CN210865311U - High-simulation orthopedics first-aid training and examining model for multiple surgical skills - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high-simulation orthopedics first-aid multiple-operation skill training and examining model, wherein four simulation skins of a high-simulation human body model are made of thermoplastic elastomers such as TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) for simulation subcutaneous tissues and muscles; the skeleton is molded by hard PVC and 10 percent X-ray contrast agent, and is provided with a simulated medullary cavity and a simulated cancellous bone at the metaphysis; can be developed on X-ray film without metal artifacts; one limb is made into various fractures with fracture lines/sections and is provided with a full-automatic blood circulation simulator for simulating arteriolar connection; making a simulated joint dislocation on the other side of the limbs without fracture; the limb fracture can be fixed by a small splint for emergency treatment, the fracture can be reduced by a fracture manipulation, external fixation such as the small splint can be adopted, and the complicated fracture can be caused by the loss of vivid arteriolar jet hemorrhage of the injured artery during the operation of internal fixation; the orthopedic traction instrument can also be used for various orthopedic operations such as bone traction, joint dislocation, fracture reduction and the like, is used for orthopedic first aid and orthopedic training of various surgical skills of medical students in orthopedics and traumatology in medical colleges and hospitals, and obviously improves the teaching effect.

Description

High-simulation orthopedics first-aid training and examining model for multiple surgical skills

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical education equipment, in particular to an orthopedic first aid and operation training examination model.

Background

In clinical medicine, fracture of limbs and dislocation of joints are one of the most common diseases, and are one of the key points and difficulties in medical education and examination of medical practitioners. The existing four-limb fracture teaching model has poor simulation degree, can only carry out fracture external fixation emergency training, adopts metal materials for joint connection, can not carry out X-ray radiography, does not have a bone marrow cavity for bones, and does not have cancellous bone at metaphysis of the bones, so the simulation effect is not vivid, and the training and the examination of skills such as internal fixation of fracture operation, manual reduction of joint dislocation and the like can not be carried out, thereby influencing the improvement of the culture of medical talents.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing a multiple operation skill training of high emulation orthopedics first aid examines model, the simulation skin of this model, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, skeleton, the high emulation of joint, can not only carry out four limbs fracture first aid external fixation skill training and examination, the skeleton can be at X piece formation of image, no metal artifact shows, the marrow chamber has, metaphysis has lifelike spongy bone, consequently, can not wrap fixed training through carrying out the fracture first aid, still can carry out fracture gimmick and reset, carry out little splint external fixation after resetting, plaster bandage external fixation, the fixed frame of fracture external fixation, fracture internal fixation operation, bone traction operation, multiple orthopedic operation skill training and examination such as the gimmick of joint dislocation resets.

The utility model provides a current orthopedics teaching model simulation degree relatively poor, the simulation effect is not lifelike, can't carry out bone surgery skill training such as gimmick of fracture operation internal fixation and joint dislocation resets, the difficult problem of examination, has filled the blank of world medical education equipment.

