CN105894116A - River basin cascade reservoir and detention and retarding basin joint scheduling method - Google Patents

River basin cascade reservoir and detention and retarding basin joint scheduling method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105894116A
CN105894116A CN201610202921.5A CN201610202921A CN105894116A CN 105894116 A CN105894116 A CN 105894116A CN 201610202921 A CN201610202921 A CN 201610202921A CN 105894116 A CN105894116 A CN 105894116A
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flood
basin
detention
reservoir
storage
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郭生练
钟逸轩
李立平
刘章君
陈柯兵
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Wuhan University WHU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping

Abstract

A river basin cascade reservoir and detention and retarding basin joint scheduling method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting the basic data of a river basin; S2, drawing a river basin flood risk chart and dividing risk areas; S3, acquiring precipitation, runoff forecast data and reservoir operation data of reservoirs and ranges in real time; S4, by taking the forecast and operation data in S3 as input, establishing and solving a reservoir group and detention and retarding basin joint real-time scheduling multi-objective optimization model; and S5, enabling detention and retarding basin compensation calculation. The method can give full play to the flood control and economical benefits of detention and retarding basins, and can be widely used in reservoir group and detention and retarding basin joint scheduling. Sustainable development of detention and retarding basins is taken into full consideration by enabling a compensation mechanism. A new scientific decision-making approach is provided for river basin flood control scheduling.

Description

A kind of cascaded reservoirs and flood storage and detention basin combined scheduling method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Flood Control Dispatch technical field, particularly to a kind of cascaded reservoirs and flood storage and detention basin combined dispatching Method.
Background technology
China is to be invaded and harassed one of country the most frequent and serious by flood in the world, and many rivers have peak height amount Greatly, feature that ZT-1 bio-fertilizer is big, and generally there is the problem that flood discharge capacity is not enough in main river course, coordinates dyke building to be typically only capable to The flood control standard that reaches to meet for 10～30 years one (Liu Shukun. external flood control and disaster reduction trend analysis [J]. Science And Technology of Water Resources enters Exhibition, 2000,20 (1): 2-9.).For a long time, China's Flood Prevention System using reservoir as core component, reservoir is also The most actively flood control measure, currently mainly great rivers are the most built multi-reservoir.But, super standard flood and thunder bolt Be have the most probabilistic, simply by increasing dam height, increase the method such as storage capacity, the most uneconomical the most not Science, does not possess feasibility.
Flood storage and detention basin is the important component part of Flood Prevention System, " flood control law " existing according to China and " flood storage and detention District's design specification ", flood storage and detention basin (Detention and Retarding Basin) refers to flood diversion outfall at the interior river levee back of the body Interim storage flood or the low laying areas at point flood discharge peak and lake etc. beyond the water surface, including flood flowing district, flood-diversion area, flood storage areas, stagnant Four, district of flood ingredient." flood storage and detention basin, the whole nation is built and management planning " that Ministry of Water Resources issues explicitly points out, current China master Dynamic flood control measure is based on reservoir, and flood storage and detention basin design storage capacity in most of the cases cannot be utilized effectively, on the contrary Also needing to infusion of financial resources and carry out regular maintenance, this is in fact causing the idle of flood control resource and waste；Soil, flood storage and detention basin Fertile, aboundresources and be chronically at idle state, part flood storage and detention basin is the most excessively developed, and the ability of the flood that causes regulating and storing is big Big reduction；The construction of flood storage and detention basin is delayed with management, and safety devices, flood facility also wretched insufficiency of retreating, flood storage and detention basin becomes Link extremely weak in Flood Prevention System, it is impossible to meet the flood control needs under conditions present.Flood storage and detention basin is theoretically and solves Certainly the contradiction between permanent flood control works and provisional extraodinary flood provides good approach, but it is sent out in practice The effect waved is the most extremely limited.
Flood storage and detention basin is used as to assist reservoir step to be used when super standard flood occurs by existing Flood Control Dispatch rule mostly, as In " Three Gorges (properly functioning phase) the Gezhouba Water Control Project cascade operation code " of Ministry of Water Resources's reply in 2015, only at Three Gorges Reservoir Area Water level just considers integrated use flood storage and detention basin in the case of being positioned at 171.0m～175.0m.Additionally, existing, " flood storage and detention basin uses and mends Repay Tentative Measures " in practice exist implement difficulty, loss estimating inaccurate, compensate work carry out the problems such as the most smooth, Cause policymaker that flood storage and detention basin is enabled and hold more conservative attitude.Existing flood storage and detention basin enable standard arrange too high, enable benefit Repay difficult implementing, be to restrict the key factor that Cascade Reservoirs in flood season emerging profit benefit gives full play to, there is bigger defect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency overcoming prior art to exist, it is provided that a kind of cascaded reservoirs joins with flood storage and detention basin Close dispatching method.
