CN105740812B - A kind of city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model - Google Patents
A kind of city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model that the invention discloses a kind of, true flow direction is carried out to urban DSM first to calculate, obtain flow graph, then EXIT POINT extraction is carried out according to flow graph and DSM grid point heights, the growth of watershed is carried out on the basis of the EXIT POINT that extraction obtains, and watershed boundary point sequence is recorded, the merger of watershed is carried out according to the water storage depth of setting or rainfall threshold value later, and update the boundary point sequence after merger.The final result for obtaining watershed vector as city charge for remittance Division is finally converted and is exported on the boundary of each watershed.Invention compared with the conventional method, more can adapt to the urban area that building is various, surface relief situation is complicated, earth's surface and terrain differences are larger；And computational methods are flowed to using new, the local flat region of urban area is more suitable for, the merger of watershed can also be carried out according to water storage depth or precipitation, applicability is stronger.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to urban waterlogging monitoring and warning technical fields, are related to a kind of city charge for remittance based on digital surface model
Area's extracting method.
Background technology
Digital surface model (Digital Surface Model, abbreviation DSM) is discrete to one kind of earth surface form
The fields such as the mathematical notation of change and basin and flood carry out one of the core data of hydrological analysis.Water catchment area or gathering ground
Domain, receiving basin, drainage basin refer to rainwash or are flowed through during other substances converge to a common water outlet
Earth surface area.Water catchment area is the basic unit of hydrological analysis, in flood analysis, digital Terrain Analysis, mapping and engineering design
Suffer from important application.Therefore water catchment area always is waterlogging monitoring and warning technology one is automatically and efficiently extracted from DSM
A important topic.
Existing extracting method can be divided into two major classes from use data：Based on grid and it is based on irregular triangle network
(Triangulated Irregular Network, abbreviation TIN).Wherein, water catchment area extraction algorithm based on grid is more, and
The overwhelming majority is all based on digital elevation model (Digital Elevation in extraction research in water catchment area based on grid
Model, vehicle economy M), such as based on rainwash cross flow model, based on rectangular window scan DEM model and some be based on
The algorithm of water (flow) direction, such as more flow direction algorithms, DEMON methods, Burn in algorithms, Dinf methods, Dco methods, Freeman methods, however
These algorithm and models have prodigious unworthiness, Duke etc. to be carried for city Plain charge for remittance Division city plains region
RIDEM models are gone out, left person of outstanding talent etc. is improved in RIDEM, but does not consider urban architecture object to confluence yet in the application
It influences, there is certain limitation, this is also based on where the difficult point and limitation of DEM extractions city water catchment area.Based on irregular
The method of the triangulation network have Liu Xuejun propose the extraction of drainage algorithm based on irregular triangle network, Zhou Qiming propose based on triangle
The DEM of shape simulates surface flow path, and Wu Lixin proposes a kind of charge for remittance limited region dividing method etc. based on triangle musculus cutaneus, base
There is high-precision advantage in description natural terrain form in the method for irregular triangle network, but for this more rules in city
The expression in building area has certain defect, and is not suitable for.Two kinds of data respectively have advantage and disadvantage, and raster data structure is simple,
Algorithm process is convenient, but relatively low using digital elevation model precision, not good enough for some complicated landform expression effects so as to carry
Take result not fine enough；And irregular triangle network can more accurately express real terrain, but because data structure is complicated,
Cause algorithm process inconvenient, is not studied widely, and in the numerous City surface forms of display rule building
On there is certain defects, it is more difficult to carry out the extraction of water catchment area.
In conclusion simply and easily raster data is mostly based in the extraction algorithm of water catchment area at present, wherein based on DEM's
The overwhelming majority is accounted for, the method based on digital surface model data (Digital Surface Model, abbreviation DSM) is extremely rare,
And urban area is with a varied topography, earth's surface building is various, and the extracting method based on DEM is difficult to the shadow for considering complex building to water catchment area
It rings, the watershed extraction that cannot meet city requires.And based on the method for TIN there are certain defect in city indicates,
And too complex, research is few, and there are no ripe solution, the extractions of more unsuitable large area city watershed.
