould Quasi- ligament (RD) connect to form shoulder joint with the glenoid cavity (26-1,26-2) of the shoulder blade (25-1,25-2) of high artificial human body model It saves (JGJ), by acetabular bone (29-1,29- of the femoral head (27-1,27-2) of femur (13-1,13-2) and hipbone (28-1,28-2) 2) connection forms hip joint (30-1,30-2)；, the lower end femur (13-1,13-2), the shin bone upper end (14-1,14-2) and kneecap (BG) high emulation emulation joint capsule and simulation ligament (RD) connect and compose knee joint (32-1,32-2), upper limb (5-1,5-2), Ulna (11-1,11-2) and the articular surface of the lower end radius (12-1,12-2) connect with carpal bone (WG) and metacarpal bone (ZG-1) through TPE material It connects and is fabricated to wrist joint (WGJ) with simulation ligament (RD)；Inferior articular surface, the articular facet of medial malleolus of lower limb (6-1,6-2) shin bone lower end It is connect with shanks such as the astragalus (JG) of fibula (FG) articular facet of lateral malleolus and ankle and foot through TPE, with simulation ligament (RD) connection production Ankle-joint (HGJ), lower connection foot bones (ZG-2)；In the dislocation of shoulder for the other side four limbs production simulation for not setting fracture (33), the dislocation of the elbow joint (34), the dislocation of hip joint (35)；After first aid of limb fracture can be fixed with plintlet (JB-1) plus support has (TJ) and suspender belt (DD) is fixed, and upper limb is generally fractured after manipulative reduction, and plintlet (JB-1), plaster bandage plastotype can be used (SG) or it is outer solid that exterior fixing rack (ZJ) progress can also be used in the outer strap (JB-2) of macromolecule fracture profiling, outer fixation It is fixed；To unstability or complicated fracture can be used surgical menopause special stainless steel plate (GB), screw (LD) steel nail (GD) into The surgical menopause of row fracture；Bone traction operation can be also carried out, draw hook (36) is hung over to the drilling for being towed bone accordingly (37) at, traction rope (38) are connected into fixed pulley (39), which connects the weight (40) of suitable counterweight；The full-automatic blood Liquid recycles arteriopalmus simulator, is that simulator case front panel (41) are equipped with power switch (K) and its indicator light (L), blood Flow adjustment knob (XN), fluid injection pipe connections (42), liquidometer (44), are simulated for connection and are moved at overflow pipe connections (43) The fluid injection pipe connections (46) of arteries and veins efferent duct (45) and the connector (48) for being used to connect simulation bleed back tube (47), simulation Device cabinet rear panel (49) connects 220 V power supply line (DX) of AC and its plug (CT) by insulation rubber mat (JD)；Power switch (K), hair per minute is equipped in the charactron (SM) of machine governor (TS) and its potentiometer knob (XN), controller box (51) The pulse module (mc) of 60 pulse signals and machine governor (TS) connection control micro impeller water pump (M) out, the cabinet It inside also places and is equipped with connection with storage blood vial (53) intercommunication of liquidometer (52) through conduit (DG-1, DG-2) Yu capacity 500ml, the bottle The blood vial liquid injection pipe (54) of non-return valve (f), blood vial overflow pipe (55), blood vial efferent duct (57), blood vial return pipe (58)；It is micro- The inlet tube (59) of type impeller water pump (M) is docked with the blood vial efferent duct (57) of storage blood vial (53) lower part, the pump output terminal (58) first through the simulation parteriole input terminal (A-1 '/A-2 ') on the inside of efferent duct (59) connection simulator cabinet panel (41) Connector (46) inner end, it is the flexible simulation of 5mm outer diameter 6mm which passes through 1-2 meters long, internal diameter again Arterial (60) simulates parteriole input terminal (A-1 ') or lower limb (6-1) mould by reducer union part (JT) connection upper limb (5-1) Quasi- parteriole input terminal (A-12 '), blood vial return pipe (58) is through conduit (DG) connection simulator front panel (41) inside to even The second connector (48) inner end of simulation veinlet return pipe (47-1 '/47-2 ') is connect, which passes through 1-again 2 meters long, internal diameter 4mm outer diameter 6mm simulation veinlet return pipe (61) passes through reducer union part (JT) link model upper limb (5-1) Simulation veinlet reflux end (V-1 ') or lower limb (6-1) simulation veinlet reflux end (V-2 ').

