CN107704850A - A kind of Creek system landform identifying processing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Creek system landform identifying processing method, comprise the following steps：S1：Tidal flat three dimensional topographic data is changed into the form of terrain data matrix；S2：Judge main Creek system；S3：Judge secondary tidal creek；S4：Calculate tidal creek matrix of depths；S5：Determine tidal creek axis；S6：Count tidal creek cross dimensions feature.The present invention is applied to the larger tidal flat situation of hypsography, can identify tidal creek profile exactly, and retain the original form of Creek system；Larger main tidal creek is identified first, and progressively expands differentiate scope on this basis, is filled whole Creek system, be ensure that the accuracy of identification of the secondary tidal creek of scale is smaller, while avoids influence of the tidal flat hollow to recognition result；The present invention is simultaneously suitable for the analysis and extraction of network of waterways landform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to topographic data processing method, more particularly to a kind of Creek system landform identifying processing method.
Background technology
Tidal flat is widely distributed in coastal area of china, and by taking the flour sand Inversion of Tidal Flat of jiangsu coast as an example, its intertidal zone width reaches
6-8 kilometers, the gradient is extremely slow, is only about 0.1%, beach face deposit is based on flour sand, mud.It is multiple on tidal flat to give birth to tidal creek system
System, tidal creek have the characteristics that pace of change is fast, amplitude of fluctuation is big.With the construction of the coastal engineerings such as reclaiming coastal land, harbour, tidal creek
Influence of the system for coastal engineering building safety causes more and more extensive concern, meanwhile, tidal flat-Creek system is bird
Class and the important habitat of marine organisms, the geomorphic evolution of tidal flat-tidal creek are also particularly important to ecological environmental protection.Therefore it is domestic
Outer numerous scholars have carried out substantial amounts of research work for tidal flat-Creek system geomorphic evolution, and its method mainly includes scene and seen
Survey, remote sensing image processing, numerical simulation etc..What kind of research method no matter is taken, is required to extract tidal creek, and obtain tide
The morphological feature of ditch.
To obtain tidal creek plane and fracture morphology feature, it is necessary first to analyze tidal flat landform, identify Creek system.Due to sea
Bank band area fluctuation of water table is frequent, and the method for tional identification river network morphology can not be applied to tidal flat-Creek system.Tide is judged at present
The mode on ditch border is broadly divided into two kinds：The first is using the flowage line in tidal creek during mean tide tlevel as tidal creek border, now
Water surface width as tidal creek width, for the active cross-section below the water surface as tidal creek section, this method is used for Diarrhea exits of a lake Men Chu
The definition of section；Second tidal creek border is used as by tidal flat surface elevation bust point, i.e., with " critical elevation value-tidal creek plane
For critical elevation value on area " relation curve at flex point as tidal flat-tidal creek border discrimination standard, it is small that this method is used for scope
And in the gentle sabkha region of landform narrow deep type tidal creek border differentiation.But above two method is not suitable for having a very wide distribution
The open type seashore (such as China's jiangsu coast) that wealthy and elevation changes greatly.Therefore one kind is stilled need with being applied to different terrain
The Creek system recognition methods of looks situation.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Creek system that can solve the problem that defect present in prior art
Landform identifying processing method.
