CN109538586A - 用于紧固车辆配件的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于紧固车辆配件的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN109538586A
CN109538586A CN201811087199.0A CN201811087199A CN109538586A CN 109538586 A CN109538586 A CN 109538586A CN 201811087199 A CN201811087199 A CN 201811087199A CN 109538586 A CN109538586 A CN 109538586A
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screw
fastening
vehicle accessory
washer
vehicle
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尧梅·阿瑞沙·布斯克茨
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ITW COHERER FASTENERS Co
ITW Metal Fasteners SL
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ITW COHERER FASTENERS Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D27/00Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
    • B62D27/06Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units readily releasable
    • B62D27/065Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units readily releasable using screwthread
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R9/00Supplementary fittings on vehicle exterior for carrying loads, e.g. luggage, sports gear or the like
    • B60R9/04Carriers associated with vehicle roof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0056Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels or the interlocking key perpendicular to the main plane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/024Positioning of sub-units or components with respect to body shell or other sub-units or components
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B33/00Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/004Sealing; Insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
    • F16B43/02Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts with special provisions for engaging surfaces which are not perpendicular to a bolt axis or do not surround the bolt
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • F16B5/0216Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the position of the plates to be connected being adjustable
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • F16B5/0216Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the position of the plates to be connected being adjustable
    • F16B5/0225Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the position of the plates to be connected being adjustable allowing for adjustment parallel to the plane of the plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • F16B5/0216Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the position of the plates to be connected being adjustable
    • F16B5/0233Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the position of the plates to be connected being adjustable allowing for adjustment perpendicular to the plane of the plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • F16B5/025Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread specially designed to compensate for misalignement or to eliminate unwanted play