It is poor that the present invention solves existing orthopedic nurses model emulation degree, not can be carried out x ray photograph or joint connection Metal artifacts are presented with metal material, appendicular skeleton does not have the metaphysis of ossis and bone without cancellous bone, and teaching efficiency is not forced Very, the problem that can not carry out the bone surgeries skill training such as fixed and abarticulation manipulative reduction in fracture operation, examination, is filled out The blank of world medicine educational facilities is mended.

The advantages of invention is that the emulation of model height can be imaged in x ray photograph, and joint connection is without metal material object metal Shadow, bone have ossis, and the metaphysis of bone emulates cancellous bone, fracture manipulative reduction can be carried out, fixed, bone in fracture operation The bone surgeries skill trainings such as the manipulative reduction of traction and abarticulation, examination, significantly improve teaching efficiency.

Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:

Detailed description of the invention:

Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention.

Fig. 2 is that fully automatic blood of the invention recycles arteriopalmus simulator structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is fixed schematic diagram outside limbs fracture of the invention.

It is that A is the Set by small splints from outside of first aid of fracture in this schematic diagram, B is the plaster bandage moulding of ulna, fracture of radius It is outer fixed；C is that fracture of tibia exterior fixing rack is fixed；D is high emulation conforming splint external fixation of fracture.

Fig. 4 is fracture operation Plate internal fixiation x ray photograph schematic diagram of the invention.

A is fracture of surgical neck of humerus in this schematic diagram；B is supracondylar fracture of humerus；C is fracture of neck of femur.

Fig. 5 is Bone traction schematic diagram of the invention.

Fig. 6 is abarticulation schematic diagram of the invention.

A is dislocation of shoulder in this schematic diagram；B is the dislocation of hip joint；C is the dislocation of the elbow joint.

Fig. 7 is control circuit schematic diagram of the invention.

DC is rectifier power source in this schematic diagram；K is switch；R is resistance；L is indicator light, M is water pump；Mc is pulse mode Block.

Specific embodiment:

High artificial human body model head (1), face (2), neck (3), trunk (4) upper limb model (5-1,5-2), lower limb model (6-1,6-2), simulated skin (7) are injected in metal die with thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) TPE, feeding wards off glue furnace and warding off rubber-surfaced roll molding machine 200 DEG C or so molding makings of middle heating, or use high resiliency addition-type silicon rubber molding making in a mold, the head of the model (1), face (2) neck (2), the simulation subcutaneous tissue (8) of trunk (4) and muscle (9) PU expect that PU foams in injection mold Production is attached to simulated skin (7) internal layer, not only soft but also high resilience.Humerus (10-1,10-2), the ulna (11- of four limbs 1,11-2), radius (12-1,12-2), femur (13-1,13-2), shin bone (14-1,14-2), fibula (15-1,1-2) etc. be equipped with Emulation ossis (SQ), metaphysis set emulation cancellous bone (SZ)；Humerus (10-1,10-2), ulna (11-1,11- of appendicular skeleton 2), radius (12-1,12-2), femur (13-1,13-2), shin bone (14-1,14-2), fibula (15-1,15-2) upper limb (5-1,5- 2), the bone (6-1 ', 6-2 ') of hand bone (5-1 ', 5-2 ') lower limb (6-1,6-2) ankle and foot adds 10% with hard PVC Baryan and the molding of white dye mold, the production production method of emulation ossis (SQ) are the gold that shot is the bone Belong to the 40-50% of mold total capacity, feeding wards off glue furnace and heats 200 DEG C or so rotational moulding production in warding off rubber-surfaced roll molding machine, since material feeding is few Gu only forming bone wall and center is cavity, the production method for emulating cancellous bone (SZ): being in the upper of appendicular skeleton metaphysis Set drilling, which placed downwards vertically, with priming apparatus extract in right amount be mixed with sponge fine slag, unsaturated-resin and 2% curing agent, The mixture of micro Baryan is injected from drilling, and the extra infusion of eminence drilling is allowed to flow out, after a few houres Solidify the emulation cancellous bone () that metaphysis is made；Appendicular skeleton can be fabricated to various fracture, fracture of surgical neck of humerus (16) humerus Bone supracondylar fracture (17), ulnar fracture (18), fracture of radius (19) fracture of neck of femur (20) fracture of tibia (21), fracture of fibula (22)；X ray photograph inspection can be carried out to fracture site, due to containing x-ray contrast agent in the making material of bone, therefore can be in x-ray On piece imaging, since joint is connected without metal material, therefore without the metal artifacts for influencing diagnosis, incomplete fracture, stability bone Folding can carry out manipulative reduction, and x ray photograph check, comparison check reset effect can be carried out after reset；Using bone after the reduction of the fracture Roll over fixed plintlet (JB-1), macromolecule fracture fixation profiling clamping plate (JB-2) carry out it is fixed outside the reduction of the fracture, can also gypsum it is taut Band moulding (SG) progress is outer fixed, to complicated fracture or unstable fracture, must carry out surgical menopause, fix in fracture operation It is routinely to be carried out by clinical manipulation, simulated skin (7), subcutaneous is successively cut in the disinfection of normal scale simulation, paving operation towel with scalpel Organize (8) and muscle (9).The thermoplastic elastics such as TPE are heated in 200 °C of injection molds in gelatin extrusion machine and 4-5mm sheet is made Film, being cut into length about 8cm wide is 6- 8cm film, and in joint junction, 320 strength instant drying adhesive water paste periphery, production At high resiliency, high drawing, the emulation joint capsule of tear-proof and simulation ligament (RD), such as: upper limb humerus (12-1,12-2) Humerus head (23) by the shoulder blade of emulation joint capsule and the chest (3) for simulating ligament (RD) and high artificial human body model (24-1, Glenoid cavity (25-1,25-2) 24-2) forms shoulder joint (26-1,26-2) using thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) paste connection, by femur The femoral head (27-1,27-2) of (13-1,13-2) and the acetabular bone (29-1,29-2) of the hipbone (28-1,28-2) below abdomen (4) Connection forms hip joint (30-1,30-2), is similarly fabricated to elbow joint (31-1,31-2), knee joint (32-1,32-2), shoulder joint Save (26-1,26-2) and hip joint (28-1,28-2)；It, must production skin after above-mentioned bone and joint linkage structure are completed Undertissue-artery and vein-skeletal joint structure, method are first for making " subcutaneous tissue-artery and vein-skeletal joint- The lower half of muscle compages " is closed in the mold of lower half, simulates subcutaneous group with faint yellow high elasticity silica rubber production 5mm thickness (8) are knitted, after solidification, side upper limb (5-1) and lower limb (6-1) fracture site in the mold of lower half simulate hypodermis layer (8) parteriole (A-1, A-2), simulation veinlet (V-1, V-2) are simulated in divide into), slightly fixed, upper limb (5-1) parteriole is defeated Enter end (A-1 '), veinlet reflux end (A -1 ') outside the vessel groove stretching mold that the upper limb top (5-1) is stitched through mold clamping, Similarly lower limb (6-1) simulation parteriole input terminal (A-2 '), simulation veinlet reflux end (V-2 ') its from the top lower limb (6-1) It stretches out；Appropriate height is paved with the foamed silastic that a small amount of thickness is suitable in its lower section, so that bone