A high-simulation orthopedics first aid multiple orthopedic surgery skill training and examining model comprises: head, neck, truck, four limbs and high emulation skeleton, full-automatic blood circulation artery pulsation simulator of high simulation manikin, its characterized in that: 1, molding by using a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) mold or a high-elasticity silicone rubber inner lining polyester fiber mesh fabric layer mold, wherein the thicknesses of simulated skins (7) of head and neck parts (1 and 2), a chest part (3), an abdomen part (4), upper limbs (5) and lower limbs (6) of a natural high-simulation human body model are 3-4 mm; the head, neck, chest and abdomen of the model are provided with 8-10mm simulated subcutaneous tissues (8) and muscles (9) with proper thickness and shape, a mould PU is used for foaming, and a framework is made by molding a hard plastic or composite material mould; the simulated subcutaneous tissues (8) and muscles (9) of the upper limbs (5) and the lower limbs (6) are made of TPE and other thermoplastic elastomers; humerus (10-1, 10-2), ulna (11-1, 11-2), radius (12-1, 12-2), femur (13-1, 13-2), tibia (14-1, 14-2), hand bone of fibula (15-1, 15-2) and bone of ankle part of bones of four limbs are molded by hard PVC and 10% X-ray contrast agent, provided with simulated medullary cavity (SQ), and simulated cancellous bone is arranged at metaphysis; the bones of the hand and the ankle are short bones without marrow cavities, and the bones of four limbs on one side of the high-simulation human body model are made into various fractures with fracture lines/sections (GZ), which comprises the following steps: humeral surgery neck fracture (16), supracondylar fracture of humerus (17), fracture of ulna (18), fracture of radius (19), fracture of femoral neck (20), fracture of tibia (21), fracture of fibula (22); a simulated arteriole which is slightly shorter than a fractured bone, has an inner diameter of 1-2mm and an outer diameter of 3-4mm is arranged between the subcutaneous tissue (8) and the muscle (9) of an upper limb (5) of the humerus surgical neck fracture (16), the input end of the arteriole penetrates out of the simulated skin (7) from above the shoulder, and the simulated blood backflow end penetrates out of the simulated skin (7) from the front part of the elbow; the large joint connection part is provided with a high-elasticity simulated joint capsule and a simulated ligament (RD), and an olecroanon (11-3) of an upper limb (5) and an olecroanon socket at the lower end of humerus (10-1, 11-2) are connected into an elbow joint (23) through the high-elasticity simulated joint capsule and the simulated ligament (RD); the articular surfaces at the lower ends of the ulna (11-1, 11-2) and the radius (12-1, 12-2), the carpal bone (WG) and the metacarpal bone (ZG-1) are connected by TPE materials and made into wrist joints (WGJ) by simulated ligaments; the humerus heads (10-3) of the upper limb humerus (10-1, 10-2) are connected with a glenoid (26) of the scapula (25) of the high simulation human body model through a high simulation joint capsule and a simulation ligament (RD) to form a shoulder joint (JGJ), and the femoral heads (27) of the femurs (13-1, 13-2) and an acetabulum (29) of a hip bone (28) are connected through the simulation joint capsule and the simulation ligament (RD) to form a hip joint (30); the lower ends of thighbones (13-1 and 13-2), the upper ends of shinbones (14-1 and 14-2) and patella are connected by high-simulation simulated joint capsules and simulated ligaments to form knee joints (32-1 and 32-2), the articular surfaces of the lower ends of ulna (11-1 and 11-2) and radius (12-1 and 12-2) of an upper limb (5), carpal bones (WG) and metacarpal bones (ZG) are connected by TPE materials and are made into wrist joints (WGJ) by the simulated ligaments (RD); the lower joint surface and the medial malleolus joint surface at the lower end of the tibia of the lower limb (6) are connected with the external malleolus joint surface of the Fibula (FG) and tarsal bones such as talus (JG) of the ankle part through TPE, a simulated ligament (RD) is used for connecting and manufacturing an ankle joint (HGJ), and the lower part of the HGJ is connected with foot bones; making simulated shoulder joint dislocation (33), elbow joint dislocation (34) and hip joint dislocation (35) on the right limbs without fracture; the first aid of the upper limb fracture can be fixed by a small splint (JB-1), then a support (TJ) and a hanging strip (DD) are added for fixation, after the general fracture manipulation of the four limbs is reset, the small splint (JB-1), plaster bandage modeling (SG) or a high polymer fracture profiling external fixation splint (JB-2) can be used for external fixation, and an external fixation bracket (ZJ) can also be used for external fixation; for unstable or complex fracture, the special stainless steel plate (GB) and screw (LD) steel nail (GD) for intra-operative fixation can be adopted for intra-operative fixation of fracture; the bone traction operation can also be carried out, wherein a traction hook (36) is hung at the drilling hole (37) of the corresponding bone to be dragged during the bone traction operation, a traction rope (38) is connected with a fixed pulley (39), and the tail end of the rope is connected with a heavy hammer (40) which is suitable for being weighted. The full-automatic blood circulation arterial pulsation simulator is characterized in that a power switch (K) and an indicator lamp (L) thereof, a blood flow adjusting knob (XN-1), a liquid injection pipe connecting piece (42), an overflow pipe connecting piece (43), a liquid level meter (44), a simulation artery input pipe connecting piece (46) used for connecting a simulation artery input pipe (45) and a connecting piece (48) used for connecting a simulation blood return pipe (47) are arranged on a front panel (41) of a simulator case, and a nixie tube (SM) of a motor speed regulator and a potentiometer knob (XN-2) thereof as well as a rear panel (49) of the simulator case are connected with an AC220V power line and a plug thereof through an insulating rubber gasket (50); a pulse module (mc) which sends out pulse signals for 60 times per minute and a miniature impeller water pump (M) which is connected and controlled by a motor speed regulator are arranged in a controller case (51), the case is also internally provided with a liquid level meter (44) which is communicated with a blood storage bottle (53) with the capacity of 500ml through guide pipes (52-1 and 52-2), and the bottle is provided with a blood bottle liquid injection pipe (54) connected with a check valve, a blood bottle overflow pipe (55), a blood bottle output pipe (57) and a blood bottle simulation blood return pipe (47); a liquid inlet pipe (58) of a miniature impeller water pump (M) is in butt joint with a blood bottle output pipe (57) at the lower part of a blood storage bottle (53), the pump output end (59) is connected with the inner side end of a simulation artery input pipe connecting piece (46) at the inner side of a simulator case panel (41) through a simulation artery input pipe (45), the outer side end of the connecting piece is connected with the inner side end of a connecting piece (48) of a simulation vein backflow pipe at the inner side of a simulator front panel (41) through a variable-diameter joint piece, a simulation artery input pipe of a left upper limb (5) and a simulation vein backflow pipe of 5mm in inner diameter are connected through a variable-diameter joint piece, and the outer side end of the connecting piece is connected with a simulation vein backflow pipe of a small upper limb of a model through a simulation vein backflow pipe (61) of 1-2mm in length, 4mm in inner.

