CN105740812A - Digital surface model based city catchment area extraction method - Google Patents

Digital surface model based city catchment area extraction method Download PDF

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CN105740812A
CN105740812A CN201610063527.8A CN201610063527A CN105740812A CN 105740812 A CN105740812 A CN 105740812A CN 201610063527 A CN201610063527 A CN 201610063527A CN 105740812 A CN105740812 A CN 105740812A
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catchment area
point
water catchment
water
area
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CN105740812B (en
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邵振峰
张翰超
丁霖
金姣
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a digital surface model (DSM) based city catchment area extraction method. The method comprises the steps of firstly, performing real flow direction calculation on a city DSM to obtain a flow diagram; secondly, performing water outlet point extraction according to the flow diagram and a grid point elevation of the DSM, performing catchment area expansion based on the extracted water outlet point, and recording a boundary point sequence of catchment areas; thirdly, performing catchment area merging according to a set water storage depth or rainfall threshold, and updating the boundary point sequence after the merging; and finally, performing conversion and output for the boundary of each catchment area to obtain a catchment area vector and taking the catchment area vector as a final result of city catchment area division. Compared with an existing method, the method provided by the invention can better adapt to city areas with various buildings, complicated surface relief conditions and relatively large surface and terrain differences; a new flow direction calculation method is adopted, so that the method provided by the invention is more suitable for local flat areas of the city area; and the catchment areas can be merged according to the water storage depth or rainfall capacity, so that the method provided by the invention is higher in applicability.