Invention content
For existing water catchment area extracting method mainly for the watershed obtained in hypsography, and it is not suitable for earth's surface
Various, the shortcomings that earth's surface differs larger urban area watershed extraction with landform is built, the object of the present invention is to provide one
The method that kind extracts watershed from the high-precision DSM of city, can obtain in city digital surface model complicated and changeable
Watershed.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model,
It is characterized in that, includes the following steps：
Step 1：True flow direction calculates；
All DSM grid points are traversed, the true flow direction of each grid points is calculated；
Step 2：EXIT POINT extracts；
It finds out all flow directions to be directed toward itself and be the point of local minimum, and is numbered, as preliminary water catchment area
Number；
Step 3：Water catchment area increases；
Using EXIT POINT as the seed point of watershed, the water catchment area point is added in the grid points that flow direction is directed toward to the water catchment area
Sequence, and loop iteration is carried out, expand watershed range, until all water catchment area areas no longer change；
Step 4：Water catchment area merger；
Maximum water storage depth and maximum moisture storage capacity calculated to each water catchment area first, and according to given water storage depth or
Precipitation threshold value carries out water catchment area merger；
Step 5：It extracts water catchment area；
To water catchment area boundary into line trace, the vector for obtaining each water catchment area is exported.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of step 1 includes following sub-step：
Step 1.1：Point e to be calculated is compared with the elevation of surrounding eight neighborhood point, if surrounding eight neighborhood all the points
Elevation is all higher than or is equal to e point heights, then e points flow direction is directed toward itself, otherwise, minimum in the flow direction direction eight neighborhood point of e points
The flow direction of e points is temporarily set to point to itself by point if there is multiple minimum points；
Step 1.2：Flow direction judgement is carried out to all points using method described in step 1.1；
Step 1.3：The grid points that all flow directions are (0,0) are traversed if point flow direction is directed toward itself to judge around the point
Then the flow direction of eight neighborhood point carries out Vector modulation according to the flow direction of eight neighborhood around and obtains new flow direction, until all stream
To no longer changing.
Preferably, extracting EXIT POINT described in step 2, EXIT POINT is labeled as if meeting following two conditions：
Condition 1：The flow direction of the point is (0,0)；
Condition 2：The point is the point of local minimum；
To meeting condition 1, it is unsatisfactory for the point of condition 2, is flowed to any minimum point for being changed to point to its eight neighborhood；To full
The point of sufficient above-mentioned two condition is numbered successively, is numbered as preliminary water catchment area.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of step 3 includes following sub-step：
Step 3.1：The seed point that all EXIT POINTs are increased as water catchment area, and using the number of EXIT POINT as charge for remittance
The boundary point sequence of the water catchment area is added in the EXIT POINT by the number in area；
Step 3.2：The boundary point sequence of all water catchment areas is traversed successively according to number size, successively to the boundary point sequence
Each of point around grid points flow direction judged：
If flow direction is directed toward the boundary point, sets the water catchment area number of the grid points to the boundary point water catchment area and compile
Number, and the point is added to the boundary point sequence of the water catchment area, the boundary point is deleted from boundary point sequence after judgement, then
And the water catchment area of grid points number is changed to the number of the EXIT POINT；
Have water catchment area number if being put around the point, which is deleted from water outlet point sequence, then to next remittance
The boundary point sequence in pool is similarly operated, until all water catchment area boundary point sequence judgements finish；
Step 3.3：It repeats the above steps to new border sequence, until all water catchment area boundaries no longer change, owns
Water catchment area can not increase.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of step 4 includes following sub-step：
Step 4.1：Find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminWith the minimum point height value L of border sequencemin：
Step 4.2：The elevation value difference both acquired as water storage depth D,
D=Cmin-Lmin；
Step 4.3：Elevation value difference is less than given threshold value D0Water catchment area and water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminPlace
Adjacent another water catchment area merges, and recalculates water storage depth D, and iteration carries out, until the water storage depth D of all water catchment areas is big
In given threshold value D0。
Preferably, the specific implementation process of step 4 includes following sub-step：
Step 4.1：Find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminWith the minimum point height value L of border sequencemin：
Step 4.2：Then all height values in water catchment area are found and are less than or equal to LminGrid points, and by itself and Lmin's
Difference adds up, and accumulated value is finally multiplied by the maximum moisture storage capacity S that DSM grid points areas can be obtained each water catchment areamax；
Step 4.3：By judging water catchment area maximum moisture storage capacity SmaxDecide whether with the relationship of watershed precipitation P
Carry out water catchment area merger；
If Smax>P does not need merger then；
If Smax≤ P, then by the water catchment area and water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocate adjacent another water catchment area to return
And；
Wherein：
P=P0*A；Wherein P is watershed precipitation, P0For unit area precipitation, A is water catchment area area.