The utility model provides a current orthopedics teaching model simulation degree relatively poor, can not carry out the X line and take a photograph or the joint connection presents the metal artifact with metal material, the limbs skeleton does not possess the no cancellous bone of metaphysis end of marrow chamber and bone, and the teaching effect is not lifelike, and the unable bone surgery skill training such as gimmick that carries out fracture surgery internal fixation and joint dislocation resets, the difficult problem of examination have filled the blank of world medical education equipment

The utility model has the advantages that the model is highly simulated, the X-ray radiography imaging can be carried out, the joint connection has no metal material metal as shadow, the skeleton has a marrow cavity, the metaphysis end of the bone simulates cancellous bone, the training and examination of the bone surgery skills such as the reduction of fracture manipulation, the internal fixation of fracture surgery, the bone traction and the reduction of the manipulation of joint dislocation can be carried out, and the teaching effect is obviously improved.

The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:

description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the full-automatic blood circulation arterial pulsation simulator of the present invention

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the external fixation of fracture of limbs of the present invention

In the schematic diagram, A is the external fixation of a small splint for fracture emergency treatment, and B is the external fixation of plaster bandage shaping for ulna and radius fracture; c, fixing the external fixing bracket for the tibial fracture; d is high-simulation plastic splint fracture external fixation.

FIG. 4 is the schematic view of the internal fixation X-ray radiography of the steel plate for fracture operation of the utility model

In this schematic diagram a is a humeral surgical neck fracture; b is supracondylar fracture of humerus; and C is femoral neck fracture.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the bone traction of the present invention

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the dislocation of joint of the present invention

In the schematic diagram, A represents dislocation of shoulder joint; b is dislocation of hip joint; and C is dislocation of the elbow joint.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of the present invention

