CN109543275B - A kind of city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method - Google Patents
A kind of city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation methods.After obtaining city landform, relief data, using the discrete city zoning of triangle unstrctured grid, building region is not involved in subdivision, control line of the contour line as mesh generation, and every building rain pipe is connected by confluence connection side with ground.The catchment area of every rain pipe is first calculated, then calculates the outflow process of every rain pipe.Starting two dimension Godunov model carries out simulation calculating after two-dimensional grid unit setting initial calculation condition, and as with the flow boundary condition that connect side corresponding unit, the rainfall in the grid cell of ground is handled as source item rain pipe outflow process in a model.The present invention fully considers the characteristics of building converges in city, both conservation of mass characteristic whole when city flood calculates had been can guarantee, it can consider influence of the storm outfall water flowing value to surface runoff again simultaneously, the shortcomings that overcoming existing urban flooding model that can not consider building Process of Confluence improves computational accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering technical field, in particular to a kind of city earth's surface diameter for considering building confluence feature
Flow Two-dimensional numerical simulation method.
Background technique
In recent years, urban storm flood was in normalization phenomenon, becomes interference city and operates normally, threatens city public
The significant problem of safety.In the research work of urban flooding problem, urban flooding model, which becomes, solves urban planning, city flood
The important science tools in the fields such as flooded early warning.
Currently, generally there are mainly three types of modes for the simulation of urban flooding process: hydrological model, simplified model and hydrodynamic(al)
Power model.Compared to hydrological model and simplified model, simulated based on the hydrodynamic model of Physical Mechanism under complicated city
There is better accuracy when padding the water flow movement of noodles part, be capable of providing fuller and more accurate hydraulic elements information.This class model
Zoning is usually separated into triangle (quadrangle) unstrctured grid or square net, passes through shallow water equation or simplification
Dynamic wave, diffusion wave model simulate the rainfall-runoff process of earth's surface.Analysis in terms of existing urban flooding hydrodynamic model,
More is to pay close attention to the city flood inundation on tracks trend of a large area, therefore have chosen at the discrete aspect of grid relatively large
Scale has carried out biggish generalizing processing to Urban Landform.However, due to the water flow movement pole under the conditions of the Complex Underlying Surface of city
Vulnerable to the influence of mima type microrelief, therefore, fining is the inexorable trend of urban flooding model development.
Intensive building is distributed in urban surface, this point has dramatically different, the remittance of building with common natural basin
Stream process has significantly different with ordinary municipal ground Process of Confluence, and building is generally by rain pipe by the rainwater-collecting on roof
It concentrates afterwards and is discharged to ground, then participate in the confluence movement of urban surface again.Currently, urban flooding model there is no to consider city
The difference of area's building and ordinary municipal ground Process of Confluence certainly will impact the simulation precision of urban flooding process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation sides of consideration building confluence feature
It the characteristics of method, this method is different from traditional urban flooding model method, considers building Process of Confluence in detail, defines first
The unit of building and common ground connects side, then calculates the corresponding catchment area of every rain pipe, then calculates every rainwater
The discharge process of pipe outlet, the process are handled as the process of becoming a mandarin that connection side corresponds to triangular element.This method is being protected
While demonstrate,proving whole mass conservation characteristic, additionally it is possible to consider the influence of storm outfall water flowing value, improve city to reach
The purpose of flood model computational accuracy.
The purpose of the present invention is what is realized by following scheme:
The present invention is a kind of city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method of consideration building confluence feature, in city essence
On the basis of refining landform, relief data, the connection side of City Building and common ground is defined, determines that every rain pipe is corresponding
Top of building catchment area, calculate the discharge process at every storm outfall, which connects side as unit
Flow boundary condition is added in calculating.It can be very fine by the Process of Confluence of building and ordinary municipal by this method
The Process of Confluence on ground is distinguished and is connected, and the computational accuracy of urban flooding model is improved.Specific step is as follows for this method:
(1) the landforms geometrical characteristic data such as the detailed terrain data in city and building (data containing rain pipe), street are obtained.
(2) zoning is discrete: using the discrete city zoning of triangle unstrctured grid, building region is not
Participate in subdivision, control line of the contour line as mesh generation.After the completion of subdivision, contour of building line is by discrete as multiple new
Which element sides the element sides of the triangular element of generation, building rain pipe fall in in the subpoint of horizontal plane, which side
Then it is defined as connecting building object and connects side with the confluence on ordinary municipal ground.