Description

A kind of water catchment area, city extracting method based on digital surface model
Technical field
The invention belongs to urban waterlogging monitoring and warning technical field, relate to a kind of water catchment area, city extracting method based on digital surface model.
Background technology
Digital surface model (DigitalSurfaceModel, be called for short DSM) is the mathematical notation of a kind of discretization to earth configuration of surface, is also one of the field such as basin and flood core data of carrying out hydrological analysis.Water catchment area, or claim catchment area, receiving basin, drainage basin, refer to that rainwash or other materials converge to the earth surface area flowed through in the process of a common outlet.Water catchment area is the elementary cell of hydrological analysis, suffers from important application in flood analysis, digital Terrain Analysis, mapping and engineering design.Therefore from DSM, extract water catchment area always automatically and efficiently be an important topic of waterlogging monitoring and warning technology.
Existing extracting method can be divided into two big classes employing data: based on grid with based on TIN (TriangulatedIrregularNetwork is called for short TIN).nullWherein，Water catchment area extraction algorithm based on grid is more，And it is all based on digital elevation model (DigitalElevationModel based on the overwhelming majority in the water catchment area extraction research of grid，Vehicle economy M)，As based on rainwash cross flow model、The model of DEM is scanned based on rectangular window，And some are based on the algorithm of water (flow) direction，Such as many flow direction algorithms、DEMON method、Burnin algorithm、Dinf method、Dco method、Freeman method etc.，But these algorithm and models，Plains region, city there is very big unworthiness，Duke etc. divide for water catchment area, Plain, city and propose RIDEM model，Left persons of outstanding talent etc. have improved at RIDEM，But do not consider the impact on confluxing of the urban architecture thing in the application yet，There is certain limitation，This is also based on DEM and extracts difficult point and the limitation place of water catchment area, city.Method based on TIN has the Liu Xuejun extraction of drainage algorithm based on TIN proposed, the DEM based on triangle that Zhou Qiming proposes simulates surface flow path, Wu Lixin proposes a kind of water catchment area division methods etc. based on triangle dough cover, method based on TIN has high-precision advantage in description natural terrain form, but the expression for city this more rules building area has certain defect, and inapplicable.Two kinds of data are respectively arranged with pluses and minuses, and raster data structure is simple, and algorithm process is convenient, but adopt digital elevation model precision relatively low, good not for some complicated landform expression effects to extract result fine not；And TIN can express real terrain more accurately, but because data structure is complicated, causes algorithm process inconvenience, do not studied widely, and in the City surface form that display rule building is various, there is certain defect, it is more difficult to carry out the extraction of water catchment area.
In sum, current water catchment area extraction algorithm is mostly based on raster data simply and easily, wherein account for the overwhelming majority based on DEM, based on digital surface model data (DigitalSurfaceModel, be called for short DSM) method extremely rare, and urban area is with a varied topography, and earth's surface building is various, extracting method based on DEM is difficult to consider the complex building impact on water catchment area, it is impossible to the watershed meeting city extracts requirement.And the method based on TIN exists certain defect and too complex in city represents, research is few, but without ripe solution, is more not suitable for large area city watershed and extracts.
Summary of the invention
For existing water catchment area extracting method mainly for the watershed obtained in hypsography, and it is various to be not suitable for earth's surface building, earth's surface differs the shortcoming that bigger urban area watershed extracts with landform, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method extracting watershed from the high accuracy DSM of city, it is possible in city digital surface model complicated and changeable, obtain watershed.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of water catchment area, city extracting method based on digital surface model, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: truly flow to calculating；
Travel through all DSM grid points, calculate the true flow direction of each grid points；
Step 2: EXIT POINT extracts；
Find out all of flow direction sensing self and the point for local minimum, and be numbered, as preliminary water catchment area numbering；
Step 3: water catchment area increases；
Using the EXIT POINT seed points as watershed, add this water catchment area point sequence by flowing to the grid points pointing to this water catchment area, and carry out loop iteration, expand watershed scope, until all of water catchment area area no longer changes；
Step 4: water catchment area merger；
First each water catchment area is calculated the maximum water storage degree of depth and maximum moisture storage capacity, and carries out water catchment area merger according to the given water storage degree of depth or precipitation threshold value；
Step 5: water catchment area is extracted；
Border, water catchment area is tracked, and the vector obtaining each water catchment area exports.
As preferably, the process that implements of step 1 includes following sub-step:
Step 1.1: the elevation of to be calculated some e Yu surrounding eight neighborhood point is compared, if around eight neighborhood institute elevation a little is all higher than or is equal to e point height, then e point flows to and points to self, otherwise, the minimum point flowed in sensing eight neighborhood point of e point, if there being multiple minimum point, then the flow direction of e point is temporarily set to point to self；
Step 1.2: utilize method described in step 1.1 to carry out all of point flowing to judgement；
