CN103208135A - Constrained delaunay triangular irregular network (CD-TIN) based method for calculating catchment amount of urban ground surface feature point - Google Patents
Constrained delaunay triangular irregular network (CD-TIN) based method for calculating catchment amount of urban ground surface feature point Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a CD-TIN based method for calculating the catchment amount of an urban ground surface feature point and belongs to the field of urban rainfall flood and waterlogging analysis and analog simulation. The method takes urban running water features and establishes an urban ground surface precise DEM on the basis of the CD-TIN, according to the law that 'water flows downwards', triangle patch water yields are distributed to all nodes to form initial node catchment amount values, and then edge water flow and final node catchment amount values in the CD-TIN are calculated according to height differences of all edges corresponding to nodes, so that the triangle 'face-point-line-point' based accurate calculation of the catchment amount of the urban ground surface feature point is achieved. The technical process comprises triangle patch water-flow direction calculation, triangle patch water yield calculation, initial node catchment amount value calculation, edge water flow direction calculation, edge water flow calculation and final node catchment amount value calculation. By the aid of the method, the problems that existing methods for calculating catchment amounts of urban ground surfaces are large in error, low in precision, inadequate in various influencing factor consideration and the like can be solved, and a core algorithm and a technical means are provided for urban waterlogging analysis, analog simulation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to city rain flood waterlogging analysis and analog simulation field, particularly the city heavy rain causes the analog simulation field of waterlogging, is a kind of based on CD-TIN and take the method meticulous elevation model in city and face of land diverse characteristics, can the accurate Calculation city topographical features point sink water yield into account.
Background technology
From ancient times to the present, heavy rain and the disaster of deriving thereof are a mortal malady of the Chinese nation always
[1]The Changjiang river flood in 1931 causes whole city, Wuhan City waterlogging to reach the several months long, and the hundreds of thousands of them is murdered, and ten million victims of the disaster drift about aimlessly
[2]Studies show that owing to dust in city, big city temperature height, the air is big, peripheral updraft forms to city converging property motion.In case the thermal current that rises meets with the cold air mass of high-altitude strong convection, will form the heavy rain centered by the city, i.e. rain island, so-called city effect
[3]Rain island, city effect is the combined action of urban heat land effect and tail gas particle, causes the cold air of the overhead process in city to accelerate to condense and rainfall
[4]Contemporary society, the city waterlogging that causes because of heavy rain and municipal drainage problem becomes a kind of new " urban type water disaster ".On May 7th, 2010,9 to 14, the urban district, Guangzhou meets with 3 heavy rains within one week, rainfall amount reaches 440mm, it has been the Guangzhou extreme weather situation that never occurred flood season since 1908 have meteorological record, the waterlogging water logging appears in location, 118 place, inner city, and 7 people are murdered, and 35 underground garages are submerged, subway mouth rainwater pours in down a chimney, the subway tunnel infiltration, about 5.4 hundred million yuan of whole city's economic loss.On June 23rd, 2011, the strong rainstorms since the summer has set in this year have been come most of area, capital, and some areas rainfall amount has surpassed 100 millimeters.Precipitate down-pour makes that city ponding is serious, and segment path interrupts, and many subway line operations are obstructed, large quantities of flight cancellations or delay.This " safety area " of human survival traditionally, city, seem in face of the waterlogging that heavy rain causes be highly brittle a little less than.City waterlogging disaster makes that traffic system is paralysed in a moment, activity in production pause, infrastructure damage, resident living are stranded, is directly threatening human survival and urban development
[5]
The formation of rain flood, movement, a series of processes such as converge, all relevant with topographical features, especially more close with the relation of face of land elevation feature.Elevation usually is used for describing the rolling shape of topographical surface.Traditional elevation model is level line
[6], its mathematical meaning is the continuous curve surface function that is defined on the two-dimentional geographical space, when this elevation model is expressed with computing machine, just is called digital elevation model
[7](Digital Elevation Model, DEM).The data model of DEM can be divided into rule according to mesh shape and inlay data model and random pattern data model, wherein inlaying data model based on the rule of square network is grid DEM, (Triangulated Irregular Network, random pattern data model TIN) is vector DEM based on TIN
[8]Aspect flood control and disaster reduction, DEM is the basis of carrying out hydrological analysis (as water catchment area analysis, water system network analysis, rainfall runoff analysis, storage capacity calculating, flooding area analysis etc.)