Technical scheme：Creek system landform identifying processing method of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1：A few place's tidal creek sections are randomly selected, count tidal creek cross dimensions information, the tidal creek then obtained according to statistics breaks
Face dimension information determines tidal creek minimum-depth, the minimum-depth of main tidal creek, elevation comparison range and grid DEM precision, and
Tidal flat three dimensional topographic data is changed into the form of terrain data matrix；
S2：Judge main Creek system：Each point in terrain data matrix is analyzed point by point, by contrasting each point height
The relativeness of elevation average value judges whether the point is point in main tidal creek around Cheng Yuqi, and by iterating to calculate tidal flat
Surface elevation matrix and tidal creek face profile matrix；
S3：Judge secondary tidal creek, specifically include following steps：
S31：Tidal creek face profile obtained by step S2 is expanded outwardly to the mesh point of a unit, as new round height
The scope of journey analyzed area；
S32：Each point height in Height Analysis region after expansion is analyzed：By contrasting each point height and its week
The relativeness for enclosing elevation average value judges whether the point is point in tidal creek, and by iterating to calculate tidal flat surface elevation matrix
And tidal creek face profile matrix；
S33：Repeat step S31 and step S32, the Creek system area of plane before and after repeating no longer change, stopped
Iteration, obtain final tidal creek face profile matrix and tidal flat surface elevation matrix；
S4：Calculate tidal creek matrix of depths：By the landform in the tidal flat surface elevation matrix being finally calculated and step S1
Data matrix subtracts each other, and obtains tidal creek matrix of depths, and what the data in tidal creek matrix of depths at every bit represented is the tide at the point
Trench depth, if the tidal creek depth at certain point is zero, represent that the point is located at outside tidal creek；
S5：Tidal creek axis is determined, specifically includes following steps：
S51：Identify tidal creek border：The point for being equal to 1 in tidal creek face profile matrix is analyzed, if centered on the point
Nine grids in there is 0 value, then it is tidal creek boundary point to define the point, and is entered as 2；
S52：Definition is away from frontier distance matrix：In tidal creek face profile matrix, using the point on tidal creek border as starting point, successively
Beeline of the point away from nearest border inside each tidal creek is calculated, and the beeline is assigned to the point；
S53：The point by point search in away from frontier distance matrix, if certain point is more than its left and right or upper and lower two away from frontier distance
Point, then it is tidal creek axis point to define the point；
S6：Tidal creek cross dimensions feature is counted, specifically includes following steps：
S61：Determine each section tidal creek width：In tidal creek face profile matrix, using each point on tidal creek axis as circle
The heart does circle, and ensures round size just without departing from tidal creek face profile, using diameter of a circle as the section on tidal creek it is wide
Degree；
S62：Determine each section tidal creek depth, cross-sectional area and tidal channel talweg：In tidal creek matrix of depths, search away from
Certain puts the closest borderline point of tidal creek on tidal creek axis, and the line for extending the boundary point and the axis point makes it
Intersect with another border, intersection point and the maximum of tidal creek depth in each point on the boundary point line are searched, as the section
Tidal creek depth, and the maximum point of tidal creek depth is defined as tidal channel talweg point；Tidal creek cross-sectional area connects for the section boundary point
Each point tidal creek depth on line is multiplied by the accumulated value of the value of sizing grid；
S63：Define each section asymmetry：Twice of the horizontal range of axis and talweg is again on section divided by this is disconnected
The tidal creek width in face, the section asymmetry index as the section.
Further, the tidal flat surface elevation matrix in the step S2 is the tidal flat surface elevation square after all tidal creeks are filled and led up
Battle array.
Further, the relativeness of each point height and elevation average value around it refers in the step S2：The point height
Whether less than the average tidal flat surface elevation of surrounding, and whether the surrounding averagely difference of tidal flat surface elevation and the point height is more than main
The minimum-depth of tidal creek；The point is judged as the point inside tidal creek if the point meets above-mentioned two condition simultaneously, and uses surrounding
Average tidal flat surface elevation of the tidal flat surface elevation as the point, otherwise retains original Tidal flat.
Further, iterate to calculate and refer in the step S2：The height used when calculating dispersed elevation around each point each time
Number of passes is high according to for the last tidal flat surface elevation being calculated, making the surface elevation in tidal creek constantly level off to tidal flat around
Journey, stop iteration when the maximum variable quantity of the tidal flat surface elevation before and after certain iteration is less than grid DEM precision.
Further, the scope in Height Analysis region is located in tidal creek including what is identified in previous step in the step S31
Mesh point on the outside of the mesh point in portion, and the tidal creek being in contact with these points.
Further, the relativeness of each point height and elevation average value around it refers in the step S32：The point height
Whether less than the average tidal flat surface elevation of surrounding, and whether the surrounding averagely difference of tidal flat surface elevation and the point height exceedes tidal creek
Minimum-depth；The point is judged as the point inside tidal creek if the point meets above-mentioned two condition simultaneously, and it is average damp with surrounding
Tidal flat surface elevation of the beach surface elevation as the point, otherwise retains original Tidal flat.
Further, iterate to calculate and refer in the step S32：The height used when calculating dispersed elevation around each point each time
Number of passes is high according to for the last tidal flat surface elevation being calculated, making the surface elevation in tidal creek constantly level off to tidal flat around
Journey, stop iteration when the maximum variable quantity of the tidal flat surface elevation before and after certain iteration is less than grid DEM precision.
Further, surrounding elevation average value refers in the step S2：Average tidal flat table in twice of elevation comparison range
Face height value.
Further, surrounding elevation average value refers in the step S31：Average tidal flat surface in elevation comparison range is high
Journey value.
