CN109540690B - Pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on temperature control triaxial apparatus - Google Patents
Pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on temperature control triaxial apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on a temperature-controlled triaxial apparatus, which is characterized by comprising a frame, a sealed pressure chamber, an energy pile sample, a soil mass sample, a pressure chamber temperature control system, a pile sample temperature control system, a confining pressure loading system, a back pressure loading system, a pile sample loading system and a pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system; the energy pile sample penetrates through the bottom part of the sealed pressure chamber to enter the sealed pressure chamber, the soil mass sample is placed inside the sealed pressure chamber, the pressure chamber temperature control system, the confining pressure loading system, the back pressure loading system and the pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system are all connected with the sealed pressure chamber, the pile sample temperature control system is connected with the energy pile sample, and the pile sample loading system is embedded in the bottom of the frame. The method effectively realizes the consolidation process of the soil body around the pile under different temperature loads and pressure conditions, the size of the affected energy pile sample and the measurement of the mechanical property change of the pile-soil contact surface of the energy pile in the shearing process, and is favorable for promoting the research of the thermodynamic property of the energy pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on a temperature control triaxial apparatus, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering geotechnical testing instruments.
Background
With the development of shallow geothermal energy, the ground source heat pump technology is gradually popularized and applied, and the energy pile technology comprehensively considering the advantages of the pile foundation and the vertical pipe burying technology of the ground source heat pump is gradually applied. However, the thermodynamic properties of energy piles are relatively poorly studied; particularly, under cold and hot circulation, the friction force characteristic between the pile foundation and the surrounding soil body cannot be determined, which directly influences the calculation of the integral bearing capacity of the pile foundation; therefore, geotechnical engineers dare not to design the bearing capacity and settlement of the energy pile, and the wide popularization and application of the energy pile technology are influenced to a certain extent. Therefore, it is an urgent matter for geotechnical engineers to develop a measuring device and a testing method thereof, which can measure the pile-soil friction force of the energy pile.
Before the invention, the Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL201210078542.1 'a pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device and a testing method' discloses a pile-soil contact surface friction force testing device and a testing method based on a conventional geotechnical triaxial apparatus; a concrete sample and a hollow cylindrical soil sample are arranged in a conventional geotechnical triaxial apparatus pressure chamber, and the friction value of a pile-soil contact surface is measured by compressing the samples. Compared with the conventional direct shear apparatus and single shear apparatus tests, the technical method can consider the working conditions of surrounding soil sample drainage, non-drainage and the like, and can measure the axial deformation and the volume deformation of the soil body; however, the test device cannot consider the influence of factors such as pile body sample temperature and surrounding soil body test temperature, and the like, and it is relatively difficult to prepare a hollow cylindrical soil body sample and arrange a solid concrete sample on a conventional triaxial apparatus. The invention discloses a device and a method for testing friction force of an energy pile-soil contact surface, which are disclosed in Chinese patent No. ZL201410077507.7, and the device and the method are used for measuring the friction force characteristic of the pile-soil contact surface and considering the influence of the temperature of a pile body and a soil body on the friction force characteristic of the pile-soil contact surface, so that the friction force of the energy pile-soil contact surface can be better measured. However, in the technical method, only confining pressure can be applied to the soil body, that is, the pressure applied to the soil body around the pile along the pile body is equal to the pressure applied to the soil body around the pile in the direction perpendicular to the pile body, and the situation that the soil body around the pile in the actual engineering is stressed differently in two directions cannot be considered. Therefore, on the basis of the existing technical device, the testing device and the testing method are improved, the actual stress of the soil body is considered, and the measurement of the mechanical characteristics of the pile-soil contact surface of the energy pile has important significance for scientific and reasonable design of the energy pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on a temperature control triaxial apparatus.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on a temperature-controlled triaxial apparatus, which comprises a frame, a sealed pressure chamber, an energy pile sample, a soil mass sample, a pressure chamber temperature control system, a pile sample temperature control system, a confining pressure loading system, a back pressure loading system, a pile sample loading system and a pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system, wherein the sealed pressure chamber is used for containing energy pile samples; the upper end of the energy pile sample penetrates through the bottom of the sealed pressure chamber to enter the sealed pressure chamber, the soil mass sample is placed inside the sealed pressure chamber, the pressure chamber temperature control system, the confining pressure loading system, the back pressure loading system and the pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system are all connected with the sealed pressure chamber, the pile sample temperature control system is connected with the energy pile sample, the pile sample loading system is installed at the bottom of the frame, and the sealed pressure chamber is installed in the frame.
Preferentially, the sealing pressure chamber comprises a sealing pressure chamber top plate, a sealing pressure chamber bottom plate, a sealing cover, a fixing screw rod, a soil sample bottom platform and a top cover, the sealing cover comprises an outer sealing cover and an inner sealing cover, the outer sealing cover is sleeved on the inner sealing cover, an air interlayer is formed in a gap between the outer sealing cover and the inner sealing cover, the upper end of the sealing cover is fixedly connected with the sealing pressure chamber top plate, the lower end of the sealing cover is fixed onto the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate through the fixing screw rod, the soil sample bottom platform is fixedly arranged on the upper surface center of the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate, and the top cover is placed at the top of a soil sample.