Step 1.3: traveling through all flow directions is (0,0) grid points, if this point flows to points to self, then judges the flow direction of eight neighborhood point around this point, then carry out Vector modulation according to the flow direction of eight neighborhood around and obtain the new flow direction, until all of flow direction no longer changes.
As preferably, extracting water spot described in step 2, if meeting following two condition, it is labeled as EXIT POINT:
Condition 1: the flow direction of this point is (0,0)；
Condition 2: this point is the point of local minimum；
To satisfying condition 1, it is unsatisfactory for the point of condition 2, is flowed to the arbitrary minimum point being changed to point to its eight neighborhood；The point meeting above-mentioned two condition is sequentially carried out numbering, as preliminary water catchment area numbering.
As preferably, the process that implements of step 3 includes following sub-step:
Step 3.1: the seed points that all of EXIT POINT is increased as water catchment area, and using the numbering of EXIT POINT as the numbering of water catchment area, this EXIT POINT is added the boundary point sequence of this water catchment area；
Step 3.2: travel through the boundary point sequence of all water catchment areas according to numbering size successively, flows to each grid points around of this boundary point sequence successively and judges:
This boundary point is pointed to if flowed to, then the water catchment area of this grid points is numbered and be set to this boundary point water catchment area numbering, and this point is added the boundary point sequence of this water catchment area, then and the water catchment area of this grid points is numbered the numbering changing this EXIT POINT into after judgement, this boundary point is deleted from boundary point sequence,；
If putting all existing water catchment area numbering around this point, then this point being deleted from EXIT POINT sequence, then the boundary point sequence of next water catchment area being carried out same operation, until all of water catchment area boundary point sequence judges complete；
Step 3.3: to new border sequence repeat the above steps, until border, all of water catchment area no longer changes, all water catchment areas cannot increase.
As preferably, the process that implements of step 4 includes following sub-step:
Step 4.1: find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminMinimum point height value L with border sequencemin:
Step 4.2: try to achieve both elevation value differences as water storage degree of depth D,
D=Cmin-Lmin；
Step 4.3: by elevation value difference less than given threshold value D0Water catchment area and this water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocating another adjacent water catchment area to merge, and recalculate water storage degree of depth D, iteration carries out, until the water storage degree of depth D of all water catchment areas is more than given threshold value D0。
As preferably, the process that implements of step 4 includes following sub-step:
Step 4.1: find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminMinimum point height value L with border sequencemin:
Step 4.2: then find in water catchment area all height value less than or equal to LminGrid points, and by itself and LminDifference add up, finally accumulated value is multiplied by DSM grid points area and can obtain the maximum moisture storage capacity S of each water catchment areamax；
Step 4.3: by judging the maximum moisture storage capacity S in water catchment areamaxDecide whether to carry out water catchment area merger with the relation of watershed precipitation P；
If Smax> P, then do not need merger；
If Smax≤ P, then by this water catchment area and this water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocate another adjacent water catchment area merger；
Wherein:
P=P0*A；
Wherein P is watershed precipitation, P0For unit area precipitation, A is water catchment area area.
Compared with the extracting method of existing water catchment area, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) present invention is compared with the conventional method, overcome existing method and be directed to topography variation, it is not suitable for earth's surface building various, the shortcoming of the urban area that earth's surface is huge with terrain differences, can rise and fall acutely from the overall discrepancy in elevation, the urban area DSM model that regional area is smooth extract and obtains watershed.
2) what the present invention adopted new flows to computational methods, compare and common flow to computational methods, the impact that current mesh point is flowed to by the flow direction of the surrounding's grid points considered, and creativeness utilizes the method for Vector modulation to obtain the judgement that complex situations flow to, it is adaptable to the impact on water (flow) direction of the complex surfaces such as urban architecture.
3) the watershed extracting method that the present invention proposes, it is possible to carry out the merging of watershed according to depth of accumulated water, it is possible to simulate the watershed under precipitation event in various degree, the water catchment area met under different demands is extracted, and has higher adaptability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is grid points and its 8 neighborhood schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
The flow direction that Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention arranges figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail, should be appreciated that enforcement example described herein is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Ask for an interview Fig. 1, a kind of water catchment area, city extracting method based on digital surface model provided by the invention, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: truly flow to calculating；
All DSM grid points are traveled through by template successively that utilize 3*3 as shown in Figure 2, first the elevation of central point e Yu surrounding eight neighborhood point (e1～e8) is compared, figure (Fig. 3) is set according to following several situations and the flow direction and processes:
(1) elevation of e1～e8 is all higher than or equal to e point height, then e point flows to as (0,0).