In the schematic diagram, DC is a rectification power supply; k is a switch; r is resistance; l is an indicator light, and M is a water pump; mc is a pulse module.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the high-simulation human model is characterized in that the head (1), the five sense organs (2), the neck (3), the trunk (4), the upper limb models (5-1 and 5-2), the lower limb models (6-1 and 6-2) and the simulated skin (7) are injected into a metal mold by using thermoplastic elastomer TPE, the metal mold is sent into a vinyl furnace to be heated in a vinyl rolling machine for molding at about 200 ℃, or high-elasticity addition type silicon rubber is adopted for molding in the mold, the simulated subcutaneous tissues (8) and the muscles (9) of the head (1), the neck (2) and the trunk (4) of the model are injected into the mold by using PU materials to be foamed and attached to the inner layer of the simulated skin (7), and the model is soft and has high elasticity. Humerus (10-1, 10-2), ulna (11-1, 11-2), radius (12-1, 12-2), femur (13-1, 13-2), tibia (14-1, 14-2), fibula (15-1, 1-2) and the like of four limbs are provided with simulated medullary cavities (SQ), and a simulated cancellous bone (SZ) is arranged at the metaphysis; humerus (10-1, 10-2), ulna (11-1, 11-2), radius (12-1, 12-2), femur (13-1, 13-2), tibia (14-1, 14-2), fibula (15-1, 15-2), upper limb (5) and ankle of lower limb (6) of the four-limb skeleton are all molded by hard PVC plus 10% X-ray contrast agent such as barium sulfate and white dye. The method for making artificial marrow cavity (SQ) is characterized by that the injection quantity is 40-50% of total volume of metal mould of said skeleton, then the above-mentioned material is fed into a vinyl furnace, and heated in a vinyl drum-type plastic rolling machine at about 200 deg.C to make rolling plastic, and because the injection quantity is less solid, only the wall of the skeleton is formed, and its centre is a cavity so as to form the marrow cavity. The manufacturing method of the simulated cancellous bone (SG): drilling a hole at the upper position of the metaphysis of the bone of the four limbs, vertically placing the metaphysis downwards, extracting a mixture mixed with a proper amount of fine sponge slag, unsaturated resin, 2 percent curing agent and trace X-ray contrast agent by using an injection and irrigation device, injecting the mixture from the hole, discharging the redundant injectate of the hole drilled at a high position, and curing the redundant injectate for several hours to prepare the simulated cancellous bone (SG) of the metaphysis; the bones of the four limbs can be made into various fractures, humerus surgical neck fracture (16), humerus supracondylar fracture (17), ulna fracture (18), radius fracture (19), femoral neck fracture (20), tibia fracture (21) and fibula fracture (22); the fracture part can be examined by X-ray radiography, the production material of the skeleton contains X-ray radiography agent, so the X-ray radiography can be used for imaging on the X-ray, the joint connection has no metal material, so the metal artifact influencing diagnosis is avoided, incomplete fracture and stable fracture can be reset by a manual method, the X-ray radiography reexamination can be carried out after the resetting, and the resetting effect can be compared and examined; after the fracture reduction, the small fracture fixation splint (JB-1) and the polymer fracture fixation profiling splint (JB-2) can be used for external fixation of the fracture reduction, and the plaster bandage shaping splint (JB-2) can also be used for external fixation, so that the internal fixation of complicated fracture or unstable fracture needs to be carried out, the internal fixation of the fracture operation is carried out according to the clinical operation routine, the simulation disinfection and the paving of an operation towel are carried out by a routine model, and the simulation skin (7), the subcutaneous tissue (8) and the muscle (9) are sequentially cut by an operation knife. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) and the like are heated in a glue extruder at 200 ℃ and injected into a mould to be made into 4-5mm thick sheets of films, the films are cut into films with the length of about 8cm and the width of 6-8 cm, 320 strong instant-dry glue is used for adhering the peripheries of the joints to be made into high-elasticity, high-extensibility and tear-resistant simulated joint capsules and simulated ligaments (RD), for example: humeral heads (10-3) of upper limb humerus (10-1, 10-2) are connected with glenoid cavities (25-1, 25-2) of shoulder blades (24, 24-2) of breasts (3) of a high simulation human body model by a simulation joint capsule and a simulation ligament (RD) by adopting thermoplastic elastomers to form shoulder joints (26-1, 26-2), femoral heads (27-1, 27-2) of thighbones (13-1, 13-2) are connected with acetabulums (29-1, 29-2) of hip bones (28-1, 28-2) below an abdomen (4) to form hip joints (30-1, 30-2), and elbow joints (31-1, 31-2), knee joints (32-1, 32-2), shoulder joints (26-1, 26-2) are manufactured in the same way, 26-2) and hip joints (28-1, 28-2); after the skeleton and joint connection structure is manufactured, a subcutaneous tissue-artery and vein-skeleton joint structure is required to be manufactured, the method