Preferably, the sealing pressure chamber further comprises an upper sealing mechanism and a lower sealing mechanism, the upper sealing mechanism comprises a top metal sleeve ring and a top sealing ring, the top sealing ring and the top metal sleeve ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the top sealing ring is wrapped on the surface of the top dowel bar, and the top metal sleeve ring is fixedly connected with a top plate of the sealing pressure chamber in a sealing manner; the lower sealing mechanism comprises a bottom metal sleeve ring and a bottom sealing ring, the bottom sealing ring and the bottom metal sleeve ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the bottom sealing ring wraps the surface of the energy pile sample, the lower sealing mechanism is located below the soil sample bottom platform, and the bottom metal sleeve ring is fixedly connected with the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate in a sealing mode;
the sealed pressure chamber also comprises a rubber film, and the rubber film is attached to the outer side wall of the soil body sample; the sealing cover is made of organic glass.
Preferentially, the pile surrounding soil body vertical stress loading system comprises a top dowel bar, a top stress sensor and a top displacement sensor, the lower end of the top dowel bar penetrates through the top plate of the sealing pressure chamber and is abutted against the top cover, the lower end of the top stress sensor is abutted against the upper end of the top dowel bar, the upper end of the top stress sensor is fixedly connected with the frame, and the top displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on the top dowel bar.
Preferentially, the pile sample loading system comprises a bottom dowel bar, a bottom stress sensor and a bottom displacement sensor, wherein the upper end of the bottom dowel bar is abutted against the bottom of the energy pile sample, the upper end of the bottom stress sensor is fixedly connected with the lower end of the bottom dowel bar, the lower end of the bottom stress sensor is fixedly connected with the frame, and the bottom displacement sensor is vertically and fixedly arranged on the bottom dowel bar.
Preferably, the frame comprises a top limiting frame, a middle platform, a lifting platform, a base and two vertical limiting frames, two ends of the top limiting frame are respectively and vertically and fixedly connected with one vertical limiting frame, two ends of the middle platform are respectively and fixedly connected with one vertical limiting frame, the bottom plate of the sealed pressure chamber is placed on the lifting platform, the lifting platform is embedded in the middle platform, and the lower ends of the two vertical limiting frames are fixedly arranged on the base; the upper end of the top stress sensor is fixedly connected with the top limiting frame, the lower end of the bottom stress sensor is fixedly connected with the base, and the vertical lifting loading device is embedded in the base.
Preferentially, the vertical stress loading system of soil body all around the stake still permeates water the mechanism including filtering, it permeates water the mechanism and filters the mechanism down including last filtration to permeate water the mechanism, it includes top filter paper and the cyclic annular permeable stone in top to go up to filter the mechanism of permeating water, top filter paper with the cyclic annular permeable stone in top is placed from up down in proper order between top cap and the soil body sample, filter mechanism includes bottom filter paper and the cyclic annular permeable stone in bottom down, bottom filter paper with the cyclic annular permeable stone in bottom is placed from last to down in proper order soil sample bottom platform with between the soil body sample.
Preferentially, energy stake sample upper end is in proper order from upwards sealed passing down sealing mechanism with stretch into behind the soil sample bottom platform in the sealed cowling, energy stake sample lower extreme supports and leans on bottom dowel steel upper end, the bottom sealing ring with the bottom metal lantern ring is established and sliding connection from inside to outside the cover in proper order energy stake sample lower extreme.
Preferentially, the soil body sample is a hollow cylinder and is placed on the outer side of the energy pile sample and on the upper surface of the soil body bottom platform, a soil sample temperature sensor is inserted into the bottom of the soil body sample, and the upper end of the soil sample temperature sensor penetrates through the soil sample bottom platform and the lower filtering mechanism to extend into the soil body sample.
Preferably, the pile sample temperature control system comprises a constant-temperature water bath, a liquid pipeline, a pile heat transfer channel and a pile temperature sensor, and the upper end of the pile temperature sensor penetrates through and extends into the energy pile sample; the pile body heat transfer channel is a U-shaped channel and is arranged in the energy pile sample, the inlet of the pile body heat transfer channel is a pile body water inlet, and the outlet of the pile body heat transfer channel is a pile body water outlet; the constant temperature water bath tank is respectively communicated with the pile body water inlet and the pile body water outlet through the liquid pipeline.
Preferably, the pressure chamber temperature control system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature water bath, a liquid pipeline, a pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline, a pressure chamber temperature sensor, a top plate surface water inlet and a top plate surface water outlet,
spiral copper pipes are arranged in the cavity positions inside the sealing cover and outside the soil body sample to form the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline, the water inlet of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline is communicated with the water inlet on the surface of the top plate, the water outlet of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline is communicated with the water outlet on the surface of the top plate, and the water inlet on the surface of the top plate and the water outlet on the surface of the top plate are both communicated with the low-temperature constant-temperature water bath through the liquid pipeline;
the lower end of the pressure chamber temperature sensor penetrates through the top plate of the sealed pressure chamber and then extends into the hollow position in the sealed cover, and the lower end of the pressure chamber temperature sensor is located above the top cover.
Preferentially, the confining pressure loading system comprises a confining pressure valve, a temperature control triaxial apparatus host, a pipeline and a sensor lead, the confining pressure valve is installed on the side edge of the bottom plate of the sealing pressure chamber, the confining pressure valve is communicated with a hollow sealing channel which is arranged inside the bottom plate of the sealing pressure chamber, the hollow sealing channel is communicated with a central cavity of the bottom plate of the sealing pressure chamber, the temperature control triaxial apparatus host contains a hydraulic loading device, a flow sensor, a hydraulic sensor and a data acquisition channel, the temperature control triaxial apparatus host is connected with the confining pressure valve through the pipeline and the sensor lead, one end of the data acquisition channel is connected with the pressure chamber temperature sensor, the pile body temperature sensor, the soil sample temperature sensor, the top stress sensor, the bottom stress sensor, the top displacement sensor, the bottom displacement sensor, the flow sensor and the hydraulic sensor, the other end of the data acquisition channel is connected with a computer.