One cascaded reservoirs of the present invention and flood storage and detention basin combined scheduling method, comprise the steps:
Step 1, basin basic data is collected；
Step 2, Flood Prevention risk map is drawn and risk area divides；
Step 3, obtains each reservoir and the precipitation in interval, Runoff Forecast data and reservoir service data in real time；
Step 4, using the forecast of step 3 and service data as input, sets up and solves multi-reservoir and combine with flood storage and detention basin Real-Time Scheduling Model for Multi-Objective Optimization；
Step 5, flood storage and detention basin enables compensation calculation.
Described step 1 specifically includes collection reservoir and becomes a mandarin situation, scheduling rule and flood-preventing goal；Flood storage and detention basin information is adjusted Look into, including basin Back ground Information, socio-economic conditions, Water-related Project generaI investigation, historical flood investigation, hazardous area investigation, weigh along the river Want market town, village detailed survey, important control section to measure, divide flood storage conditions for use and history application.
In described step 2, use GIS technology to combine hydrodynamic model, be calculated Flood Prevention risk map；According to flood control Risk map watershed carries out risk area division, is divided into severe risk area, moderate wind danger zone, slight risks district three class；For difference Subregion takes different flood storage and detention basins policy；Flood diversion traffic camouflaging process in flood storage and detention basin uses two dimension Hydrodynamic Model to calculate.
Described step 4 choose schedule periods reservoir step exert oneself maximum, abandon least amount of water, flood storage and detention basin flood diversion loss reduction make It is three targets.
The compensation calculation that enables in described step 5 uses classification flood losses estimation algorithm；Compensation fund source is according to step 2 Fire risk district, be divided three classes: the failure of consideration of severe risk area；Moderate wind danger zone is compensated by insurance company；Slight risks district by Government's special project financial subsidies.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1, flood storage and detention basin is included in conventional Flood Control Dispatch work, make idle flood control resource be fully used, ensureing On the premise of flood-preventing goal safety, increase the comprehensive utilization benefit in basin；
2, propose flood storage and detention basin partition scheme, flood risk according to difference and flood storage and detention basin is carried out subregion, difference is divided District takes different measure, while improving flood control utilization of resources benefit, decreases the flood diversion loss of flood storage and detention basin；
3, establish the multi-reservoir considering watermark protocol forecast data and flood storage and detention basin joint optimal operation model, have stronger Practicality with scientific.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the particular flow sheet of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is multi-reservoir and flood storage and detention basin system schematic.
Fig. 3 is that the risk area of flood storage and detention basin divides schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is multi-objective genetic algorithm flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the particular flow sheet of this method, specifically comprises the following steps that
Step 1, basin basic data is collected.Become a mandarin situation, scheduling rule, flood-preventing goal etc. including reservoir；Flood storage and detention basin Information investigation, including basin Back ground Information, socio-economic conditions, Water-related Project generaI investigation, historical flood investigation, hazardous area investigation, Market town, the most important village detailed survey, important control section are measured, point flood storage conditions for use, history application etc.；
Step 1 is conventional steps in the art.
Step 2, Flood Prevention risk map is drawn and risk area divides.Use GIS technology to combine hydrodynamic model, calculate Obtain Flood Prevention risk map.Carry out risk area division according to flood risk chart watershed, be broadly divided into severe risk area, in Degree risk area, slight risks district three class.Different flood storage and detention basins policy is taked for different subregions.