Beneficial effect：The invention discloses a kind of Creek system landform identifying processing method, when landform identifies by right
The point is judged whether inside tidal creek than the landform dispersed elevation near certain point, suitable for the tidal flat feelings that hypsography is larger
Condition, tidal creek profile can be accurately identified, and retain the original form of Creek system；Larger main tidal creek is identified first,
And progressively expand differentiate scope on this basis, whole Creek system is filled, ensure that the identification of the secondary tidal creek of scale is smaller
Precision, while avoid influence of the tidal flat hollow to recognition result；The present invention is simultaneously suitable for the analysis and extraction of network of waterways landform.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to be identified according to present embodiment progress tidal flat-Creek system and extract the flow of tidal creek morphological parameters
Figure；
Fig. 2 is tidal flat elevation map in present embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the two-dimensional representation by iterating to calculate tidal flat surface elevation；
Fig. 4 is main tidal creek face profile figure in present embodiment；
Fig. 5 is complete Creek system face profile in present embodiment；
Fig. 6 is tidal creek depth profile in present embodiment；
Fig. 7 is tidal creek axis, talweg, tidal creek width, tidal creek depth schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Present embodiment discloses a kind of Creek system landform identifying processing method, logical using this method processing below
Cross the terrain data that unmanned plane measurement obtains, measured zone is live tidal flat-Creek system near Jiangsu Province Dou Longgang, institute's geodetic
Area's scope is wider, and beach face has certain slope from land to sea, and some areas have hollow.
As shown in figure 1, this method comprises the following steps：
S1：A few place's tidal creek sections are randomly selected on the tidal flat by ARCGIS softwares, count tidal creek cross dimensions information,
Including section width, the average value of depth and substantially excursion, the tidal creek cross dimensions information then obtained according to statistics
Determine tidal creek minimum-depth 0.04m, the minimum-depth 0.2m of main tidal creek, elevation comparison range 10m and grid DEM precision
0.01m, and tidal flat three dimensional topographic data is changed into by ARCGIS softwares the form of terrain data matrix.It is illustrated in figure 2
Tidal flat elevation map in the present embodiment；The minimum depth value of wherein described main tidal creek refers to：Larger tide in Creek system
The minimum-depth of ditch, the minimum-depth should be greater than the depth of tidal flat surface hollow；The elevation comparison range refers to：To determine certain
Whether point is in inside tidal creek, it is necessary to the point height be contrasted with a range of dispersed elevation around the point, the model
Enclose and be named as elevation comparison range.
S2：Judge main Creek system：The each point of terrain data matrix is analyzed point by point, calculated using each point in
The heart, the dispersed elevation value in twice of elevation comparison range (20m), and contrasted with the point height, if the point height is less than week
Dispersed elevation is enclosed, and surrounding dispersed elevation and the difference of the point height exceed the minimum-depth 0.2m of main tidal creek, then sentence the point
The point to break inside for main tidal creek, is entered as 1 in tidal creek face profile matrix to the point, and with average around being calculated
Tidal flat surface elevation of the elevation as the point, otherwise retains original Tidal flat；Institute has a little all analyzed on whole tidal flat
After finishing, the tidal flat surface elevation on gamut after calculating for the first time is obtained, then carries out next iteration, but calculate surrounding
The altitude data used during dispersed elevation is the last tidal flat surface elevation being calculated, and makes the surface elevation in tidal creek continuous
Level off to tidal flat elevation around, the maximum variable quantity of the tidal flat surface elevation before and after certain iteration is less than grid DEM precision
During 0.01m, stop iteration, obtain tidal flat surface elevation matrix and main tidal creek face profile matrix, be illustrated in figure 3 and pass through
The two-dimensional representation of tidal flat surface elevation is iterated to calculate, is illustrated in figure 4 the main tidal creek face profile figure of the present embodiment.