Preferably, the back pressure loading system comprises a back pressure pipe, a drain valve, a top drain pipe and a top drain valve, the back pressure pipe and the top drain pipe respectively penetrate through the bottom plate of the sealed pressure chamber and then extend into the top cover, the drain valve and the top drain valve are both arranged on the side edge of the bottom plate of the sealed pressure chamber, the drain valve is communicated with the back pressure pipe, and the top drain valve is communicated with the top drain pipe;
the back pressure loading system further comprises a hole pressure pipe, a hole pressure sensor and a hole pressure valve, the hole pressure pipe penetrates through a soil sample bottom platform and the lower surface of the lower filtering mechanism contacting a soil sample, the hole pressure valve is installed on the side edge of the bottom plate of the sealing pressure chamber, the hole pressure sensor is installed on the hole pressure valve, the hole pressure valve is communicated with the hole pressure pipe, and a hole pressure sensor lead is connected with a data acquisition channel in the temperature control triaxial apparatus host.
Preferentially, the use method of the pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on the temperature-controlled triaxial apparatus comprises the following steps:
step one, opening a confining pressure valve, filling water into a sealed pressure chamber, starting a temperature control triaxial apparatus host, starting a hydraulic loading device to apply pressure to the water in the sealed pressure chamber so as to apply confining pressure to a soil body sample, then adjusting the height of a lifting platform through a middle platform b, enabling a top force transmission rod to apply vertical pressure to the soil body sample, and opening a drain valve if the soil body sample needs to be solidified under a drainage condition so as to solidify the soil body sample;
after consolidation is completed, keeping confining pressure and top vertical pressure unchanged, keeping a drain valve open, starting a pressure chamber temperature control system and a pile sample temperature control system, respectively carrying out instant thermal consolidation on a hollow cylindrical soil sample and an energy pile sample by controlling the temperature of circulating liquid, namely applying long-term temperature load, recording readings of all temperature sensors, all flow sensors, all displacement sensors and all stress sensors along with time change, and analyzing volume change and displacement change of the energy pile sample in the energy pile system in the process of thermal consolidation of the soil sample around the pile under the combined action of confining pressure and vertical pressure;
after the thermal consolidation is completed, maintaining the temperature of the soil mass sample and the temperature of the energy pile sample to be stable at design values, and adjusting a vertical lifting loading device in a base c to slowly apply vertical displacement to the bottom dowel bar and the energy pile sample; according to a design working condition, if the third step needs to be carried out under a condition of no water drainage, the water drainage valve is kept closed, and the readings of each stress sensor, each displacement sensor and each pore pressure sensor are recorded;
and step four, if the soil mass sample is not solidified according to the experiment requirement, changing the temperatures of the soil mass sample and the energy pile sample according to the step two, slowly applying vertical displacement to the energy pile sample according to the step three, keeping the drainage valve closed, and recording the readings of each stress sensor, each displacement sensor and the pore pressure sensor.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
the heat transfer channel is arranged in the energy pile sample, the heat transfer pipeline is arranged in the sealed pressure chamber and is connected with the temperature control system, so that the temperature of the hollow cylindrical soil mass sample and the temperature of the energy pile sample are effectively controlled; the problem of measuring the friction force of the pile-soil contact surface of the energy pile is effectively solved by modifying a pressure chamber of a conventional temperature-controlled triaxial apparatus; by applying vertical pressure to the soil body around the pile, the actual stress of the soil body in the pile foundation system is effectively simulated, and the consolidation stress condition of the soil body around the pile is effectively improved; through the whole device system and the test steps, the soil mass consolidation process around the pile under different temperature load and pressure conditions, the influenced size of an energy pile sample and the measurement of the mechanical characteristic change of the pile-soil contact surface of the energy pile in the shearing process are effectively realized, the visual and three-dimensional observation and experiment are convenient, and the research on the thermodynamic characteristic of the energy pile is promoted; the improved pressure chamber and the combined temperature control system can be directly used on the existing geotechnical instruments; the method has the advantages of simple operation steps, strong operability, convenient control and easy realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a temperature controlled triaxial apparatus pressure chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a temperature controlled triaxial apparatus pressure chamber in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
The reference in the drawing is as follows, 1 a-top limiting frame, 1 b-middle platform, 1 c-base, 2-vertical limiting frame, 3 a-top plate of sealed pressure chamber, 3 b-bottom plate of sealed pressure chamber, 4-sealing cover, 5-air interlayer, 6-fixing screw, 7-bottom platform of soil sample, 8-top cover, 9 a-upper filtering water permeable mechanism, 9 b-lower filtering water permeable mechanism, 10-soil sample, 11-rubber film, 12-energy pile sample, 13-back pressure pipe, 14-hole pressure pipe, 15-top drain pipe, 16-pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline, 17-top plate surface water inlet, 18-top plate surface water outlet, 19-pile body water inlet, 20-pile body water outlet, 21-pile body heat transfer channel, 22-pressure chamber temperature sensor, 23-pile body temperature sensor, 24-soil sample temperature sensor, 25 a-upper sealing mechanism, 25 b-lower sealing mechanism, 26-top dowel bar, 27-bottom dowel bar, 28-top stress sensor, 29-bottom stress sensor, 30-top displacement sensor, 31-bottom displacement sensor, 32-lifting platform, 33-drain valve, 34-hole pressure sensor, 35-hole pressure valve, 36-surrounding pressure valve, 37-top drain valve, 38-soil sample temperature sensor lead channel, 39-low temperature constant temperature water bath, 40-liquid pipeline a, 41-constant temperature water bath, 42-liquid pipeline b, 43-temperature control triaxial apparatus host, 44-pipeline and sensor lead, 45-data line, 46-computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on a temperature control triaxial apparatus comprises a frame, a sealed pressure chamber, an energy pile sample 12, a soil mass sample 10, a pressure chamber temperature control system, a pile sample temperature control system, a confining pressure loading system, a back pressure loading system, a pile sample loading system and a pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system; the upper end of the energy pile sample 12 penetrates through the bottom of the sealed pressure chamber to enter the sealed pressure chamber, the soil mass sample 10 is placed inside the sealed pressure chamber, the pressure chamber temperature control system, the confining pressure loading system, the back pressure loading system and the pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system are all connected with the sealed pressure chamber, the pile sample temperature control system is connected with the energy pile sample 12, the pile sample loading system is installed at the bottom of the frame, and the sealed pressure chamber is installed in the frame.