comprises the steps of firstly manufacturing a simulated subcutaneous tissue (8) with the thickness of 5mm by using light yellow high-elasticity silicon rubber in a lower half mold and a lower half mold for manufacturing a subcutaneous tissue-artery and vein-skeleton joint-muscle comprehensive structure, after solidification, arranging a simulated artery and a simulated vein under the simulated subcutaneous tissue layer (8) at the fracture part of the upper limb (5-1) and the lower limb (6-1) at one side in the lower half mold, slightly fixing the simulated artery and the simulated vein, and enabling the arteriolar input end () and the venular reflux end (A-1') of the upper limb (5-1) to extend out of the mold from a vascular ditch of the upper part of the upper limb (5-1) through mold joint; a small amount of foaming silicon rubber with proper thickness is used for padding up to proper height under the upper half part of the lower half part of the upper half part of, the red PU foaming material … … which is evenly mixed and stirred is injected from the material injection hole and can be manufactured according to the operation convention, then the manufactured semi-finished product structure model is placed in the simulated skin (7) coat of the upper limb model (5-1, 5-2) and the lower limb model (6-1, 6-2), the humeral head (23) of the upper limb (5) and the glenoid (26) are connected by the method to form shoulder joints (26-1, 26-2), and the femoral heads (13-1, 13-2) of the lower limb (6-1) and the acetabulums (29-1, 29-2) are connected to form hip joints (30-1, 30-2); the input end of the simulated arteriole and the return end of the simulated venule penetrate out of the simulated skin (7) near the shoulder joint (26), the local simulated skin near the joint is trimmed by a knife and a pair of scissors, and the joint is electrically heated by a flat electric iron to enable the thermoplastic elastomer TPE to be instantly melted to flatten the joint, so that complete upper limb models (5-1 and 5-2) and lower limb models (6-1 and 6-2) are manufactured. Because the simulated joint capsule and the simulated ligament (RD) are flexible, strong in elasticity, high in elongation and good in tear resistance, the joint dislocation sign can be made on the four limbs on the side without the fracture according to teaching requirements. When the joint of the manufactured part is dislocated, one person fixes the upper limb, and the other person pulls the upper arm of the upper limb towards the foot side direction of the manikin with strong force, because the thermoplastic elastomer TPE and the like have high elasticity, high extensibility and tear resistance, the simulated joint capsule and the simulated ligament (RD) are manufactured, the humeral head (23) can be pulled down from the glenoid to the position below or behind the glenoid with strong pulling force, and the simulated shoulder joint dislocation (33) is manufactured; when the elbow joint dislocation is made, one person fixes the upper arm of the open limb, the other person applies strong force backwards and downwards, the foot side direction of the manikin pulls the forearm arm of the upper arm, and the olecranon (11-1, 11-2) of the ulna is pulled out from the olecranon pit of the humerus by the strong pulling force to make the elbow joint dislocation (34); when the hip joint dislocation is manufactured, one person fixes the upper body of the human body model in the cephalic direction by using two hands, the other person kicks the stopping part between two lower limbs (6-1 and 6-2) of the human body model by using one foot, holds the lower limbs (6-2) by using two hands, forcibly pulls the lower limbs (6-2) in the foot side direction, and pulls out the femoral head from the acetabulum (29-2) of the hip bone (28-2) to manufacture the hip joint dislocation (35); the utility model discloses can carry out multiple orthopedic surgery skill training and examination, not only can carry out fracture first aid external fixation and suspected spinal cord injury transport, still can carry out the gimmick of joint dislocation and restore to the throne skill training or when examining according to clinical operation conventional teaching operation, the joint that the operation is correct can make the dislocation resets. The fracture can be subjected to X-ray film shadow, has no metal artifact, is favorable for definite diagnosis of fracture, can be subjected to manual reduction of fracture for incomplete fracture or complete fracture suitable for manual reduction, can be subjected to intra-operative fixation for fracture external fixation by using a small splint (JB-1), a plaster bandage Shaping (SG), a high-molecular fracture external fixation clamp (JB-2) and a fracture external fixation bracket, can be subjected to intra-operative fixation for complex fracture or unstable fracture, can be subjected to corresponding intra-operative fixation for fracture by using a special stainless steel plate (GB) and a screw (LD), is subjected to intra-operative fixation according to the clinical operation convention, is subjected to routine model simulation sterilization and surgical towel laying, and is sequentially cut a simulation skin (7), a subcutaneous tissue (8) and muscles (9) by using a surgical knife. The method is to train or examine according to the conventional operation of