[9]
At present, in existing hydrological analysis, most algorithms design at grid DEM, calculate as various water (flow) directions
[10-12], the extraction of drainage algorithm
[13-14], basin landform partitioning algorithm
[15]Deng.Grid DEM has features such as grid size homogeneous, data point queueing discipline, though these features make that the realization of above-mentioned algorithm is comparatively simple, but limited its dirigibility and accuracy on landform is expressed, bring a series of difficulty also for the city hydrological analysis, inaccurate, the out of true of determining as water (flow) direction that the water catchment area water yield is calculated etc.DEM compares with grid, makes it have more advantage as aspects such as network of waterways structure, basin topological relation, the charge for remittance calculating of the face of land, city describing based on the vectorial property of the vector DEM of TIN, and for example water (flow) direction can be unique definite by triangle; Influence all kinds of meticulous topographical features of water (flow) direction, can be used as constraint condition and be embedded among the landform TIN
[16], formation constraint Di Luoni TIN (Constrained Delaunay Triangular Irregular Network, CD-TIN).
List of references:
[1] Wang Jingai, Shi Peijun, Wang Ying. city natural disaster Regionalization in China establishment [J]. disaster journal, 2005,14 (6): 42-46
[2]Pietz，David.Engineering?the?State：The?Huai?River?and?Reconstruction?in?Nationalist?Chine1927-1937[M].Routledge，ISBN?0415933889.2002，xvii：61-70
[3]Daniel?Rosenfeld.Suppression?of?rain?and?snow?by?urban?and?industries?air?pollution[J].Science，2000，287(10)：1793-1796
[4]Changnon?SA?Jr.Precipitation?changes?in?summer?caused?by?St.Louis[J]，Science，1979，205(9)：402-404
[5] National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006～the year two thousand twenty)
[6] Qiu Weining. set up digital elevation model [J] according to level line. Surveying ﹠ Cartography Scientific ﹠ Technological Univ., Wuhan's journal, 1994
[7] soup Guoan, Li Fayuan, Liu Xuejun. digital elevation model study course (second edition) [M]. Science Press, 2010
[8] soup Guoan, Liu Xuejun, Lu Guonian. the principle of digital elevation model and geoanalysis and method [M]. Science Press, 2005
[9] Xu Zongxue etc. hydrological model [M]. Science Press, 2009
[10]Lea?N?L.An?aspect?driven?kine?matic?routing?algorithm.In：Parsons?A?J，Overland?Flow，eds.Hydraulic?sand?Erosion?Mechanics[M].New?York：Abrahams?Chapman?and?Hall，1992
[11]Quinn?P?F，Beven?K?J，Chevallier?P.The?prediction?of?hillslope?flow?paths?for?distributedhydrological?modeling?using?digital?terrain?models[J].Hydrological?Processes，1991，5(1)：59-79
[12]Meisels?A，Raizman?S，Karnieli?A.Skeletonizing?a?DEM?into?a?drainage?Network[J].1995，21(1)：187-196
[13]Band?L?E.Topographic?partition?of?watershades?with?digital?elevation?models[J].WaterResources?Research，1986，22：15-24
[14]Qian?J，Ehrich?R?W.DNESYS-an?expert?system?for?automatic?extraction?of?drainage?Networksfrom?Digital?Elevation?Model[J].IEEE?Transaction?on?Geoscience?and?Remote?Sensing，2002，28(1)：29-45
[15]O’Callaghan?F，Mark?D?M.The?extraction?of?drainage?networks?from?digital?elevation?data.Computer?Vision[J]，Graphics?and?Image?Processing，1984，28：323-344
[16] Liu Xuejun, Wang Yongjun appoints political affairs. based on the extraction of drainage algorithm [J] of TIN. and water conservancy journal, 2008,39 (1): 27-34
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of based on constraint Di Luoni TIN (Constrained Delaunay TriangularIrregular Network, CD-TIN) city topographical features point sink water yield computing method, techniqueflow comprises: based on the meticulous DEM structure in the face of land, city of CD-TIN, the calculating of triangle surface water (flow) direction, the calculating of triangle surface water production rate, the calculating of node charge for remittance amount initial value, the calculating of limit water (flow) direction, the calculating of limit discharge, the calculating of node charge for remittance amount final value.