Further, the sealing pressure chamber comprises a sealing pressure chamber top plate 3a, a sealing pressure chamber bottom plate 3b, a sealing cover 4, a fixing screw rod 6, a soil sample bottom platform 7 and a top cover 8, the sealing cover 4 comprises an outer sealing cover and an inner sealing cover, the outer sealing cover is sleeved on the inner sealing cover, an air interlayer 5 is formed in a gap between the outer sealing cover and the inner sealing cover, the upper end of the sealing cover 4 is fixedly connected with the sealing pressure chamber top plate 3a, the lower end of the sealing cover 4 is fixed on the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate 3b through the fixing screw rod 6, the soil sample bottom platform 7 is fixedly arranged at the center of the upper surface of the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate 3b, and the top cover 8 is arranged at the top of the soil sample 10.
Further, the sealing pressure chamber further comprises an upper sealing mechanism 25a and a lower sealing mechanism 25b, the upper sealing mechanism 25a comprises a top metal sleeve ring and a top sealing ring, the top sealing ring and the top metal sleeve ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the top sealing ring is wrapped on the surface of the top dowel bar 26, and the top metal sleeve ring is fixedly connected with the top plate 3a of the sealing pressure chamber in a sealing manner; the lower sealing mechanism 25b comprises a bottom metal sleeve ring and a bottom sealing ring, the bottom sealing ring and the bottom metal sleeve ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the bottom sealing ring wraps the surface of the energy pile sample 12, the lower sealing mechanism 25b is located below the soil sample bottom platform 7, and the bottom metal sleeve ring is fixedly connected with the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate 3b in a sealing mode;
the sealed pressure chamber further comprises a rubber film 11, and the rubber film 11 is attached to the outer side wall of the soil body sample 10; the sealing cover 4 is made of organic glass.
Further, the pile surrounding soil body vertical stress loading system comprises a top dowel bar 26, a top stress sensor 28 and a top displacement sensor 30, the lower end of the top dowel bar 26 penetrates through the top plate 3a of the sealed pressure chamber and abuts against the top cover 8, the lower end of the top stress sensor 28 abuts against the upper end of the top dowel bar 26, the upper end of the top stress sensor 28 is fixedly connected with the frame, and the top displacement sensor 30 is fixedly arranged on the top dowel bar 26.
Further, the pile sample loading system comprises a bottom dowel bar 27, a bottom stress sensor 29 and a bottom displacement sensor 31, the upper end of the bottom dowel bar 27 is abutted against the bottom of the energy pile sample 12, the upper end of the bottom stress sensor 29 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the bottom dowel bar 27, the lower end of the bottom stress sensor 29 is fixedly connected with the frame, and the bottom displacement sensor 31 is vertically and fixedly arranged on the bottom dowel bar 27.
Further, the frame comprises a top limiting frame 1a, a middle platform 1b, a lifting platform 32, a base 1c and two vertical limiting frames 2, two ends of the top limiting frame 1a are respectively and vertically and fixedly connected with one vertical limiting frame 2, two ends of the middle platform 1b are respectively and fixedly connected with one vertical limiting frame 2, the bottom plate 3b of the sealed pressure chamber is placed on the lifting platform 32, the lifting platform 32 is embedded in the middle platform 1b, and the lower ends of the two vertical limiting frames 2 are fixedly arranged on the base 1 c; the upper end of the top stress sensor 28 is fixedly connected with the top limiting frame 1a, the lower end of the bottom stress sensor 29 is fixedly connected with the base 1c, and the base 1c is embedded with a vertical lifting loading device.
Further, pile periphery soil body vertical stress loading system still includes the mechanism of permeating water of filtering, it permeates water the mechanism and includes and filters mechanism 9a and the mechanism 9b of permeating water down to filter the mechanism, it permeates water the mechanism 9a and includes top filter paper and the cyclic annular permeable stone in top to filter to go up, top filter paper with the cyclic annular permeable stone in top is placed from making progress down in proper order between top cap 8 and the soil body sample 10, filter mechanism 9b includes bottom filter paper and the cyclic annular permeable stone in bottom down, bottom filter paper with the cyclic annular permeable stone in bottom is placed from making progress in proper order soil sample bottom platform 7 with between the soil body sample 10.
Further, the upper end of the energy pile sample 12 sequentially penetrates through the lower sealing mechanism 25b and the soil sample bottom platform 7 and then extends into the sealing cover 4, the lower end of the energy pile sample 12 abuts against the upper end of the bottom dowel bar 27, and the bottom sealing ring and the bottom metal lantern ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside and are connected with the lower end of the energy pile sample 12 in a sliding mode.