(2) there is the point less than e point height in e1～e8, and only one of which minimum point, then the flow direction of e point points to this minimum point, and concrete flow direction is determined according to Fig. 2, if the flow direction of e points to e1, then it flows to as (1,0), and other are similar determines.
(3) e1～e8 exists the point less than e point height, and have the minimum point that multiple elevation is the same, then the flow direction of e point is set to (0,0).
After treating that all of point all carries out flowing to judgement according to above method, then traveling through all flow directions is (0,0) grid points, carry out flowing to synthesis, first determine whether the flow direction of eight neighborhood point around this point, then the flow direction according to eight neighborhood around carries out Vector modulation according to the Adding law of vector, then calculates new vector and each angle flowing to vector of synthesis, takes the minimum flow direction vector of angle as the new flow direction.Repeat to flow to synthesis step, until all of flow direction no longer changes.
The addition formula of plane vector is: set a=(x1, y1), b=(x2, y2), then:
+ b=(x1+x2, y1+y2)；
Two non-vanishing vectors in known plane, a=(x1, y1), b=(x2, y2), then angle α between two vectors (a, b) computing formula is as follows:
α ( a , b ) = arccos ( ( x 1 x 2 + y 1 y 2 ) x 1 2 + y 1 2 * x 2 2 + y 2 2 ) ;
Step 2: EXIT POINT extracts；
Point each in DSM is traveled through by the template adopting a 3*3, if meeting following two condition, is labeled as EXIT POINT:
Condition 1: the flow direction of this point is (0,0)；
Condition 2: this point is the point of local minimum；
To satisfying condition 1, it is unsatisfactory for the point of condition 2, is flowed to the arbitrary minimum point being changed to point to its eight neighborhood；The point meeting above-mentioned two condition is sequentially carried out numbering, as preliminary water catchment area numbering.
Step 3: water catchment area increases；
The seed points that all of EXIT POINT is increased as water catchment area, and using the numbering of EXIT POINT as the numbering of water catchment area, this EXIT POINT is added the boundary point sequence of this water catchment area, the boundary point sequence of all water catchment areas is traveled through successively according to numbering size, successively each grid points around of this boundary point sequence is flowed to and judge, this boundary point is pointed to if flowed to, then the water catchment area of this grid points is numbered and be set to this boundary point water catchment area numbering, and this point is added the boundary point sequence of this water catchment area, it is judged that after by this boundary point from boundary point sequence delete.Then and by this grid points water catchment area numbering change the numbering of this EXIT POINT into, if putting all existing water catchment area numbering around this point, then this point is deleted from EXIT POINT sequence, then the boundary point sequence of next water catchment area is carried out same operation, until all of water catchment area boundary point sequence judges complete.Then to new border sequence repeat the above steps, until border, all of water catchment area no longer changes, all water catchment areas cannot increase.
Step 4: water catchment area merger；
First the minimum point height value C of each water catchment area is foundminMinimum point height value L with border sequencemin, and try to achieve both elevation value difference as water storage degree of depth D, then by elevation value difference less than given threshold value D0Water catchment area and this water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocating another adjacent water catchment area to merge, and recalculate water storage degree of depth D, iteration carries out, until the water storage degree of depth D of all water catchment areas is more than given threshold value.
D=Cmin-Lmin；
If given unit are precipitation P0, it is possible to undertaken judging whether to water catchment area merger by calculating the maximum moisture storage capacity of each water catchment area.The computational methods of the maximum moisture storage capacity of water catchment area are as follows, first find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminMinimum point height value L with border sequencemin, then find in water catchment area all height value less than or equal to LminGrid points, and by itself and LminDifference add up, finally accumulated value is multiplied by DSM grid points area and can obtain the maximum moisture storage capacity S of each water catchment areamax, by judging the maximum moisture storage capacity S in water catchment areamaxDecide whether to carry out water catchment area merger with the relation of watershed precipitation P, if Smax> P, then do not need merger, if Smax≤ P, then by this water catchment area and this water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocate another adjacent water catchment area merger.
P=P0*A；
Wherein P is watershed precipitation, P0For unit area precipitation, A is water catchment area area.
Step 5: water catchment area exports.Border, water catchment area after merger is carried out vector quantization and exports, obtains water catchment area vector.
The present invention is based on high-precision digital surface model data, by truly flowing to calculating and water flow simulation analysis, propose a kind of water catchment area, city extracting method based on digital surface model, the impact of current is accounted for scope by City Building, it is possible to extract from DSM data and obtain watershed.
It should be appreciated that the part that this specification does not elaborate belongs to prior art.
Should be understood that; the above-mentioned description for preferred embodiment is comparatively detailed; therefore the restriction to scope of patent protection of the present invention can not be thought; those of ordinary skill in the art is under the enlightenment of the present invention; under the ambit protected without departing from the claims in the present invention; can also making replacement or deformation, each fall within protection scope of the present invention, the scope that is claimed of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.