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R9/00Supplementary fittings on vehicle exterior for carrying loads, e.g. luggage, sports gear or the like
    • B60R9/04Carriers associated with vehicle roof
    • B60R9/058Carriers associated with vehicle roof characterised by releasable attaching means between carrier and roof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

紧固装置包括通过螺纹拧紧在一起而连接的螺母(1)和螺钉(2),螺钉(2)相对于螺母(1)可移动,其中螺钉(2)包括头部(3),该头部(3)设置有能够在任何调整方向上倾斜的垫圈(4),垫圈(4)的轴线能够通过相对于螺钉(2)的轴线倾斜而在一定角度内移动。紧固方法包括以下步骤:将紧固装置垂直地引入多边形孔中,直到密封件(6)抵靠车辆的车顶,以及在逆时针方向上旋转该装置直到其抵靠车顶。它允许执行调整功能并且补偿紧固的配件与车身之间的平行度和公差上的不足。

Description

用于紧固车辆配件的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种装置和方法,其用于紧固车辆配件以例如将车顶梁固定到汽车的车顶,并且用于补偿车顶梁的接触表面与车身之间的平行度的差异。
背景技术
紧固装置,其目的是将配件固定到支撑面板或表面上,并且其允许在所述面板和框架或支撑表面之间具有可变空间,所述紧固装置被固定在所述面板和框架或支撑表面上以进行保护,这样的紧固装置是已知的。
常规的紧固装置包括螺母和中空螺钉。将螺钉拧到螺纹朝向相反方向的螺母的螺纹上;换句话说,螺钉的顺时针运动使得螺钉产生向后移动,而逆时针运动使螺钉在螺母内部产生向前移动。
中空螺钉在其内部具有齿,使得通过插入用于紧固该应用的螺钉,该应用的紧固螺钉的旋转也执行螺钉的拉动。
所述类型的紧固装置的已知功能表示,当螺钉被拧紧时,该顺时针旋转首先使螺钉从螺母向后移动,直到它覆盖支撑面板与车架之间的所有间隔空间,其中紧固装置固定在该车架上。
其次,继续拧紧该紧固螺钉的动作使所述螺钉向前移动并紧固待安装的配件。
例如,文献EP2796729A1描述了一种补偿器螺母,其中补偿器螺母的螺钉具有内部连接构件,该内部连接构件由从表面朝向所述螺钉的轴向轴定向的支腿形成。
这些类型的螺钉装在包含多个螺钉的盒子中,操作者拾取螺钉并将它们放在安装点,同时他们还拾取应用附接螺钉和应用支撑件,并将所述螺钉引入到补偿器螺母的螺钉的中空结构中。通过自动螺纹加工机,补偿器螺母的膨胀和其应用支撑件的紧固都在单次操作中完成。
这些类型的操作重复多次,并且理想地以最大程度的安全性和尽可能少的时间完成。有效且简单的过程可以通过在装配线上对该过程的数次重复,而使其益处倍增,并且总体上代表制造成本方面的重要经济性。
其他类似的紧固装置由本申请的同一申请人在文献WO2016126462A1和ES2575052A1中描述。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种紧固装置,该紧固装置允许执行调节功能并且补偿紧固的配件和车辆的车身之间的平行度和公差的不足。
发明内容
本发明的紧固装置和方法解决了上述缺点,并具有下文描述的其他优点。
根据本发明的用于紧固车辆配件的装置包括通过螺纹拧紧在一起而连接的螺母和螺钉,螺钉可相对于螺母移动,其中螺钉包括设有垫圈的头部。
有利地,所述螺钉头部具有外凸的形状,其与垫圈的内凹的形状互补,并且所述垫圈优选地通过弹性接头——例如通过至少一个粘合点——连接到螺钉头部。
有利地,根据本发明的紧固装置还包括密封件,该密封件布置在螺母和紧固表面(例如,车辆的车顶)之间。
所述密封件可围绕螺钉的纵向轴线旋转,并且根据优选实施例,所述密封件由结合在一起的两个细长体构成,所述细长体基本上彼此垂直。所述密封件通过保持元件与螺钉成一体。此外,所述螺钉可在其内部包括包覆成型体,该包覆成型体也使螺钉头部与垫圈弹性地结合。
根据优选实施例,所述密封件由热塑性弹性体制成(以防止在车顶的车身上的摩擦磨损)并且所述垫圈是金属的。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及一种借助于如前所述的紧固装置紧固车辆配件的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
-将紧固装置垂直地引入车身的一个部件上的孔中;并且
-旋转紧固装置以将其定位。
-旋转螺钉以执行配件的最终紧固。
有利地,所述装置包括遇到装置的密封件的阻力的小于30°的第一旋转,以及直至达到最终止挡在80°和120°之间的第二旋转。
根据本发明的紧固装置和方法使得可以在两个非平行表面之间调节该紧固装置,直到达到一定程度的偏差,例如,高达4°,并且所述垫圈执行调节和补偿平行度和公差的不足的功能。
附图说明
出于帮助使前述描述更容易理解的目的,其附有一组附图,这些附图示意性地且通过说明而非限制的方式表示实施例。
图1是根据本发明的紧固装置的部件的分解立体图;
图2是根据本发明的紧固装置的部件处于其用于客户交付的安装位置的立体图;
图3是根据本发明的紧固装置的部件在车辆内处于其安装位置的立体图;
图4是垫圈和螺钉头部之间的接头的细节的剖视图;以及
图5是根据本发明的装置在车辆内处于其安装位置的立视图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,根据本发明的紧固装置包括通过用螺纹拧紧在一起而互相联接的螺母1和螺钉2,螺钉2可相对于所述螺母1移动,用于调节用于紧固配件的空间,所述配件例如为车顶梁和车身。
螺母1包括圆柱形部分和平坦部分,圆柱形部分的内部容纳螺钉2,而平坦部分在安装位置中与车辆10的车顶接触,如图2和5所示。