Further, the soil body sample 10 is a hollow cylinder and is placed on the outer side of the energy pile sample 12 and on the upper surface of the soil body bottom platform 7, a soil sample temperature sensor 24 is inserted into the bottom of the soil body sample 10, and the upper end of the soil sample temperature sensor 24 penetrates through the soil sample bottom platform 7 and the lower filtering mechanism 9b and extends into the soil body sample 10.
Further, the pile sample temperature control system comprises a constant temperature water bath 41, a liquid pipeline b42, a pile body heat transfer channel 21 and a pile body temperature sensor 23, wherein the upper end of the pile body temperature sensor 23 penetrates through and extends into the energy pile sample 12; the pile body heat transfer channel 21 is a U-shaped channel and is arranged in the energy pile sample 12, the inlet of the pile body heat transfer channel 21 is a pile body water inlet 19, and the outlet of the pile body heat transfer channel 21 is a pile body water outlet 20; the constant temperature water bath 41 is respectively communicated with the pile body water inlet 19 and the pile body water outlet 20 through the liquid pipeline b 42.
Further, the pressure chamber temperature control system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature water bath 39, a liquid pipeline a40, a pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline 16, a pressure chamber temperature sensor 22, a top plate surface water inlet 17 and a top plate surface water outlet 18,
spiral copper pipes are arranged in the cavity positions inside the sealing cover 4 and outside the soil body sample 10 to form the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline 16, the water inlet of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline 16 is communicated with the top plate surface water inlet 17, the water outlet of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline 16 is communicated with the top plate surface water outlet 18, and the top plate surface water inlet 17 and the top plate surface water outlet 18 are both communicated with the low-temperature constant-temperature water bath 39 through the liquid pipeline a 40;
the lower end of the pressure chamber temperature sensor 22 penetrates through the sealing pressure chamber top plate 3a and then extends into the hollow position in the sealing cover 4, and the lower end of the pressure chamber temperature sensor 22 is positioned above the top cover 8.
Further, confining pressure loading system includes that confining pressure valve 36, temperature control triaxial apparatus host computer 43, pipeline and sensor lead wire 44, confining pressure valve 36 installs sealed pressure chamber bottom plate 3b side, confining pressure valve 36 is linked together with the inside hollow sealed passageway of seting up of sealed pressure chamber bottom plate 3b, hollow sealed passageway intercommunication sealed pressure chamber bottom plate 3b central cavity, temperature control triaxial apparatus host computer 43 contains hydraulic pressure loading device, flow sensor, hydraulic sensor and data acquisition passageway, temperature control triaxial apparatus host computer 43 through pipeline and sensor lead wire 44 with confining pressure valve 36 links to each other, data acquisition passageway one end is connected pressure chamber temperature sensor 22, pile body temperature sensor 23 soil sample temperature sensor 24 top stress sensor 28 bottom stress sensor 29 top displacement sensor 30, The bottom displacement sensor 31, the flow sensor and the hydraulic sensor, and the other end of the data acquisition channel is connected with a computer 46.
Further, the back pressure loading system comprises a back pressure pipe 13, a drain valve 33, a top drain pipe 15 and a top drain valve 37, the back pressure pipe 13 and the top drain pipe 15 respectively penetrate through the bottom plate 3b of the sealed pressure chamber and then extend into the top cover 8, the drain valve 33 and the top drain valve 37 are both installed on the side edge of the bottom plate 3b of the sealed pressure chamber, the drain valve 33 is communicated with the back pressure pipe 13, and the top drain valve 37 is communicated with the top drain pipe 15;
backpressure loading system still includes hole pressure pipe 14, hole pressure sensor 34 and hole pressure valve 35, hole pressure pipe 14 passes soil sample bottom platform 7 with lower filter mechanism 9b contacts soil body sample 10 lower surface, hole pressure valve 35 is installed sealed pressure chamber bottom plate 3b side, hole pressure sensor 34 is installed on hole pressure valve 35, hole pressure valve 35 with hole pressure pipe 14 intercommunication, hole pressure sensor 34 lead wire with data acquisition channel connects in the control by temperature change triaxial apparatus host computer 43.
Further, a use method of the pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on the temperature control triaxial apparatus comprises the following steps:
step one, opening a confining pressure valve, filling water into a sealed pressure chamber, starting a temperature control triaxial apparatus host, starting a hydraulic loading device to apply pressure to the water in the sealed pressure chamber so as to apply confining pressure to the soil body sample 10, then adjusting the height of a lifting platform 32 through a middle platform 1b, enabling a top dowel bar 26 to apply vertical pressure to the soil body sample 10, and opening a drain valve 33 to consolidate the soil body sample 10 if the soil body sample 10 needs to be consolidated under a drainage condition;
step two, after consolidation is completed, keeping confining pressure and top vertical pressure unchanged, keeping a drain valve 33 open, starting a pressure chamber temperature control system and a pile sample temperature control system, respectively carrying out instant thermal consolidation on the hollow cylindrical soil body sample 10 and the energy pile sample 12 by controlling the temperature of circulating liquid, namely applying long-term temperature load, recording readings of all temperature sensors, all flow sensors, all displacement sensors and all stress sensors along with time change, and analyzing volume change and displacement change of the energy pile sample in the pile surrounding soil body sample thermal consolidation process in the energy pile body system under the combined action of confining pressure and vertical pressure;
after the thermal consolidation is completed, maintaining the temperature of the soil mass sample 10 and the temperature of the energy pile sample 12 to be stable at design values, and adjusting a vertical lifting loading device in the base 1c to slowly apply vertical displacement to the bottom dowel bar 27 and the energy pile sample 12; according to a design working condition, if the third step needs to be carried out under a condition of no water drainage, the water drainage valve 33 is kept closed, and the readings of each stress sensor, each displacement sensor and each pore pressure sensor are recorded;
and step four, if the soil mass sample 10 is not solidified according to the experiment requirement, changing the temperatures of the soil mass sample 10 and the energy pile sample 12 according to the step two, slowly applying vertical displacement to the energy pile sample 12 according to the step three, keeping the water discharge valve 33 closed, and recording the readings of each stress sensor, each displacement sensor and the pore pressure sensor.