the internal fixation of the fracture operation; before operation, the simulated artery input of the upper limb is butted with a first connecting piece (46) of a front panel (41) of the full-automatic blood circulation arterial pulsation simulator and an artery input pipe of the left upper limb (5), and a simulated vein return pipe (61) is connected with a simulated vein return pipe of the small left upper limb of the model through a reducing connector. The simulated blood is drawn by a large syringe and continuously injected into the blood storage bottle (53) through the blood injection tube (54) of the front panel (41) of the simulator until the overflow tube (55) has the simulated blood flowing out and the liquid level of the liquid level meter (44) rises to the top to indicate that the blood storage bottle is full, and the injected simulated blood cannot overflow due to the action of the check valve (f). Inserting an AC220V power plug into a power socket, turning on a power switch (K) of the simulator, lighting a power indicator light, pumping simulated blood into the pump through a blood bottle output tube (57), an output tube (57) of a blood storage bottle (53) and an input end (58) of the pump by a micro impeller water pump (M) according to a pulse frequency of 60 times/min emitted by a pulse module (mc), connecting the pumped simulated blood with the inner side of a first connecting piece (46) of a simulated arteriole input end at the inner side of a simulator case panel (41) through a simulated arterial tube (60) which is 1-2 meters long and 5mm in inner diameter and 6mm in outer diameter by an output end (59) of the pump and a simulated blood output tube (45), connecting an upper limb (5-1) simulated arteriole input end through a reducer connector (JT), and connecting a blood bottle return tube (58) with the inner side of the simulator front panel (41) through a conduit (DG) for connecting a simulated venuole return tube (47) The outer end of the second connecting piece (48) is connected with a small simulated venous return pipe of a model upper limb (5-1) through a simulated venule return pipe (61) which is 1-2 meters long, 4mm in inner diameter and 6mm in outer diameter through a variable-diameter joint piece (JT). The specific method of the internal fixation operation of the fracture is carried out according to the conventional operation of the internal fixation operation of the fracture; the simulated skin (7), the subcutaneous tissue (8) and the muscle (9) are sequentially cut by a scalpel, if the simulated arteriole is carelessly damaged, the rhythmicity and the jet arteriole bleeding can occur, the situation of the arteriole bleeding during the operation of a real patient is just like, the simulation effect is very strong, the blood flow pumped out after the operator knots to stop the bleeding is blocked, the simulated blood reflows to flow back to the blood storage bottle (53) through the impeller gap of the impeller water pump, holes are drilled on the bone of the fracture part, the special stainless steel plate (GB) for internal fixation of the fracture is fixed on the bone above and below the fracture line by screws (LD), the simulated muscle (9) and the subcutaneous tissue (8) skin (7) are sequentially sutured, and the TPE material is tear-resistant, and the polyester silk mesh layer (DL) is arranged on the inner layer of the simulated skin so that the tear resistance can be realized, and the tear resistance can be avoided. The fractured limb model can be repeatedly used after an operation, the bone drilled holes can be repaired by adding a proper amount of barium sulfate into 302-Geiger glue and uniformly mixing the barium sulfate into the injection holes, the two sides of the simulated arteriole end are sleeved with and injected with a small section of rubber tube with the diameter being slightly thicker than 1mm and then repaired by adding noble rubber adhesive glue, the model can be used after being cured, if necessary, a new simulated blood vessel can be replaced from the input end and the backflow end, the local skin TPE material is repaired by flat-head hot melting, the noble rubber material is repaired by bonding by using silicon rubber, and the model can be reused after. For some fractures and joint dislocation, bone traction can be carried out after reduction, a traction hook (36) is hung at a drilling hole (37) of a corresponding bone to be dragged according to the bone traction operation convention, one end of a traction rope (38) is connected with the traction hook (36), the other end of the traction rope is connected with a fixed pulley (39) on a traction support (Z J), the tail end of the rope is connected with a heavy hammer (40) with a proper weight, the acting force generated by the weight of the heavy hammer is utilized to pull the fractured or dislocated skeleton to resist the reaction force of the muscle retraction of the fractured or joint dislocated limb, so that the retraction dislocation caused by the action of the muscle retraction reaction force of the limb after the manual reduction of the fracture or joint dislocation is avoided (clinically beneficial to the recovery of patients with the fractured. The trainees can exercise repeatedly and are skillful, and the skill training and checking effects of various orthopedic operations can be obviously improved.