螺钉2包括头部3,头部3设置有调节垫圈4,调节垫圈4例如由金属制成,如将在本说明书中所示的,其执行调节和补偿紧固装置将要固定到的表面的平行度不足的功能。
为了实现这种调节和补偿功能,螺钉2的所述头部3具有与垫圈4的内凹形状互补的外凸形状,并且所述垫圈4优选地通过弹性接头5结合到螺钉2的头部3。弹性接头5可以通过一个或多个粘合点(例如硅烷)实现,或通过包覆成型体9来实现,如图3和4所示。如此,为了实现这种调节和补偿功能,垫圈4可以在任何方向上倾斜大约4°,如图5所示,其中还示出了焊接到车身的支撑件12。
根据本发明的紧固装置还包括由弹性材料制成的密封件6,该密封件6布置在螺母1与其将要紧固到的表面(例如,车辆10的车顶)之间。
根据示出的实施例,所述密封件6由结合在一起的两个细长体7和8构成,所述细长体7和8基本上彼此垂直。从图中可以看出,其中一个细长体7紧固在螺母1的平坦部分的内部。
该装置还能够围绕螺钉2的纵向轴线旋转,如下面将要说明的,在其安装时在80°和115°之间旋转,并且不会刮损车身的油漆,并且在安装紧固装置时允许纵向和横向移动。
仅作为示例,下面描述用于车辆上的车顶梁的紧固方法。
首先,手动地或使用工具,将装置从车辆的外部垂直地引入以使其通过在车顶上钻出的孔。当插入时,可以想象,在装置旋转之前和之后,密封件6在所有可能位置处都抵靠车顶10的车身。
然后以先前说明的方式使装置旋转。
其次,本发明的紧固螺钉11被垂直地引入以使其穿过车辆内部,并且手动地或使用螺丝刀使紧固螺钉11穿过车身的内支撑件的孔。在手动插入的情况下,它设置有塑料环13(图4),塑料环13具有保持功能,用于防止在拧紧之前其意外掉落。
然后,通过使螺钉刺穿螺钉2的包覆模制件的摩擦区域14并继续前进,如图3所示,通过螺丝刀使螺钉11向右旋转(根据螺钉11的拧紧方向),使得所述螺钉2旋转,并且通过沿顺时针方向旋转,螺钉前进,并且在距离和角度这两者中都存在公差补偿。
通过继续旋转螺钉11,螺钉被引入至车顶梁的螺母中(未示出),并且装置由于前述原因已经膨胀,所以组件的紧固发生,梁与车身成为一体。
尽管已经参考了本发明的特定实施例,但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可以对所描述的紧固装置和方法进行多种变化和改变,并且所有上述细节可以由其他技术上等同的细节代替,而不脱离所附权利要求限定的保护范围。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于紧固车辆配件的装置,包括:通过用螺纹拧紧在一起而联接的螺母(1)和螺钉(2),所述螺钉(2)相对于所述螺母(1)可移动,其特征在于:所述螺钉(2)包括头部(3),所述头部(3)设置有能够在任何调节方向上倾斜的垫圈(4),所述垫圈(4)的轴线能够通过相对于所述螺钉(2)的轴线倾斜而在一定角度内移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中所述螺钉(2)的所述头部(3)具有与所述垫圈(4)的内凹形状互补的外凸形状,或者相反情形。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中所述垫圈(4)通过弹性接头(5)接合到所述螺钉(2)的所述头部(3)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中所述弹性接头(5)由至少一个粘合点制成。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中所述螺钉(2)在其内侧包括包覆成型体(9),所述包覆成型体(9)在所述螺钉(2)的所述头部(3)和所述垫圈(4)之间包含弹性接头,所述垫圈(4)用于保持所述弹性接头。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中,所述紧固装置还包括与所述螺母(1)一体的密封件(6),所述密封件布置在所述螺母(1)和紧固表面之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中与所述螺母(1)成一体的所述密封件(6)能够围绕所述螺钉(2)的纵向轴线旋转。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中所述密封件(6)由结合在一起的两个细长体(7,8)构成,所述两个细长体(7,8)基本上彼此垂直。
9.根据权利要求6所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中所述密封件(6)由热塑性弹性体制成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于紧固车辆配件的装置,其中所述垫圈(4)是金属制的。
11.一种借助于根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的紧固装置用于紧固车辆配件的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-将所述紧固装置垂直地引入到多边形孔中,直到所述密封件(6)抵靠所述车辆的车顶;以及
-沿逆时针方向旋转所述装置,直到其抵靠所述车辆的所述车顶。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于紧固车辆配件的方法,其中,所述旋转所述装置包括:在10°和30°之间作第一旋转,通过遇到所述多边形孔的面,而在所述旋转中遇到所述装置的所述密封件(6)的阻力;以及在80°和120°之间作第二次旋转直至达到最终止挡。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于紧固车辆配件的方法,其中通过在所述装置中手动引入螺钉(11),所述螺钉(11)被保持。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用于紧固车辆配件的方法,其中,所述螺钉(11)根据所述螺钉(11)的螺纹的方向沿顺时针方向向右旋转,所述螺钉(11)刺穿所述螺钉(2)的摩擦区域(14),使所述螺钉(2)旋转,使所述螺钉(2)转动,使所述螺钉(2)前进并补偿距离和角度两者的现有公差。
15.一种用于紧固车辆配件的装置,包括权利要求1-10中的任意一个技术特征或者技术特征的任意组合。
16.一种方法,包括权利要求11-14中的任意一个技术特征或者技术特征的任意组合。
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