Compared with existing water catchment area extracting method, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) present invention compared with the conventional method, overcomes existing method and is directed to topography variation, is not suitable for earth's surface building
It is various, the shortcomings that earth's surface and terrain differences huge urban area, it can rise and fall from whole height difference violent, regional area is flat
Extraction obtains watershed in the DSM models of urban area.
2) present invention use it is new flow to computational methods, flow to computational methods, surrounding's lattice of consideration compared to more common
The influence that the flow direction of site flows to current mesh point, and the creative method using Vector modulation obtains complex situations flow direction
Judge, is suitable for the influences of the complex surfaces to water (flow) direction such as urban architecture.
3) watershed extracting method proposed by the present invention can carry out the merging of watershed, energy according to depth of accumulated water
The watershed under different degrees of precipitation event is enough simulated, meets the water catchment area extraction under different demands, there is stronger adaptation
Property.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the grid points and its 8 neighborhood schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow direction setting figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail, it should be understood that implementation example described herein is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Referring to Fig.1, a kind of city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model provided by the invention, including it is following
Step：
Step 1：True flow direction calculates；
All DSM grid points are traversed successively using the template of 3*3 as shown in Figure 2, first to central point e and week
The elevation for enclosing eight neighborhood point (e1~e8) is compared, and is handled according to following several situations and flow direction setting figure (Fig. 3)：
(1) elevation of e1~e8 is all higher than or is equal to e point heights, then e points flow direction is (0,0).
(2) there is the point less than e point heights in e1~e8, and only there are one minimum point, then it is minimum to be directed toward this for the flow direction of e points
Point, specific flow to determine according to fig. 3, if the flow direction of e is directed toward e1, flow direction is (1,0), other are similar determining.
(3) there is the point less than e point heights, and the minimum point for there are multiple elevations the same in e1~e8, then by the flow direction of e points
It is set as (0,0).
After waiting for that all points carry out flow direction judgement according to above method, then the grid that all flow directions are (0,0) is traversed
Point carries out flow direction synthesis, first determines whether the flow direction of eight neighborhood point around the point, then according to the flow direction of eight neighborhood around according to
The Adding law of amount carries out Vector modulation, then calculates the angle of the new vector and each flow direction vector of synthesis, takes angle most
Small flow direction vector is as new flow direction.Repetition flows to synthesis step, until all flow directions no longer change.
The addition formula of plane vector is：If a=(x1, y1), b=(x2, y2), then：
A+b=(x1+x2, y1+y2)；
Two non-vanishing vectors in known plane, a=(x1, y1), b=(x2, y2), then the angle α (a, b) between two vectors
Calculation formula is as follows：
Step 2：EXIT POINT extracts；
Using the template of a 3*3 to each point traverses in DSM, labeled as water outlet if meeting following two conditions
Point：
Condition 1：The flow direction of the point is (0,0)；
Condition 2：The point is the point of local minimum；
To meeting condition 1, it is unsatisfactory for the point of condition 2, is flowed to any minimum point for being changed to point to its eight neighborhood；To full
The point of sufficient above-mentioned two condition is numbered successively, is numbered as preliminary water catchment area.
Step 3：Water catchment area increases；
The seed point that all EXIT POINTs are increased as water catchment area, and the volume by the number of EXIT POINT as water catchment area
Number, which is added to the boundary point sequence of the water catchment area, traverses the boundary point of all water catchment areas successively according to number size
Sequence successively judges the grid points flow direction around each of boundary point sequence point, if flow direction is directed toward the boundary point,
It then sets the water catchment area of grid points number to boundary point water catchment area number, and the point is added to the boundary point of the water catchment area
Sequence deletes the boundary point from boundary point sequence after judgement.Then it and by the water catchment area of grid points number is changed to
The number of the EXIT POINT has water catchment area number if being put around the point, which is deleted from water outlet point sequence, then under
The boundary point sequence of one water catchment area is similarly operated, until all water catchment area boundary point sequence judgements finish.Then
It repeats the above steps to new border sequence, until all water catchment area boundaries no longer change, all water catchment areas can not increase.