Claims (2)

1. A high-simulation orthopedics first aid multiple surgical skill training and examination model comprises: high emulation manikin's neck, truck, four limbs and high emulation skeleton, full-automatic blood circulation artery pulsation simulator, its characterized in that: 1, molding by using a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) mold or a high-elasticity silicone rubber inner lining polyester fiber mesh fabric layer mold, wherein the thicknesses of simulated skins (7) of head and neck parts (1 and 2), a chest part (3), an abdomen part (4), upper limbs (5) and lower limbs (6) of a natural high-simulation human body model are 3-4 mm; the head, neck, chest and abdomen of the model are provided with 8-10mm simulated subcutaneous tissues (8) and muscles (9) with proper thickness and shape, a mould PU is used for foaming, and a framework is made by molding a hard plastic or composite material mould; the simulated subcutaneous tissues (8) and muscles (9) of the upper limbs (5) and the lower limbs (6) are made of TPE thermoplastic elastomer; humerus (10-1, 10-2), ulna (11-1, 11-2), radius (12-1, 12-2), femur (13-1, 13-2), tibia (14-1, 14-2), hand bones of fibula (15-1, 15-2) and bones of ankle, which are all molded by hard PVC and 10% X-ray contrast agent, and are provided with simulated medullary cavities (SQ), and simulated cancellous bones (SG) are arranged at metaphysis; the bones of the hand and the ankle are short bones without marrow cavities, and the bones of four limbs on one side of the high-simulation human body model are made into various fractures with fracture lines/sections (GZ), which comprises the following steps: humeral surgery neck fracture (16), supracondylar fracture of humerus (17), fracture of ulna (18), fracture of radius (19), fracture of femoral neck (20), fracture of tibia (21), fracture of fibula (22); a simulated arteriole which is slightly shorter than a fractured bone, has an inner diameter of 1-2mm and an outer diameter of 3-4mm is arranged between the subcutaneous tissue (8) and the muscle (9) of an upper limb (5) of the humerus surgical neck fracture (16), the input end of the arteriole penetrates out of the simulated skin (7) from above the shoulder, and the simulated blood backflow end penetrates out of the simulated skin (7) from the front part of the elbow; the large joint connection part is provided with a high-elasticity simulated joint capsule and a simulated ligament (RD), and an olecroanon (11-3) of an upper limb (5) and an olecroanon socket at the lower end of humerus (10-1, 10-2) are connected into an elbow joint (23) through the high-elasticity simulated joint capsule and the simulated ligament (RD); the articular surfaces at the lower ends of the ulna (11-1, 11-2) and the radius (12-1, 12-2), the carpal bone (WG) and the metacarpal bone (ZG) are connected by TPE materials and made into wrist joints (WGJ) by simulated ligaments; the humerus head of the upper limb humerus (10-2) is connected with a glenoid (26) of a scapula (25) of a high simulation human body model through a high simulation joint capsule and a simulation ligament (RD) to form a shoulder joint (JGJ), and the femoral heads (27) of the femurs (13-1 and 13-2) and an acetabulum (29) of a hip bone (28) are connected through the simulation joint capsule and the simulation ligament (RD) to form a hip joint (30); the lower ends of thighbones (13-1 and 13-2), the upper ends of shinbones (14-1 and 14-2) and patella are connected by high-simulation simulated joint capsules and simulated ligaments to form knee joints (32-1 and 32-2), the articular surfaces of the lower ends of ulna (11-1 and 11-2) and radius (12-1 and 12-2) of an upper limb (5), carpal bones (WG) and metacarpal bones (ZG) are connected by TPE materials and are made into wrist joints (WGJ) by the simulated ligaments (RD); the lower joint surface and the medial malleolus joint surface of the lower end of the tibia of the lower limb (6) are connected with the lateral malleolus joint surface of the Fibula (FG) and the talus (JG) tarsal bone of the ankle part through TPE, a simulated ligament (RD) is used for connecting and manufacturing an ankle joint (HGJ), and the lower part of the HGJ is connected with the foot bone; making simulated shoulder joint dislocation (33), elbow joint dislocation (34) and hip joint dislocation (35) on the right limbs without fracture; the first aid of limb fracture can be fixed by small splint (JB-1), then fixing with support (TJ) and suspender (DD), after the general fracture of upper limb is reduced, can adopt small splint (JB-1), plaster bandage molding or high molecular fracture profiling external fixation splint (JB-2), and external fixation, or adopt external fixation bracket (ZJ) to carry out external fixation; for unstable or complex fracture, the special stainless steel plate (GB) and screw (LD) steel nail (GD) for intra-operative fixation can be adopted for intra-operative fixation of fracture; the bone traction operation can also be carried out, a traction hook (36) is hung at the position of a drill hole (37) of a corresponding bone to be dragged, a traction rope (38) is connected with a fixed pulley (39), and the tail end of the rope is connected with a heavy hammer (40) which is suitable for being weighted.