is in required position, then will be upper After half portion mold and the half portion mold clamping, the red PU foamed material ... being mixed evenly from material hole injection is normal by operation Then rule, which can be fabricated to, is placed in upper limb model (5-1,5-2), lower limb model (6-1,6- for the semi-finished product structure model of production 2) in simulated skin (7) housing, before being used between the humerus head (23-1,23-2) and glenoid cavity (25-1,25-2) of upper limb (5-1) The method of stating connects into shoulder joint (26-1,26-2), the femorals head (13-1,13-2) of lower limb (6-1) and acetabular bone (29-1,29-2) it Between connection be fabricated to hip joint (30-1,30-2)；Simulate parteriole input terminal (A-1 ') and simulation veinlet reflux end (V-1 ') It is pierced by from the simulated skin (7) of shoulder joint (26-1) nearby, simulates parteriole input terminal (A-2 ') and simulation veinlet reflux end (V-2 ') is pierced by from the simulated skin (7) of hip joint (30-1) nearby, near technological tool and scissors finishing joint junction Partial simulation skin, the electric iron electric heating of seam crossing tack smear thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) TPE instant melting by seam crossing at this It is flat, that is, it is fabricated to complete upper limb model (5-1,5-2), lower limb model (6-1,6-2).Due to emulation joint capsule and simulation ligament (RD) flexible, elasticity is strong, elongation is high, good tear resistance, therefore can be needed according to teaching in the side four for not setting fracture Limb makes abarticulation sign.Two people of palpus operation when this, when making part abarticulation, wherein a people is fixed according to top limb Body, another people pulls the upper arm of upper limb with strength to the sufficient side direction of manikin, due to production such as thermoplastic shape elastomer TPE With high resiliency, high drawing, the emulation joint capsule of tear-proof and simulation ligament (RD), powerful traction force can be by humerus head (23) dislocation of shoulder (33) that simulation is downwardly or rearwardly made down toward glenoid cavity is dragged from glenoid cavity；Make the dislocation of the elbow joint When, a people fixes the upper arm of a limb, and for another people with strength to the back lower place to firmly, the sufficient side direction of manikin pulls upper limb The olecranon (11-1,11-2) of ulna is extracted from the fossa olecrani of humerus and the dislocation of the elbow joint is made by forearm arm, powerful traction force (34)；When making the dislocation of hip joint, the upper body of a people with the hands cephalad direction fixing human model, another people is kicked with a foot The firmly shelves portion between two lower limb of manikin (6-1,6-2), two holdings are stayed limb (6-2), are firmly pulled to sufficient side direction, by stock Bone is extracted from the acetabular bone (29-2) of hipbone (28-2) and is fabricated to the dislocation of hip joint (35)；The present invention can carry out a variety of orthopaedics hands Art skill training and examination can not only carry out fixed and doubtful spinal cord injury outside first aid of fracture and carry, can also carry out abarticulation Manipulative reduction skill training or when examination operated by clinical manipulation conventional teaching, operation can correctly make the joint of dislocation multiple Position.Fracture can be conducive to the diagnosis clearly fractured in X-ray film line shadow, no metal artifacts, to incomplete fracture or suitable gimmick The manipulative reduction that the completeness fracture of reset can fracture, external fixation of fracture can use plintlet (JB-1), plaster bandage plastotype (SG), the outer fixing clamp (JB-2) of macromolecule fracture, moreover it is possible to fracture external fixing rack is carried out, to complicated fracture or unstability bone Folding can carry out surgical menopause, can be with fixing special stainless steel plate (GB), screw (LD) in corresponding fracture operation, in fracture The specific method of fixed operation, is trained or is examined by the surgical menopause operating routine of the fracture；Operation consent is by upper limb Simulate parteriole input terminal and fully automatic blood recycle first connector (46) of arteriopalmus simulator front panel (41) with it is upper Artery input pipe (the A-2 ') docking of the artery input pipe (A-1 ') or lower limb (6-1) of limb (5-1), the second connector (48) is up and down Vein return pipe (the V-2 ') docking of the venous return pipe (V-1 ') or lower limb (6-1) of limb (6-1)；Simulation blood is extracted with big syringe Liquid is continuously injected into storage blood vial (53) by the note blood vessel (54) of the simulator front panel (41), until overflow pipe (55) have mould Show to be already filled with when quasi- blood flows out and the fluid level of liquidometer (44) rises to top simultaneously, due to the work of non-return valve (f) With the simulation blood of injection will not be excessive.AC220V attaching plug is inserted into power outlet, opens the power switch of the simulator (K), power supply indicator lights, and micro impeller water pump (M) is passed through by the pulse frequency of pulse module (mc) 60 times/min issued Blood vial efferent duct (57) is stored up the input terminal (58) of the efferent duct (57) of blood vial (53), pump and extracts simulation blood into the pump, pump Output end (58) of the simulation blood through the pump out