Step 4：Water catchment area merger；
The minimum point height value C of each water catchment area is found firstminWith the minimum point height value L of border sequencemin, and acquire
Then elevation value difference is less than given threshold value D by the elevation value difference of the two as water storage depth D0Water catchment area and the water catchment area side
Boundary sequence minimum point LminLocate adjacent another water catchment area to merge, and recalculate water storage depth D, iteration carries out, until all remittances
The water storage depth D in pool is more than given threshold value.
D=Cmin-Lmin；
If given unit area precipitation P0, also can judge be by calculating the maximum moisture storage capacity of each water catchment area
No progress water catchment area merger.The computational methods of the maximum moisture storage capacity of water catchment area are as follows, find the minimum point of each water catchment area first
Height value CminWith the minimum point height value L of border sequencemin, then find all height values in water catchment area and be less than or equal to Lmin
Grid points, and by itself and LminDifference add up, finally by accumulated value be multiplied by DSM grid points areas can be obtained it is each
The maximum moisture storage capacity S of water catchment areamax, by judging water catchment area maximum moisture storage capacity SmaxIt determines with the relationship of watershed precipitation P
It is fixed whether to carry out water catchment area merger, if Smax>P does not need merger then, if Smax≤ P, then by the water catchment area and the water catchment area boundary
Sequence minimum point LminLocate adjacent another water catchment area merger.
P=P0*A；
Wherein P is watershed precipitation, P0For unit area precipitation, A is water catchment area area.
Step 5：Water catchment area exports.Water catchment area boundary after merger is subjected to vector quantization and is exported, water catchment area is obtained
Vector.
The present invention is based on high-precision digital surface model data, are analyzed, are carried by really flowing to calculating and water flow simulation
Go out a kind of city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model, the influence by City Building to flow accounts for model
It encloses, can be extracted from DSM data and obtain watershed.
It should be understood that the part that this specification does not elaborate belongs to the prior art.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned description for preferred embodiment is more detailed, can not therefore be considered to this
The limitation of invention patent protection range, those skilled in the art under the inspiration of the present invention, are not departing from power of the present invention
Profit requires under protected ambit, can also make replacement or deformation, each fall within protection scope of the present invention, this hair
It is bright range is claimed to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：True flow direction calculates；
All DSM grid points are traversed, the true flow direction of each grid points is calculated；
Step 2：EXIT POINT extracts；
It finds out all flow directions to be directed toward itself and be the point of local minimum, and is numbered, numbered as preliminary water catchment area；
EXIT POINT is labeled as if meeting following two conditions：
Condition 1：The flow direction of the point is (0,0), i.e. point flow direction is directed toward itself；
Condition 2：The point is the point of local minimum；
To meeting condition 1, it is unsatisfactory for the point of condition 2, is flowed to any minimum point for being changed to point to its eight neighborhood；To in satisfaction
The point for stating two conditions is numbered successively, is numbered as preliminary water catchment area；
Step 3：Water catchment area increases；
Using EXIT POINT as the seed point of watershed, the water catchment area point sequence is added in the grid points that flow direction is directed toward to the water catchment area
Row, and loop iteration is carried out, expand watershed range, until all water catchment area areas no longer change；
Step 4：Water catchment area merger；
Maximum water storage depth and maximum moisture storage capacity are calculated to each water catchment area first, and according to given water storage depth or precipitation
It measures threshold value and carries out water catchment area merger；
Step 5：It extracts water catchment area；
To water catchment area boundary into line trace, the vector for obtaining each water catchment area is exported.