(3) the roof catchment area of every rain pipe is calculated.
(4) calculate the discharge process on every confluence connection side: the rainfall runoff of top of building is corresponding by rain pipe
Confluence connection side enters grid cell, shown in the discharge process of the stream out such as formula (1) of every rainwater pipe end:
Qk(t)=I (t- τ) * Ak (1)
Wherein, QkIt (t) is kth root storm outfall discharge process；T is time variable；τ is that top of building arrives ground
The average concentration time, it is expressed as τ=τ1+τ2, τ1The plane concentration time of gathering ground, τ are corresponded to for rain pipe2It is vertical for rain pipe
Concentration time；I is rainfall intensity；AkFor the catchment area of kth root rain pipe.
(5) setting calculates primary condition: carrying out elevation to triangular mesh node and the grid type heart using terrain data and inserts
Value obtains gridded elevation data；Roughness is set to each grid and primary condition, initial flow rate and the depth of water are disposed as 0.
(6) two dimension rainwash in city calculates: using the Godunov modeling city based on full two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations
Area's two dimension earth's surface runoff process, each item confluence connect the Q at sidek(t) as the flow boundary condition treatment of each corresponding unit, this
Sample not only can guarantee the runoff conservation of mass characteristic of building region, but also can consider the momentum shadow of rainwater pipe end water flow itself
It rings.Rainfall in common ground grid cell as source item processing, earth's surface Process of Confluence directly adopt two-dimentional Godunov model into
Row simulation.
Further preferred scheme are as follows: city terrain data and building, street landforms geometrical characteristic number are obtained in step (1)
According to scale bar is 1:2000 or 1:2000 or more.
Further, step (2) zoning it is discrete in, for guarantee numerical stability, zoning contour of building
The subdivision scale of line is no more than 5m.
It further,, then can be according to D8 algorithm meter if there is detailed top of building altitude data in step (3)
Calculate the catchment area of every rain pipe；If the catchment area of top of building can be evenly distributed to without roof altitude data
Every rain pipe.
Further, during step (6) city two dimension rainwash calculates, used model is based on full two-dimensional shallow water
The Godunov model of equation group, shown in the conservation form such as formula (2) of governing equation used by the model:
Wherein:
H is the depth of water, u,vThe flow velocity in the direction respectively x, y, t are the time,The unit vector in the direction respectively x, y；
The gradient in the direction respectively x, y, ZbFor ground elevation, g is acceleration of gravity；
The frictional resistance item in the direction respectively x, y, wherein n be
Manning roughness coefficien, r are net rainfall source item, are obtained by rainfall data by Runoff calculation；
In a model, boundary flux is calculated using Roe format, source terms direct integral is handled, and frictional resistance item is implicit using half
Processing method, the model can capture city overland runoff movement details, as crossroad water flow interaction occur fluidised form
The roll wave etc. occurred at variation and the larger road of the gradient.
Further, the discharge process Q during step (6) city two dimension rainwash calculates, at processing connection sidek(t)
When, the numerical flux at confluence connection side, formula such as formula (3) institute are passed through using the Approximate Riemann Solution direct solution of Roe format
Show:
Wherein, F*N is the numerical flux by confluence connection side exterior normal direction；h*,u*,v*The respectively connection side
The depth of water, the direction x flow velocity and the direction the y flow velocity of midpoint；nx, nyRespectively confluence connection side exterior normal unit vector in the direction x and
The component in the direction y；G is acceleration of gravity.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
In the present invention, fully consider that urban architecture object Process of Confluence is different from city common ground Process of Confluence special
Point distinguishes building with common ground in mesh generation, and building region is not involved in mesh generation, by rain
Grid cell corresponding to water pipe is when being defined as connection (connecting building object and common ground), the discharge process of storm outfall
As the flow BORDER PROCESSING of connection side corresponding unit, the rainfall in common grid is handled as source item, the water flow fortune in grid
Dynamic to be simulated using two dimension Godunov model, this way can fully ensure that water whole when city flood process calculates
Conservation of mass characteristic is measured, while influence of the consideration storm outfall water flowing value to surface runoff that again can be fine.In the present invention
In, it is fine can preferably to simulate city for the distinguishing difference for considering building confluence and city common ground Process of Confluence
The earth's surface Process of Confluence of change improves the precision of existing urban flooding process simulation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method flow diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is city rainwash number two dimension value analogy method schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing 1 and attached drawing 2 invention is further described in detail.