Through the simulation parteriole input terminal (A-1 '/A- on the inside of simulation blood efferent duct (59) connection simulator cabinet panel (41) 2 ') the first connector (46) inner end, it is 5mm outer diameter 6mm rich in bullet which passes through 1-2 meters long, internal diameter again Property simulation arterial (60), by reducer union part (JT) connection upper limb (5-1) simulation parteriole input terminal (A-1 ') or under Limb (6-1) simulates parteriole input terminal (A-12 '), and blood vial return pipe (58) is through in conduit (DG) connection simulator front panel (41) The second connector (48) inner end of side to connect simulation veinlet return pipe (47), the connector outboard end pass through 1-2 again Long, internal diameter 4mm outer diameter 6mm the simulation veinlet return pipe (61) of rice passes through reducer union part (JT) link model upper limb (5-1) Simulation veinlet reflux end (V-1 ') or lower limb (6-1) simulation veinlet reflux end (V-2 ').Fracture internal fixaiion operation Specific method is trained or is examined by the surgical menopause operating routine of the fracture；Routine disinfection, drape are simulated when operation, Simulated skin (7), subcutaneous tissue (8), muscle (9) are successively cut with scalpel, if having damaged simulation parteriole (A-1/ accidentally A-2 rhythmicity, sprayability parteriole bleeding) are had, parteriole bleeding scene when like performing the operation to real patient simulates effect It forces very much, the blood flow pumped out after patient's knotting hemostasis is obstructed, and simulation blood reflux enters storage through the impeller clearance reflux of impeller water pump Blood vial (53) drills on the bone of fracture site, with screw (LD) that Fracture internal fixaiion special stainless steel plate (GB) is fixed On the upper and lower bone of fracture line, successively muscle (9), subcutaneous tissue (8) skin (7) are simulated in suture, since TPE material is anti-tear It splits, silicon rubber simulation skin inner layer sets dacron thread stratum reticulare (DL) and therefore can not also tear when tear-proof, suture.Postop fracture limb Body Model is reusable, adds the mixing of moderate amount of sulfuric acid barium to mix well in injection hole and can repair in the drilling into bone good glue of 302 brothers Multiple, the sebific duct that the simulation end parteriole duang two sides set injects a bit of slightly thick 1mm of diameter adds your rubber adhesion glue repairing, ossification It afterwards and can be used, new low point simulated blood vessel can be replaced from the end that inputs and flow back when necessary, local skin TPE material is ironed with tack electricity Iron hot melt repairing, your rubber material are used silicon rubber agglutinating repair, can be reused after repairing.To certain fracture, abarticulation, Bone traction can be also carried out after reset, and draw hook (36) is hung over to the drilling (37) for being towed bone accordingly by Bone traction operating routine Traction rope (38) one end is connected draw hook (36) by place, and the other end connects fixed pulley (39) rope end on towing bracket (Z J) End connects the weight (40) of suitable counterweight, and the active force generated using weight weight draws the bone of fracture or dislocation, confrontation bone The reaction force of folding or abarticulation limb muscle retraction, thus after avoiding fracture or abarticulation manipulative reduction, by the limbs The effect retraction dislocation (being clinically conducive to fracture or abarticulation patients ' recovery) of muscle retraction reaction force.Trainee Repeat, skill comes from practice, be remarkably improved the skill training and examination effect of a variety of bone surgeries.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of high emulation orthopaedics first aid is fixed and a variety of surgical skills training and examination models, it includes: high artificial human body model Head, neck, trunk, four limbs and its high simulation skeleton, fully automatic blood recycle arteriopalmus simulator, it is characterised in that: The head (1) of the naturally big high artificial human body model of 1:1, neck (2), chest (3) abdomen (4) upper limb (5-1,5-2), lower limb (6- 1,6-2) simulated skin (7) thickness 3-4mm, it is fine with the molding of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) TPE mold or high elasticity silica rubber liner terylene Tie up the molding of scrim layer mold；The head of the model, neck, chest, abdomen set 8-10mm simulation subcutaneous tissue (8) and suitable depth And the muscle (9) of