The triaxial apparatus main machine 43 is a market finished product, and is shown in detail in TSZ-3A type full-automatic strain control type triaxial apparatus bottom main machine and TSZ series full-automatic triaxial apparatus main machine of Nanjing soil instrument factory Limited, and data acquired by the triaxial apparatus main machine 43 through a data acquisition channel is displayed on a specific installation program of a computer 46 through a data line 45.
Vertical lifting loading device and lifting platform 32 structure are the same in this embodiment, can realize that the kind that this device required is many among the prior art, and technical personnel in the field can choose for use according to actual demand, and the model that adopts in this embodiment is the full-automatic strain control formula triaxial apparatus base of Nanjing soil instrument factory Limited TSZ-3A type or the full-automatic triaxial apparatus base of TSZ series.
The principle that the middle platform applies displacement to the lifting platform is shown in a TSZ-3A type full-automatic strain control type triaxial apparatus base or a TSZ series full-automatic triaxial apparatus base of Nanjing soil instrument factory Limited.
The model of the constant temperature water bath 41 is a BILON-HW-10S constant temperature water bath of Shanghai Bilang apparatus manufacturing company Limited; the low-temperature constant-temperature water bath 39 is a BILON brand DC series low-temperature constant-temperature water bath of Shanghai Bilang instrument manufacturing limited company, and a temperature sensor, a temperature controller, a pump machine and the like are arranged in the water bath 39. The temperature of the pile body is controlled by introducing constant-temperature liquid into the pile, and the liquid can circulate because a pump is arranged in the water bath.
The sealing pressure chamber consists of a sealing cover 4 made of organic glass, a plastic top plate 3a and a bottom plate 3b, and can resist the temperature of not higher than 60 ℃, the outer diameter of the sealing cover 4 is 450mm, and the height is 350 mm and 600 mm; the diameter of the plastic bottom plate 3b is consistent with the outer diameter of the sealing cover, the thickness is 50-70mm, a hole which is consistent with the diameter of the energy pile sample is reserved in the center of the plastic bottom plate, and a metal lantern ring and a sealing ring are arranged; a heat transfer pipeline is arranged in the cavity of the sealing cover, and a water inlet, a water outlet, a temperature sensor and an air outlet are reserved on the surface of the top plate (water is conveniently injected into the sealing pressure chamber); the water inlet and the water outlet are connected with the rest parts of the pressure chamber temperature control system, and the range of the temperature sensor is-10oC to 70oC。
The pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline is a copper pipe, the inner diameter of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline is 6-8mm, the wall thickness of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline is 1-2mm, the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline is spirally distributed in a cavity of the pressure chamber, and the total length of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline is 6-15 m; is connected with the rest parts of the pressure chamber temperature control system through a water inlet and a water outlet on the surface of the top plate of the pressure chamber.
The energy pile test sample 12 is a prefabricated cylindrical concrete block or steel block, the concrete strength is C20-C60, the diameter of the prefabricated concrete pile or steel pile test sample is 25-40mm, the height is 150-220mm, and the roughness of the outer side surface of the concrete pile or steel pile test sample is set according to actual requirements; heat transfer pipes are pre-embedded in the prefabricated cylindrical concrete blocks, and heat transfer channels 21 (hollow heat transfer channels are formed by holes) are pre-arranged in the prefabricated steel piles.
The pile body heat transfer channel 12 is a copper pipe or a steel pipe, has the inner diameter of 4-8mm, the wall thickness of 1-2mm and the length of 280-420mm, and is pre-embedded in the cylindrical concrete pile; the channel is in a single U shape; the pile body heat transfer channel is connected with the rest parts of the pile sample temperature control system.
The inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical soil body sample 10 is 25-40mm, the hollow cylindrical soil body sample is consistent with the diameter of the energy pile sample and is tightly attached, the outer diameter is 61.8-101mm, and the height is 125-200 mm; the soil body category can be sand soil, silt soil or clay, and the remade soil sample or the undisturbed soil sample can be used.