The present invention is a kind of city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method of consideration building confluence feature, is fully considered
The difference of building confluence and common ground confluence and contact that (i.e. the rainfall-runoff process of top of building is usually logical in city
Crossing after storm sewer flows on the ground around building, then come during participating in city ground confluence) Lai Jinhang is more smart
True city rainwash numerical process simulation.This method mainly comprises the steps that
(1) the landforms geometrical characteristic data such as the detailed terrain data in city and building (data containing rain pipe), street are obtained,
000 or more half size scale (contains 1:2000).
(2) zoning is discrete: using the discrete city zoning of triangle unstrctured grid, building region is not
Participate in subdivision, control boundary line of the contour line as mesh generation.After the completion of subdivision, contour of building line is by discrete as more
Which element sides the element sides of a newly-generated triangular element, building rain pipe fall in in the subpoint of horizontal plane, which
When being then defined as connecting building object and being connected with the confluence on ordinary municipal ground.To guarantee numerical stability, building
The subdivision scale of zoning contour line is no more than 5m.
(3) the roof catchment area of every rain pipe is calculated:, then can be with if there is detailed top of building altitude data
The catchment area of every rain pipe is calculated according to D8 algorithm；If, can be by the gathering surface of top of building without roof altitude data
Product is evenly distributed to every rain pipe.
(4) calculate the discharge process on every confluence connection side: the rainfall runoff of top of building is corresponding by rain pipe
Confluence connection side enters grid cell, shown in the discharge process of the stream out such as formula (1) of every rainwater pipe end:
Qk(t)=I (t- τ) * Ak (1)
Wherein, QkIt (t) is kth root storm outfall discharge process；T is time variable；τ is that top of building arrives ground
The average concentration time, it is expressed as τ=τ1+τ2, τ1The plane concentration time of gathering ground, τ are corresponded to for rain pipe2It is vertical for rain pipe
Concentration time；I is rainfall intensity；AkFor the catchment area of kth root rain pipe.
(5) setting calculates primary condition: carrying out elevation to triangular mesh node and the grid type heart using terrain data and inserts
Value obtains gridded elevation data；Roughness is set to each grid and primary condition, initial flow rate and the depth of water are disposed as 0.
(6) two dimension rainwash in city calculates: using the Godunov modeling city based on full two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations
Area's two dimension earth's surface runoff process, each item confluence connect the Q at sidek(t) as the flow boundary condition treatment of each corresponding unit, this
Sample not only can guarantee the runoff conservation of mass characteristic of building region, but also can consider the momentum shadow of rainwater pipe end water flow itself
It rings.Rainfall in common ground grid cell as source item processing, earth's surface Process of Confluence directly adopt two-dimentional Godunov model into
Row simulation.
Godunov model based on full two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations, the conservation form of governing equation used by the model
As shown in formula (2):
Wherein:
H is the depth of water, and u, v are respectively x, and the flow velocity in the direction y, t is the time,The unit vector in the direction respectively x, y；
The gradient in the direction respectively x, y, ZbFor ground elevation, g is acceleration of gravity；
The frictional resistance item in the direction respectively x, y, wherein n be
Manning roughness coefficien, r are net rainfall source item, are obtained by rainfall data by Runoff calculation；
In a model, boundary flux is calculated using Roe format, source terms direct integral is handled, and frictional resistance item is implicit using half
Processing method, the model can capture city overland runoff movement details, as crossroad water flow interaction occur fluidised form
The roll wave etc. occurred at variation and the larger road of the gradient.Specific model construction process may refer to following document (Zhang Dawei,
Basin rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation Journal of Hydraulic Engineering of Quan Jin, Ma Jianming, the Xiang Liyun based on Godunov format, 2018,49
(7): 787-794.)