S3：Judge secondary tidal creek, specifically include following steps：
S31：Tidal creek face profile obtained by step S2 is expanded outwardly to the mesh point of a unit, as new round height
The scope of journey analyzed area：Height Analysis region after expansion includes the grid inside tidal creek identified in previous step
Mesh point on the outside of point and the tidal creek being in contact with these points；
S32：Each point height in Height Analysis region after expansion is analyzed：Calculate each point height comparison range
Average tidal flat surface elevation in (10m), and contrasted with the point height, if the point height is less than the average tidal flat surface of surrounding
Elevation, and the surrounding averagely difference of tidal flat surface elevation and the point height exceedes tidal creek minimum-depth 0.04m, then is judged as the point
Point inside tidal creek, is entered as 1 in tidal creek face profile matrix to the point, and is used as this by the use of the average tidal flat surface elevation of surrounding
The tidal flat surface elevation of point, otherwise retains original Tidal flat；Then continuous iteration, the altitude data that each iteration uses are
The tidal flat surface elevation that last time is calculated, the maximum variable quantity of the tidal flat surface elevation before and after certain iteration are less than height
During journey computational accuracy 0.01m, stop epicycle iteration, obtain tidal flat surface elevation matrix, and calculate the Creek system area of plane；
S33：Repeat step S31 and step S32, the Creek system area of plane before and after repeating no longer change, stopped
Iteration, final tidal creek face profile matrix and tidal flat surface elevation matrix are obtained, it is complete to be illustrated in figure 5 the present embodiment
Creek system face profile；
S4：Calculate tidal creek matrix of depths：By the landform in the tidal flat surface elevation matrix being finally calculated and step S1
Data matrix subtracts each other, and obtains tidal creek matrix of depths, and what the data in tidal creek matrix of depths at every bit represented is the tide at the point
Trench depth, if the tidal creek depth at certain point is zero, represent that the point is located at outside tidal creek, be illustrated in figure 6 the present embodiment tidal creek depth
Spend distribution map；
S5：Tidal creek axis is determined, specifically includes following steps：
S51：Identify tidal creek border：The point for being equal to 1 in tidal creek face profile matrix is analyzed, if centered on the point
Nine grids in there is 0 value, then it is tidal creek boundary point to define the point, and is entered as 2；
S52：Definition is away from frontier distance matrix：In tidal creek face profile matrix, using the point on tidal creek border as starting point, successively
Beeline of the point away from nearest border inside each tidal creek is calculated, and the beeline is assigned to the point；
S53：The point by point search in away from frontier distance matrix, if certain point is more than its left and right or upper and lower two away from frontier distance
Point, then it is tidal creek axis point to define the point；
S6：Tidal creek cross dimensions feature is counted, specifically includes following steps：
S61：Determine each section tidal creek width：In tidal creek face profile matrix, using each point on tidal creek axis as circle
The heart does circle, and ensures round size just without departing from tidal creek face profile, using diameter of a circle as the section on tidal creek it is wide
Degree；
S62：Determine each section tidal creek depth, cross-sectional area and tidal channel talweg：In tidal creek matrix of depths, search away from
Certain puts the closest borderline point of tidal creek on tidal creek axis, and the line for extending the boundary point and the axis point makes it
Intersect with another border, intersection point and the maximum of tidal creek depth in each point on the boundary point line are searched, as the section
Tidal creek depth, and the maximum point of tidal creek depth is defined as tidal channel talweg point；Tidal creek cross-sectional area connects for the section boundary point
Each point tidal creek depth on line is multiplied by the accumulated value of the value of sizing grid；
S63：Define each section asymmetry：Twice of the horizontal range of axis and talweg is again on section divided by this is disconnected
The tidal creek width in face, the section asymmetry index as the section.
This method can accurately identify tidal creek form, judge tidal creek bounds, extract tidal creek section information；Know in landform
Judge that the point whether inside tidal creek, has higher applicability by contrasting the landform dispersed elevation near certain point when other,
The larger tidal flat situation of hypsography can be applied to；This method identifies larger main tidal creek first, and basic herein
On progressively expand differentiate scope, fill whole Creek system, ensure that the accuracy of identification of the secondary tidal creek of scale is smaller, keep away simultaneously
Influence of the tidal flat hollow to recognition result is exempted from；This method is simultaneously suitable for the analysis and extraction of network of waterways landform.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. Creek system landform identifying processing method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：S1：A few place's tidal creek sections are randomly selected, count tidal creek cross dimensions information, the tidal creek section chi then obtained according to statistics Very little information determines tidal creek minimum-depth, the minimum-depth of main tidal creek, elevation comparison range and grid DEM precision, and by tide Beach three dimensional topographic data changes into the form of terrain data matrix；S2：Judge main Creek system：Each point in terrain data matrix is analyzed point by point, by contrast each point height with Relativeness of elevation average value judges whether the point is point in main tidal creek around it, and by iterating to calculate tidal flat surface Elevation matrix and tidal creek face profile matrix；S3：Judge secondary tidal creek, specifically include following steps：S31：Tidal creek face profile obtained by step S2 is expanded outwardly to the mesh point of a unit, as new round elevation point Analyse the scope in region；S32：Each