The height of the top cover 8 is 30-50mm, the outer diameter is consistent with the outer diameter of the soil body around the pile, a cylindrical opening is arranged in the center of the bottom, the inner wall is smooth, the height of the opening is 10-40mm, the diameter is consistent with that of an energy pile sample, and the top cover is connected with a back pressure pipe and a top drain pipe; the height of the annular permeable stone is 10mm, the inner diameter of the annular permeable stone is consistent with that of the energy pile sample, and the outer diameter of the annular permeable stone is consistent with that of the soil body around the pile.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The use method of the pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on the temperature control triaxial apparatus is characterized in that the pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on the temperature control triaxial apparatus comprises a frame, a sealing pressure chamber, an energy pile sample (12), a soil mass sample (10), a pressure chamber temperature control system, a pile sample temperature control system, a confining pressure loading system, a back pressure loading system, a pile sample loading system and a pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system; the upper end of the energy pile sample (12) penetrates through the bottom of the sealed pressure chamber to enter the sealed pressure chamber, the soil mass sample (10) is placed inside the sealed pressure chamber, the pressure chamber temperature control system, the confining pressure loading system, the back pressure loading system and the pile surrounding soil mass vertical stress loading system are all connected with the sealed pressure chamber, the pile sample temperature control system is connected with the energy pile sample (12), the pile sample loading system is installed at the bottom of the frame, and the sealed pressure chamber is installed in the frame;
the sealing pressure chamber comprises a sealing pressure chamber top plate (3 a), a sealing pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b), a sealing cover (4), a fixing screw rod (6), a soil sample bottom platform (7) and a top cover (8), wherein the sealing cover (4) comprises an outer sealing cover and an inner sealing cover, the outer sealing cover is sleeved on the inner sealing cover, an air interlayer (5) is formed in a gap between the outer sealing cover and the inner sealing cover, the upper end of the sealing cover (4) is fixedly connected with the sealing pressure chamber top plate (3 a), the lower end of the sealing cover (4) is fixed on the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b) through the fixing screw rod (6), the soil sample bottom platform (7) is fixedly arranged in the center of the upper surface of the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b), and the top cover (8) is arranged at the top of the soil sample (10); the sealing pressure chamber further comprises an upper sealing mechanism (25 a) and a lower sealing mechanism (25 b), the upper sealing mechanism (25 a) comprises a top metal sleeve ring and a top sealing ring, the top sealing ring and the top metal sleeve ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the top sealing ring is wrapped on the surface of the top dowel bar (26), and the top metal sleeve ring is fixedly connected with a top plate (3 a) of the sealing pressure chamber in a sealing mode; the lower sealing mechanism (25 b) comprises a bottom metal sleeve ring and a bottom sealing ring, the bottom sealing ring and the bottom metal sleeve ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the bottom sealing ring wraps the surface of the energy pile test sample (12), the lower sealing mechanism (25 b) is located below the soil sample bottom platform (7), and the bottom metal sleeve ring is fixedly connected with the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b) in a sealing mode;
the sealed pressure chamber further comprises a rubber film (11), and the rubber film (11) is attached to the outer side wall of the soil body sample (10); the sealing cover (4) is made of organic glass;
the pressure chamber temperature control system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature water bath (39), a liquid pipeline a (40), a pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline (16), a pressure chamber temperature sensor (22), a top plate surface water inlet (17) and a top plate surface water outlet (18),
a spiral copper pipe is arranged in a cavity position inside the sealing cover (4) and outside the soil body sample (10) to form the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline (16), a water inlet of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline (16) is communicated with the top plate surface water inlet (17), a water outlet of the pressure chamber heat transfer pipeline (16) is communicated with the top plate surface water outlet (18), and the top plate surface water inlet (17) and the top plate surface water outlet (18) are both communicated with the low-temperature constant-temperature water bath (39) through the liquid pipeline a (40);
the lower end of the pressure chamber temperature sensor (22) penetrates through the top plate (3 a) of the sealed pressure chamber and then extends into the hollow position in the sealed cover (4), and the lower end of the pressure chamber temperature sensor (22) is positioned above the top cover (8);
the pile surrounding soil body vertical stress loading system comprises a top dowel bar (26), a top stress sensor (28) and a top displacement sensor (30), wherein the lower end of the top dowel bar (26) penetrates through the top plate (3 a) of the sealed pressure chamber and abuts against the top cover (8), the lower end of the top stress sensor (28) abuts against the upper end of the top dowel bar (26), the upper end of the top stress sensor (28) is fixedly connected with the frame, and the top displacement sensor (30) is fixedly arranged on the top dowel bar (26);
the pile soil body vertical stress loading system further comprises a filtering and water permeating mechanism, the filtering and water permeating mechanism comprises an upper filtering and water permeating mechanism (9 a) and a lower filtering and water permeating mechanism (9 b), the upper filtering and water permeating mechanism (9 a) comprises top filter paper and top annular permeable stones, the top filter paper and the top annular permeable stones are sequentially placed between the top cover (8) and the soil body sample (10) from bottom to top, the lower filtering and water permeating mechanism (9 b) comprises bottom filter paper and bottom annular permeable stones, and the bottom filter paper and the bottom annular permeable stones are sequentially placed between the soil sample bottom platform (7) and the soil body sample (10) from top to bottom;
the pile sample loading system comprises a bottom dowel bar (27), a bottom stress sensor (29) and a bottom displacement sensor (31), the upper end of the bottom dowel bar (27) abuts against the bottom of the energy pile sample (12), the upper end of the bottom stress sensor (29) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the bottom dowel bar (27), the lower end of the bottom stress sensor (29) is fixedly connected with the frame, and the bottom displacement sensor (31) is vertically and fixedly arranged on the bottom dowel bar (27);