shape, it is foamed with mold PU, skeleton rigid plastics or composite material mould molding making；Upper limb (5-1,5- 2) simulated subcutaneous tissue (8) of lower limb (6-1,6-2) and muscle (9) make of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)s such as TPE；The upper arm of appendicular skeleton Bone (10-1,10-2), ulna (11-1,11-2), radius (12-1,12-2), femur (13-1,13-2), shin bone (14-1,14- 2), the bone (6-1 ', 6-2 ') of hand bone (5-1 ', 5-2 ') ankle and foot of fibula (15-1,15-2), until using hard PVC adds 10% Baryan mold to form, and is equipped with emulation ossis (SQ), metaphysis sets emulation cancellous bone (SZ)；Hand bone The bone (6-1 ', 6-2 ') of bone (5-1 ', 5-2 ') ankle and foot does not set emulation ossis (SQ)；The side four of high artificial human body model Limb bone is fabricated with the various fracture of fracture line/section (GZ), comprising: fracture of surgical neck of humerus (16) supracondylar fracture of humerus (17), ulnar fracture (18), fracture of radius (19) fracture of neck of femur (20) fracture of tibia (21), fracture of fibula (22)；Humerus bone Upper limb (5-1) upper arm of (16,17) and lower limb (6-1) the thigh position of femoral fracture are rolled over, in its subcutaneous tissue (8) and muscle (9) it is defeated that more slightly shorter than the bone of fracture, internal diameter 1-2mm outer diameter 3-4mm simulation parteriole (A-1, A-2), parteriole are additionally provided between Enter end (A-1 ') to be pierced by above shoulder simulated skin (7), simulates blood backflow end (A -1 ') from elbow front and be pierced by simulated skin (7), the simulation parteriole input terminal (A-2 ') of lower limb (6-1) thigh, be pierced by from thigh root simulated skin (7) simulation blood Reflux end (V-2 ') is pierced by analogsimulation skin (7) from lower leg and thigh；Big joint junction sets elastomeric emulation joint capsule And ligament (RD) is simulated, the olecroanon (11-1 ', 11-2 ') of upper limb (5-1,5-2) and humerus fossa olecrani (10-1 ' ' 10-2 ') Emulation joint capsule is emulated by height and simulation ligament (RD) connection is made elbow joint (23-1,23-2)；Ulna (11-1,11-2) and The articular surface of the lower end radius (12-1,12-2) is connect through TPE material with simulation ligament (RD) with carpal bone (WG) and metacarpal bone (ZG-1) It is fabricated to wrist joint (WGJ)；The humerus head (10-1 ') of upper limb humerus (10-1,10-2) passes through high emulation emulation joint capsule and mould Quasi- ligament (RD) connect to form shoulder joint with the glenoid cavity (26-1,26-2) of the shoulder blade (25-1,25-2) of high artificial human body model It saves (JGJ), by acetabular bone (29-1,29- of the femoral head (27-1,27-2) of femur (13-1,13-2) and hipbone (28-1,28-2) 2) connection forms hip joint (30-1,30-2)；, the lower end femur (13-1,13-2), the shin bone upper end (14-1,14-2) and kneecap (BG) high emulation emulation joint capsule and simulation ligament (RD) connect and compose knee joint (32-1,32-2), upper limb (5-1,5-2), Ulna (11-1,11-2) and the articular surface of the lower end radius (12-1,12-2) connect with carpal bone (WG) and metacarpal bone (ZG-1) through TPE material It connects and is fabricated to wrist joint (WGJ) with simulation ligament (RD)；Inferior articular surface, the articular facet of medial malleolus of lower limb (6-1,6-2) shin bone lower end It is connect with shanks such as the astragalus (JG) of fibula (FG) articular facet of lateral malleolus and ankle and foot through TPE, with simulation ligament (RD) connection production Ankle-joint (HGJ), lower connection foot bones (ZG-2)；In the dislocation of shoulder for the other side four limbs production simulation for not setting fracture (33), the dislocation of the elbow joint (34), the dislocation of hip joint (35)；After first aid of limb fracture can be fixed with plintlet (JB-1) plus support has (TJ) and suspender belt (DD) is fixed, and upper limb is generally fractured after manipulative reduction, and plintlet (JB-1), plaster bandage plastotype can be used (SG) or it is outer solid that exterior fixing rack (ZJ) progress can also be used in the outer strap (JB-2) of macromolecule fracture profiling, outer fixation It is fixed；To unstability or complicated fracture can be used surgical menopause special stainless steel plate (GB), screw (LD) steel nail (GD) into The surgical menopause of row fracture；Bone traction operation can be also carried out, draw hook (36) is hung over to the drilling for being towed bone accordingly (37) at, traction rope (38) are connected into fixed pulley (39), which connects the weight (40) of suitable counterweight.