Discharge process Q at processing connection sidek(t) logical using the Approximate Riemann Solution direct solution of Roe format when
The numerical flux at confluence connection side is crossed, shown in formula such as formula (3):
Wherein, F*N is the numerical flux by confluence connection side exterior normal direction；h*,u*,v*The respectively connection side
The depth of water, the direction x flow velocity and the direction the y flow velocity of midpoint；nx, nyRespectively confluence connection side exterior normal unit vector in the direction x and
The component in the direction y；G is acceleration of gravity.
The above embodiments are only that part of the invention is embodied, and can not cover whole of the invention, in above-described embodiment
And on the basis of attached drawing, those skilled in the art can get more embodiment party without creative efforts
Formula, therefore the embodiment obtained under the premise of these do not make the creative labor should be included in protection scope of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of city rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method, it is characterised in that:
The following steps are included:
(1) city terrain data and building, street landforms geometrical characteristic data are obtained, building landforms geometrical characteristic data include rain
Water pipe data；
(2) zoning is discrete: using the discrete city zoning of triangle unstrctured grid, building region is not involved in
Subdivision, control boundary line of the contour of building line as mesh generation；After the completion of subdivision, contour of building line is by discrete as more
The element sides of a newly-generated triangular element, the element sides that building rain pipe is fallen in the subpoint of horizontal plane are defined
Side is connected with the confluence on ordinary municipal ground for connecting building object；
(3) the roof catchment area of every rain pipe is calculated；
(4) calculate the flow overcurrent on every confluence connection side: the rainfall runoff of top of building passes through the corresponding confluence of rain pipe
Connection side enters grid cell, shown in the discharge process of the stream out such as formula (1) of every rainwater pipe end:
Qk(t)=I (t- τ) * Ak (1)
Wherein, QkIt (t) is kth root storm outfall discharge process；T is time variable；τ is top of building being averaged to ground
Concentration time is expressed as τ=τ1+τ2, τ1The plane concentration time of gathering ground, τ are corresponded to for rain pipe2For the vertical remittance of rain pipe
Flow the time；I is rainfall intensity；AkFor the corresponding catchment area of kth root rain pipe；
(5) setting calculates primary condition: carrying out elevation interpolation to triangular mesh node and the grid type heart using terrain data, obtains
Take gridded elevation data；Roughness is set to each grid and primary condition, initial flow rate and the depth of water are disposed as 0；
(6) two dimension rainwash in city calculates: using the Godunov modeling city two based on full two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations
Tie up rainwash process, the Q at each item confluence connection sidek(t) it is used as each corresponding unit flow boundary condition treatment；Common ground
As source item processing, earth's surface Process of Confluence directlys adopt two-dimentional Godunov model and is simulated for rainfall in grid cell.
2. rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
City terrain data and building, street landforms geometrical characteristic data are obtained in step (1), scale bar is 1:2000 or 1:
2000 or more.
3. rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) calculates
In discrete region, the subdivision scale of zoning contour of building line is no more than 5m.
4. rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: if there is building
Cope level data then calculate the catchment area of every rain pipe according to D8 algorithm；If, will building without roof altitude data
Catchment area at the top of object is evenly distributed to every rain pipe.
5. rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (6) city
During two-dimentional rainwash calculates, used model is the Godunov model based on full two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations, the model
Shown in the conservation form such as formula (2) of the governing equation group of use:
Wherein:
H is the depth of water, and u, v are respectively x, and the flow velocity in the direction y, t is the time,The unit vector in the direction respectively x, y；
The gradient in the direction respectively x, y, ZbFor ground elevation, g is acceleration of gravity；
The frictional resistance item in the direction respectively x, y, wherein n is that Manning is rough
Rate coefficient, r are net rainfall source item, are obtained by rainfall data by Runoff calculation.
6. rainwash Two-dimensional numerical simulation method in city according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (6) city
Discharge process Q during two-dimentional rainwash calculates, at processing connection sidek(t) when, the approximation of Roe format is directlyed adopt
Riemann solution is solved by the numerical flux at confluence connection side, shown in formula such as formula (3):
Wherein, F*N is the numerical flux by confluence connection side normal direction；h*,u*,v*The respectively connection side midpoint
The depth of water, the direction x flow velocity and the direction y flow velocity；nx, nyRespectively confluence connection side exterior normal unit vector is in the direction x and the direction y
Component；G is acceleration of gravity.
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