The evolution process of flood diversion flow in employing two dimension hydrodynamic model simulation flood storage and detention basin in step 2:
(1) continuity equation:
∂ Z ∂ t + ∂ u H ∂ x + ∂ v H ∂ y = 0 - - - ( 0.1 )
(2) equation of momentum:
∂ u H ∂ t + ∂ u u H ∂ x + ∂ u v H ∂ y = - f v H - g H ∂ Z ∂ x + ∂ ∂ x ( ν t H ∂ u ∂ x ) + ∂ ∂ y ( ν t H ∂ u ∂ y ) - g u u 2 + v 2 C 2 - - - ( 0.2 )
∂ v H ∂ t + ∂ u v H ∂ x + ∂ v v H ∂ y = - f u H - g H ∂ Z ∂ y + ∂ ∂ x ( ν t H ∂ v ∂ x ) + ∂ ∂ y ( ν t H ∂ v ∂ y ) - g v u 2 + v 2 C 2 - - - ( 0.3 )
In formula: H, Z are respectively the depth of water and water level (m)；U, v are respectively the flow velocity (m on x, y direction3/s)；νtExpand for turbulent fluctuation Dissipate coefficient (m2/s)；C, can be by C=R for thanking to just coefficient1/6/ n is calculated, and wherein R is hydraulic radius (m), and n is bed roughness； F is Corrioli's effect and hasWhereinFor rotational-angular velocity of the earth,For calculating the geographic latitude at place, waters；G is Acceleration of gravity (m/s2)。
Solve above equation group and can obtain during flood diversion the maximum depth of immersion of each point in flood storage and detention basin.Take design frequency to divide Under mighty torrent amount process condition, the peak level that in district, each point reached is as its depth of immersion.
Risk area in step 2 divides with reference to " flood risk mapping establishment technique detailed rules and regulations " and considers that different depth of immersion may The extent of damage caused, will drown out the degree of depth>area of 2.0m is set to severe risk area, 0.5m～2.0m is set to severe risk area,< 0.5m is set to slight risks district.Following policy is taked respectively for the risk area of three types:
(1) severe risk area: this region belongs to flood storage and detention basin and enables the area necessarily flooded, and depth of the water submerging is relatively big, makes The harm become is higher, it should strictly limit its development.The former land user of government's disposable compensation should be taked for this district, will It is regained completely, the general uncompensation of loss causing this region endogenous cause of ill flood diversion.
(2) moderate wind danger zone: this region can be flooded when the flood diversion event that generation magnitude is bigger, but loss is still located In controlled range.Flood insurance system practicable for this region, suitably imposes insurance, and is born by the insurance fund set up Duty undertakes reparation, to alleviate government finance pressure, ensures resident's security of the lives and property.
(3) slight risks district: this region suffers flood diversion loss probability loss that is extremely low or that cause the slightest.For This region, owing to its expected shortfall is the lowest, can be unified financial subsidies without paying flood when meeting with loss by government Insurance premium.
Step 3, obtains each reservoir and the precipitation in interval, Runoff Forecast and reservoir service data in real time.Mainly by respectively The watermark protocol of the watersheds such as class hydrometeorology model, remotely-sensed data forecasts.
The realization of step 3 has possessed mature technology, does not repeats at this.
Step 4, using step 3 forecast with reservoir service data as input, sets up and solves multi-reservoir and join with flood storage and detention basin Close Real-Time Scheduling Model for Multi-Objective Optimization.Optimized algorithm is used to judge whether to enable flood storage and detention basin, corresponding flood diversion flow and water Storehouse group's Real-Time Scheduling process.
Object function:
(1) step reservoir emerging profit benefit is maximum:
max E = &Sigma; t = 1 T ( &Sigma; i = 1 n N i ( t ) ) &CenterDot; &Delta; t , N i ( t ) = K i Q i ( t ) H i ( t ) - - - ( 0.4 )
In formula: hop count when T is valid time；N is step reservoir number；NiT () is that i-th reservoir is in the t period Exert oneself, be power factor Ki, generating flow Qi(t), average productive head HiThe product of (t)；Δ t is that calculation interval is long.
(2) water yield is abandoned minimum:
m i n &Sigma; i = 1 n &Sigma; t = 1 T Q w , i ( t ) &CenterDot; &Delta; t - - - ( 0.5 )
In formula: Qw,i(t) be i-th t the period of reservoir abandon the water yield；Remaining is every ditto.
(3) flood storage and detention basin flood diversion loss reduction:
minΙ·FSx+Sx(Zx,max) (0.6)
In formula: I is indicator variable, if enabling flood storage and detention basin, being 1, being otherwise 0；FSxFor fixing that flood storage and detention basin enables Expenditure, for constant；Sx() is flood storage and detention basin loss function, for flooding maximum Z in schedule periodsx,maxFunction；Remaining is every Ditto.