point height in Height Analysis region after expansion is analyzed：By contrasting each point height and height around it The relativeness of journey average value judges whether the point is point in tidal creek, and by iterate to calculate tidal flat surface elevation matrix and Tidal creek face profile matrix；S33：Repeat step S31 and step S32, until the Creek system area of plane for repeating front and rear no longer changes, stopping changes In generation, obtain final tidal creek face profile matrix and tidal flat surface elevation matrix；S4：Calculate tidal creek matrix of depths：By the terrain data in the tidal flat surface elevation matrix being finally calculated and step S1 Matrix subtracts each other, and obtains tidal creek matrix of depths, and what the data in tidal creek matrix of depths at every bit represented is that tidal creek at the point is deep Degree, if the tidal creek depth at certain point is zero, represents that the point is located at outside tidal creek；S5：Tidal creek axis is determined, specifically includes following steps：S51：Identify tidal creek border：The point for being equal to 1 in tidal creek face profile matrix is analyzed, if nine centered on the point Occurs 0 value in the lattice of palace, then it is tidal creek boundary point to define the point, and is entered as 2；S52：Definition is away from frontier distance matrix：In tidal creek face profile matrix, using the point on tidal creek border as starting point, successively calculate Beeline of the point away from nearest border inside each tidal creek, and the beeline is assigned to the point；S53：The point by point search in away from frontier distance matrix, if certain point is more than its left and right or upper and lower at 2 points away from frontier distance, It is tidal creek axis point to define the point；S6：Tidal creek cross dimensions feature is counted, specifically includes following steps：S61：Determine each section tidal creek width：In tidal creek face profile matrix, done using each point on tidal creek axis as the center of circle Circle, and ensure round size just without departing from tidal creek face profile, using diameter of a circle as the section on tidal creek width；S62：Determine each section tidal creek depth, cross-sectional area and tidal channel talweg：In tidal creek matrix of depths, search away from tidal creek Certain puts the closest borderline point of tidal creek on axis, and the line for extending the boundary point and the axis point make its with it is another One border is intersected, and searches intersection point and the maximum of tidal creek depth in each point on the boundary point line, the tidal creek as the section Depth, and the maximum point of tidal creek depth is defined as tidal channel talweg point；Tidal creek cross-sectional area is on the section boundary point line Each point tidal creek depth be multiplied by sizing grid value accumulated value；S63：Define each section asymmetry：Twice of the horizontal range of axis and talweg be again divided by the section on section Tidal creek width, the section asymmetry index as the section.
- 2. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Tide in the step S2 Beach surface elevation matrix is the tidal flat surface elevation matrix after all tidal creeks are filled and led up.
- 3. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each point in the step S2 The relativeness of elevation and elevation average value around it refers to：Whether the point height is less than the average tidal flat surface elevation of surrounding, and Whether the surrounding averagely difference of tidal flat surface elevation and the point height exceedes the minimum-depth of main tidal creek；If the point meets simultaneously on State two conditions and the point is then judged as the point inside tidal creek, and the tidal flat table of the point is used as by the use of the average tidal flat surface elevation of surrounding Face elevation, otherwise retain original Tidal flat.
- 4. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Iteration in the step S2 Calculating refers to：The altitude data used when calculating dispersed elevation around each point each time is the last tidal flat surface being calculated Elevation, the surface elevation in tidal creek is set constantly to level off to tidal flat elevation around, the tidal flat surface elevation before and after certain iteration Maximum variable quantity stop iteration when being less than grid DEM precision.
- 5. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is high in the step S31 The scope of journey analyzed area includes the mesh point inside tidal creek identified in previous step, and be in contact with these points Mesh point on the outside of tidal creek.
- 6. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is each in the step S32 The relativeness of point height and elevation average value around it refers to：Whether the point height is less than the average tidal flat surface elevation of surrounding, And whether the surrounding averagely difference of tidal flat surface elevation and the point height exceedes tidal creek minimum-depth；If the point meets above-mentioned two simultaneously The point is then judged as the point inside tidal creek by individual condition, and high by the use of the tidal flat surface of surrounding average tidal flat surface elevation as the point Journey, otherwise retain original Tidal flat.
- 7. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S32 repeatedly Generation, which calculates, to be referred to：The altitude data used when calculating dispersed elevation around each point each time is the last tidal flat table being calculated Face elevation, the surface elevation in tidal creek is set constantly to level off to tidal flat elevation around, the tidal flat surface before and after certain iteration is high The maximum variable quantity of journey stops iteration when being less than grid DEM precision.
- 8. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Around in the step S2 Elevation average value refers to：Average tidal flat surface elevation value in twice of elevation comparison range.
- 9. Creek system landform identifying processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is all in the step S31 Elevation average value is enclosed to refer to：Average tidal flat surface elevation value in elevation comparison range.
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