The invention is characterized in, it is taken city flowing water feature into account and makes up the meticulous DEM in the face of land, city based on CD-TIN, and the general knowledge of foundation " Water seeks its own level ", earlier the triangle surface water production rate is assigned to each node and forms node charge for remittance amount initial value, again according to node the discrepancy in elevation on corresponding each limit, carry out the calculating of limit discharge and the calculating of node charge for remittance amount final value among the CD-TIN, realize the city topographical features point sink water yield accurate Calculation based on triangle " face-point-line-point " charge for remittance process.
The present invention can solve that the existing face of land, city charge for remittance amount calculation error is big, precision is low, and may influence the factor of charge for remittance such as building, road, isolation strip, road curb, greenery patches, rainwater comb, fall into water well etc. to some and do not add problems such as considering or consider deficiency.Utilize the present invention can more accurately calculate the charge for remittance amount of city topographical features point, for city waterlogging analysis and analog simulation etc. provide core algorithm and technological means.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 calculates method flow diagram for the city topographical features point sink water yield that the present invention proposes.
The meticulous DEM partial schematic diagram in the face of land, city based on CD-TIN that Fig. 2 proposes for the present invention, wherein, white thick line representative embeds the constraint condition that may influence the face of land, city charge for remittance wherein, as house, road, greenery patches.
The computing method design sketch that Fig. 3 proposes for the present invention.Wherein, arrow represents the water (flow) direction on its place triangle surface and limit, and black circle is the charge for remittance node, and empty circles is rainwater well head/downspout strainer.
Embodiment
City topographical features point sink water yield computing method and techniqueflow based on CD-TIN that the present invention proposes, as shown in Figure 1.
1, makes up based on the meticulous DEM in the face of land, city of CD-TIN.
1) utilizes the face of land, city measurement data, make up based on the meticulous DEM in the city of free D-TIN;
2) the city topographical features that may influence charge for remittance such as building, road, greenery patches, catch-basin/downspout strainer etc. are embedded among the D-TIN DEM as constraint condition, structure is based on the meticulous DEM in the face of land, city of CD-TIN, as shown in Figure 2, wherein white thick line represents constraint condition.
2, the triangle surface water (flow) direction is calculated.
According to " Water seeks its own level ", calculate the triangle surface water (flow) direction according to following steps:
1) elevation of corresponding 3 nodes of extraction triangle surface;
2) the elevation size of these 3 nodes of comparison obtains the minimum node of elevation;
3) the triangle surface water (flow) direction is pointed to the minimum node of elevation.
As Fig. 3, shown in the interior arrow of triangle surface.
3, the triangle surface water production rate is calculated
Calculate the triangle surface water production rate according to following steps:
1) rainfall amount on the calculating triangle surface, it equals rainfall intensity, lasts with the triangle projected area is and amass;
2) infiltration capacity on the calculating triangle surface, it equals rainfall amount and infiltrates the two amassing of coefficient;
3) obtain the water production rate of triangle surface, it equals the poor of rainfall amount and infiltration capacity.
4, node charge for remittance amount initial value calculates.