Constraints:
(1) water balance constraint:
Vi(t)=Vi(t-1)+(Qi(t)-Qout,i(t)-EPi(t))·Δt (0.7)
(2) reservoir and flood storage and detention basin restriction of water level:
ZLi(t)≤Zi(t)≤ZUi(t) (0.8)
(3) storage outflow constraint:
QLi(t)≤Qout,i(t)≤QUi(t) (0.9)
(4) upstream and downstream hydraulic connection (Muskingun method):
Qin,i+1(t)=C0Qout,i(t)+C1Qout,i(t-τ)+C2Qin,i+1(t-τ)+Qqj,i(t) (0.10)
(5) flood storage and detention basin becomes a mandarin constraint:
QLx(t)≤Qx(t)≤QUx(t) (0.11)
(6) flow luffing constraint:
ΔQout,i(t)≤ΔQUi(t) (0.12)
(7) output of power station constraint:
N i ( t ) &le; NX i ( t ) PL i ( t ) &le; N i ( t ) &le; PU i ( t ) - - - ( 0.13 )
(8) nonnegativity restrictions:
Λ≥0 (0.14)
In formula: ViT () represents the water-retention volume of i-th t period of reservoir；QiT () represents the t period of i-th reservoir Reservoir inflow；Qout,iT () represents the average storage outflow of i-th t period of reservoir；EPiT () represents i-th reservoir t The water-retention loss of individual period；Segment length when Δ t is；Zi(t)、ZLi(t)、ZUiT () is respectively the water of i-th t period of reservoir Position, lower limit and upper limit water level；Zi(t)、ZLi(t)、ZUi(t) be respectively the water level of i-th t period of reservoir and lower limit thereof with The upper limit；Qout,i(t)、QLi(t)、QUiT () is respectively the storage outflow of i-th t period of reservoir and lower limit thereof and the upper limit； Qin,i(t), Qout,iT () is respectively becoming a mandarin and going out stream of i-th reservoir t period；C0, C1, C2For Muskingum parameter；τ is water When stream is propagated stagnant；Qqj,iT () is the local inflow of t period between i-th and i+1 reservoir；Qx(t)、QLx(t)、QUx(t) Being respectively inbound traffics and the bound thereof of t period of flood storage and detention basin, its lower limit flow is variable to be optimized, i.e. flood storage and detention basin The standard enabled；ΔQi(t) and Δ QUiT () is respectively flow luffing and the upper limit thereof of i-th t period of reservoir；Ni(t)、 PLi(t)、PUiT () is respectively the generated output of i-th t period of reservoir and lower limit thereof and the upper limit；NXiT () is i-th water The anticipation of t period of storehouse is exerted oneself；Λ represents one variable of any of the above.
Above multi-objective optimization question can use dynamic programming, genetic algorithm, particle cluster algorithm etc. to solve.Actual application Time be converted into the methods such as constraints usually through penalty function method, partial target and multi-objective optimization question is turned to single object optimization ask Topic solves, or asks and calculate one group of Noninferior Solution Set for policymaker's reference.Optimization problem field is described below achieve extensively The multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) of general application:
(1) take evolutionary generation n=1000, stochastic generation m group feasible solution, be designated as Wherein Each group of feasible solution comprises each reservoir of step and the storage outflow process of flood storage and detention basin in leading time；
(2) fitness of each group of solution is calculated.Taking object function is basin comprehensive benefit in fitness, i.e. schedule periods, calculates Obtain each group of fitness corresponding to solution, be designated as:The most each fitness is by each target One vector of functional value composition；
(3) NSGA-II individual selection step, is divided into again three sub-steps:
The first step: quickly non-dominated ranking operator design.First group of non-dominant disaggregation is found out, its sequence from all individualities It is designated as 1, and goes to be removed from population；Continually looking for the non-dominant disaggregation in new population, its sequence is designated as 2, and from population Go to be removed；Carry out successively being layered by all for initial population individualities, and obtain the non-dominated ranking number of each individuality；
Second step: individual crowding distance operator design.For the individuality of same layer, making it initialize distance is L [i]d= 0, and arrange according to jth target function value ascending order, for first with last is individual, make its crowding distance be one relatively Big several W, other individualities seek crowding distance according to the following formula:
L &lsqb; i &rsqb; d = L &lsqb; i &rsqb; d + ( f &lsqb; i + 1 &rsqb; m - f &lsqb; i - 1 &rsqb; m ) / ( f m max - f m min ) - - - ( 0.15 )
In formula: f [i]mRepresent the m-th target function value that i-th is individual；WithIt is respectively m-th object function The maximin of value.