2. the city water catchment area extracting method according to claim 1 based on digital surface model, which is characterized in that step
1 specific implementation process includes following sub-step：
Step 1.1：Point e to be calculated is compared with the elevation of surrounding eight neighborhood point, if the elevation of surrounding eight neighborhood all the points
It being all higher than or is equal to e point heights, then e points flow direction is directed toward itself, and otherwise, the flow direction of e points is directed toward the minimum point in eight neighborhood point, if
There are multiple minimum points, then the flow direction of e points is temporarily set to point to itself；
Step 1.2：Flow direction judgement is carried out to all points using method described in step 1.1；
Step 1.3：The grid points that all flow directions are (0,0) are traversed, if point flow direction is directed toward itself, judge eight neighbour around the point
Then the flow direction of domain point carries out Vector modulation according to the Adding law of vector according to the flow direction of eight neighborhood around, then calculates and close
At new vector and each flow direction vector angle, take the flow direction of angle minimum vectorial as new flow direction, until all
Flow direction no longer changes.
3. the city water catchment area extracting method according to claim 1 based on digital surface model, which is characterized in that step
3 specific implementation process includes following sub-step：
Step 3.1：The seed point that all EXIT POINTs are increased as water catchment area, and by the number of EXIT POINT as water catchment area
The EXIT POINT, is added the boundary point sequence of the water catchment area by number；
Step 3.2：The boundary point sequence for traversing all water catchment areas successively according to number size, successively to the every of the boundary point sequence
Grid points flow direction around a point is judged：
If flow direction is directed toward the boundary point, it sets the water catchment area number of the grid points to boundary point water catchment area number, and
The point is added to the boundary point sequence of the water catchment area, deletes the boundary point from boundary point sequence after judgement, it then and will
The water catchment area number of the grid points is changed to the number of the EXIT POINT；
Have water catchment area number if being put around the point, which is deleted from water outlet point sequence, then to next water catchment area
Boundary point sequence similarly operated, until all water catchment area boundary point sequence judgements finish；
Step 3.3：It repeats the above steps to new border sequence, until all water catchment area boundaries no longer change, all charges for remittance
Area can not increase.
4. the city water catchment area extracting method according to claim 1 based on digital surface model, which is characterized in that step
4 specific implementation process includes following sub-step：
Step 4.1：Find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminWith the minimum point height value L of border sequencemin：
Step 4.2：The elevation value difference both acquired as water storage depth D,
D=Cmin-Lmin；
Step 4.3：Elevation value difference is less than given threshold value D0Water catchment area and water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocate adjacent
Another water catchment area merge, and recalculate water storage depth D, iteration carries out, and is given until the water storage depth D of all water catchment areas is more than
Determine threshold value D0。
5. the city water catchment area extracting method according to claim 1 based on digital surface model, which is characterized in that step
4 specific implementation process includes following sub-step：
Step 4.1：Find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminWith the minimum point height value L of border sequencemin：
Step 4.2：Then all height values in water catchment area are found and are less than or equal to LminGrid points, and by itself and LminDifference
It adds up, accumulated value is finally multiplied by the maximum moisture storage capacity S that DSM grid points areas can be obtained each water catchment areamax；
Step 4.3：By judging water catchment area maximum moisture storage capacity SmaxDecide whether to carry out with the relationship of watershed precipitation P
Water catchment area merger；
If Smax>P does not need merger then；
If Smax≤ P, then by the water catchment area and water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocate adjacent another water catchment area merger；
Wherein：
P=P0*A；
Wherein P is watershed precipitation, P0For unit area precipitation, A is water catchment area area.
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| CN102810157A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-05 | 河海大学 | TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) data-based river network extraction method |
| CN102902844A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-01-30 | 南京师范大学 | Sub-water basin partitioning method based on DEM (Dynamic Effect Model) data with large data quantity |
| CN102915227A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-02-06 | 南京师范大学 | Parallel method for large-area drainage basin extraction |
| CN102915547A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-02-06 | 吴立新 | Catchment area dividing method based on triangle patch |
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| US7983474B2 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2011-07-19 | Harris Corporation | Geospatial modeling system and related method using multiple sources of geographic information |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102810157A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-05 | 河海大学 | TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) data-based river network extraction method |
| CN102902844A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-01-30 | 南京师范大学 | Sub-water basin partitioning method based on DEM (Dynamic Effect Model) data with large data quantity |
| CN102915227A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-02-06 | 南京师范大学 | Parallel method for large-area drainage basin extraction |
| CN102915547A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-02-06 | 吴立新 | Catchment area dividing method based on triangle patch |
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