the frame comprises a top limiting frame (1 a), a middle platform (1 b), a lifting platform (32), a base (1 c) and two vertical limiting frames (2), wherein two ends of the top limiting frame (1 a) are respectively and vertically and fixedly connected with one vertical limiting frame (2), two ends of the middle platform (1 b) are respectively and fixedly connected with one vertical limiting frame (2), a sealing pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b) is placed on the lifting platform (32), the lifting platform (32) is embedded in the middle platform (1 b), and the lower ends of the two vertical limiting frames (2) are fixedly arranged on the base (1 c); the upper end of the top stress sensor (28) is fixedly connected with the top limiting frame (1 a), the lower end of the bottom stress sensor (29) is fixedly connected with the base (1 c), and a vertical lifting loading device is embedded in the base (1 c); the upper end of the energy pile sample (12) penetrates through the lower sealing mechanism (25 b) and the soil sample bottom platform (7) from bottom to top in a sealing mode in sequence and then extends into the sealing cover (4), the lower end of the energy pile sample (12) abuts against the upper end of the bottom dowel bar (27), and the bottom sealing ring and the bottom metal lantern ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside and are connected with the lower end of the energy pile sample (12) in a sliding mode; the soil sample (10) is a hollow cylinder and is placed on the outer side of the energy pile sample (12) and the upper surface of the soil sample bottom platform (7), a soil sample temperature sensor (24) is inserted into the bottom of the soil sample (10), and the upper end of the soil sample temperature sensor (24) penetrates through the soil sample bottom platform (7) and the lower filtering and water permeating mechanism (9 b) and extends into the soil sample (10);
the pile sample temperature control system comprises a constant temperature water bath (41), a liquid pipeline b (42), a pile body heat transfer channel (21) and a pile body temperature sensor (23), wherein the upper end of the pile body temperature sensor (23) penetrates through and extends into the energy pile sample (12); the pile body heat transfer channel (21) is a U-shaped channel and is arranged inside the energy pile test sample (12), the inlet of the pile body heat transfer channel (21) is a pile body water inlet (19), and the outlet of the pile body heat transfer channel (21) is a pile body water outlet (20); the constant-temperature water bath (41) is respectively communicated with the pile body water inlet (19) and the pile body water outlet (20) through the liquid pipeline b (42);
enclose and press loading system including enclosing and press valve (36), control by temperature change triaxial apparatus host computer (43), pipeline and sensor lead wire (44), enclose and press valve (36) to install sealed pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b) side, enclose that press valve (36) and sealed pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b) inside hollow sealed passageway of seting up are linked together, hollow sealed passageway intercommunication sealed pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b) central cavity, contain hydraulic loading device, flow sensor, hydraulic sensor and data acquisition passageway in control by temperature change triaxial apparatus host computer (43), control by temperature change triaxial apparatus host computer (43) pass through pipeline and sensor lead wire (44) with enclose and press valve (36) and link to each other, data acquisition passageway one end is connected pressure chamber temperature sensor (22) pile body temperature sensor (23) soil sample temperature sensor (24), The top stress sensor (28), the bottom stress sensor (29), the top displacement sensor (30), the bottom displacement sensor (31), the flow sensor and the hydraulic sensor, and the other end of the data acquisition channel is connected with a computer (46);
the back pressure loading system comprises a back pressure pipe (13), a drain valve (33), a top drain pipe (15) and a top drain valve (37), the back pressure pipe (13) and the top drain pipe (15) respectively penetrate through the bottom plate (3 b) of the sealed pressure chamber and then extend into the top cover (8), the drain valve (33) and the top drain valve (37) are both installed on the side edge of the bottom plate (3 b) of the sealed pressure chamber, the drain valve (33) is communicated with the back pressure pipe (13), and the top drain valve (37) is communicated with the top drain pipe (15);
the back pressure loading system further comprises a pore pressure pipe (14), a pore pressure sensor (34) and a pore pressure valve (35), the pore pressure pipe (14) penetrates through the soil sample bottom platform (7) and the lower filtering water permeable mechanism (9 b) to contact the lower surface of the soil sample (10), the pore pressure valve (35) is installed on the side edge of the sealing pressure chamber bottom plate (3 b), the pore pressure sensor (34) is installed on the pore pressure valve (35), the pore pressure valve (35) is communicated with the pore pressure pipe (14), and a lead of the pore pressure sensor (34) is connected with a data acquisition channel in the temperature control triaxial instrument host (43);
the use method of the pile-soil contact surface mechanical property testing device based on the temperature control triaxial apparatus comprises the following steps:
step one, opening a confining pressure valve, filling water into a sealed pressure chamber, starting a temperature control triaxial apparatus host, starting a hydraulic loading device to apply pressure to the water in the sealed pressure chamber so as to apply confining pressure to a soil body sample (10), then adjusting the height of a lifting platform (32) through a middle platform (1 b), so that a top dowel bar (26) applies vertical pressure to the soil body sample (10), and opening a drain valve (33) if the soil body sample (10) needs to be consolidated under a drainage condition so as to consolidate the soil body sample (10);
step two, after consolidation is completed, keeping confining pressure and top vertical pressure unchanged, keeping a drain valve (33) open, starting a pressure chamber temperature control system and a pile sample temperature control system, respectively carrying out instant thermal consolidation on a hollow cylindrical soil sample (10) and an energy pile sample (12) by controlling the temperature of circulating liquid, namely applying long-term temperature load, recording readings of each temperature sensor, each flow sensor, each displacement sensor and each stress sensor along with time change, and analyzing volume change and displacement change of the energy pile sample in the thermal consolidation process of the soil sample around the pile in the energy pile system under the combined action of the confining pressure and the vertical pressure;
after the thermal consolidation is completed, maintaining the temperature of the soil mass sample (10) and the temperature of the energy pile sample (12) to be stable at design values, and adjusting a vertical lifting loading device in a base (1 c) to slowly apply vertical displacement to a bottom dowel bar (27) and the energy pile sample (12); according to a design working condition, if the third step needs to be carried out under the condition of no water drainage, the water drainage valve (33) is kept closed, and the readings of each stress sensor, each displacement sensor and each pore pressure sensor are recorded at the same time, if the third step needs to be carried out under the condition of water drainage, the water drainage valve (33) is kept open, and the readings of each stress sensor, each displacement sensor and each flow sensor along with the change of displacement are recorded at the same time;
and step four, if the soil mass sample (10) is not solidified according to the experiment requirement, after the temperatures of the soil mass sample (10) and the energy pile sample (12) are changed according to the step two, slowly applying vertical displacement to the energy pile sample (12) according to the step three, keeping the drainage valve (33) closed, and recording the readings of each stress sensor, each displacement sensor and the pore pressure sensor.
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