2. a kind of high emulation orthopaedics first aid as described in claim 1 is fixed and a variety of surgical skills training and examination models, special Sign is: the fully automatic blood recycles arteriopalmus simulator, is that simulator case front panel (41) are equipped with power switch (K) and its indicator light (L), blood flow adjusting knob (XN), fluid injection pipe connections (42), overflow pipe connections (43), liquidometer (44), for connecting the fluid injection pipe connections (46) of simulation artery efferent duct (45) and for connecting simulation bleed back tube (47) connector (48), simulator cabinet rear panel (49) by insulation rubber mat (JD) connect 220 V power supply line (DX) of AC and Its plug (CT)；The charactron (SM) and its potentiometer knob (XN), controller machine of power switch (K), machine governor (TS) Pulse module (mc) and machine governor (TS) the connection control that sending per minute 60 times pulse signals are equipped in case (51) are micro- Type impeller water pump (M) is also placed and the storage blood vial of liquidometer (52) through conduit (DG-1, DG-2) Yu capacity 500ml in the cabinet (53) intercommunication, the bottle are equipped with blood vial liquid injection pipe (54), the blood vial overflow pipe (55), blood vial efferent duct for being connected to non-return valve (f) (57), blood vial return pipe (58)；The inlet tube (59) of micro impeller water pump (M) and the blood vial efferent duct of storage blood vial (53) lower part (57) it docks, the pump output terminal (58) is defeated through the simulation parteriole on the inside of efferent duct (59) connection simulator cabinet panel (41) Enter the first connector (46) inner end at end (A-1 '/A-2 '), which passes through 1-2 meters long, internal diameter 5mm again The flexible simulation arterial (60) of outer diameter 6mm simulates parteriole input by reducer union part (JT) connection upper limb (5-1) (A-1 ') or lower limb (6-1) simulation parteriole input terminal (A-12 ') are held, blood vial return pipe (58) connects simulator through conduit (DG) It, should to connect the second connector (48) inner end for simulating veinlet return pipe (47-1 '/47-2 ') on the inside of front panel (41) Connector outboard end passes through 1-2 meters long, internal diameter 4mm outer diameter 6mm simulation veinlet return pipe (61) again and passes through reducer union part (JT) simulation veinlet reflux end (V-1 ') of link model upper limb (5-1) or lower limb (6-1) simulation veinlet reflux end (V- 2 ').