Claims (6)

1. water catchment area, the city extracting method based on digital surface model, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: truly flow to calculating；
Travel through all DSM grid points, calculate the true flow direction of each grid points；
Step 2: EXIT POINT extracts；
Find out all of flow direction sensing self and the point for local minimum, and be numbered, as preliminary water catchment area numbering；
Step 3: water catchment area increases；
Using the EXIT POINT seed points as watershed, add this water catchment area point sequence by flowing to the grid points pointing to this water catchment area, and carry out loop iteration, expand watershed scope, until all of water catchment area area no longer changes；
Step 4: water catchment area merger；
First each water catchment area is calculated the maximum water storage degree of depth and maximum moisture storage capacity, and carries out water catchment area merger according to the given water storage degree of depth or precipitation threshold value；
Step 5: water catchment area is extracted；
Border, water catchment area is tracked, and the vector obtaining each water catchment area exports.
2. water catchment area, the city extracting method based on digital surface model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the process that implements of step 1 includes following sub-step:
Step 1.1: the elevation of to be calculated some e Yu surrounding eight neighborhood point is compared, if around eight neighborhood institute elevation a little is all higher than or is equal to e point height, then e point flows to and points to self, otherwise, the minimum point flowed in sensing eight neighborhood point of e point, if there being multiple minimum point, then the flow direction of e point is temporarily set to point to self；
Step 1.2: utilize method described in step 1.1 to carry out all of point flowing to judgement；
Step 1.3: traveling through all flow directions is (0,0) grid points, if this point flows to points to self, then judges the flow direction of eight neighborhood point around this point, then carry out Vector modulation according to the flow direction of eight neighborhood around and obtain the new flow direction, until all of flow direction no longer changes.
3. water catchment area, the city extracting method based on digital surface model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that extracting water spot described in step 2, if meeting following two condition, being labeled as EXIT POINT:
Condition 1: the flow direction of this point is (0,0)；
Condition 2: this point is the point of local minimum；
To satisfying condition 1, it is unsatisfactory for the point of condition 2, is flowed to the arbitrary minimum point being changed to point to its eight neighborhood；The point meeting above-mentioned two condition is sequentially carried out numbering, as preliminary water catchment area numbering.
4. water catchment area, the city extracting method based on digital surface model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the process that implements of step 3 includes following sub-step:
Step 3.1: the seed points that all of EXIT POINT is increased as water catchment area, and using the numbering of EXIT POINT as the numbering of water catchment area, this EXIT POINT is added the boundary point sequence of this water catchment area；
Step 3.2: travel through the boundary point sequence of all water catchment areas according to numbering size successively, flows to each grid points around of this boundary point sequence successively and judges:
This boundary point is pointed to if flowed to, then the water catchment area of this grid points is numbered and be set to this boundary point water catchment area numbering, and this point is added the boundary point sequence of this water catchment area, then and the water catchment area of this grid points is numbered the numbering changing this EXIT POINT into after judgement, this boundary point is deleted from boundary point sequence,；
If putting all existing water catchment area numbering around this point, then this point being deleted from EXIT POINT sequence, then the boundary point sequence of next water catchment area being carried out same operation, until all of water catchment area boundary point sequence judges complete；
Step 3.3: to new border sequence repeat the above steps, until border, all of water catchment area no longer changes, all water catchment areas cannot increase.
5. water catchment area, the city extracting method based on digital surface model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the process that implements of step 4 includes following sub-step:
Step 4.1: find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminMinimum point height value L with border sequencemin:
Step 4.2: try to achieve both elevation value differences as water storage degree of depth D,
D=Cmin-Lmin
Step 4.3: by elevation value difference less than given threshold value D0Water catchment area and this water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocating another adjacent water catchment area to merge, and recalculate water storage degree of depth D, iteration carries out, until the water storage degree of depth D of all water catchment areas is more than given threshold value D0。
6. water catchment area, the city extracting method based on digital surface model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the process that implements of step 4 includes following sub-step:
Step 4.1: find the minimum point height value C of each water catchment areaminMinimum point height value L with border sequencemin:
Step 4.2: then find in water catchment area all height value less than or equal to LminGrid points, and by itself and LminDifference add up, finally accumulated value is multiplied by DSM grid points area and can obtain the maximum moisture storage capacity S of each water catchment areamax；
Step 4.3: by judging the maximum moisture storage capacity S in water catchment areamaxDecide whether to carry out water catchment area merger with the relation of watershed precipitation；
If Smax> P, then do not need merger；
If Smax≤ P, then by this water catchment area and this water catchment area border sequence minimum point LminLocate another adjacent water catchment area merger；
Wherein:
P=P0*A；
Wherein P is watershed precipitation, P0For unit area precipitation, A is water catchment area area.
CN201610063527.8A 2016-01-29 2016-01-29 A kind of city water catchment area extracting method based on digital surface model Active CN105740812B (en)

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CN113360594A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-09-07 中煤航测遥感集团有限公司 Catchment area extraction method, device, equipment and medium based on digital elevation model

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CN113360594B (en) * 2021-07-05 2023-09-26 中煤航测遥感集团有限公司 Catchment area extraction method, device, equipment and medium based on digital elevation model

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