2. The high simulation orthopedics emergency multiple surgery skill training and assessment model of claim 1, wherein: the full-automatic blood circulation arterial pulsation simulator is characterized in that a front panel (41) of a simulator case is provided with a power switch (K) and an indicator lamp (L) thereof, a blood flow adjusting knob (XN-1), a liquid injection pipe connecting piece (42), an overflow pipe connecting piece (43), a liquid level meter (44), a simulated artery input pipe connecting piece (46) used for connecting a simulated artery input pipe (45), a connecting piece (48) used for connecting a simulated blood return pipe (47), a digital pipe (SM) of a motor speed regulator and a potentiometer knob (XN-2) thereof; the rear panel (49) of the simulator case is connected with an AC220V power line and a plug thereof through an insulating rubber pad (50); a pulse module (mc) which sends out pulse signals for 60 times per minute and a miniature impeller water pump (M) which is connected and controlled by a motor speed regulator are arranged in a controller case (51), the case is also provided with a liquid level meter (44), the liquid level meter is communicated with a blood storage bottle (53) with the capacity of 500ml through guide pipes (52-1 and 52-2), and the bottle is provided with a blood bottle liquid injection pipe (54) connected with a check valve, a blood bottle overflow pipe (55), a blood bottle output pipe (57) and a simulated blood return pipe (47); a liquid inlet pipe (58) of the miniature impeller water pump (M) is butted with a blood bottle output pipe (57) at the lower part of the blood storage bottle (53), the output end (59) of the pump is connected with the inner end of a simulated artery input pipe connecting piece (46) at the inner side of a front panel (41) of the simulator case through a simulated artery input pipe (45), the outer end of the connecting piece passes through a simulated artery tube (60) which is 1-2 meters long, 5mm in inner diameter, 6mm in outer diameter and rich in elasticity, the simulation artery input pipe and the blood return pipe of the left upper limb (5) are connected through the reducer union piece, and are respectively connected with the connecting piece (48) and the inner side end of the vein return pipe of the simulation artery input pipe connecting piece (46) at the inner side of the front panel (41) of the simulator case, the outer side end of the connecting piece is connected with a simulated venous return pipe (61) with the length of 1-2 meters, the inner diameter of 4mm and the outer diameter of 6mm through a variable-diameter joint piece.

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