3rd step: elitism strategy selection opertor designs.For preventing the optimal solution in this generation Pareto forward position from losing, retain this The defect individual in generation makes it be directly entered filial generation, i.e. successively flood individuality is added new population according to non-dominated ranking number, until I-th layer adds membership and causes number of individuals to exceed population scale, then take i-th layer of front s according to crowding distance descending so that individual Body number meets population scale just.
(4) with certain probability, the k group feasible solution obtained in (3) is matched two-by-two, intersect, generate new k group and solve；
(5) newly-generated m-k group feasible solution in feasible zone, is designated asWith k group in (4) Solve and form new colony:
(6) k group new in (5) is solved, make it morph with the probability of p=0.05, obtain
(7) recalculate the fitness of new colony, and compare, if meeting convergence standard with prior-generation colony fitness Then: | F(i+1)-F(i)| ＜ ε, then stopping calculating, otherwise continuing (3)～(7) step, until meeting convergence criterion or iterations reaches Evolutionary generation n time.
(8) take to meet and stop in the case of convergence criterion in the colony after calculating, ground floor non-dominant disaggregation as optimal solution, One of them is chosen according to actual needs as actual schedule process by policymaker.
Step 5, flood storage and detention basin enables compensation calculation.
The compensation calculation that enables in step 5 uses the classification flood losses estimation algorithm of Ministry of Water Resources's proposition, by flood storage and detention In district, resident provides " resident's property registration in flood storage and detention basin is verified and compensated table ", compensates three according to plantation of ploughing, forestry compensation, fishery Price per mu in big class statistics flood storage and detention basin, the loss estimating offer foundation after enabling for flood storage and detention basin:
C=a1·Agr+a2·Plt+a3·Fis (0.16)
In formula: a1, a2, a3For agricultural, forestry, fishery disaster area (mu), by the two-dimentional hydrodynamic model in step 3 Simulation flood diversion traffic camouflaging process is calculated；Agr, Plt, Fis plough in being respectively the flood storage and detention basin of early stage statistics, woods Industry, fishery price per mu value.
Wherein, in step 2, the disaster area of severe risk area is not counted in compensation area, the most not provides compensation；Moderate wind The loss of danger zone is provided with funds compensation by insurance company；The loss in slight risks district is by government's special project financial subsidies.

Claims (5)

1. a cascaded reservoirs and flood storage and detention basin combined scheduling method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step 1, basin basic data is collected；
Step 2, Flood Prevention risk map is drawn and risk area divides；
Step 3, obtains each reservoir and the precipitation in interval, Runoff Forecast data and reservoir service data in real time；
Step 4, using the forecast of step 3 and service data as input, sets up and solves multi-reservoir and combine in real time with flood storage and detention basin Scheduling Model for Multi-Objective Optimization；
Step 5, flood storage and detention basin enables compensation calculation.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 1 specifically includes collection reservoir and becomes a mandarin situation, scheduling Rule and flood-preventing goal；Flood storage and detention basin information investigation, including basin Back ground Information, socio-economic conditions, Water-related Project generaI investigation, goes through History flood investigation, hazardous area investigation, market town, the most important village detailed survey, important control section are measured, point flood storage conditions for use and History application.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step 2, use GIS technology to combine hydrodynamic model, It is calculated Flood Prevention risk map；Carry out risk area division according to flood risk chart watershed, be divided into severe risk area, moderate Risk area, slight risks district three class；Different flood storage and detention basins policy is taked for different subregions；Flood storage and detention basin flood diversion traffic camouflaging mistake Cheng Caiyong two dimension Hydrodynamic Model calculates.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 4 choose schedule periods reservoir step exert oneself maximum, abandon Least amount of water, flood storage and detention basin flood diversion loss reduction are as three targets.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: the compensation calculation that enables in described step 5 uses classification flood Loss estimating method；Compensation fund source, according to the fire risk district of step 2, is divided three classes: the failure of consideration of severe risk area；Moderate wind Danger zone is compensated by insurance company；Slight risks district is by government's special project financial subsidies.
CN201610202921.5A 2016-03-31 2016-03-31 River basin cascade reservoir and detention and retarding basin joint scheduling method Pending CN105894116A (en)

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CN106845712B (en) * 2017-01-20 2018-05-11 中国水利水电科学研究院 The extracting method of scheduling rule is decomposed in polymerization towards big system multi-reservoir
CN106845712A (en) * 2017-01-20 2017-06-13 中国水利水电科学研究院 The extracting method of scheduling rule is decomposed in polymerization towards big system multi-reservoir
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Application publication date: 20160824