According to following steps computing node charge for remittance amount initial value:
1) extracting with certain node is all triangle surfaces on summit;
2) judge successively whether each triangle surface water (flow) direction points to this node;
3) if then give this node the water production rate assignment of this triangle surface.
Node charge for remittance amount initial value equals water (flow) direction and points to its all triangle surface water production rate sums.
5, the limit water (flow) direction is calculated.
According to " Water seeks its own level ", calculate the limit water (flow) direction according to following steps:
1) extraction constitutes the height value of two nodes on a limit;
2) size of these two node elevation values of comparison obtains the lower node of height value;
3) this limit water (flow) direction is pointed to the lower node of height value.
As Fig. 3, shown in the triangle edges upward arrow.
6, limit discharge is calculated.
Calculate limit discharge according to following steps:
1) extracting with a certain node is end points but water (flow) direction is not pointed to all limits of this node;
2) calculate wherein length and the two ends discrepancy in elevation on certain limit, obtain the ratio of this limit discrepancy in elevation and length; The rest may be inferred, and obtain water (flow) direction and do not point to the discrepancy in elevation on other limit of this node and the ratio of length, and with all ratios summations;
3) being input with this node charge for remittance amount initial value, is weight with the ratio of this limit discrepancy in elevation and length with respect to the merchant of all limit discrepancy in elevation and length ratio sum, carries out the distribution of node charge for remittance amount initial value, calculates this limit discharge.
7, circulation step 2-6, all triangle surface water (flow) directions, water production rate, node charge for remittance amount initial value, limit water (flow) direction in finishing model, and the calculating of limit discharge.
8, node charge for remittance amount final value is calculated.
Node charge for remittance amount final value equals all limit discharge sums that water (flow) direction is pointed to this node.
Accordingly, realized calculating based on the city topographical features point sink water yield of CD-TIN.
Claims (4)
1. city topographical features point sink water yield computing method based on CD-TIN is characterized in that this method mainly comprises: take city flowing water feature into account and based on node charge for remittance amount final value computing method among limit discharge calculating method, the CD-TIN among the meticulous DEM construction method in the face of land, city of CD-TIN, the CD-TIN.
2. according to claim 1ly take city flowing water feature into account and based on the meticulous DEM construction method in the face of land, city of CD-TIN, the data model that it is characterized in that it adopts constraint Di Luoni TIN (Constrained Delaunay Triangular Irregular Network, CD-TIN), and rainwater combed, drowning wells etc. are as unique point, with the characteristic curve that influences the city insulated stream and characteristic face (as building, road, the greenery patches, the isolation strip, road curb etc.) embed wherein as constraint condition, common make up the meticulous digital elevation model in the face of land, city based on CD-TIN (Digital Elevation Model, DEM).
3. limit discharge calculating method among the CD-TIN according to claim 1 is characterized in that adopting multithread based on hydraulic slope to algorithm.Be end points with the node, but the limit that water (flow) direction is not pointed to node is input for distributing object with node charge for remittance amount initial value, is weight with the ratio of wherein certain limit discrepancy in elevation and length with respect to the merchant of all limit discrepancy in elevation and length ratio sum, multiply by weight with input, carry out discharge calculating in limit among the CD-TIN.
4. node charge for remittance amount final value computing method among the CD-TIN according to claim 1 is characterized in that calculating the discharge sum that water (flow) direction is pointed to all limits of node, thereby obtain each node charge for remittance amount final value among the CD-TIN.
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| CN105319391A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-10 | 李爽 | Non-linear building rainwater flow direction measuring method and device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103345589A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-09 | 吴立新 | Urban area catchment unit partition method with consideration of constraint characteristics |
| CN105319391A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-10 | 李爽 | Non-linear building rainwater flow direction measuring method and device |
| CN105319391B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-05-18 | 李爽 | The rainwater flow directional detection method and device of non-linear building |
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Application publication date: 20130717 |